TY - JOUR A1 - Marszal, Anna Joanna A1 - Heiselberg, Per A1 - Bourelle, Julien S. A1 - Musall, Eike A1 - Voss, Karsten A1 - Sartori, Igor A1 - Napolitano, Assunta T1 - Zero Energy Building - A Review of definitions and calculation methodologies JF - Energy and Buildings N2 - The concept of Zero Energy Building (ZEB) has gained wide international attention during last few years and is now seen as the future target for the design of buildings. However, before being fully implemented in the national building codes and international standards, the ZEB concept requires clear and consistent definition and a commonly agreed energy calculation methodology. The most important issues that should be given special attention before developing anewZEB definition are: (1) the metric of the balance, (2) the balancing period, (3) the type of energy use included in the balance, (4) the type of energy balance, (5) the accepted renewable energy supply options, (6) the connection to the energy infrastructure and (7) the requirements for the energy efficiency, the indoor climate and in case of gird connected ZEB for the building–grid interaction. This paper focuses on the review of the most of the existing ZEB definitions and the various approaches towards possible ZEB calculation methodologies. It presents and discusses possible answers to the abovementioned issues in order to facilitate the development of a consistent ZEB definition and a robust energy calculation methodology. KW - Label Y1 - 2011 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378778810004639 VL - 43 IS - 4 SP - 971 EP - 979 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Hermelink, Andreas A1 - Schimschar, Sven A1 - Boermans, Thomas A1 - Pagliano, Lorenzo A1 - Zangheri, Paolo A1 - Armani, Roberto A1 - Voss, Karsten A1 - Musall, Eike ED - Ecofys by order of European Commission, T1 - Towards nearly zero-energy buildings KW - Definitionsbeschreibung KW - Eigene Methodik Y1 - 2013 UR - https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/nzeb_full_report.pdf PB - Europäische Kommission CY - Köln ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Musall, Eike A1 - Voss, Karsten ED - Feist, Wolfgang T1 - The Passive House Concept as Suitable Basis towards Net Zero Energy Buildings T2 - Tagungsband / 16. Internationale Passivhaustagung 2012, 4. - 5. Mai 2012, Hannover KW - Querschnittsauswertung Y1 - 2012 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260719331_The_Passive_House_Concept_as_Suitable_Basis_towards_Net_Zero_Energy_Buildings SN - 978-3-00-037721-1 SP - 271 EP - 276 PB - Passivhaus-Inst. CY - Darmstadt ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Musall, Eike A1 - Voss, Karsten T1 - Renewable Energy Ratio in Net Zero Energy Buildings JF - REHVA Journal KW - Bilanzierung KW - Definitionsbeschrieb Y1 - 2014 UR - https://www.rehva.eu/rehva-journal/chapter/renewable-energy-ratio-in-net-zero-energy-buildings VL - 51 IS - 3 SP - 14 EP - 18 PB - REHVA ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Musall, Eike A1 - Weiß, Tobias A1 - Voss, Karsten A1 - Lenoir, Aurélie A1 - Donn, Michael A1 - Cory, Shaan A1 - Garde, François T1 - Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings: An Overview and Analysis on worldwide Building Projects. EuroSun Conference 2010 N2 - This paper summarises the state of two research phases within the scope of the IEA Task 40 / Annex 52 "Towards Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings" [1]. The first objective is a cross section analysis of a comprehensive collection of more than 280 international zero energy buildings. The aim is to show trends, motives of actors, as well as their method to reach the zero energy balance. Secondly, an in-depth study shows a rough analysis and characteristics of 50 exemplary Nets ZEBs from different countries and climate regions, as well as their combinations of measures concerning energy efficiency and renewable energy supply. It is shown that diverse actors with miscellaneous motives have lead to a lot of different building variations. Typical strategies can be assigned to the typology groups "small residential building", "apartment building" and "non residential building". Net ZEBs are much more energy efficient than average buildings which were built according to national construction and energy regulations. None of the leading Net ZEB examples exist without generation of PV electricity. Trends give an outlook of current and possible future combinations of technologies and passive measures for the realization of (future) net zero energy buildings. KW - Querschnittsauswertung Y1 - 2010 UR - http://proceedings.ises.org/paper/eurosun2010/eurosun2010-0080-Musall.pdf CY - Graz ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Marszal, Anna Joanna A1 - Bourelle, Julien S. A1 - Musall, Eike A1 - Heiselberg, Per A1 - Gustavsen, Arild A1 - Voss, Karsten T1 - Net Zero Energy Buildings - Calculation Methodologies versus National Building Codes T2 - EuroSun Conference 2010, Graz, 28.9-30.9.2010 N2 - The international cooperation project IEA SHC Task 40 / ECBCS Annex 52 “Towards Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings”, attempts to develop a common understanding and to set up the basis for an international definition framework of Net Zero Energy Buildings (Net ZEBs). Th e understanding of such buildings and how the Net ZEB status should be calculated differs in most countries. This paper presents an overview of Net ZEBs energy calculation methodologies proposed by organisations representing eight different countries: Austria, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Norway, Switzerland and the USA. The different parameters used in the calculations are discussed and the various renewable supply options considered in the methodologies are summarised graphically. Thus, the paper helps to understand different existing approaches to calculate energy balance in Net ZEBs, highlights the importance of variables selection and identify possible renewable energy supply options which may be considered in calculations. Finally, the gap between the methodology proposed by each organisation and their respective national building code is assessed; providing an overview of the possible changes building codes will need to undergo in the coming years. KW - Label Y1 - 2010 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266247323_Net_Zero_Energy_Buildings_-_Calculation_Methodologies_Versus_National_Building_Codes CY - Graz ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Voss, Karsten A1 - Musall, Eike A1 - Sartori, Igor A1 - Lollini, Roberto ED - Stolten, Detlef ED - Scherer, Viktor T1 - Nearly Zero, Net Zero, and Plus Energy Buildings – Theory, Terminology, Tools, and Examples T2 - Transition to renewable energy systems KW - Eigene Methodik KW - Mismatch KW - Querschnittsauswertung Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-3-527-33239-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527673872.ch41 SP - 875 EP - 889 PB - Wiley CY - Weinheim ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Voss, Karsten A1 - Sartori, Igor A1 - Napolitano, Assunta A1 - Geier, Sonja A1 - Gonzalves, Helder A1 - Hall, Monika A1 - Heiselberg, Per A1 - Widén, Joakim A1 - Candanedo, José A. A1 - Musall, Eike A1 - Karlsson, Björn A1 - Torcellini, Paul T1 - Load Matching and Grid Interaction of Net Zero Energy Buildings. EuroSun Conference 2010, Graz N2 - “Net Zero Energy Building” has become a prominent wording to describe the synergy of energy efficient building and renewable energy utilization to reach a balanced energy budget over a yearly cycle. Taking into account the energy exchange with a grid infrastructure overcomes the limitations of seasonal energy storage on-site. Even though the wording “Net Zero Energy Building” focuses on the annual energy balance, large differences may occur between solution sets in the amount of grid interaction needed to reach the goal. The paper reports on the analysis of example buildings concerning the load matching and grid interaction. Indices to describe both issues are proposed and foreseen as part of a harmonized definition framework. The work is part of subtask A of the IEA SHCP Task40/ECBCS Annex 52: “Towards Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings”. Y1 - 2010 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229043919_Load_Matching_and_Grid_Interaction_of_Net_Zero_Energy_Buildings CY - Graz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Voss, Karsten A1 - Musall, Eike A1 - Lichtmeß, Markus T1 - From Low Energy to Net Zero-Energy Buildings: Status and Perspectives JF - Journal of Green Building N2 - “Net Zero-Energy Building” has become a popular catchphrase to describe the synergy between energy-efficient building and renewable energy utilisation to achieve a balanced energy budget over an annual cycle. Taking into account the energy exchange with a grid overcomes the limitations of energy-autonomous buildings with the need for seasonal energy storage on-site. Although the expression, “Net Zero-Energy Building,” appears in many energy policy documents, a harmonised definition or a standardised balancing method is still lacking. This paper reports on the background and the various effects influencing the energy balance approach. After discussing the national energy code framework in Germany, a harmonised terminology and balancing procedure is proposed. The procedure takes not only the energy balance but also energy efficiency and load matching into account. KW - Eigene Methodik Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.6.1.46 VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 46 EP - 57 PB - College Publishing ER -