TY - CHAP A1 - Herder, Jens A1 - Brosda, Constantin A1 - Djuderija, Sascha A1 - Drochtert, Daniel A1 - Genc, Ömer A1 - Joeres, Stephan A1 - Kellerberg, Patrick A1 - Looschen, Simon A1 - Geiger, Christian A1 - Wöldecke, Björn T1 - TouchPlanVS - A Tangible Multitouch Planning System for Virtual TV Studio Productions T2 - 2011 IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces (3DUI) N2 - This article presents a new approach of integrating tangible user feedback in todays virtual TV studio productions. We describe a tangible multitouch planning system, enabling multiple users to prepare and customize scene flow and settings. Users can collaboratively view and interact with virtual objects by using a tangible user interface on a shared multitouch surface. The in a 2D setting created TV scenes are simultaneously rendered on an external monitor, using a production/target renderer in 3D. Thereby the user experiences a closer reproduction of a final production. Subsequently, users are able to join together the scenes into one complex plot. Within the developing process, a video prototype of the system shows the user interaction and enables early reviews and evaluations. The requirement analysis is based on expert interviews. KW - augmented KW - virtual realities KW - multimedia information systems KW - FHD KW - VSVR KW - Virtual (TV) Studio Y1 - 2011 UR - https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5759226 SN - 978-1-4577-0064-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/3DUI.2011.5759226 SP - 103 EP - 104 PB - IEEE CY - Singapore ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ayten, Hüseyin A1 - Herder, Jens A1 - Vonolfen, Wolfgang T1 - Visual Acceptance Evaluation of Soft Shadow Algorithms for Virtual TV Studios T2 - HC '10 Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Humans and Computers N2 - Shadows in computer graphics are an important rendering aspect for spatial objects. For realtime computer applications such as games, it is essential to represent shadows as accurate as possible. Also, various tv stations work with virtual studio systems instead of real studio sets. Especially for those systems, a realistic impression of the rendered and mixed scene is important. One challenge, hence, is the creation of a natural shadow impression. This paper presents the results of an empirical study to compare the performance and quality of different shadow mapping methods. For this test, a prototype studio renderer was developed. A percentage closer filter (pcf) with a number of specific resolutions is used to minimize the aliasing issue. More advanced algorithms which generate smooth shadows like the percentage closer soft shadow (pcss) method as well as the variance shadow maps (vsm) method are analysed. Different open source apis are used to develop the virtual studio renderer, giving the benefit of permanent enhancement. The Ogre 3D graphic engine is used to implement the rendering system, benefiting from various functions and plugins. The transmission of the tracking data is accomplished with the vrpn server/client and the Intersense api. The different shadow algorithms are compared in a virtual studio environment which also casts real shadows and thus gives a chance for a direct comparison throughout the empirical user study. The performance is measured in frames per secon KW - Virtual (TV) Studio KW - soft shadow KW - realtime rendering KW - augmented reality KW - algorithmus KW - FHD KW - experimentation KW - verification KW - VSVR Y1 - 2010 UR - https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1994505 SP - 66 EP - 71 PB - University of Aizu Press CY - Aizu-Wakamatsu ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Klapdohr, Monika A1 - Wöldecke, Björn A1 - Marinos, Dionysios A1 - Herder, Jens A1 - Geiger, Christian A1 - Vonolfen, Wolfgang T1 - Vibrotactile Pitfalls: Arm Guidance for Moderators in Virtual TV Studios T2 - HC '10 Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Humans and Computers N2 - For this study, an experimental vibrotactile feedback system was developed to help actors with the task of moving their arm to a certain place in a virtual tv studio under live conditions. Our intention is to improve interaction with virtual objects in a virtual set, which are usually not directly visible to the actor, but only on distant displays. Vibrotactile feedback might improve the appearance on tv because an actor is able to look in any desired direction (camera or virtual object) or to read text on a teleprompter while interacting with a virtual object. Visual feedback in a virtual studio lacks spatial relation to the actor, which impedes the adjustment of the desired interaction. The five tactors of the implemented system which are mounted on the tracked arm give additional information like collision, navigation and activation. The user study for the developed system shows that the duration for reaching a certain target is much longer in case no visual feedback is given, but the accuracy is similar. In this study, subjects reported that an activation signal indicating the arrival at the target of a drag & drop task was helpful. In this paper, we discuss the problems we encountered while developing such a vibrotactile display. Keeping these pitfalls in mind could lead to better feedback systems for actors in virtual studio environments. KW - vibrotactile feedback KW - Virtual (TV) Studio KW - augmented reality KW - FHD KW - VSVR Y1 - 2010 UR - https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1994506 SP - 72 EP - 80 PB - University of Aizu Press CY - Aizu-Wakamatsu ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Geiger, Christian A1 - Herder, Jens A1 - Göbel, Sebastian A1 - Heinze, Christin A1 - Marinos, Dionysios T1 - Design and Virtual Studio Presentation of a Traditional Archery Simulator T2 - Proceedings of the Entertainment Interfaces Track 2010 at Interaktive Kulturen, Duisburg, Germany, September 12-15, 2010 N2 - In this paper we describe the design of a virtual reality simulator for traditional intuitive archery. Traditional archers aim without a target figure. Good shooting results require an excellent body-eye coordination that allows the user to perform identical movements when drawing the bow. Our simulator provides a virtual archery experience and supports the user to learn and practice the motion sequence of traditional archery in a virtual environment. We use an infrared tracking system to capture the user’s movements in order to correct his movement. To provide a realistic haptic feedback a real bow is used as interaction device. Our system provides a believable user experience and supports the user to learn how to shoot in the traditional way. Following a user-centered iterative design approach we developed a number of prototypes and evaluated them for refinement in sequent iteration cycles. For illustration purposes we created a short video clip in our virtual studio about this project that presents the main ideas in an informative yet entertaining way. KW - vr archery KW - 3D interaction KW - interactive sport simulation KW - user experience KW - user-centered design KW - Lehre KW - VSVR KW - Virtual Reality Y1 - 2010 UR - https://dl.gi.de/handle/20.500.12116/7385;jsessionid=149F7CDB1184309727393899BD806939 UR - http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-634/Entertainment-Interfaces-Proceedings03.pdf SP - 37 EP - 44 CY - Duisburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Vierjahn, Tom A1 - Wöldecke, Björn A1 - Geiger, Christian A1 - Herder, Jens T1 - Improved Direction Signalization Technique Employing Vibrotactile Feedback T2 - 11th Virtual Reality International Conference, VRIC'2009 N2 - Vibrotactile feedback via body-worn vibrating belts is a common means of direction signalization - e.g. for navigational tasks. Consequently such feedback devices are used to guide blind or visually impaired people but can also be used to support other wayfinding tasks - for instance, guiding actors in virtual studio productions. Recent effort has been made to simplify this task by integrating vibrotactile feedback into virtual studio applications. In this work we evaluate the accuracy of an improved direction signalization technique, utilizing a body-worn vibrotactile belt with a limited number of tactors, and compare it to other work. The results from our user study indicate that it is possible to signalize different directions accurately, even with a small number of tactors spaced by 90°. KW - tactile feedback KW - direction signalization KW - wayfinding KW - human factors KW - FHD KW - VSVR Y1 - 2009 SN - 2-9515730-8-1 SP - 1 EP - 8 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wöldecke, Björn A1 - Vierjahn, Tom A1 - Flasko, Matthias A1 - Herder, Jens A1 - Geiger, Christian T1 - Steering actors through a virtual set employing vibro-tactile feedback T2 - TEI '09 Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Tangible and Embedded Interaction N2 - Actors in virtual studio productions are faced with the challenge that they have to interact with invisible virtual objects because these elements are rendered separately and combined with the real image later in the production process. Virtual sets typically use static virtual elements or animated objects with predefined behavior so that actors can practice their performance and errors can be corrected in the post production. With the demand for inexpensive live recording and interactive TV productions, virtual objects will be dynamically rendered at arbitrary positions that cannot be predicted by the actor. Perceptive aids have to be employed to support a natural interaction with these objects. In our work we study the effect of haptic feedback for a simple form of interaction. Actors are equipped with a custom built haptic belt and get vibrotactile feedback during a small navigational task (path following). We present a prototype of a wireless vibrotactile feedback device and a small framework for evaluating haptic feedback in a virtual set environment. Results from an initial pilot study indicate that vibrotactile feedback is a suitable non-visual aid for interaction that is at least comparable to audio-visual alternatives used in virtual set productions. KW - tactile feedback KW - interaction in virtual sets KW - navigation aids KW - FHD KW - VSVR KW - Virtual (TV) Studio Y1 - 2009 UR - https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1517703 SN - 978-1-60558-493-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/1517664.1517703 SP - 169 EP - 174 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ryskeldiev, Bektur A1 - Cohen, Michael A1 - Herder, Jens T1 - Applying rotational tracking and photospherical imagery to immersive mobile telepresence and live video streaming groupware T2 - Proceeding SA '17 SIGGRAPH Asia 2017 Mobile Graphics & Interactive Applications, Article No. 5 N2 - Mobile live video streaming is becoming an increasingly popular form of interaction both in social media and remote collaboration scenarios. However, in most cases the streamed video does not take mobile devices' spatial data into account (e.g., the viewers do not know the spatial orientation of a streamer), or use such data only in specific scenarios (e.g., to navigate around a spherical video stream). KW - spatial media KW - rotational tracking KW - mixed reality KW - live streaming KW - social media KW - telepresence KW - mobile computing KW - groupware KW - photospherical imagery Y1 - 2017 UR - https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=3132787.3132813 SN - 978-1-4503-5410-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/3132787.3132813 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herder, Jens T1 - Sound Spatialization Framework: An Audio Toolkit for Virtual Environments JF - Journal of the 3D-Forum Society N2 - The Sound Spatialization Framework is a C++ toolkit and development environment for providing advanced sound spatialization for virtual reality and multimedia applications. The Sound Spatialization Framework provides many powerful display and user-interface features not found in other sound spatialization software packages. It provides facilities that go beyond simple sound source spatialization: visualization and editing of the soundscape, multiple sinks, clustering of sound sources, monitoring and controlling resource management, support for various spatialization backends, and classes for MIDI animation and handling. Keywords: sound spatialization, resource management, virtual environments, spatial sound authoring, user interface design, human-machine interfaces KW - sound spatialization KW - resource management KW - virtual environments KW - spatial sound authoring KW - user interface design KW - human-machine interfaces Y1 - 1998 VL - 12 IS - 3 SP - 17 EP - 22 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Daemen, Jeff A1 - Herder, Jens A1 - Koch, Cornelius A1 - Ladwig, Philipp A1 - Wiche, Roman A1 - Wilgen, Kai T1 - Halbautomatische Steuerung von Kamera und Bildmischer bei Live-Übertragungen JF - Fachzeitschrift für Fernsehen, Film und Elektronische Medien N2 - Live-Video-Broadcasting mit mehreren Kameras erfordert eine Vielzahl von Fachkenntnissen. Robotersysteme ermöglichen zwar die Automatisierung von gängigen und wiederholten Tracking-Aufnahmen, diese erlauben jedoch keine kurzfristigen Anpassungen aufgrund von unvorhersehbaren Ereignissen. In diesem Beitrag wird ein modulares, automatisiertes Kamerasteuerungs- und Bildschnitt-System eingeführt, das auf grundlegenden kinematografischen Regeln basiert. Die Positionen der Akteure werden durch ein markerloses Tracking-System bereitgestellt. Darüber hinaus werden Tonpegel der Lavaliermikrofone der Akteure zur Analyse der aktuellen Szene verwendet. Ein Expertensystem ermittelt geeignete Kamerawinkel und entscheidet, wann von einer Kamera auf eine andere umgeschaltet werden soll. Eine Testproduktion wurde durchgeführt, um den entwickelten Prototyp in einem Live-Broadcast-Szenario zu beobachten und diente als Videodemonstration für eine Evaluierung. KW - Halbautomatische Roboterkamerasteuerung KW - Verfolgen von Darstellern KW - Bildmischer KW - Szenenanalyse KW - Filmregeln KW - Automatische Bildauswahl KW - Virtual (TV) Studio Y1 - 2017 N1 - Der Artikel ist eine Übersetzung von dem Konferenzbeitrag "Semi-Automatic Camera and Switcher Control for Live Broadcast", International Conference on Interactive Experiences for Television and Online Video, TVX'2016, Chicago, IL, USA, ACM, DOI=10.1145/2932206.2933559, June 22-24, 2016. IS - 11 SP - 501 EP - 505 PB - Schiele & Schön ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Paul, Felix A1 - Herder, Jens ED - Herder, Jens ED - Geiger, Christian ED - Dörner, Ralf ED - Grimm, Paul T1 - A model-based filtering approach for real-time human motion data T2 - Workshop Proceedings / Tagungsband: Virtuelle und Erweiterte Realität – 15. Workshop der GI-Fachgruppe VR/AR N2 - Acquiring human motion data from video images plays an important role in the field of computer vision. Ground truth tracking systems require markers to create high quality motion data. But in many applications it is desired to work without markers. In recent years affordable hardware for markerless tracking systems was made available at a consumer level. Efficient depth camera systems based on Time-of-Flight sensors and structured light systems have made it possible to record motion data in real time. However, the gap between the quality of marker-based and markerless systems is high. The error sources of a markerless motion tracking pipeline are discussed and a model-based filter is proposed, which adapts depending on spatial location. The proposed method is then proven to be more robust and accurate than the unfiltered data stream and can be used to visually enhance the presence of an actor within a virtual environment in live broadcast productions. KW - Virtual (TV) Studio Y1 - 2018 UR - http://vsvr.medien.hs-duesseldorf.de/publications/gi-vrar2018-filter/ SN - 978-3-8440-6215-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2370/9783844062151 SP - 37 EP - 44 PB - Shaker Verlag CY - Herzogenrath ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Deppe, Robert A1 - Nemitz, Oliver A1 - Herder, Jens ED - Herder, Jens ED - Geiger, Christian ED - Dörner, Ralf ED - Grimm, Paul T1 - Augmented reality for supporting manual non-destructive ultrasonic testing of metal pipes and plates T2 - Workshop Proceedings / Tagungsband: Virtuelle und Erweiterte Realität – 15. Workshop der GI-Fachgruppe VR/AR N2 - We describe an application of augmented reality technology for non-destructive testing of products in the metal-industry. The prototype is created with hard- and software, that is usually employed in the gaming industry, and delivers positions for creating ultra- sonic material scans (C-scans). Using a stereo camera in combination with an hmd enables realtime visualisation of the probes path, as well as the setting of virtual markers on the specimen. As a part of the implementation the downhill simplex optimization algorithm is implemented to fit the specimen to a cloud of recorded surface points. The accuracy is statistically tested and evaluated with the result, that the tracking system is accurate up to ca. 1-2 millimeters in well set-up conditions. This paper is of interest not only for research institutes of the metal-industry, but also for any areas of work, in which the enhancement with augmented reality is possible and a precise tracking is necessary. KW - Nondestructive Testing KW - Ultrasonic KW - Augmented Reality KW - Tracking KW - Stereo camera KW - M Y1 - 2018 UR - http://vsvr.medien.hs-duesseldorf.de/publications/gi-vrar2018-ar-in-ndt/ SN - 978-3-8440-6215-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2370/9783844062151 SP - 45 EP - 52 PB - Shaker Verlag CY - Herzogenrath ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Baranowski, Artur A1 - Utzig, Sebastian A1 - Fischer, Philipp A1 - Gerndt, Andreas A1 - Herder, Jens ED - Herder, Jens ED - Geiger, Christian ED - Dörner, Ralf ED - Grimm, Paul T1 - 3D spacecraft configuration using immersive AR technology T2 - Workshop Proceedings / Tagungsband: Virtuelle und Erweiterte Realität – 15. Workshop der GI-Fachgruppe VR/AR N2 - In this paper we propose an integrated immersive augmented reality solution for a software tool supporting spacecraft design and verification. The spacecraft design process relies on expertise in many domains, such as thermal and structural engineering. The various subsystems of a spacecraft are highly interdependent and have differing requirements and constraints. In this context, interactive visualizations play an important role in making expert knowledge accessible. Recent immersive display technologies offer new ways of presenting and interacting with computer-generated content. Possibilities and challenges for spacecraft configuration employing these technologies are explored and discussed. A user interface design for an application using the Microsoft HoloLens is proposed. To this end, techniques for selecting a spacecraft component and manipulating its position and orientation in 3D space are developed and evaluated. Thus, advantages and limitations of this approach to spacecraft configuration are revealed and discussed. KW - spacecraft configuration KW - human computer interaction KW - augmented reality KW - 3D user interfaces KW - HoloLens Y1 - 2018 UR - http://vsvr.medien.hs-duesseldorf.de/publications/gi-vrar2018-ar-space/ SN - 978-3-8440-6215-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2370/9783844062151 SP - 71 EP - 82 PB - Shaker Verlag CY - Herzogenrath ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ryskeldiev, Bektur A1 - Ochiai, Yoichi A1 - Cohen, Michael A1 - Herder, Jens T1 - Distributed Metaverse: Creating Decentralized Blockchain-based Model for Peer-to-peer Sharing of Virtual Spaces for Mixed Reality Applications T2 - Proceedings of the 9th Augmented Human International Conference N2 - Mixed reality telepresence is becoming an increasingly popular form of interaction in social and collaborative applications. We are interested in how created virtual spaces can be archived, mapped, shared, and reused among different applications. Therefore, we propose a decentralized blockchain-based peer-to-peer model of distribution, with virtual spaces represented as blocks. We demonstrate the integration of our system in a collaborative mixed reality application and discuss the benefits and limitations of our approach. KW - Blockchain KW - Groupware KW - Mixed Reality KW - Mobile Computing KW - Photospherical Imagery Y1 - 2018 UR - http://vsvr.medien.hs-duesseldorf.de/publications/ah2018-blockchain-streamspace-abstract.html SN - 978-1-4503-5415-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/3174910.3174952 SP - 7 EP - 9 PB - ACM ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ladwig, Philipp A1 - Herder, Jens A1 - Geiger, Christian T1 - Towards Precise, Fast and Comfortable Immersive Polygon Mesh Modelling: Capitalising the Results of Past Research and Analysing the Needs of Professionals T2 - ICAT-EGVE 2017 - International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments N2 - More than three decades of ongoing research in immersive modelling has revealed many advantages of creating objects in virtual environments. Even though there are many benefits, the potential of immersive modelling has only been partly exploited due to unresolved problems such as ergonomic problems, numerous challenges with user interaction and the inability to perform exact, fast and progressive refinements. This paper explores past research, shows alternative approaches and proposes novel interaction tools for pending problems. An immersive modelling application for polygon meshes is created from scratch and tested by professional users of desktop modelling tools, such as Autodesk Maya, in order to assess the efficiency, comfort and speed of the proposed application with direct comparison to professional desktop modelling tools. KW - Human-centered computing KW - Virtual reality KW - Interaction techniques KW - Interaction design process and methods KW - Information systems Y1 - 2017 UR - http://vsvr.medien.hs-duesseldorf.de/publications/egve2017-mod-abstract.html U6 - https://doi.org/10.2312/egve.20171360 SP - 22 EP - 24 PB - The Eurographics Association ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ballester Ripoll, Marina A1 - Herder, Jens A1 - Ladwig, Philipp A1 - Vermeegen, Kai ED - Pfeiffer, Thies ED - Fröhlich, Julia ED - Kruse, Rolf T1 - Comparison of two Gesture Recognition Sensors for Virtual TV Studios T2 - GI-VRAR, Workshop Proceedings / Tagungsband: Virtuelle und Erweiterte Realität – 13. Workshop der GI-Fachgruppe VR/AR, N2 - In order to improve the interactivity between users and computers, recent technologies focus on incorporating gesture recognition into interactive systems. The aim of this article is to evaluate the effectiveness of using a Myo control armband and the Kinect 2 for recognition of gestures in order to interact with virtual objects in a weather report scenario. The Myo armband has an inertial measurement unit and is able to read electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles, which can be recognized as gestures, which are trained by machine learning. A Kinect sensor was used to build up a dataset which contains motion recordings of 8 different gestures and was also build up by a gesture training machine learning algorithm. Both input methods, the Kinect 2 and the Myo armband, were evaluated with the same interaction patterns in a user study, which allows a direct comparison and reveals benefits and limits of each technique. KW - Gesture recognition KW - Interaction KW - Kinect KW - Myo KW - Virtual (TV) Studio KW - Lehre Y1 - 2016 UR - http://vsvr.medien.hs-duesseldorf.de/publications/gi-vrar2016-gesture-abstract.html SN - 978-3-8440-4718-9 PB - Shaker Verlag CY - Herzogenrath ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Daemen, Jeff A1 - Herder, Jens A1 - Koch, Cornelius A1 - Ladwig, Philipp A1 - Wiche, Roman A1 - Wilgen, Kai T1 - Semi-Automatic Camera and Switcher Control for Live Broadcast T2 - TVX '16 Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Interactive Experiences for TV and Online Video, Chicago, Illinois, USA — June 22 - 24, 2016 N2 - Live video broadcasting requires a multitude of professional expertise to enable multi-camera productions. Robotic systems allow the automation of common and repeated tracking shots. However, predefined camera shots do not allow quick adjustments when required due to unpredictable events. We introduce a modular automated robotic camera control and video switch system, based on fundamental cinematographic rules. The actors' positions are provided by a markerless tracking system. In addition, sound levels of actors' lavalier microphones are used to analyse the current scene. An expert system determines appropriate camera angles and decides when to switch from one camera to another. A test production was conducted to observe the developed prototype in a live broadcast scenario and served as a video-demonstration for an evaluation. KW - automated robotic camera system KW - actor tracking KW - switcher control KW - scene analysis KW - film rules KW - automated shot control KW - Virtual (TV) Studio Y1 - 2016 UR - http://vsvr.medien.hs-duesseldorf.de/publications/tvx2016-rob-abstract.html SN - 978-1-4503-4067-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/2932206.2933559 SP - 129 EP - 134 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Burga, Jose A1 - Daemen, Jeff A1 - Djuderija, Sascha A1 - Gnehr, Maren A1 - Goossens, Lars A1 - Hartz, Sven A1 - Haufs-Brusberg, Peter A1 - Herder, Jens A1 - Ibrahim, Mohammed A1 - Koop, Nikolas A1 - Leske, Christophe A1 - Meyer, Laurid A1 - Müller, Antje A1 - Salgert, Björn A1 - Schroeder, Richard A1 - Thiele, Simon T1 - Four Metamorphosis States in a Distributed Virtual (TV) Studio: Human, Cyborg, Avatar, and Bot T2 - 10th International Conference on Visual Media Production (CVMP 2013), London N2 - The major challenge in virtual studio technology is the interaction between the actor and virtual objects. Within a distributed live production, two locally separated markerless tracking systems where used simultaneously alongside a virtual studio. The production was based on a fully tracked actor, cyborg (half actor, half graphics), avatar, and a bot. All participants could interact and throw a virtual disc. This setup is compared and mapped to Milgram’s continuum and technical challenges are described. KW - TV KW - Distributed Virtual KW - Studio KW - Human KW - Cyborg KW - Avatar KW - Bot KW - VSVR Y1 - 2013 CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Herder, Jens A1 - Büntig, Fabian A1 - Daemen, Jeff A1 - Lang, Jaroslaw A1 - Lück, Florian A1 - Säger, Mitja A1 - Sörensen, Roluf A1 - Hermanni, Markus A1 - Vonolfen, Wolfgang T1 - Subtle Animations using Talent Tracking in a Virtual (TV) Studio T2 - 17th International Conference on Human and Computer N2 - Markerless talent tracking is widely used for interactions and animations within virtual environments. In a virtual (tv) studio talents could be overburden by interaction tasks because camera and text require extensive attention. We take a look into animations and inter- actions within a studio, which do not require any special attention or learning. We show the generation of an artificial shadow from a talent, which ease the keying process, where separation of real shadows from the background is a difficult task. We also demonstrate animations of footsteps and dust. Furthermore, capturing talents’ height can also be used to adjust the parameters of elements in the virtual environment, like the position and scaling of a virtual display. In addition to the talents, a rigid body was tracked as placeholder for graphics, easing the interaction tasks for a talent. Two test productions show the possibilities, which subtle animations offer. In the second production, the rendering was improved (shadows, filtering, normal maps, ...) and instead of using the rigid body to move an object (a flag), the animation was only controlled by the hand’s position. KW - talent tracking KW - virtual studios KW - realtime animations KW - FHD KW - Virtual (TV) Studio Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-16009 UR - http://vsvr.medien.hs-duesseldorf.de/publications/hc2014-subtle-animations-abstract.html CY - Hamamatsu/Aizu-Wakamatsu/Duesseldorf ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Herder, Jens A1 - Wilke, Michael A1 - Heimbach, Julia A1 - Göbel, Sebastian A1 - Marinos, Dionysios T1 - Simple Actor Tracking for Virtual TV Studios Using a Photonic Mixing Device T2 - 12th International Conference on Human and Computer N2 - Virtual TV studios use actor tracking systems for resolving the occlusion of computer graphics and studio camera image. The actor tracking delivers the distance between actor and studio camera. We deploy a photonic mixing device, which captures a depth map and a luminance image at low resolution. The renderer engines gets one depth value per actor using the OSC protocol. We describe the actor recognition algorithm based on the luminance image and the depth value calculation. We discuss technical issues like noise and calibration. KW - actor tracking KW - photonic mixing device KW - virtual studio KW - video processing KW - FHD KW - VSVR Y1 - 2009 CY - Hamamatsu / Aizu-Wakamatsu / Düsseldorf ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Garbe, Katharina A1 - Herbst, Iris A1 - Herder, Jens T1 - Spatial Audio for Augmented Reality T2 - 10th International Conference on Human and Computer N2 - Using spatial audio successfully for augmented reality (AR) applications is a challenge, but is awarded with an improved user experience. Thus, we have extended the AR/VR framework \sc Morgan with spatial audio to improve users orientation in an AR application. In this paper, we investigate the users’ capability to localize and memorize spatial sounds (registered with virtual or real objects). We discuss two scenarios. In the first scenario, the user localizes only sound sources and in the second scenario the user memorizes the location of audio-visual objects. Our results reflect spatial audio performance within the application domain and show which technology pitfalls still exist. Finally, we provide design recommendations for spatial audio AR environments. KW - spatial audio KW - augmented reality KW - sound interaction KW - FHD KW - VSVR Y1 - 2007 SP - 53 EP - 58 CY - Düsseldorf, Aizu-Wakamatsu ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rattay, Oliver A1 - Geiger, Christian A1 - Herder, Jens A1 - Goebbels, Gernot A1 - Nikitin, Igor ED - Gausemeier, Jürgen ED - Grafe, Michael T1 - Zweihändige Interaktion in VR-Umgebungen T2 - Augmented & Virtual Reality in der Produktentstehung N2 - Einfach benutzbare VR-Anwendungen erfordern andere Interaktionstechniken als konventionelle Desktop-Anwendungen mit Maus, Tastatur und Desktop-Metapher zur Verfügung stellen. Da solche Ansätze in Konzeption und Realisierung deutlicher komplexer sind, müssen diese mit Sorgfalt ausgewählt werden. Folgt man der Argumentation, dass VR eine natürliche Interaktion mit virtuellen Objekten ermöglicht, so führt dies fast zwangsläufig zu zweihändigen Interaktionstechniken für virtuelle Umgebungen, da Benutzer in realen Umgebungen gewohnt sind, fast ausschlieï‚lich zweihändig zu agieren. In diesem Beitrag geben wir eine Übersicht über den Stand der Technik im Bereich zweihändiger Interaktion, leiten Anforderungen an eine Entwicklung zweihändiger Interaktionstechniken in VR ab und beschreiben einen eigenen Ansatz. Dabei geht es um die zweihändige Interaktion bei der Simulation flexibler biegeschlaffer Bauteile (z. B. Schlauchverbindungen). KW - 3D Interaktion KW - Zweihändige Eingabe KW - Simulation biegeschlaffer Objekte KW - FHD KW - VSVR Y1 - 2007 SN - 978-3-939350-28-6 VL - 209 SP - 315 EP - 332 PB - Heinz Nixdorf Institut, Universität Paderborn CY - Paderborn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Juttner, Carsten A1 - Herder, Jens T1 - Lighting an Interactive Scene in Real-time with a GPU and Video Textures JF - Journal of the 3D-Forum Society N2 - The presentation of virtual environments in real time has always been a demanding task. Specially designed graphics hardware is necessary to deal with the large amounts of data these applications typically produce. For several years the chipsets that were used allowed only simple lighting models and fixed algorithms. But recent development has produced new graphics processing units (GPUs) that are much faster and more programmable than their predecessors. This paper presents an approach to take advantage of these new features. It uses a video texture as part of the lighting calculations for the passenger compartment of a virtual train and was run on the GPU of a recent PC graphics card. The task was to map the varying illumination of a filmed landscape onto the virtual objects and also onto another video texture (showing two passengers), thereby enhancing the realism of the scene. KW - graphics processing unit KW - shader programming KW - video textures KW - virtual prototyping KW - FHD KW - VSVR Y1 - 2006 VL - 20 IS - 1 SP - 22 EP - 28 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Herder, Jens A1 - Wörzberger, Ralf A1 - Juttner, Carsten A1 - Twelker, Uwe ED - Gausemeier, Jürgen ED - Grafe, Michael T1 - Verwendung von Grafikkarten-Prozessoren (GPUs) für eine interaktive Produktvisualisierung in Echtzeit unter Verwendung von Shadern und Videotexturen T2 - Augmented and Virtual Reality in der Produktentstehung N2 - Die Visualisierung von Produkten in Echtzeit ist in vielen Bereichen ein hilfreicher Schritt, um potentiellen Kunden eine Vorstellung vom Einsatzgebiet und einen Überblick über die finale Anwendung zu erlauben. In den letzten Jahren haben neue Technologien in der Grafikkartenindustrie dazu geführt, dass früher nur auf teuren Grafikworkstations verfügbare Möglichkeiten nun auch mit relativ kostengünstigen Karten, welche für den Einsatz in Standard-PCs konzipiert wurden, realisierbar sind. Es wird an einem Modellentwurf des Innenraums des People Cargo Movers gezeigt, wie die Beleuchtung innerhalb einer Echtzeitvisualisierung durch Shader realisiert werden kann. Als Lichtquelle wird dabei eine Landschaftsaufnahme herangezogen, welche als eine von mehreren Videotexturen eingebunden wurde. Außerdem werden real im virtuellen Studio gefilmte Personen im Innenraum gleichermaï‚en über Videotexturen dargestellt und ebenfalls durch die Landschaft beleuchtet. KW - 3D-Echtzeitrendering KW - GPU KW - shader KW - Video Texturen KW - virtual prototyping KW - Echtzeitanwendung KW - FHD KW - VSVR Y1 - 2005 VL - 167 SP - 23 EP - 36 PB - Heinz Nixdorf Institut, Universität Paderborn CY - Paderborn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Novotny, Tom A1 - Jaensch, Kai A1 - Herder, Jens T1 - A Database Driven and Virtual Reality supported Environment for Marketing Studies JF - Journal of the 3D-Forum Society N2 - In today’s market research mechanisms multi modal technologies are significant tools to perform flexible and price efficient studies for not only consumer products but also consumer goods. Current appraisal mechanisms in combination with applied computer graphics can improve the assessment of a product’s launch in the very early design phase or an innovation process. The combination of online questionnaires, Virtual Reality (VR) applications and a database management system offers a powerful tool to let a consumer judge products as well as innovated goods even without having produced a single article. In this paper we present an approach of consumer good studies consisting of common as well as interactive VR product presentations and online questionnaires bases on a bidirectional database management solution to configure and manage numerous studies, virtual sets, goods and participants in an effective way to support the estimation of the received data. Non-programmers can create their test environment including a VR scenario very quickly without any effort. Within the extensive knowledge of consumer goods, marketing instruments can be defined to shorten and improve the rollout process in the early product stages. KW - virtual environments KW - databases KW - marketing studies KW - FHD KW - VSVR Y1 - 2005 VL - 19 IS - 4 SP - 95 EP - 101 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Herder, Jens T1 - Matching Light for Virtual Studio TV Productions T2 - 9th International Conference on Human and Computer N2 - High dynamic range environments maps based on still images or video streams are used for computer animation or interactive systems. The task of realistic light setup of scenes using captured environment maps might be eased as well as the visual quality improves. In this article, we discuss the light setting problem for virtual studio (tv) layout and system become more complex to handle this new feature of studio light capturing. The analysis of system requirements identifies the technical challenges. KW - VSVR KW - Animation KW - Virtual (TV) Studio Y1 - 2006 SP - 158 EP - 162 CY - Aizu-Wakamatsu ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Herder, Jens A1 - Jaensch, Kai A1 - Garbe, Katharina ED - Gausemeier, Jürgen ED - Grafe, Michael T1 - Haptische Interaktionen in Testumgebungen für Produktpräsentation in Virtuellen Umgebungen T2 - Augmented and Virtual Reality in der Produktentstehung N2 - Durch den vermehrten Einsatz von multimedialen Technologien werden in der Marktforschung die Möglichkeiten der Durchführung flexibler und kostengünstiger Studien gegeben. In sehr frühen Phasen des Innovationsprozesses als Teil der Marktforschung können durch Einsatz von Virtuellen Umgebungen die Markteinführungskonzepte für neue Produkte getestet werden. Mittels Anwendungen der Virtuellen Realität können neue Produkte einschlieï‚lich des Marketingkonzeptes auch haptisch getestet werden, ohne dass dieses Produkt bereits physisch vorhanden sein muss. Informationen werden dem Benutzer in Virtuellen Umgebungen hauptsächlich visuell und ergänzend auditiv übermittelt. Verbreitete Benutzerschnittstellen sind Interaktionsgeräte wie Stylus und Wand. Durch die haptische Wahrnehmung werden Informationen menschengerechter, effektiver und intuitiver wahrgenommen. Objekte in einer virtuellen Umgebung können durch den Einsatz haptischer Interaktionsgeräte ertastet und erfühlt werden und machen dadurch eine differenziertere Beurteilung und Einschätzung durch den Benutzer eben dieser Objekte möglich. Der Fokus des vorliegenden Projektes liegt daher auf der interaktiven haptischen Produktpräsentation in einer virtuellen Einkaufsumgebung, die in Online-Befragungen mit zusätzlichen Werbefilmen eingebettet ist. Als Nebenprodukt wurde das Werkzeug Open Inventor um Knoten zur Modellierung von haptischen Szeneneigenschaften erweitert. KW - Haptik KW - Virtuelle Umgebungen KW - Interaktion KW - Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation KW - Testumgebung KW - Produkttest KW - FHD KW - VSVR Y1 - 2006 SN - 3-939350-07-9 VL - 188 SP - 87 EP - 99 PB - Heinz Nixdorf Institut, Universität Paderborn CY - Paderborn ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Herder, Jens A1 - Kronenwett, Ralf A1 - Lambertz, Simone A1 - Kiefer, Georg A1 - Freihoff, Johann ED - Heinecke, A. M. ED - Paul, H. T1 - Interaktive Echtzeit-3D-Visualisierung Webbasierte Darstellung: Mobilisierung und Homing von Blutstammzellen T2 - Mensch and Computer 2006: Mensch und Computer im Struktur Wandel N2 - Die interaktive Echtzeit 3D-Visualisierung Mobilisierung und Homing von Blutstammzellen wurde konzipiert, um ein sehr komplexes medizinisches Wissen mit den Mitteln der 3-dimensionalen Visualisierung in Echtzeit und des Internets sowie der daraus resultierenden Interaktivität aufzubereiten. Dies musste auf einer Ebene geschehen, die es hinterher auch jedem Nicht-Mediziner erlaubt, die grundlegenden biologischen und medizinischen Sachverhalte nachzuvollziehen. Das Resultat: Eine informative und didaktische Anwendung, aus einer Mischung von interaktiven 3D-Stationen und erklärenden 3D-Animationen. Diskutiert werden die Methodik der Konzeptionsphase und die Interaktionstechniken. KW - Interaktionsmodellierung KW - Visualisierung KW - Immersion KW - Visualisierung KW - eLearning KW - Blutstammzellen KW - Lehre KW - VSVR KW - Virtual Reality Y1 - 2006 SP - 405 EP - 409 PB - Oldenbourg Verlag CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Myszkowski, Karol A1 - Herder, Jens A1 - Kunii, Tosiyasu L. A1 - Ibusuki, Masumi T1 - Visualization and analysis of occlusion for human jaws using a "functionally generated path" T2 - IS&T/SPIE Symp. on Electronic Imaging, Visual Data Exploration and Analysis III N2 - Dynamic characteristics of occlusion during lower jaw motion are useful in the diagnosis of jaw articulation problems and in computer-aided design/manufacture of teeth restorations. The Functionally Generated Path (FGP), produced as a surface which envelops the actual occlusal surface of the moving opponent jaw, can be used for compact representation of dynamic occlusal relations. In traditional dentistry FGP is recorded as a bite impression in a patient’s mouth. We propose an efficient computerized technique for FGP reconstruction and validate it through implementation and testing. The distance maps between occlusal surfaces of jaws, calculated for multiple projection directions and accumulated for mandibular motion, provide information for FGP computation. Rasterizing graphics hardware is used for fast calculation of the distance maps. Real-world data are used: the scanned shape of teeth and the measured motion of the lower jaw. We show applications of FGP to analysis of the occlusion relations and occlusal surface design for restorations. Y1 - 1996 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.234684 SP - 360 EP - 367 PB - The International Society for Optical Engineering CY - San Jose ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hesse, Jan A1 - König, Rainer A1 - Logi, Filippo A1 - Herder, Jens T1 - A Prototype of an Interface Builder for the Common Lisp Interface Manager - CLIB JF - ACM Sigplan Notices N2 - The Common Lisp Interface Manager (CLIM) is used to develop graphical user interfaces for Lisp-basedapplications. With the prototype of the CLIM interface Builder (CLIB) the programmer can generate code for CLIM interactively. The developing process will be fast and less prone to errors. With this new tool, the interactive rapid prototyping reduces costs of a specification phase. Here we present the concept and first results of the prototype of CLIB. Y1 - 1993 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/163114.163116 VL - 28 IS - 8 SP - 19 EP - 28 PB - Forschungszentrum Informatik (FZI), Technical Expert Systems and Robotics ER - TY - GEN A1 - Herder, Jens T1 - Konzeption, Implementierung und Integration einer Komponente zur inkrementellen Bezeichner- und Operatoranalyse innerhalb des PSGs N2 - Der Programmier System Generator - PSG - des Fachgebiets Praktische Informatik in Darmstadt erzeugt aus einer Sprachdefinition eine sprachspezifische Programmierumgebung. Diese besteht u. a. aus einem Editor, welcher syntaktische und semantische Fehler von Programmfragmenten, die nicht vollständig sein müssen, erkennen kann. Dem Benutzer werden per Menü Fehlerkorrekturen angeboten. Neben der freien Texteingabe besteht die Möglichkeit, den Text nur mit Hilfe von Menüs zu verfeinern. Teil dieses Editors ist die Bezeichneranalyse. Sie dient als Hilfsmittel für den Benutzer, indem für jede Stelle eines Programmfragmentes die gültigen Bezeichner ausgegeben werden können. Die Kontextanalyse setzt die Berechnung auf den von der Bezeichneranalyse erzeugten Daten auf, um semantische Fehler zu erkennen. Die bis zu dieser Arbeit verwendete Bezeichneranalyse im PSG unterstützt nur einfache Sprachkonzepte (z. B. Fortran und Pascal). Die Gültigkeitskonzepte der Bezeichner von weiterentwickelten Sprachen (z. B. Modula-2, CHILL, Ada oder Pascal-XT) sind nicht vollständig modellierbar. Wir stellen ein neues Konzept zur Definition und Berechnung der Bezeichneranalyse vor, das alle uns bekannten Sprachen mit statischer Typbindung unterstützt. Hierfür haben wir die Sprache BIS - Bezeichneridentifikationssprache - definiert. Die Methode ist verwandt mid dem Zwischencode für geordnete Attributierte Grammatiken. Für jeden Knoten des Abstrakten Syntaxbaumes wird mit Hilfe von BIS ein Code für eine abstrakte Maschine, welche die Bezeichneranalyse durchführt, geschrieben. Im Gegensatz zu herkömlichen Methoden (verkettete Symboltabellen) wird für jeden Punkt innerhalb eines Programmes for der Anfrage durch den Benutzer oder der Kontextanalyse die Menge der gültigen Bezeichner berechnet. Die Kosten für eine Anfrage sind dadurch minimal. Diese abstrakte Maschine teilt sich in zwei unabhängige Maschinen auf, zum einen in die S-Maschine, die die speziellen Operationen der Bezeichneranalyse durchführt, und zum anderen in die G-Maschine, die den Datenfluss und die Auswertung steuert. Diese Aufteilung ermöglicht den Austausch der S-Maschine durch eine andere, welche neue Anwendungsgebiete erschliesst, z. B. die eines Praeprozessors. Die G-Maschine arbeitet inkrementell; es werden nur die Codeschablonen neu ausgewertet, deren geerbten Attribute sich geändert haben. Dazu müssen die Daten, die in einer Codeschablone hinein- und hinausfliessen, abgelegt werden. Dies ergibt bei grossen Programmfragmenten eine immense Rechenzeiteinsparung auf Kosten des Speicherplatzes. Die Funktionsweise wird an einer kleinen Beispielsprache demonstriert, die zu Pascal ähnlich ist. Diese besitzt Konstrukte zum Import und Export von Daten und Datentypen zwischen Programmfragmenten. Im Prototyp kann die inkrementelle Arbeitsweise abgeschaltet werden und ermöglicht einen guten Vergleich der Verfahren. T2 - Specification, Implementation and Integration of a Module for Incremental Identifier and Operator Analysis in the PSG (Programming System Generator) KW - Februar Y1 - 1992 CY - Darmstadt ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Herder, Jens T1 - Specification and Implementration of a Texture Synthesis Language N2 - Texturen können als Oberflächenstrukturen realer Objekt aufgefasst werden und sind Variationen in Farbe, Geometrie, Transparenz, usw.. Im Gegensatz zu Algorithmen für die künstliche Generierung von Texturen gibt es nur wenige Ansätze zu Textur-Synthese-Sprachen oder zu Hilfsmittel für die Textur-Beschreibung. Die bekannten Werkzeuge decken zudem jeweils nur Teilgebiete der Generierung ab. Mit HiLDTe (Hierachical Language for the Description of Textures) ist nun eine Sprache entwickelt worden, mit der möglichst alle bekannten Texturtypen beschrieben werden können. HiLDTe basiert auf einem am Fachgebiet GRIS entwickelten Texturmodell, in dem Texturen generische, eventuell komplex zusammengesetzte Objekte repräsentieren. Aufgabe dieser Arbeit war es nun, Konzepte für die Sprache HiLDTe zu entwickeln, eine entsprechende Grammatik aufzubauen und mit Hilfe der UNIX-Werkzeuge LEX und YACC einen Compiler zu implementieren, mit dem ein ausführbarer Zwischen-Code für die in HiLDTe spezifizierten Texturen erstellt wird. Y1 - 1990 PB - Technische Hochschule Darmstadt CY - Darmstadt ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Myszkowski, Karol A1 - Okuneva, Galina A1 - Herder, Jens A1 - Kunii, Tosiyasu L. A1 - Ibusuki, Masumi T1 - Visual Simulation of the Chewing Process for Dentistry T2 - Visualization & Modelling, International Conf., 5-7 December, 1995 N2 - CAD/CAM techniques are increasingly used in dentistry for the design and fabrication of teeth restorations. Important concerns are the correction of articulation problems that existed beforetreatment and the prevention of treatment-generated problems. These require interactive evaluation of the occlusal surfaces of teeth during mastication. Traditional techniques based on the use of casts with mechanical articulators require manual adjustment of occlusal surfaces, which becomes impractical when hard restoration materials like porcelain are used; they are also time and labor consuming and provide little visual information. We present new visual tools and a related user interface for global articulation simulation, developed for the Intelligent Dental Care System project. The aim of the simulation is visual representation of characteristics relevant to the chewing process. The simulation is based on the construction of distance maps, which are visual representations of the distributions of the distances of points in a tooth to the opposite jaw. We use rasterizing graphics hardware for fast calculation of the distance maps. Distance maps are used for collision detection and for the derivation of various characteristics showing the distribution of load on the teeth and the chewing capability of the teeth. Such characteristics can be calculated for particular positions of the jaws; cumulative characteristics are used to describe the properties of jaw movement. This information may be used for interactive design of the occlusal surfaces of restorations and for jaw articulation diagnosis. We also demonstrate elements of a user interface that exploit metaphors familiar to dentists from everyday practice. Y1 - 1995 CY - Leeds ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kunii, Tosiyasu L. A1 - Herder, Jens A1 - Myszkowski, Karol A1 - Okunev, Oleg A1 - Okuneva, Galina A1 - Ibusuki, Masumi T1 - Articulation Simulation for an Intelligent Dental Care System JF - Displays N2 - CAD/CAM techniques are used increasingly in dentistry for design and fabrication of teeth restorations. An important issue is preserving occlusal contacts of teeth after restoration. Traditional techniques based on the use of casts with mechanical articulators require manual adjustment of occlusal surface, which becomes impractical when hard restoration materials like porcelain are used; they are also time and labor consuming. Most existing computer systems ignore completely such an articulation check, or perform the check at the level of a tooth and its immediate neighbors. We present a new mathematical model and a related user interface for global articulation simulation, developed for the Intelligent Dental Care System project. The aim of the simulation is elimination of the use of mechanical articulators and manual adjustment in the process of designing dental restorations and articulation diagnostic. The mathematical model is based upon differential topological modeling of the jawbs considered as a mechanical system. The user interface exploits metaphors that are familiar to dentists from everyday practice. A new input device designed specifically for use with articulation simulation is proposed. Y1 - 1994 VL - 15 IS - 3 SP - 181 EP - 188 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schirrwagen, Jochen A1 - Herder, Jens A1 - Uwe Möbius, Michael A1 - Regulski, Katharina T1 - Charakteristiken einer netzgestützten wissenschaftlichen Kommunikation und Umsetzung in Infrastruktur und Publikationsformen T2 - German e-Science Conference 2007 N2 - Neue Formen der wissenschaftlichen Kommunikation basieren auf Fortschritten in den Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien. Das dadurch mögliche kollaborative wissenschaftliche Arbeiten liefert Ergebnisse, die in vielfältigen Formaten, als Text, Simulationsdaten oder multimediale Elemente vorliegen. Daraus ergeben sich besondere Anforderungen an Publikations- und Kommunikatonsinfrastrukturen, wie Interoperabilität, Repräsentation, Verteilung und Archivierung derartiger komplexer digitaler Objekte. Mit der Initiative Digital Peer Publishing existiert eine Infrastruktur für das Publizieren in elektronischen Zeitschriften. Dieses Publikationsformat erlaubt neben einem schnellen Wissenstransfer eine umfassende Repräsentation wissenschaftlicher Ergebnisse. Das Journal of Virtual Reality and Broadcasting als Teil dieser Initiative zeigt am Beispiel des elektronischen Publikationsprozesses den Stand der Wissensvernetzung in seiner Community, sowie aktuelle Entwicklungen um die Erweiterung innovativer Funktionen. KW - Kommunikationstechnologie KW - E-Science KW - E-Science KW - Knowledge Networking KW - FHD KW - VSVR Y1 - 2007 CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Struchholz, Holger A1 - Herder, Jens A1 - Leckschat, Dieter T1 - Sound radiation simulation of musical instruments based on interpolation and filtering of multi-channel recordings JF - Journal of the 3D-Forum Society N2 - With the virtual environment developed here, the characteristic sound radiation patterns of musical instruments can be experienced in real-time. The user may freely move around a musical instrument, thereby receiving acoustic and visual feedback in real-time. The perception of auditory and visual effects is intensified by the combination of acoustic and visual elements, as well as the option of user interaction. The simulation of characteristic sound radiation patterns is based on interpolating the intensities of a multichannel recording and offers a near-natural mapping of the sound radiation patterns. Additionally, a simple filter has been developed, enabling the qualitative simulation of an instrument’s characteristic sound radiation patterns to be easily implemented within real-time 3D applications. Both methods of simulating sound radiation patterns have been evaluated for a saxophone with respect to their functionality and validity by means of spectral analysis and an auditory experiment. KW - sound radiation pattern KW - audio interpolation KW - audio filtering KW - FHD KW - VSVR Y1 - 2006 VL - 20 IS - 1 SP - 41 EP - 47 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Herder, Jens A1 - Jaensch, Kai A1 - Horst, Bruno A1 - Novotny, Thomas ED - Gausemeier, Jürgen ED - Grafe, Michael T1 - Testmärkte in einer Virtuellen Umgebung - Die Bestimmung von Preisabsatzfunktionen zur Unterstützung des Innovationsmanagements T2 - Augmented and Virtual Reality in der Produktentstehung N2 - Multimediale Technologien werden in der Marktforschung immer stärker eingesetzt, um flexible und kostengünstige Studien durchzuführen. Im Innovationsprozess kann dabei auf die langjährigen Erfahrungen zurückgegriffen werden, die durch den Einsatz der Computersimulation in der technischen Produktentwicklung zustande gekommen sind. In sehr frühen Phasen des Innovationsprozesses können durch Einsatz der neuen Technologien die Markteinführungskonzepte für neue Produkte getestet werden. Die Applikationen der virtuellen Realität bieten ein einzigartiges Potential, neue Produkte einschlieï‚lich des Marketingkonzeptes zu testen, ohne dass dieses Produkt bereits physisch vorhanden sein muss. Am Beispiel eines Elementes des Marketingkonzeptes, der Preispolitik, zeigt die vorliegende Studie auf, welches Potential die virtuelle Kaufsituation von Produkten bietet. Der Fokus des Projektes liegt auf der interaktiven Produktpräsentation in einer virtuellen Umgebung, die in eine Online-Befragung mit zusätzlichen Werbefilmen eingebettet ist. Visuell hochwertige 3D-Produktpräsentationen versetzen den Probanden in eine virtuelle Einkaufsumgebung, die einem realen Szenario entspricht. Die virtuellen Produkte werden in mehreren Kaufentscheidungsrunden zu unterschiedlichen Preisen angeboten. Der Preisuntersuchung geht eine Präsentation ausgewählter Werbespots sowie eine produktbezogene Befragung voraus. Im Anschluss an die virtuellen Preisentscheidungen werden die Eindrücke sowie einige Kontrollgröen abgefragt. In weitergehenden Studien dieser Art können die Wirkungen mehrerer Marketing-Instrumente zu einem Zeitpunkt untersucht werden, in dem sich die Produkte noch im Entwicklungsprozess befinden. Auf diesem Weg lassen sich auch Wettbewerbsvorteile bestehender Produkte effizienter erkennen und nutzen. Mit den hoch entwickelten Computer- und Visualisierungstechnologien ist ein mächtiges Werkzeug entstanden, das bereits für kommerzielle Präsentationen und Produktstudien eingesetzt wird. Zukünftig kann es auch in Kombination mit Internetanwendungen und klassischen Methoden der Marktforschung zu einem sehr frühen Zeitpunkt umfassende Erkenntnisse über ein Produkt liefern. KW - Virtuelle Umgebungen KW - 3D-Rendering KW - Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation KW - Innovationsmanagement KW - Preisabsatzfunktion KW - Testmarkt KW - Produkttest KW - Markteinführungskonzept KW - FHD KW - VSVR Y1 - 2004 SN - 3-935433-58-1 VL - 149 SP - 97 EP - 110 PB - Heinz Nixdorf Institut, Universität Paderborn CY - Paderborn ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Herder, Jens A1 - Vonolfen, Wolfgang A1 - Griesert, Arnfried A1 - Heuer, Stefan A1 - Hoffmann, Ansgar A1 - Höppner, Bernd T1 - Interactive Virtual Set Applications for Post Production T2 - University of Aizu 2004 – Seventh International Conference on Human N2 - Virtual set environments for broadcasting become more sophisticated as well as the visual quality improves. Realtime interaction and production-specific visualization implemented through plugin mechanism enhance the existing systems like the 3DK. This work presents the integration of the Intersense IS-900 SCT camera tracking and 3D interaction into the 3DK virtual studio environment. The main goal of this work is the design of a virtual studio environment for post productions, which includes video output as well as media streaming formats such as MPEG-4. The systems allows high quality offline rendering during post production and 3D interaction by the moderator during the recording. KW - interaction KW - tracking KW - virtual set environments KW - Virtual (TV) Studio KW - post production KW - MPEG-4 KW - FHD KW - VSVR Y1 - 2004 CY - Aizu-Wakamatsu ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Griesert, Arnfried A1 - Walczak, Oliver A1 - Herder, Jens T1 - Interactive Realtime Terrain Visualization for Virtual Set Applications JF - Journal of the 3D-Forum Society N2 - Virtual set environments for broadcasting become more sophisticated as well as the visual quality improves. Realtime interaction and production-specific visualization implemented through plugin mechanism enhance the existing systems like the virtual studio software 3DK. This work presents an algorithm which can dynamically manage textures of high resolution by prefetching them depending on their requirement in memory and map them on a procedural mesh in realtime. The main goal application of this work is the virtual representation of a flight over a landscape as part of weather reports in virtual studios and the interaction by the moderator. KW - 3D KW - VSVR KW - Virtual (TV) Studio Y1 - 2003 VL - 17 IS - 4 SP - 20 EP - 26 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Herder, Jens A1 - Novotny, Thomas T1 - Spatial Sound Design and Interaction for Virtual Environments in the Promotion of Architectural Designs T2 - Third International Workshop on Spatial Media N2 - Virtual environment walkthrough applications are generally enhanced by a user’s interactions within a simulated architectural space, but the enhancement that stems from changes in spatial sound that are coupled with a user’s behavior are particularly important, especially within regard to creating a sense of place. When accompanied by stereoscopic image synthesis, spatial sound can immerse the user in a high-realism virtual copy of the real world. An advanced virtual environment that allow users to change realtime rendering features with a few manipulations has been shown to enable switching between different versions of a modeled space while maintaining sensory immersion. This paper reports on an experimental project in which an architectural model is being integrated into such an interactive virtual environment. The focus is on the spatial sound design for supporting interaction, including demonstrations of both the possibilities and limitations of such applications in presenting and promoting architectural designs, as well as in three-dimensional sketching. KW - spatial sound design KW - sketching KW - interaction KW - virtual environments KW - architectural design KW - interactive walkthrough KW - design review KW - VSVR Y1 - 2003 SP - 7 EP - 11 CY - Aizu-Wakamatsu ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herder, Jens A1 - Cohen, Michael T1 - The Helical Keyboard: Perspectives for Spatial Auditory Displays and Visual Music JF - Journal of New Music Research N2 - Auditory displays with the ability to dynamically spatialize virtual sound sources under real-time conditions enable advanced applications for art and music. A listener can be deeply immersed while interacting and participating in the experience. We review some of those applications while focusing on the Helical Keyboard project and discussing the required technology. Inspired by the cyclical nature of octaves and helical structure of a scale, a model of a piano-style keyboard was prepared, which was then geometrically warped into a helicoidal configuration, one octave/revolution, pitch mapped to height and chroma. It can be driven by MIDI events, real-time or sequenced, which stream is both synthesized and spatialized by a spatial sound display. The sound of the respective notes is spatialized with respect to sinks, avatars of the human user, by default in the tube of the helix. Alternative coloring schemes can be applied, including a color map compatible with chromastereoptic eyewear. The graphical display animates polygons, interpolating between the notes of a chord across the tube of the helix. Recognition of simple chords allows directionalization of all the notes of a major triad from the position of its musical root. The system is designed to allow, for instance, separate audition of harmony and melody, commonly played by the left and right hands, respectively, on a normal keyboard. Perhaps the most exotic feature of the interface is the ability to fork oneís presence, replicating subject instead of object by installing multiple sinks at arbitrary places around a virtual scene so that, for example, harmony and melody can be separately spatialized, using two heads to normalize the octave; such a technique effectively doubles the helix from the perspective of a single listener. Rather than a symmetric arrangement of the individual helices, they are perceptually superimposed in-phase, co-extensively, so that corresponding notes in different registers are at the same azimuth. KW - 3D audio KW - virtual reality KW - computer music KW - spatialization KW - spatial media KW - visual music KW - VSVR Y1 - 2002 VL - 31 IS - 3 SP - 269 EP - 281 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herder, Jens A1 - Wörzberger, Ralf A1 - Twelker, Uwe A1 - Albertz, Stefan T1 - Use of Virtual Environments in the Promotion and Evaluation of Architectural Designs JF - Journal of the 3D-Forum Society N2 - Virtual environments can create a realistic impression of an architectural space during the architectural design process, providing a powerful tool for evaluation and promotion during a project’s early stages. In comparison to pre-rendered animations, such as walkthroughs based on CAD models, virtual environments can offer intuitive interaction and a more life like experience. Advanced virtual environments allow users to change realtime rendering features with a few manipulations, switching between different versions while still maintaining sensory immersion. This paper reports on an experimental project in which architectural models are being integrated into interactive virtual environments, and includes demonstrations of both the possibilities and limitations of such applications in evaluating, presenting and promoting architectural designs. KW - virtual environments KW - architectural design KW - interactive walkthrough KW - design review KW - VSVR Y1 - 2002 VL - 16 IS - 4 SP - 117 EP - 122 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Herder, Jens A1 - Geiger, Christian A1 - Lehmann, Anke A1 - Vierjahn, Tom A1 - Wöldecke, Björn ED - Gausemeier, Jürgen ED - Grafe, Michael T1 - Designstrategien für den Einsatz von vibrotaktielem Feedback in Mixed Reality Anwendungen T2 - Augmented & Virtual Reality in der Produktentstehung KW - Mixed Reality KW - Human Computer Interaktion KW - Vibrotaktiles Feedback KW - Haptik Y1 - 2009 SN - 978-3-939350-71-2 VL - 232 SP - 225 EP - 240 PB - Heinz Nixdorf Institut, Universität Paderborn CY - Paderborn ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Herder, Jens A1 - Cohen, Michael ED - Gorayska, Barbara ED - Nehaniv, Chrystopher L. ED - Marsh, Jonathon P. T1 - Enhancing Perspicuity of Objects in Virtual Reality Environments T2 - Proceedings, Second International Conference on Cognitive Technology N2 - In an information-rich Virtual Reality (VR) environment, the user is immersed in a world containing many objects providing that information. Given the finite computational resources of any computer system, optimization is required to ensure that the most important information is presented to the user as clearly as possible and in a timely fashion. In particular, what is desired are means whereby the perspicuity of an object may be enhanced when appropriate. An object becomes more perspicuous when the information it provides to the user becomes more readily apparent. Additionally, if a particular object provides high-priority information, it would be advantageous to make that object obtrusive as well as highly perspicuous. An object becomes more obtrusive if it draws attention to itself (or equivalently, if it is hard to ignore). This paper describes a technique whereby objects may dynamically adapt their representation in a user's environment according to a dynamic priority evaluation of the information each object provides. The three components of our approach are: - an information manager that evaluates object information priority, - an enhancement manager that tabulates rendering features associated with increasing object perspicuity and obtrusion as a function of priority, and - a resource manager that assigns available object rendering resources according to features indicated by the enhancement manager for the priority set for each object by the information manager. We consider resources like visual space (pixels), sound spatialization channels (mixels), MIDI/audio channels, and processing power, and discuss our approach applied to different applications. Assigned object rendering features are implemented locally at the object level (e.g., object facing the user using the billboard node in VRML 2.0) or globally, using helper applications (e.g., active spotlights, semi-automatic cameras). KW - autonomous actors KW - obtrusion KW - perspicuity KW - spatial media KW - spatialization KW - user interface design man-machine interfaces KW - Virtual Reality Y1 - 1997 SN - 0-8186-8084-9 SP - 228 EP - 237 PB - IEEE CY - Los Alamitos ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schmitt, Lothar M. A1 - Herder, Jens A1 - Bhalla, Subhash ED - Gorayska, Barbara ED - Nehaniv, Chrystopher L. ED - Marsh, Jonathon P. T1 - Information Retrieval and Database Architecture for Conventional Japanese Character Dictionaries T2 - Proceedings, Second International Conference on Cognitive Technology N2 - The cycle of abstraction-reconstruction which occurs as a fundamental principle in the development of culture and in cognitive processes is described and analyzed. This approach leads to recognition of boundary conditions for and directions of probable development of cognitive tools. It is shown how the transition from a conventional Japanese-English character dictionary to a multi-dimensional language database is an instance of such an abstraction-reconstruction cycle. The different phases of the design of a multi-dimensional language database based upon different computer software technologies are properly placed in this cycle. The methods used include the use of UNIX software tools, classical database methods as-well-as the use of search engines based upon full text search in this process. Several directions of application and extension for a multi-dimensional language database are discussed from the general point of view of an abstraction-reconstruction cycle. KW - abstraction-reconstruction cycle KW - database KW - dictionary KW - hypertext, search engine KW - retrieval methods KW - UNIX Y1 - 1997 SN - 0-8186-8084-9 SP - 200 EP - 217 PB - IEEE CY - Los Alamitos ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Martens, William L. A1 - Herder, Jens T1 - Perceptual criteria for eliminating reflectors and occluders from the rendering of environmental sound T2 - 137th Regular Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America and the 2nd Convention of the European Acoustics Association N2 - Given limited computational resources available for the rendering of spatial sound imagery, we seek to determine effective means for choosing whatcomponents of the rendering will provide the most audible differences in the results. Rather than begin with an analytic approach that attempts to predict audible differences on the basis of objective parameters, we chose to begin with subjective tests of how audibly different the rendering result may be heard to be when that result includes two types of sound obstruction: reflectors and occluders. Single-channel recordings of 90 short speech sounds were made in an anechoic chamber in the presence and absence of these two types of obstructions, and as the angle of those obstructions varied over a 90 degree range. These recordings were reproduced over a single loudspeaker in that anechoic chamber, and listeners were asked to rate how confident they were that the recording of each of these 90 stimuli included an obstruction. These confidence ratings can be used as an integral component in the evaluation function used to determine which reflectors and occluders are most important for rendering. KW - audio rendering KW - first-order reflection KW - human perception KW - level of detail KW - occluder KW - sound spatialization resource management Y1 - 1999 PB - Acoustical Society of America, European Acoustics Association CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Martens, William L. A1 - Herder, Jens A1 - Shiba, Yoshiki T1 - A filtering model for efficient rendering of the spatial image of an occluded virtual sound source T2 - 137th Regular Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America and the 2nd Convention of the European Acoustics Association N2 - Rendering realistic spatial sound imagery for complex virtual environments must take into account the effects of obstructions such as reflectors and occluders. It is relatively well understood how to calculate the acoustical consequence that would be observed at a given observation point when an acoustically opaque object occludes a sound source. But the interference patterns generated by occluders of various geometries and orientations relative to the virtual source and receiver are computationally intense if accurate results are required. In many applications, however, it is sufficient to create a spatial image that is recognizable by the human listener as the sound of an occluded source. In the interest of improving audio rendering efficiency, a simplified filtering model was developed and its audio output submitted to psychophysical evaluation. Two perceptually salient components of occluder acoustics were identified that could be directly related to the geometry and orientation of a simple occluder. Actual occluder impulse responses measured in an anechoic chamber resembled the responses of a model incorporating only a variable duration delay line and a low-pass filter with variable cutoff frequenc KW - audio rendering KW - first-order reflection KW - human perception KW - occluder Y1 - 1999 PB - Acoustical Society of America, European Acoustics Association CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Amano, Katsumi A1 - Matsushita, Fumio A1 - Yanagawa, Hirofumi A1 - Cohen, Michael A1 - Herder, Jens A1 - Martens, William A1 - Koba, Yoshiharu A1 - Tohyama, Mikio T1 - A Virtual Reality Sound System Using Room-Related Transfer Functions Delivered Through a Multispeaker Array: the PSFC at the University of Aizu Multimedia Center JF - TVRSJ N2 - The PSFC, or Pioneer Sound Field Controller, is a DSP-driven hemispherical loudspeaker array, installed at the University of Aizu Multimedia Center. The PSFC features realtime manipulation of the primary components of sound spatialization for each of two audio sources located in a virtual environment, including the content (apparent direction and distance) and context (room characteristics: reverberation level, room size and liveness). In an alternate mode, it can also direct the destination of the two separate input signals across 14 loudspeakers, manipulating the direction of the virtual sound sources with no control over apparent distance other than that afforded by source loudness (including no simulated environmental reflections or reverberation). The PSFC speaker dome is about 10 m in diameter, accommodating about fifty simultaneous users, including about twenty users comfortably standing or sitting near its ``sweet spot,'' the area in which the illusions of sound spatialization are most vivid. Collocated with a large screen rear-projection stereographic display, the PSFC is intended for advanced multimedia and virtual reality applications. KW - audio signal processing, audio telecommunications KW - auralization KW - calm technology KW - directional mixing console KW - multichannel sound reproduction KW - room-related transfer functions KW - roomware KW - sound localization KW - virtual conferencing environment Y1 - 1998 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18974/tvrsj.3.1_1 VL - 3 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - J-STAGE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Cohen, Michael A1 - Herder, Jens ED - Göbel, Martin ED - Landauer, Jürgen ED - Lang, Ulrich ED - Wapler, Matthias T1 - Symbolic representations of exclude and include for audio sources and sinks: Figurative suggestions of mute/solo & cue and deafen/confide & harken T2 - Virtual Environments ’98, Proceedings of the Eurographics Workshop Y1 - 1998 SN - 3-211-83233-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-7519-4_23 SP - 235 EP - 242 PB - Springer-Verlag CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Amano, Katsumi A1 - Matsushita, Fumio A1 - Yanagawa, Hirofumi A1 - Cohen, Michael A1 - Herder, Jens A1 - Koba, Yoshiharu A1 - Tohyama, Mikio T1 - The Pioneer sound field control system at the University of Aizu Multimedia Center T2 - RO-MAN '96 Tsukuba N2 - The PSFC, or Pioneer sound field control system, is a DSP-driven hemispherical 14-loudspeaker array, installed at the University of Aizu Multimedia Center. Collocated with a large screen rear-projection stereographic display the PSFC features realtime control of virtual room characteristics and direction of two separate sound channels, smoothly steering them around a configurable soundscape. The PSFC controls an entire sound field, including sound direction, virtual distance, and simulated environment (reverb level, room size and liveness) for each source. It can also configure a dry (DSP-less) switching matrix for direct directionalization. The PSFC speaker dome is about 14 m in diameter, allowing about twenty users at once to comfortably stand or sit near its sweet spot. KW - Acoustic reflection KW - Auditory displays KW - Control systems KW - Delay effects KW - Electronic mail KW - Large screen displays KW - Loudspeakers KW - Multimedia systems KW - Reverberation KW - Size control Y1 - 1996 SN - 0-7803-3253-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.1996.568887 SP - 495 EP - 499 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Herder, Jens A1 - Cohen, Michael T1 - Sound Spatialization Resource Management in Virtual Reality Environments T2 - ASVA’97 ‐- Int. Symp. on Simulation, Visualization and Auralization for Acoustic Research and Education N2 - In a virtual reality environment users are immersed in a scene with objects which might produce sound. The responsibility of a VR environment is to present these objects, but a system has only limited resources, including spatialization channels (mixels), MIDI/audio channels, and processing power. The sound spatialization resource manager controls sound resources and optimizes fidelity (presence) under given conditions. For that a priority scheme based on human psychophysical hearing is needed. Parameters for spatialization priorities include intensity calculated from volume and distance, orientation in the case of non-uniform radiation patterns, occluding objects, frequency spectrum (low frequencies are harder to localize), expected activity, and others. Objects which are spatially close together (depending on distance and direction) can be mixed. Sources that can not be spatialized can be treated as a single ambient sound source. Important for resource management is the resource assignment, i.e., minimizing swap operations, which makes it desirable to look-ahead and predict upcoming events in a scene. Prediction is achieved by monitoring objects’ speed and past evaluation values. Fidelity is contrasted for Zifferent kind of resource restrictions and optimal resource assignment based upon unlimited dynamic scene look-ahead. To give standard and comparable results, the VRML 2.0 specification is used as an application programmer interface. Applicability is demonstrated with a helical keyboard, a polyphonic MIDI stream driven animation including user interaction (user moves around, playing together with programmed notes). The developed sound spatialization resource manager gives improved spatialization fidelity under runtime constraints. Application programmers and virtual reality scene designers are freed from the burden of assigning and predicting the sound sources. Y1 - 1997 SP - 407 EP - 414 CY - Tokyo ER -