TY - JOUR A1 - Nehr, Sascha A1 - Baus, Lukas A1 - Çınar, Hasan A1 - Elsen, Ingo A1 - Frauenrath, Tobias T1 - Indoor environmental quality assessment in passively ventilated classrooms in Germany and estimation of ventilation energy losses JF - Journal of Building Engineering KW - Indoor air quality KW - Indoor environmental quality KW - Energy-efficient ventilation KW - CO2 KW - PM2.5 KW - TVOC KW - Passive ventilation KW - Luftreinhaltung Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2024.110937 SN - 2352-7102 VL - 97 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pang, Jacky Yat Sing A1 - Novelli, Anna A1 - Kaminski, Martin A1 - Acir, Ismail-Hakki A1 - Bohn, Birger A1 - Carlsson, Philip T. M. A1 - Cho, Changmin A1 - Dorn, Hans-Peter A1 - Hofzumahaus, Andreas A1 - Li, Xin A1 - Lutz, Anna A1 - Nehr, Sascha A1 - Reimer, David A1 - Rohrer, Franz A1 - Tillmann, Ralf A1 - Wegener, Robert A1 - Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid A1 - Wahner, Andreas A1 - Fuchs, Hendrik T1 - Investigation of the limonene photooxidation by OH at different NO concentrations in the atmospheric simulation chamber SAPHIR (Simulation of Atmospheric PHotochemistry In a large Reaction Chamber) JF - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics N2 - Abstract. The oxidation of limonene by the hydroxyl (OH) radical and ozone (O3) was investigated in the atmospheric simulation chamber SAPHIR (Simulation of Atmospheric PHotochemistry In a large Reaction Chamber) in experiments performed at different nitric oxide (NO) mixing ratios from nearly 0 up to 10 ppbv. For the experiments dominated by OH oxidation, the formaldehyde (HCHO) yield was experimentally determined and found to be (12 ± 3), (13 ± 3), and (32 ± 5) % for experiments with low (∼ 0.1 ppbv), medium (∼ 0.3 ppbv), and high NO (5 to 10 ppbv), respectively. The yield in an ozonolysis-only experiment was (10 ± 1) %, which agrees with previous laboratory studies. The experimental yield of the first-generation organic nitrates from limonene–OH oxidation is calculated as (34 ± 5) %, about 11 % higher than the value in the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM), which is derived from structure–activity relationships (SARs). Time series of measured radicals, trace-gas concentrations, and OH reactivity are compared to results from zero-dimensional chemical box model calculations applying MCM v3.3.1. Modeled OH reactivity is 5 to 10 s−1 (25 % to 33 % of the OH reactivity at the start of the experiment) higher than measured values at the end of the experiments under all chemical conditions investigated, suggesting either that there are unaccounted loss processes of limonene oxidation products or that products are less reactive toward OH. In addition, model calculations underestimate measured hydroperoxyl radical (HO2) concentrations by 20 % to 90 % and overestimate organic peroxyl radical (RO2) concentrations by 50 % to 300 %. The largest deviations are found in low-NO experiments and in the ozonolysis experiment. An OH radical budget analysis, which uses only measured quantities, shows that the budget is closed in most of the experiments. A similar budget analysis for RO2 radicals suggests that an additional RO2 loss rate constant of about (1–6) × 10−2 s−1 for first-generation RO2 is required to match the measured RO2 concentrations in all experiments. Sensitivity model runs indicate that additional reactions converting RO2 to HO2 at a rate constant of about (1.7–3.0) × 10−2 s−1 would improve the model–measurement agreement of NOx, HO2, and RO2 concentrations and OH reactivity. Reaction pathways that could lead to the production of additional OH and HO2 are discussed, which include isomerization reactions of RO2 from the oxidation of limonene, different branching ratios for the reaction of RO2 with HO2, and a faster rate constant for RO2 recombination reactions. As the exact chemical mechanisms of the additional HO2 and OH sources could not be identified, further work needs to focus on quantifying organic product species and organic peroxy radicals from limonene oxidation. KW - Luftreinhaltung Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8497-2022 SN - 1680-7324 VL - 22 IS - 13 SP - 8497 EP - 8527 PB - Copernicus ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tan, Zhaofeng A1 - Hantschke, Luisa A1 - Kaminski, Martin A1 - Acir, Ismail-Hakki A1 - Bohn, Birger A1 - Cho, Changmin A1 - Dorn, Hans-Peter A1 - Li, Xin A1 - Novelli, Anna A1 - Nehr, Sascha A1 - Rohrer, Franz A1 - Tillmann, Ralf A1 - Wegener, Robert A1 - Hofzumahaus, Andreas A1 - Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid A1 - Wahner, Andreas A1 - Fuchs, Hendrik T1 - Atmospheric photo-oxidation of myrcene: OH reaction rate constant, gas-phase oxidation products and radical budgets JF - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics N2 - Abstract. The photo-oxidation of myrcene, a monoterpene species emitted by plants, was investigated at atmospheric conditions in the outdoor simulation chamber SAPHIR (Simulation of Atmospheric PHotochemistry In a Large Reaction Chamber). The chemical structure of myrcene consists of one moiety that is a conjugated π system (similar to isoprene) and another moiety that is a triple-substituted olefinic unit (similar to 2-methyl-2-butene). Hydrogen shift reactions of organic peroxy radicals (RO2) formed in the reaction of isoprene with atmospheric OH radicals are known to be of importance for the regeneration of OH. Structure–activity relationships (SARs) suggest that similar hydrogen shift reactions like in isoprene may apply to the isoprenyl part of RO2 radicals formed during the OH oxidation of myrcene. In addition, SAR predicts further isomerization reactions that would be competitive with bimolecular RO2 reactions for chemical conditions that are typical for forested environments with low concentrations of nitric oxide. Assuming that OH peroxy radicals can rapidly interconvert by addition and elimination of O2 like in isoprene, bulk isomerization rate constants of 0.21 and 0.097 s−1 (T=298 K) for the three isomers resulting from the 3′-OH and 1-OH addition, respectively, can be derived from SAR. Measurements of radicals and trace gases in the experiments allowed us to calculate radical production and destruction rates, which are expected to be balanced. The largest discrepancies between production and destruction rates were found for RO2. Additional loss of organic peroxy radicals due to isomerization reactions could explain the observed discrepancies. The uncertainty of the total radical (ROx=OH+HO2+RO2) production rates was high due to the uncertainty in the yield of radicals from myrcene ozonolysis. However, results indicate that radical production can only be balanced if the reaction rate constant of the reaction between hydroperoxy (HO2) and RO2 radicals derived from myrcene is lower (0.9 to 1.6×10-11 cm3 s−1) than predicted by SAR. Another explanation of the discrepancies would be that a significant fraction of products (yield: 0.3 to 0.6) from these reactions include OH and HO2 radicals instead of radical-terminating organic peroxides. Experiments also allowed us to determine the yields of organic oxidation products acetone (yield: 0.45±0.08) and formaldehyde (yield: 0.35±0.08). Acetone and formaldehyde are produced from different oxidation pathways, so that yields of these compounds reflect the branching ratios of the initial OH addition to myrcene. Yields determined in the experiments are consistent with branching ratios expected from SAR. The yield of organic nitrate was determined from the gas-phase budget analysis of reactive oxidized nitrogen in the chamber, giving a value of 0.13±0.03. In addition, the reaction rate constant for myrcene + OH was determined from the measured myrcene concentration, yielding a value of (2.3±0.3)×10-10 cm3 s−1. KW - Luftreinhaltung Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16067-2021 SN - 1680-7324 VL - 21 IS - 20 SP - 16067 EP - 16091 PB - Copernicus GmbH ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Novelli, Anna A1 - Kaminski, Martin A1 - Rolletter, Michael A1 - Acir, Ismail-Hakki A1 - Bohn, Birger A1 - Dorn, Hans-Peter A1 - Li, Xin A1 - Lutz, Anna A1 - Nehr, Sascha A1 - Rohrer, Franz A1 - Tillmann, Ralf A1 - Wegener, Robert A1 - Holland, Frank A1 - Hofzumahaus, Andreas A1 - Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid A1 - Wahner, Andreas A1 - Fuchs, Hendrik T1 - Evaluation of OH and HO2 concentrations and their budgets during photooxidation of 2-methyl-3-butene-2-ol (MBO) in the atmospheric simulation chamber SAPHIR JF - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics N2 - Several previous field studies have reported unexpectedly large concentrations of hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals (OH and HO2, respectively) in forested environments that could not be explained by the traditional oxidation mechanisms that largely underestimated the observations. These environments were characterized by large concentrations of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) and low nitrogen oxide concentration. In isoprene-dominated environments, models developed to simulate atmospheric photochemistry generally underestimated the observed OH radical concentrations. In contrast, HO2 radical concentration showed large discrepancies with model simulations mainly in non-isoprene-dominated forested environments. An abundant BVOC emitted by lodgepole and ponderosa pines is 2-methyl-3-butene-2-ol (MBO), observed in large concentrations for studies where the HO2 concentration was poorly described by model simulations. In this work, the photooxidation of MBO by OH was investigated for NO concentrations lower than 200 pptv in the atmospheric simulation chamber SAPHIR at Forschungszentrum Jülich. Measurements of OH and HO2 radicals, OH reactivity (kOH), MBO, OH precursors, and organic products (acetone and formaldehyde) were used to test our current understanding of the OH-oxidation mechanisms for MBO by comparing measurements with model calculations. All the measured trace gases agreed well with the model results (within 15 %) indicating a well understood mechanism for the MBO oxidation by OH. Therefore, the oxidation of MBO cannot contribute to reconciling the unexplained high OH and HO2 radical concentrations found in previous field studies. KW - Luftreinhaltung Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11409-2018 SN - 1680-7324 N1 - Code and data availability The data from the experiments in the SAPHIR chamber used in this work are available on the EUROCHAMP data home page (https://data.eurochamp.org/, last access: 1 October 2019, EUROCHAMP, 2019). Supplement The supplement related to this article is available online at: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3333-2020-supplement. VL - 18 IS - 15 SP - 11409 EP - 11422 PB - Copernicus ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rolletter, Michael A1 - Kaminski, Martin A1 - Acir, Ismail-Hakki A1 - Bohn, Birger A1 - Dorn, Hans-Peter A1 - Li, Xin A1 - Lutz, Anna A1 - Nehr, Sascha A1 - Rohrer, Franz A1 - Tillmann, Ralf A1 - Wegener, Robert A1 - Hofzumahaus, Andreas A1 - Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid A1 - Wahner, Andreas A1 - Fuchs, Hendrik T1 - Investigation of the α-pinene photooxidation by OH in the atmospheric simulation chamber SAPHIR JF - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics N2 - Abstract. The photooxidation of the most abundant monoterpene, α-pinene, by the hydroxyl radical (OH) was investigated at atmospheric concentrations in the atmospheric simulation chamber SAPHIR. Concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) were below 120 pptv. Yields of organic oxidation products are determined from measured time series giving values of 0.11±0.05, 0.19±0.06, and 0.05±0.03 for formaldehyde, acetone, and pinonaldehyde, respectively. The pinonaldehyde yield is at the low side of yields measured in previous laboratory studies, ranging from 0.06 to 0.87. These studies were mostly performed at reactant concentrations much higher than observed in the atmosphere. Time series of measured radical and trace-gas concentrations are compared to results from model calculations applying the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) 3.3.1. The model predicts pinonaldehyde mixing ratios that are at least a factor of 4 higher than measured values. At the same time, modeled hydroxyl and hydroperoxy (HO2) radical concentrations are approximately 25 % lower than measured values. Vereecken et al. (2007) suggested a shift of the initial organic peroxy radical (RO2) distribution towards RO2 species that do not yield pinonaldehyde but produce other organic products. Implementing these modifications reduces the model–measurement gap of pinonaldehyde by 20 % and also improves the agreement in modeled and measured radical concentrations by 10 %. However, the chemical oxidation mechanism needs further adjustment to explain observed radical and pinonaldehyde concentrations. This could be achieved by adjusting the initial RO2 distribution, but could also be done by implementing alternative reaction channels of RO2 species that currently lead to the formation of pinonaldehyde in the model. KW - Luftreinhaltung Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11635-2019 SN - 1680-7324 N1 - Data availability Data of the experiments in the SAPHIR chamber used in this work are available on the EUROCHAMP data home page (https://data.eurochamp.org/, last access: 28 April 2019, Eurochamp, 2019). Supplement The supplement related to this article is available online at: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11635-2019-supplement. VL - 19 IS - 18 SP - 11635 EP - 11649 PB - Copernicus ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nehr, Sascha A1 - Rosse, Joel T1 - Bewertung von Rauchschutzdruckanlagen und Wassernebellöschanlagen zur Sicherstellung bauordnungsrechtlicher Schutzziele JF - HLH N2 - Um das Leben von Menschen und Tieren zu schützen, schreibt das Baurecht brandschutztechnische Maßnahmen vor. Diese können sowohl baulich als auch anlagentechnisch umgesetzt werden. Bei der Entscheidung für eine konkrete brandschutztechnische Maßnahme ist neben der Sicherheit auch die Wirtschaftlichkeit ein bedeutendes Kriterium. In dieser Arbeit wird ein modellgestützter Vergleich der technisch anerkannten Rauchschutzdruckanlage (RDA) mit der alternativen Wassernebellöschanlage (WNLA) herangezogen zum Zweck der Kostenminimierung bei gleichzeitiger Sicherstellung bauordnungsrechtlicher Schutzziele im Bereich des Brandschutzes. KW - Luftreinhaltung Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.37544/1436-5103-2020-07-08-26 SN - 1436-5103 VL - 71 IS - 07-08 SP - 26 EP - 30 PB - VDI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nehr, Sascha A1 - Hösen, Elisabeth A1 - Tanabe, Shin-ichi T1 - Emerging developments in the standardized chemical characterization of indoor air quality JF - Environment International KW - Indoor air quality KW - Indoor air chemistry KW - Online-measurement KW - Non-target-screening KW - Indoor air quality management KW - Luftreinhaltung Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2016.09.020 SN - 0160-4120 VL - 98 SP - 233 EP - 237 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bergmann, Karl-Christian A1 - Klimek, Ludger A1 - Nehr, Sascha A1 - Straff, Wolfgang A1 - Werchan, Barbora T1 - Allergenic pollen: is it also an indoor problem? JF - Allergo Journal International KW - Luftreinhaltung Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40629-020-00161-3 SN - 2197-0378 VL - 30 IS - 6 SP - 207 EP - 208 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bekö, Gabriel A1 - Carslaw, Nicola A1 - Fauser, Patrik A1 - Kauneliene, Violeta A1 - Nehr, Sascha A1 - Phillips, Gavin A1 - Saraga, Dikaia A1 - Schoemaecker, Coralie A1 - Wierzbicka, Aneta A1 - Querol, Xavier T1 - The past, present, and future of indoor air chemistry JF - Indoor Air KW - Luftreinhaltung Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/ina.12634 SN - 0905-6947 VL - 30 IS - 3 SP - 373 EP - 376 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bergmann, Karl-Christian A1 - Klimek, Ludger A1 - Nehr, Sascha A1 - Straff, Wolfgang A1 - Werchan, Barbora T1 - Allergene Pollen - auch ein Problem von Innenräumen? JF - Allergo Journal KW - Luftreinhaltung Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s15007-021-4863-0 SN - 0941-8849 VL - 30 IS - 6 SP - 54 EP - 55 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nehr, Sascha T1 - Hygienische Bewertung von Lüftungskonzepten in frei gelüfteten Unterrichtsräumen durch Messungen der Luftwechselrate JF - Immissionsschutz KW - Luftreinhaltung Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.37307/j.1868-7776.2021.01.03 SN - 1868-7776 IS - 1 PB - Erich Schmidt Verlag ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alvarez, Elena Gómez A1 - Carslaw, Nicola A1 - Dusanter, Sébastien A1 - Edwards, Pete A1 - Gábor Mihucz, Viktor A1 - Heard, Dwayne A1 - Kleffmann, Jörg A1 - Nehr, Sascha A1 - Schoemacker, Coralie A1 - Venables, Dean T1 - Techniques for measuring indoor radicals and radical precursors JF - Applied Spectroscopy Reviews N2 - Radicals and their precursors play a central role in the chemical transformations occurring in indoor air and on indoor surfaces. Such species include OH, HO2, peroxy radicals, nitrous acid, reactive chlorine species, NO3, N2O5, Criegee intermediates, and glyoxal and methylglyoxal. Recent advances on instrumental analysis and modeling studies have demonstrated the need for a wider range of measurements of radical species and their precursors in indoor air. This work reviews measurement techniques and provides considerations for indoor measurements of several radicals and their precursors. Techniques to determine the actinic flux are also presented owing to the relevance of photolytically-initiated processes indoors. This review is also intended to provide pointers for those wanting to learn more about measurements of radicals indoors. KW - Criegee KW - peroxy KW - HONO KW - FAGE KW - CIMS KW - Laser-induced fluorescence KW - Luftreinhaltung Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/05704928.2022.2087666 SN - 0570-4928 VL - 57 IS - 7 SP - 580 EP - 624 PB - Informa UK Limited ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaminski, Martin A1 - Fuchs, Hendrik A1 - Acir, Ismail-Hakki A1 - Bohn, Birger A1 - Brauers, Theo A1 - Dorn, Hans-Peter A1 - Häseler, Rolf A1 - Hofzumahaus, Andreas A1 - Li, Xin A1 - Lutz, Anna A1 - Nehr, Sascha A1 - Rohrer, Franz A1 - Tillmann, Ralf A1 - Vereecken, Luc A1 - Wegener, Robert A1 - Wahner, Andreas T1 - Investigation of the β-pinene photooxidation by OH in the atmosphere simulation chamber SAPHIR JF - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics N2 - Abstract. Besides isoprene, monoterpenes are the non-methane volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with the highest global emission rates. Due to their high reactivity towards OH, monoterpenes can dominate the radical chemistry of the atmosphere in forested areas. In the present study the photochemical degradation mechanism of β-pinene was investigated in the Jülich atmosphere simulation chamber SAPHIR (Simulation of Atmospheric PHotochemistry In a large Reaction Chamber). One focus of this study is on the OH budget in the degradation process. Therefore, the SAPHIR chamber was equipped with instrumentation to measure radicals (OH, HO2, RO2), the total OH reactivity, important OH precursors (O3, HONO, HCHO), the parent VOC β-pinene, its main oxidation products, acetone and nopinone and photolysis frequencies. All experiments were carried out under low-NO conditions ( ≤  300 ppt) and at atmospheric β-pinene concentrations ( ≤  5 ppb) with and without addition of ozone. For the investigation of the OH budget, the OH production and destruction rates were calculated from measured quantities. Within the limits of accuracy of the instruments, the OH budget was balanced in all β-pinene oxidation experiments. However, even though the OH budget was closed, simulation results from the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) 3.2 showed that the OH production and destruction rates were underestimated by the model. The measured OH and HO2 concentrations were underestimated by up to a factor of 2, whereas the total OH reactivity was slightly overestimated because the model predicted a nopinone mixing ratio which was 3 times higher than measured. A new, theory-derived, first-generation product distribution by Vereecken and Peeters (2012) was able to reproduce the measured nopinone time series and the total OH reactivity. Nevertheless, the measured OH and HO2 concentrations remained underestimated by the numerical simulations. These observations together with the fact that the measured OH budget was closed suggest the existence of unaccounted sources of HO2. Although the mechanism of additional HO2 formation could not be resolved, our model studies suggest that an activated alkoxy radical intermediate proposed in the model of Vereecken and Peeters (2012) generates HO2 in a new pathway, whose importance has been underestimated so far. The proposed reaction path involves unimolecular rearrangement and decomposition reactions and photolysis of dicarbonyl products, yielding additional HO2 and CO. Further experiments and quantum chemical calculations have to be made to completely unravel the pathway of HO2 formation. KW - Luftreinhaltung Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-6631-2017 SN - 1680-7324 VL - 17 IS - 11 SP - 6631 EP - 6650 PB - Copernicus ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herr, Caroline E. A1 - Brenner, Bernhard A1 - Thekoke, Jochen A1 - Nehr, Sascha T1 - Stand der Aktivitäten in den VDI – Arbeitsgruppen (Gemeinschaftsausschuss „Bioaerosole und Biologische Agenzien“) JF - Das Gesundheitswesen KW - Luftreinhaltung Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1602072 SN - 0941-3790 VL - 79 IS - 4 SP - 299 EP - 374 PB - Thieme ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nehr, Sascha A1 - Franzen-Reuter, Isabelle A1 - Kucejko, Catharina T1 - New directions: Future approaches to the standardized assessment of airborne pollutants affecting environmental quality JF - Atmospheric Environment KW - Luftreinhaltung Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.06.051 SN - 1352-2310 VL - 166 SP - 570 EP - 572 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herr, Caroline E. W. A1 - Brenner, Bernhard A1 - Thekoke, Jochen A1 - Nehr, Sascha A1 - Winkler, Gisela T1 - Erfahrung mit dem LAI Leitfaden bei der Bewertung von Bioaerosoleemissionen aus Anlagen JF - Das Gesundheitswesen KW - Luftreinhaltung Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1602110 SN - 0941-3790 VL - 79 IS - 4 SP - 299 EP - 374 PB - Thieme ER - TY - GEN A1 - Nehr, Sascha A1 - Borowiak, Annette A1 - Herrmann, Hartmut A1 - Wiesen, P. A1 - Zellner, Reinhard T1 - New and emerging technologies: Impact on air quality and climate - 3rd VDI/DECHEMA/GDCh Expert Forum on Atmospheric Chemistry (EFAC 3) T2 - Gefahrstoffe Reinhaltung der Luft KW - Luftreinhaltung Y1 - 2017 VL - 77 IS - 1/2 SP - 15 EP - 18 PB - Springer-VDI-Verl. ER - TY - GEN A1 - Walser, Sandra M. A1 - Theloke, Jochen A1 - Nehr, Sascha A1 - Brenner, Bernhard A1 - Herr, Caroline E. W. T1 - Gemeinschaftsausschuss „Bioaerosole und biologische Agenzien“ der VDI/DIN-Kommission Reinhaltung der Luft T2 - Umweltmedizin - Hygiene - Arbeitsmedizin KW - Luftreinhaltung Y1 - 2017 VL - 22 IS - 2 PB - ecomed-Storck ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nehr, Sascha T1 - Probleme in der Praxis der Geruchsbeurteilung – Handlungsfelder für die technische Regelsetzung T2 - Gerüchte in der Umwelt: Nürnberg, 15. und 16. November 2017 KW - Luftreinhaltung KW - Geruchsemission Y1 - 2017 SN - 0083-5560 VL - VDI-Berichte 2315 SP - 171 PB - VDI-Verlag ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nehr, Sascha T1 - Probleme in der Praxis der Geruchsbeurteilung – Handlungsfelder für die technische Regelsetzung T2 - Gerüche in der Umwelt: Nürnberg, 15. und 16. November 2017 KW - Luftreinhaltung Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-3-18-092315-4 SN - 0083-5560 VL - VDI-Berichte 2315 SP - 171 EP - 180 PB - VDI Verlag CY - Düsseldorf ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Saffell, John A1 - Nehr, Sascha T1 - Improving Indoor Air Quality through Standardization JF - Standards N2 - Human beings experience a large fraction of their exposure to air pollutants in indoor environments. Air pollution is a large environmental health risk, and exposure to ambient air pollution and indoor air pollution contribute equally to the total number of fatalities worldwide. Although legislative authorities have established limit values for ambient outdoor air and stack emissions, there are inconsistent and variable national and regional limit values for gaseous substances and airborne particulate matter in the built environment (schools, homes, healthcare facilities, offices, and other public spaces). This lack of regulation is unsurprising, because indoor spaces are characterized by complex air chemistry, and their construction materials and types of activities vary significantly. The current understanding of indoor pollutants, including short-lived oxidants, degradation of VOCs, particle formation, and particle composition, is incomplete. It is necessary to identify and assess emerging pollutants and their toxicity, and to consider new consumer products and green construction materials and their impact on indoor air quality (IAQ). Learning from IAQ surveys and audit protocols, research methodologies should be regularized for cross-research comparisons. Some indoor air quality guidance and standards have been written, and several more are in development, with the international ISO 16000 series of indoor standards leading the way for improving indoor air data quality. The WHO has established some ambient air limit values which can mostly be translated into indoor limit values. The built environment needs to harmonize energy efficiency, thermal comfort and air quality standards and guidance. In this review, we discuss the next steps for improving international, regional and national standards and guidance, leading to better and more complete indoor air quality regulations. KW - indoor air quality KW - IAQ KW - air quality standards KW - air quality regulations KW - air quality guidance KW - indoor pollutants KW - IAQ survey KW - indoor air data quality KW - limit value KW - Luftreinhaltung Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/standards3030019 SN - 2305-6703 VL - 3 IS - 3 SP - 240 EP - 267 PB - MDPI ER -