TY - JOUR A1 - Elvers, Paul A1 - Steffens, Jochen T1 - The Sound of Success: Investigating Cognitive and Behavioral Effects of Motivational Music in Sports JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Listening to music before, during, or after sports is a common phenomenon, yet its functions and effects on performance, cognition, and behavior remain to be investigated. Listening to music before, during, or after sports is a common phenomenon, yet its functions and effects on performance, cognition, and behavior remain to be investigated. In this study we present a novel approach to the role of music in sports and exercise that focuses on the notion of musical self-enhancement (Elvers, 2016). We derived the following hypotheses from this framework: listening to motivational music will (i) enhance self-evaluative cognition, (ii) improve performance in a ball game, and (iii) evoke greater risk-taking behavior. To evaluate the hypotheses, we conducted a between-groups experiment (N = 150) testing the effectiveness of both an experimenter playlist and a participant-selected playlist in comparison to a no-music control condition. All participants performed a ball-throwing task developed by Decharms and Davé (1965), consisting of two parts: First, participants threw the ball from fixed distances into a funnel basket. During this task, performance was measured. In the second part, the participants themselves chose distances from the basket, which allowed their risk-taking behavior to be assessed. The results indicate that listening to motivational music led to greater risk taking but did not improve ball-throwing performance. This effect was more pronounced in male participants and among those who listened to their own playlists. Furthermore, self-selected music enhanced state self-esteem in participants who were performing well but not in those who were performing poorly. We also discuss further implications for the notion of musical self-enhancement. // Listening to music before, during, or after sports is a common phenomenon, yet its functions and effects on performance, cognition, and behavior remain to be investigated. In this study we present a novel approach to the role of music in sports and exercise that focuses on the notion of musical self-enhancement (Elvers, 2016). We derived the following hypotheses from this framework: listening to motivational music will (i) enhance self-evaluative cognition, (ii) improve performance in a ball game, and (iii) evoke greater risk-taking behavior. To evaluate the hypotheses, we conducted a between-groups experiment (N = 150) testing the effectiveness of both an experimenter playlist and a participant-selected playlist in comparison to a no-music control condition. All participants performed a ball-throwing task developed by Decharms and Davé (1965), consisting of two parts: First, participants threw the ball from fixed distances into a funnel basket. During this task, performance was measured. In the second part, the participants themselves chose distances from the basket, which allowed their risk-taking behavior to be assessed. The results indicate that listening to motivational music led to greater risk taking but did not improve ball-throwing performance. This effect was more pronounced in male participants and among those who listened to their own playlists. Furthermore, self-selected music enhanced state self-esteem in participants who were performing well but not in those who were performing poorly. We also discuss further implications for the notion of musical self-enhancement. KW - Motivation KW - motor coordination KW - Music KW - risk taking KW - self-enhancement KW - Self-esteem KW - sports Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02026 VL - 8 PB - Frontiers ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Elvers, Paul A1 - Fischinger, Timo A1 - Steffens, Jochen T1 - Music listening as self-enhancement JF - Psychology of Music KW - Habilitation Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735617707354 VL - 10 IS - 2 SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - Sage ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Elvers, Paul A1 - Fischinger, Timo A1 - Steffens, Jochen T1 - Musikhören als Selbst-Regulation: Musikinduzierte Manipulationen des impliziten und momentanen Selbstwerts T2 - 31. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Musikpsychologie (DGM) Y1 - 2015 PB - Oldenburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Elvers, Paul A1 - Steffens, Jochen T1 - How empowering music influences performance and risk-behavior in sports: a randomized controlled trial T2 - Proceedings of the Congress of the International Association of Empirical Aesthetics (Wien, Österreich) Y1 - 2016 CY - Wien ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Elvers, Paul A1 - Fischinger, Timo A1 - Steffens, Jochen ED - Ginsborg, Jane ED - Lamont, Alexandra T1 - Empowering music - music-induced manipulations of self-esteem T2 - Proceedings of the Ninth Triennial Conference of the European Society for the Cognitive Sciences of Music (ESCOM), CD-ROM Y1 - 2015 CY - Manchester ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Elvers, Paul A1 - Steffens, Jochen ED - Goschke, Thomas ED - Bolte, Annette ED - Kirschbaum, Clemens T1 - The influence of motivational music on risk-behavior and ball-throwing performance T2 - TeaP 2017: Abstracts of the 59th Conference of Experimental Psychologists : Dresden, Germany, March 26-29, 2017 Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-3958532946 PB - Pabst Science Publishers CY - Lengerich ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Elvers, Paul A1 - Steffens, Jochen ED - Ginsborg, Jane ED - Lamont, Alexandra T1 - Motivational music influences decision-making processes but not the execution of a ball-throwing task T2 - Proceedings of the 25th Anniversary Conference of the European Society for the Cognitive Sciences of Music (ESCOM): “The expressive interaction with music” (Ghent, Belgium) Y1 - 2017 CY - Ghent ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Elvers, Paul A1 - Steffens, Jochen T1 - The influence of empowering music on performance and risk-behavior in sports: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) T2 - Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition (ICMPC), San Francisco (CA), USA Y1 - 2016 SN - 1-876346-65-5 CY - San Francisco, UA ER -