TY - JOUR A1 - Moxnes, E. D. A1 - Kristiansen, N. I. A1 - Stohl, A. A1 - Clarisse, L. A1 - Durant, A. A1 - Weber, Konradin A1 - Vogel, A. T1 - Separation of ash and sulfur dioxide during the 2011 Grímsvötn eruption JF - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres KW - Luftreinhaltung Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50162 SN - 2169-8996 VL - 119 IS - 12 SP - 7477 EP - 7501 PB - American Geophysical Union (AGU) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - General, S. A1 - Pöhler, D. A1 - Sihler, H. A1 - Bobrowski, N. A1 - Frieß, U. A1 - Zielcke, J. A1 - Horbanski, M. A1 - Shepson, P. B. A1 - Stirm, B. H. A1 - Simpson, W. R. A1 - Weber, Konradin A1 - Fischer, C. A1 - Platt, U. T1 - The Heidelberg Airborne Imaging DOAS Instrument (HAIDI) – a novel imaging DOAS device for 2-D and 3-D imaging of trace gases and aerosols JF - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques N2 - Abstract. Many relevant processes in tropospheric chemistry take place on rather small scales (e.g., tens to hundreds of meters) but often influence areas of several square kilometer. Thus, measurements of the involved trace gases with high spatial resolution are of great scientific interest. In order to identify individual sources and sinks and ultimately to improve chemical transport models, we developed a new airborne instrument, which is based on the well established Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) method. The Heidelberg Airborne Imaging DOAS Instrument (HAIDI) is a passive imaging DOAS spectrometer, which is capable of recording horizontal and vertical trace gas distributions with a resolution of better than 100 m. Observable species include NO2, HCHO, C2H2O2, H2O, O3, O4, SO2, IO, OClO and BrO. Here we give a technical description of the instrument including its custom-built spectrographs and CCD detectors. Also first results from measurements with the new instrument are presented. These comprise spatial resolved SO2 and BrO in volcanic plumes, mapped at Mt. Etna (Sicily, Italy), NO2 emissions in the metropolitan area of Indianapolis (Indiana, USA) as well as BrO and NO2 distributions measured during arctic springtime in context of the BRomine, Ozone, and Mercury EXperiment (BROMEX) campaign, which was performed 2012 in Barrow (Alaska, USA). KW - Luftreinhaltung Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50179 SN - 1867-8548 VL - 7 IS - 10 SP - 3459 EP - 3485 PB - Copernicus ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eliasson, Jonas A1 - Yoshitani, Junichi A1 - Weber, Konradin A1 - Yasuda, Nario A1 - Iguchi, Masato A1 - Vogel, Andreas T1 - Airborne Measurement in the Ash Plume from Mount Sakurajima: Analysis of Gravitational Effects on Dispersion and Fallout JF - International Journal of Atmospheric Sciences N2 - Volcanic ash concentrations in the plume from Sakurajima volcano in Japan are observed from airplanes equipped with optical particle counters and GPS tracking devices. The volcano emits several puffs a day. The puffs are also recorded by the Sakurajima Volcanological Observatory. High concentrations are observed in the puffs and fallout driven by vertical air current, called streak fallout. Puffs dispersion is analyzed by the classical diffusion-advection method and a new gravitational dispersion method. The fluid mechanic of the gravitational dispersion, streak fallout, and classical diffusion-advection theory is described in three separate appendices together with methods to find the time gravitational dispersion constant and the diffusion coefficient from satellite photos. The diffusion-advection equation may be used to scale volcanic eruptions so the same eruption plumes can be scaled to constant flux and wind conditions or two eruptions can be scaled to each other. The dispersion analyses show that dispersion of volcanic plumes does not follow either theories completely. It is most likely diffusion in the interface of the plume and the ambient air, together with gravitational flattening of the plumes core. This means larger boundary concentration gradients and smaller diffusion coefficients than state of the art methods can predict. KW - Luftreinhaltung KW - Vulkanismus KW - Vulkanasche KW - Messtechnik KW - Atmosphärisches Aerosol Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50955 SN - 2314-4122 VL - 2014 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Birmili, W. A1 - Rückerl, R. A1 - Hoffman, W. A1 - Weinmayer, G. A1 - Schins, R. A1 - Kuhlbusch, T. A. J. A1 - Vogel, A. A1 - Weber, Konradin A1 - Franck, U. A1 - Cyrys, J. A1 - Peters, A. T1 - Ultrafeine Partikel in der Außenluft: Perspektiven zur Aufklärung ihrer Gesundheitseffekte JF - Gefahrstoffe: Reinhaltung der Luft KW - Luftreinhaltung Y1 - 2014 SN - 1436-4891 VL - 74 IS - 11/12 SP - 492 EP - 500 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eliasson, Jonas A1 - Yasuda, Nario A1 - Weber, Konradin A1 - Vogel, Andreas A1 - Palsson, Thorgeir T1 - The role of in-situ measurements of volcanic ash concentrations in preventing economic disasters due to volcanic ash clouds JF - Journal of Integrated Disaster Risk Management KW - Luftreinhaltung Y1 - 2014 UR - https://www.idrimjournal.com/article/11691-the-role-of-in-situ-measurements-of-volcanic-ash-concentrations-in-preventing-economic-disasters-due-to-volcanic-ash-clouds U6 - https://doi.org/10.5595/idrim.2014.0092 SN - 2185-8322 VL - 4 IS - 1 SP - 48 EP - 60 PB - Journal of Integrated Disaster Risk Management ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Pieri, D. C. A1 - Diaz, J. A. A1 - Bland, G. A1 - Fladeland, M. M. A1 - Abtahi, A. A1 - Alan, A. Jr. A1 - Alegria, O. A1 - Azofeifa, S. A1 - Berthold, R. A1 - Corrales, E. A1 - Fuerstenau, S. A1 - Gerardi, J. A1 - Herlth, D. A1 - Hickman, G. A1 - Hunter, G. A1 - Linick, J. A1 - Mardigal, Y. A1 - Makel, D. A1 - Miles, T. A1 - Realmuto, V. J. A1 - Storms, B. A1 - Vogel, A. A1 - Kolyer, R. A1 - Weber, Konradin T1 - Systematic observations of Volcán Turrialba, Costa Rica, with small unmanned aircraft and aerostats (UAVs): the Costa Rican Airborne Research and Technology Applications (CARTA) missions [Abstract] T2 - American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2014 N2 - For several years, the University of Costa Rica, NASA Centers (e.g., JPL, ARC, GSFC/WFF, GRC) & NASA contractors-partners have made regular in situ measurements of aerosols & gases at Turrialba Volcano in Costa Rica, with aerostats (e.g., tethered balloons & kites), & free-flying fixed wing UAVs (e.g., Dragon Eye, Vector Wing 100, DELTA 150), at altitudes up to 12.5Kft ASL within 5km of the summit. Onboard instruments included gas detectors (e.g., SO2, CO2), visible & thermal IR cameras, air samplers, temperature pressure & humidity sensors, particle counters, & a nephelometer. Deployments are timed to support bimonthly overflights of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) onboard the NASA Terra satellite (26 deployments to date). In situ observations of dilute plume SO2 concentrations (~1-20ppmv), plume dimensions, and associated temperature, pressure, & humidity profiles, validate detailed radiative transfer-based SO2 retrievals, as well as archive-wide ASTER band-ratio SO2 algorithms. Our recent UAV-based CO2 observations confirm high concentrations (e.g., ~3000ppmv max at summit jet), with 1000-1500ppmv flank values, and essentially global background CO2 levels (400ppmv) over distal surroundings. Transient Turrialba He detections (up to 20ppmv) were obtained with a small (~10kg) airborne mass spectrometer on a light aircraft—a UAV version (~3kg) will deploy there soon on the UCR DELTA 500. Thus, these platforms, though small (most payloads <500gm), can perform valuable systematic measurements of potential eruption hazards, as well as of volcano processes. Because they are economical, flexible, and effective, such platforms promise unprecedented capabilities for researchers and responders throughout Central and South America, undertaking volcanic data acquisitions uniquely suited to such small aircraft in close proximity to known hazards, or that were previously only available using full-sized manned aircraft. This work was carried out, in part, at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory of the California Institute of Technology under NASA contract. We are grateful to the Universidad de Costa Rica, the NASA Airborne Science and Earth Surface & Interior Programs, the Dirección General de Aeronáutica Civil de Costa Rica, and FH Düsseldorf for their support. KW - Luftreinhaltung KW - Vulkanismus KW - Messtechnik KW - Schwefeldioxid KW - Atmosphärisches Aerosol KW - Flugkörper Y1 - 2014 UR - https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.V41C4838P/abstract ER -