TY - CHAP A1 - Eliasson, Jonas A1 - Palsson, Thorgeir A1 - Weber, Konradin T1 - State of volcanic ash dispersion prediction T2 - Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2017 N2 - The Eyjafjallajokull 2010 and Grimsvotn 2011 eruptions created great problems for commercial aviation in Western Europe and in the North Atlantic region. Comparison of satellite images of the visible and predicted ash clouds showed the VAAC prediction to be much larger than the actual ash clouds. No official explanation of this discrepancy exists apart from the definition of the ash cloud boundary. Papers on simulation of the Eyjafjallajökull ash cloud in peer reviewed journals, typically attempted to simulate the VAAC predictions rather than focusing on the satellite pictures. Sporadic measurements made in-situ showed much lower ash concentrations over Europe than the predicted values. Two of the weak points in ash cloud prediction have been studied in airborne measurements of volcanic ash by the Universities in Kyoto Japan, Iceland and Düsseldorf Germany of eruptions in Sakurajima, Japan. It turns out that gravitational deformation of the plume and a streak fallout process make estimated ash content of clouds larger than the actual, both features are not included in the simulation model. Tropospheric plumes tend to ride in stable inversions this causes gravitational flattening (pancaking) of the volcanic plume, while diffusion in the mixing layer is insignificant. New rules from ICAO, effective from November 2014, reiterate that jetliners should avoid visible ash, this makes information on visible ash important. A procedure developed by JMA′s Tokyo VAAC uses satellite images of visible ash to correct the prediction. This and the fact that meteorological data necessary to model gravitational dispersion and streak fallout do not exist in the international database available to the VAAC′s. This shows that close monitoring by airborne measurements and satellite and other photographic surveillance is necessary. KW - Luftreinhaltung KW - Vulkanismus KW - Vulkanasche KW - Luftfahrt KW - Messtechnik Y1 - 2017 UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20220725214514/https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-13656.pdf PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fischer, Christian A1 - Weber, Konradin A1 - Lange, Martin A1 - Frühsorger, Alexander A1 - Roßkopf, C. A1 - Pesch, Markus A1 - Ziegler, V. T1 - Bestimmung der Filtereffizienz von High Volume Air Condition (HVAC)-Systemen von verschiedenen Pkw mit realen Feinstaubbelastungen in Peking JF - Gefahrstoffe: Reinhaltung der Luft KW - Luftreinhaltung KW - Luftfilter KW - Klimaanlage KW - Straßenverkehr KW - Feinstaub KW - Messtechnik Y1 - 2016 SN - 1436-4891 VL - 76 IS - 11-12 SP - 437 EP - 441 PB - Springer-VDI CY - Düsseldorf ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Weber, Konradin A1 - Scharifi, Emad A1 - Böhlke, Christoph ED - Bulucea, Aida T1 - Mobile measurements of the horizontal variation of fine particulate matter in the state of North Rhine Westphalia in Germany – a case study T2 - Recent Advances on Environmental and Life Science N2 - Fine particulate matter is well known for its adverse health effects for the population. It is still one of the major problems of air pollution in Germany. The limit values of fine particulate matter PM10 are often exceeded in bigger German cities. Therefore the level of fine particulate matter and other air pollutants are routinely monitored at single hot spots in the cities by measurement stations of the environmental state agencies. However, it is of high interest, what levels of concentrations of fine particulate matter are to be found in those areas, where no measurement stations are placed. Moreover, it is important to know, how strong exceedings of fine particulate matter concentrations can be influenced by meteorological conditions. In this paper fine particulate matter concentrations are measured with a car, which was equipped with measurement systems for fine particulate matter and which was driving through industrial and rural areas of the state North Rhine Westphalia in Germany. By this means it was possible to measure coarse and fine fractions of particulate matter continuously during driving. In this way the horizontal variation of fine particulate matter could be investigated throughout the state. The measurements comprised dust concentrations of the fractions PM10 (coarse), PM2.5 (more fine) and PM1(very fine), which are addressed within the European environmental legislation. Moreover, every second during driving the full size distribution of particles between 250 nm and 32 μm diameter was measured. Therefore it could be investigated, at what places more bigger or more smaller particles were present under specific meteorological conditions. The mobile car measurements were performed as a case study in a situation with a strong meteorological inversion layer. The mobile measurements of the horizontal variation of fine particulate matter in industrial and rural areas are compared with model prediction calculations. Moreover, using backward trajectories a source appointment of the fine particulate matter could be performed. KW - Luftreinhaltung KW - Feinstaub KW - Luftverschmutzung KW - Luftqualität KW - Messtechnik Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-1-61804-332-0 SN - 2227-4359 VL - Energy, Environmental and Structural Engineering Series 40 SP - 22 EP - 27 PB - WSEAS ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Weber, Konradin A1 - Pohl, Tobias A1 - Fischer, Christian A1 - Lange, Martin A1 - Böhlke, Christoph ED - Valeri, Mladenov T1 - Determination of a Vertical Profile of Black Carbon by a Combined Application of a Light Research Aircraft and a Quadcopter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle – A Case Study Using an Airborne Ultraportable Micro-Aethalometer for Black Carbon Measurements at a Rural Site in Germany T2 - Recent Researches in Electrical and Computer Engineering KW - Luftreinhaltung KW - Messtechnik KW - Atmosphärisches Aerosol KW - Ruß Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-1-61804-315-3 SN - 1790-5117 VL - Recent Advances in Electrical Engineering Series 49 SP - 13 EP - 18 PB - WSEAS ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Weber, Konradin A1 - Fischer, Christian A1 - Lange, Martin A1 - Pohl, Tobias A1 - Böhlke, Christoph A1 - Wagner, Frank A1 - Mattis, Ina A1 - Flentje, Harald A1 - Sturm, Klaus A1 - Barth, Joachim A1 - Steinkopff, Thomas A1 - Vogel, Andreas T1 - Aircraft measurements compared with ceilometer measurements during a sahara dust period in Germany T2 - Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2015 N2 - A significant Sahara dust event took place at the beginning of April 2014 over large areas of Germany and Europe. The German Weather Service (DWD) detected and monitored the expansion and propagation of this dust cloud with a ceilometer network of more than 50 ceilometers. Moreover, these ceilometers were also able to track the altitude of the dust cloud at the positions of the ceilometers. Additionally, aircraft measurements over Germany and France were performed with two aircraft by the Duesseldorf University of Applied Sciences. These aircraft were equipped with optical particle counters (OPC) and were able to measure the particle size distribution within the Sahara dust cloud and as a result of this to calculate the particle mass concentration of the dust. The ceilometer measurements and the aircraft measurements complemented each other: whereas the ceilometers gave continuous information about the Sahara dust cloud at the ceilometer positions, the aircraft measurements delivered interpolating results between the ceilometer positions. Moreover, at several ceilometer positions intercomparison flights were performed by spiraling with the aircraft up or down around the ceilometer laser beam. This gave the unique possibility for comparing the remote sensing results of the ceilometers with the in-situ measurements of the aircraft. This study shows that a significant high amount of Saharan dust particles was transported over Germany during a several days long episode. Furthermore, the intercomparison study between the German ceilometer network and aircraft measurements results shows a good agreement. A combination of these techniques could help to detect the vertical and horizontal distribution of the dust cloud and additionally the particle mass concentration. KW - Luftreinhaltung KW - Deutscher Wetterdienst KW - Forschungsflugzeug KW - Messtechnik KW - Atmosphärisches Aerosol KW - Saharastaub Y1 - 2015 UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20250314100317/https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2015/EGU2015-9776.pdf N1 - Vortragsabstract VL - 17 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Arnason, Gylfi A1 - Eliasson, Jonas A1 - Weber, Konradin A1 - Böhlke, Christoph A1 - Palsson, Thorgeir A1 - Rögnvaldsson, Ólafur A1 - Thorsteinsson, Throstur A1 - Platt, Ulrich A1 - Tirpitz, Lukas A1 - Jones, Roderic L. A1 - Smith, Paul D. T1 - Results of airborne measurements in the plume near and far from the 2014 Bardarbunga-Holuhraun eruption T2 - Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2015 N2 - The Volcanic Ash Research (VAR) group is focused on airborne measurement of ash contamination to support safe air travel. In relations to the recent eruption, the group measured ash and several gaseous species in the plume 10-300 km from the volcano. The eruption emitted ash turned out to be mostly in the fine aerosol range (much less than 10 micrometers in diameter). Our highest measured concentrations were lower than 1 mg/m3 indicating that commercial air traffic was not threatened (greater than 2 mg/m3) by the ash contamination. But we measured sulfur dioxide (SO2 ) up to 90 mg/m3, which presented a potentially dangerous pollution problem. However, airborne measurements indicate that the sulfur concentration decays (probably due to scavenging) as the plume is carried by the wind from the volcano, which limits the area of immediate danger to the public. Here we present size distribution for particulate matter collected during flights, near and far from the crater at various times. The particle data is then compared with simultaneously collected sulfur dioxide data and the rate of decay of is estimated. Sulfur and particle concentration variations with height in the far plume are presented. Some airborne measurements for H2S, NO, NO2 and CO2 will also be presented. This includes correlation matrices for simultaneous measurements of these gases and comparison to National Air Quality Standards and background values. KW - Luftreinhaltung KW - Vulkanasche KW - Vulkanismus KW - Atmosphärisches Aerosol KW - Messtechnik Y1 - 2015 N1 - Vortragsabstract VL - 17 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rögnvaldsson, Ólafur A1 - Arnason, Gylfi A1 - Palsson, Thorgeir A1 - Eliasson, Jonas A1 - Weber, Konradin A1 - Böhlke, Christoph A1 - Thorsteinsson, Throstur A1 - Tirpitz, Lukas A1 - Platt, Ulrich A1 - Smith, Paul D. A1 - Jones, Roderic L. T1 - Modeling of SO2 dispersion from the 2014 Holuhraun eruption in Iceland using WRF-Chem T2 - Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2015 N2 - The fissure eruption in Holuhraun in central Iceland is the country’s largest lava and gas eruption since 1783 but has produced very little volcanic ash. The eruption started in late August 2014 and is still ongoing as of January 2015. The main threat from this event has been atmospheric pollution of SO2 that is carried by wind to all parts of the country and produces elevated concentrations of SO2 that have frequently violated National Air Quality Standards (NAQS) in many population centers. The Volcanic Ash Research (VAR) group in Iceland is focused on airborne measurement of ash contamination to support safe air travel, as well as various gas concentrations. In relation to the Holuhraun eruption the VAR group has organized an investigation campaign including 10 measurement flights and performed measurements of both the source emissions and the plume distribution. SO2 concentrations measured at the source showed clear potential for creating pollution events in the toxic range and contamination of surface waters. The data obtained in the measurement campaign was used for calibration of the WRF-chem model of the dispersion of SO2 and volcanic ash concentration. The model has both been run in operational forecast mode (since mid October) as well as in a dynamical downscaling mode, to estimate the dispersion and fallout of SO2 from the plume. The model results indicate that a large part of the sulphur was precipitated in the Icelandic highlands. The first melt waters during the spring thaw are likely to contain acid sulphur compounds that can be harmful for vegetation, with the highland vegetation being the most vulnerable. These results will be helpful to estimate the pollution load on farmlands and pastures of farmers. KW - Luftreinhaltung KW - Vulkanismus KW - Schwefeldioxid KW - Messtechnik Y1 - 2015 UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20240615204204/https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2015/EGU2015-10113.pdf N1 - Vortragsabstract VL - 17 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Weber, Konradin A1 - Fischer, Christian A1 - Amend, Detlef T1 - A new development of drop-sondes for the measurement of CO2-concentrations at extended volcanic areas BT - 6th Workshop on Physics of Volcanoes T2 - Physics of Volcanoes 2020 N2 - One of the main compounds emitted by volcanoes or volcanic fields is CO2. This is not only emitted from localized craters, but can emerge as distributed and fugitive emissions on extended volcanic areas. In this situation it is of interest to explore the distribution and horizontal concentration profiles of the CO2-emissions. For this purpose new drop-sondes for sensor measurements of CO2 emissions are under development at the Duesseldorf University of Applied Sciences. These drop-sondes are designed to be dropped from aircraft or drones over volcanic areas in order to map the distributed CO2 concentrations over longer times in an unattended way. They are very lightweight and cheap, so that a large number of drop-sondes might be deployed even over remote areas or regions with difficult access. The data are transmitted with GSM broadcasting and can be visualized on a geographical map. The drop-sondes use an NDIR CO2 sensor as a base for the measurement unit. Additionally to CO2 the atmospheric pressure, temperature and humidity are measured. The sensor unit is mounted in a special shock absorbing housing, which is designed to absorb impacts from the touch down after dropping of the sensor and is able to resist even adverse weather conditions. First measurement results and more details of the design of the sensor unit will be presented in this contribution KW - Sonde KW - Kohlendioxidemission KW - Messtechnik KW - Vulkanismus KW - Luftreinhaltung Y1 - 2020 UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20240702210730/https://www.conferences.uni-hamburg.de/event/104/attachments/86/133/PoV_VI_BookOfAbstracts.pdf N1 - Vortragsabstract SP - 32 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Weber, Konradin A1 - Kramer, Tim A1 - Fischer, Christian A1 - Pohl, Tobias A1 - Böhlke, Christoph T1 - Application and Feld-Testing of Different Low Cost Sensors for Particulate Matter T2 - European Aerosol Conference 2019, 25.-30. August 2019, Gothenburg, Sweden KW - Luftreinhaltung KW - Messtechnik KW - Sensor KW - Teilchen Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www5.shocklogic.com/scripts/jmevent/programme.php?Client_Id=%27KONGRESS%27&Project_Id=%2719371%27&System_Id=1# ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Weber, Konradin A1 - Reichardt, R. A1 - Fischer, Christian A1 - Moser, H. M. A1 - Eliasson, Jonas ED - Jha, Manoj K. ED - Lazard, Myriam ED - Zaharim, Azami ED - Sopian, Kamaruzzaman T1 - Computational Visualization of Volcanic Ash Plume Concentrations Measured by light Aircrafts over Germany and Iceland during the Recent Eruptions of the Volcanoes Eyjafjallajökull and Grimsvötn T2 - Recent advances in Fluid Mechanics, Heat & Mass Transfer, Biology and Ecology KW - Luftreinhaltung KW - Vulkanasche KW - Visualisierung KW - Eyjafjallajökull KW - Atmosphärisches Aerosol Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-1-61804-065-7 SP - 236 EP - 240 PB - WSEAS ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Vogel, Andreas A1 - Weber, Konradin A1 - Fischer, Christian A1 - van Haren, Günther A1 - Pohl, Tobias A1 - Grobety, Bernhard A1 - Meier, Mario T1 - Airborne in-situ measurements of the Eyjafjallojökull ash plume with a small aircraft and optical particle spectrometers over north-western Germany - comparison between the aircraft measurements and the VAAC-model calculations T2 - Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2011 N2 - The eruption of the volcano Eyjafjallajökull (Iceland) in 2010 has caused a transportation of an ash dust plume over large areas of Europe. In April 2010 many airports in Europe were closed for several days because of the volcano ash plume and even in May 2010 several German and European airports were closed for shorter periods because of the danger caused by the volcanic ash dust. The VAAC (Volcanic Ash Advisory Center), London, has continuously published graphics of the predicted spread and dispersion of the volcanic ash plume, which were partly basis for the air traffic restrictions in Germany. In this situation the Laboratory for Environmental Measurement Techniques of the University of Applied Sciences in Duesseldorf has performed 14 measurement flights starting from April 23 2010 to May 21 2010 to get real airborne in-situ dust measurement data over the north-western part of Germany and for comparison with the predicted ash dispersion model data of the VAAC of London in Germany. Moreover, airborne passive DOAS remote sensing measurements have been performed by a mini-DOAS system for SO2-measurements within the plume. In this paper the results of the airborne optical ash particle measurements as well as the remote sensing SO2 measurements will be reported for situations with and without the volcanic plume over northern Germany in detail. Moreover, the measured dust data will be compared with the model dispersion predictions for the ash plume by the VAAC and with European limit concentrations. Main conclusions are: The „ash plume“, found by the aircraft measurement of the Duesseldorf University of Applied Sciences over north western Germany in the “red zone” predicted by the VAAC turned out to be inhomogeneous during the measurement flights Clusters of ash plume sometimes had only a height extension of several hundred meters or less Ash substructures with a horizontal extension of ten kilometres up to several tenth of kilometres could be found Vertical double structures of ash plume could be measured by spiral flights and could be observed visually in horizontal direction Ash plume could be observed visually as small brown layer in horizontal direction Particles collected during flight could be identified as ash particles by electron microscope analysis and chemical analysis KW - Luftreinhaltung KW - Vulkanasche KW - Atmosphärisches Aerosol KW - Eyjafjallajökull KW - Messtechnik Y1 - 2011 VL - 13 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER -