TY - CHAP A1 - Weber, Konradin A1 - Pohl, Tobias A1 - Fischer, Christian A1 - Lange, Martin A1 - Böhlke, Christoph ED - Valeri, Mladenov T1 - Determination of a Vertical Profile of Black Carbon by a Combined Application of a Light Research Aircraft and a Quadcopter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle – A Case Study Using an Airborne Ultraportable Micro-Aethalometer for Black Carbon Measurements at a Rural Site in Germany T2 - Recent Researches in Electrical and Computer Engineering KW - Luftreinhaltung KW - Messtechnik KW - Atmosphärisches Aerosol KW - Ruß Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-1-61804-315-3 SN - 1790-5117 VL - Recent Advances in Electrical Engineering Series 49 SP - 13 EP - 18 PB - WSEAS ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Weber, Konradin A1 - Fischer, Christian A1 - Lange, Martin A1 - Pohl, Tobias A1 - Böhlke, Christoph A1 - Wagner, Frank A1 - Mattis, Ina A1 - Flentje, Harald A1 - Sturm, Klaus A1 - Barth, Joachim A1 - Steinkopff, Thomas A1 - Vogel, Andreas T1 - Aircraft measurements compared with ceilometer measurements during a sahara dust period in Germany T2 - Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2015 N2 - A significant Sahara dust event took place at the beginning of April 2014 over large areas of Germany and Europe. The German Weather Service (DWD) detected and monitored the expansion and propagation of this dust cloud with a ceilometer network of more than 50 ceilometers. Moreover, these ceilometers were also able to track the altitude of the dust cloud at the positions of the ceilometers. Additionally, aircraft measurements over Germany and France were performed with two aircraft by the Duesseldorf University of Applied Sciences. These aircraft were equipped with optical particle counters (OPC) and were able to measure the particle size distribution within the Sahara dust cloud and as a result of this to calculate the particle mass concentration of the dust. The ceilometer measurements and the aircraft measurements complemented each other: whereas the ceilometers gave continuous information about the Sahara dust cloud at the ceilometer positions, the aircraft measurements delivered interpolating results between the ceilometer positions. Moreover, at several ceilometer positions intercomparison flights were performed by spiraling with the aircraft up or down around the ceilometer laser beam. This gave the unique possibility for comparing the remote sensing results of the ceilometers with the in-situ measurements of the aircraft. This study shows that a significant high amount of Saharan dust particles was transported over Germany during a several days long episode. Furthermore, the intercomparison study between the German ceilometer network and aircraft measurements results shows a good agreement. A combination of these techniques could help to detect the vertical and horizontal distribution of the dust cloud and additionally the particle mass concentration. KW - Luftreinhaltung KW - Deutscher Wetterdienst KW - Forschungsflugzeug KW - Messtechnik KW - Atmosphärisches Aerosol KW - Saharastaub Y1 - 2015 UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20250314100317/https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2015/EGU2015-9776.pdf N1 - Vortragsabstract VL - 17 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Weber, Konradin A1 - Fischer, Christian A1 - Amend, Detlef T1 - A new development of drop-sondes for the measurement of CO2-concentrations at extended volcanic areas BT - 6th Workshop on Physics of Volcanoes T2 - Physics of Volcanoes 2020 N2 - One of the main compounds emitted by volcanoes or volcanic fields is CO2. This is not only emitted from localized craters, but can emerge as distributed and fugitive emissions on extended volcanic areas. In this situation it is of interest to explore the distribution and horizontal concentration profiles of the CO2-emissions. For this purpose new drop-sondes for sensor measurements of CO2 emissions are under development at the Duesseldorf University of Applied Sciences. These drop-sondes are designed to be dropped from aircraft or drones over volcanic areas in order to map the distributed CO2 concentrations over longer times in an unattended way. They are very lightweight and cheap, so that a large number of drop-sondes might be deployed even over remote areas or regions with difficult access. The data are transmitted with GSM broadcasting and can be visualized on a geographical map. The drop-sondes use an NDIR CO2 sensor as a base for the measurement unit. Additionally to CO2 the atmospheric pressure, temperature and humidity are measured. The sensor unit is mounted in a special shock absorbing housing, which is designed to absorb impacts from the touch down after dropping of the sensor and is able to resist even adverse weather conditions. First measurement results and more details of the design of the sensor unit will be presented in this contribution KW - Sonde KW - Kohlendioxidemission KW - Messtechnik KW - Vulkanismus KW - Luftreinhaltung Y1 - 2020 UR - https://web.archive.org/web/20240702210730/https://www.conferences.uni-hamburg.de/event/104/attachments/86/133/PoV_VI_BookOfAbstracts.pdf N1 - Vortragsabstract SP - 32 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Weber, Konradin A1 - Kramer, Tim A1 - Fischer, Christian A1 - Pohl, Tobias A1 - Böhlke, Christoph T1 - Application and Feld-Testing of Different Low Cost Sensors for Particulate Matter T2 - European Aerosol Conference 2019, 25.-30. August 2019, Gothenburg, Sweden KW - Luftreinhaltung KW - Messtechnik KW - Sensor KW - Teilchen Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www5.shocklogic.com/scripts/jmevent/programme.php?Client_Id=%27KONGRESS%27&Project_Id=%2719371%27&System_Id=1# ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Weber, Konradin A1 - Reichardt, R. A1 - Fischer, Christian A1 - Moser, H. M. A1 - Eliasson, Jonas ED - Jha, Manoj K. ED - Lazard, Myriam ED - Zaharim, Azami ED - Sopian, Kamaruzzaman T1 - Computational Visualization of Volcanic Ash Plume Concentrations Measured by light Aircrafts over Germany and Iceland during the Recent Eruptions of the Volcanoes Eyjafjallajökull and Grimsvötn T2 - Recent advances in Fluid Mechanics, Heat & Mass Transfer, Biology and Ecology KW - Luftreinhaltung KW - Vulkanasche KW - Visualisierung KW - Eyjafjallajökull KW - Atmosphärisches Aerosol Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-1-61804-065-7 SP - 236 EP - 240 PB - WSEAS ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Vogel, Andreas A1 - Weber, Konradin A1 - Fischer, Christian A1 - van Haren, Günther A1 - Pohl, Tobias A1 - Grobety, Bernhard A1 - Meier, Mario T1 - Airborne in-situ measurements of the Eyjafjallojökull ash plume with a small aircraft and optical particle spectrometers over north-western Germany - comparison between the aircraft measurements and the VAAC-model calculations T2 - Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2011 N2 - The eruption of the volcano Eyjafjallajökull (Iceland) in 2010 has caused a transportation of an ash dust plume over large areas of Europe. In April 2010 many airports in Europe were closed for several days because of the volcano ash plume and even in May 2010 several German and European airports were closed for shorter periods because of the danger caused by the volcanic ash dust. The VAAC (Volcanic Ash Advisory Center), London, has continuously published graphics of the predicted spread and dispersion of the volcanic ash plume, which were partly basis for the air traffic restrictions in Germany. In this situation the Laboratory for Environmental Measurement Techniques of the University of Applied Sciences in Duesseldorf has performed 14 measurement flights starting from April 23 2010 to May 21 2010 to get real airborne in-situ dust measurement data over the north-western part of Germany and for comparison with the predicted ash dispersion model data of the VAAC of London in Germany. Moreover, airborne passive DOAS remote sensing measurements have been performed by a mini-DOAS system for SO2-measurements within the plume. In this paper the results of the airborne optical ash particle measurements as well as the remote sensing SO2 measurements will be reported for situations with and without the volcanic plume over northern Germany in detail. Moreover, the measured dust data will be compared with the model dispersion predictions for the ash plume by the VAAC and with European limit concentrations. Main conclusions are: The „ash plume“, found by the aircraft measurement of the Duesseldorf University of Applied Sciences over north western Germany in the “red zone” predicted by the VAAC turned out to be inhomogeneous during the measurement flights Clusters of ash plume sometimes had only a height extension of several hundred meters or less Ash substructures with a horizontal extension of ten kilometres up to several tenth of kilometres could be found Vertical double structures of ash plume could be measured by spiral flights and could be observed visually in horizontal direction Ash plume could be observed visually as small brown layer in horizontal direction Particles collected during flight could be identified as ash particles by electron microscope analysis and chemical analysis KW - Luftreinhaltung KW - Vulkanasche KW - Atmosphärisches Aerosol KW - Eyjafjallajökull KW - Messtechnik Y1 - 2011 VL - 13 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weber, Konradin A1 - Heweling, Georg A1 - Fischer, Christian A1 - Lange, Martin T1 - The use of an octocopter UAV for the determination of air pollutants – a case study of the traffic induced pollution plume around a river bridge in Duesseldorf, Germany JF - International Journal of Environmental Science N2 - Emissions of air pollutants from the road traffic are still a major problem in Germany. It is well known that traffic induced fine particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5, PM1), ultrafine particles (UFPs) and gaseous air pollutants, like e.g. NOx, are adverse to human health. Therefore it is important to monitor these air pollutants in the cities. In this study an octocopter UAV is used as a carrier for measurement systems for UFPs, fine particulate matter and soot. This instrumented octocopter was used for studying the vertical and horizontal variation of the air pollution plume, which originated from the traffic on a river bridge, connecting two parts of Duesseldorf in Germany. This octocopter UAV had been especially designed and built at the Duesseldorf University of Applied Sciences for measurements of air pollutants. It was featuring eight 900 W electric propeller drives and was equipped with a pixhawk flight control. Its lift off weight was about 10.5 kg. About 60 measurement flights were performed by the instrumented octocopter throughout this study. These measurement flights could clearly determine the traffic induced air pollution plume originating from the bridge. Moreover, the dispersion of UFPs within the pollution plume could be monitored with the octocopter flights. KW - Luftreinhaltung KW - Flugkörper KW - Messtechnik KW - Feinstaub KW - Luftqualität KW - Luftverschmutzung Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50805 SN - 2367-8941 VL - 2 SP - 63 EP - 66 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Vogel, Andreas A1 - Weber, Konradin A1 - Eliasson, Jonas A1 - Palsson, Asgeir A1 - Moser, H. M. A1 - Palsson, Thorgeir A1 - von Löwis, S. A1 - Fischer, Christian T1 - Airborne and groundbased measurements of ash particles on Iceland and over Germany during the Grímsvötn eruption May 2011 [Abstract] T2 - Geophysical Research Abstracts:EGU General Assembly 2012, held 22-27 April, 2012 in Vienna, Austria N2 - The eruption of the Grimsvötn volcano in May 2010 posed with its ash plume a thread to the aviation in northern Europe. Because of ash plume forecasts of the VAAC London the airport of Keflavik in Iceland as well as airports in England, Scotland and Scandinavia were closed for some time, which caused the cancellation or change of about 500 flights in Europe. Even in Germany the airports of Bremen, Hamburg and Berlin were closed for several hours on 25 May 2011. During this eruption period in May 2011, a team of the Duesseldorf University of Applied Sciences, the University of Iceland, the University of Reykjavik and the IMO has performed airborne in-situ measurements over Iceland and Germany as well as ground based measurements in the south of Iceland. The ground based measurements were performed continuously during the whole eruption period at two significant positions (Skogar and Hvollsvöllur) with optical particle counters (OPCs). The measurement method was based on measuring the airborne concentrations of the classic aerosol components (PM10, PM2.5 and PM1) and TSP (total suspended particles) every 6 seconds. Additional measurement flights on Iceland were started already one day after the beginning of the eruption (twelve in-situ measurement flights) and marked the spatial and temporal spread of volcanic ash in the atmosphere. For the flights light slow flying piston engine powered airplanes where used. The flights over Iceland focused on the western part of Iceland in the region of Reykjavik and Keflavik and over the international airport in Keflavik and were mostly coordinated by ISAVIA. The measurement flights helped to keep Keflavik International Airport open for many additional hours despite of adverse predictions by the London VAAC model, because it was possible to observe the particle concentration on-line during the flights. In Germany a measurement flight was performed on 25 May 2012 over the northern part of Germany where the volcanic ash cloud was forecasted from the dispersion model of the London VAAC. This flight was performed on the behalf of the German Weather Service (DWD). The measurement flights revealed most time relative low airborne ash concentrations over western Iceland, although the groundbased measured ash concentrations in the south of Iceland nearer to the Grimsvötn were very high. In Germany the measured concentrations during the flight were low enough to be consistent with the re-opening of the airports Bremen, Hamburg and Berlin, which were closed by the authorities for several hours on 25 May 2011 because of high concentration predictions by the VAAC-model. The measurement flights clearly proved that OPCs, based on slow flying piston-motor driven aircrafts, are very suitable for the determination of airborne ash particles during volcanic eruptions. This is an important issue for air traffic safety. KW - Luftreinhaltung Y1 - 2012 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2012/EGU2012-12854-1.pdf SP - 12854 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - González Rial, Gabriel A1 - Dinardo, Daniel A1 - Padilla, Germán D. A1 - Barrancos, José A1 - Hernández, Pedro A. A1 - Pérez, Nemesio M. A1 - Weber, Konradin A1 - Fischer, Christian A1 - Amend, Detlef T1 - Remake of the low cost carbon dioxide sensor of the carbon dioxide network deployed by INVOLCAN in the urban areas of Puerto Naos and La Bombilla, La Palma, Canary Islands T2 - European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024 N2 - An anomalous CO2 degassing appeared by the end of Tajogaite eruption (North-West flank of Cumbre Vieja volcano ridge, La Palma, Canary Islands), in the neighborhoods of La Bombilla and Puerto Naos at about 6 km distance from the volcanic vent. The areas affected by the anomalous CO2 degassing were not directly affected by lava flows during the eruptive period. After the eruption, and due to this strong volcanic-hydrothermal carbon dioxide emissions (CO2 5-20%) were included in the exclusion zone. CO2 is an invisible toxic gas, as well as asphyxiating, and may be lethal when is present in concentrations higher than 14%. During the post-eruptive period, INVOLCAN deployed its own indoor and outdoor CO2 monitoring networks in collaboration with other institutions, with the aim of delimitating the anomalous CO2 degassing areas, paying attention to those areas where CO2 air concentration exceeds hazardous thresholds. The number of monitoring stations were increasing to cover most of the homes, garages, basements, and local businesses. The first monitoring network were based on a LILYGO; TTGO T-SIM7000G electroniccard, previously programmed with an unstable algorithm that caused problems during the measurements. After some implementations to enhance the stability of the sensor, a new algorithm was developed that consists of the acquisition of ambient values every 5 seconds, applying a Moving Average Filter in every measurement to avoid outliers. The SIM card integrated in the hardware allows the data transmission to an MQTT broker where the values are published every 5 minutes, recollecting them in a unique Raspberry Pi 4 Model B located at the INVOLCAN headquarters, that reads and stores the data in two databases (InfluxDB and Google Sheets). The visualization of the values are done through Grafana Cloud, recollecting the data from InfluxDB and showing them distributed as tables and a geographic map that illustrates the concentration in the measurement points. The difference between this and the last storing is the flexibility when visualizing the data, that can be transformed to different kind of plots as mentioned. Moreover, an API for the management of each subsystem is created using PyQT, allowing to the user the calibration of the sensors in remote, as well as executing a soft reboot, or the integration of deeper parameters like the sensor mode (manual polling, streaming or command mode) or pressure data. Two of the 20 devices have been successfully installed and they are working correctly in La Palma, meanwhile an amount of 18 devices are being tested and recollecting properly with better stability in CO2 concentration measurements at our laboratory and will be installed indoor in different locations soon. The remaking of the algorithm allows to forget previous problems of wrong data and disconnections, obtaining accurate data compared to commercial sensors and helping the operator to configure and control the sensors without moving to conflicting locations. KW - Vortrag KW - Vulkanismus KW - Kohlendioxid KW - Messtechnik KW - European Geosciences Union Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-19641 N1 - Abstract IS - EGU24-19641 PB - Copernicus ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weber, Konradin A1 - Fischer, Christian A1 - Pohl, Tobias A1 - Böhlke, Christoph A1 - Lange, Martin A1 - Scharifi, Emad A1 - Eliasson, Jonas A1 - Yoshitani, Junichi T1 - The Application of Light Research Aircraft for the Investigation of Volcano Eruption Plumes, Industrial Emissions and Urban Plumes JF - WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development N2 - Airborne measurements have proved to be an important tool for the investigation of volcanic emission plumes, industrial pollution plumes, fugitive emissions and urban pollution plumes. In this paper several examples are demonstrated, how these investigations can be performed by light and microlight propeller aircraft. Throughout the last years innovative aircraft were developed in the light and microlight class showing an excellent flight performance. This enables airborne measurements, which were performed in former years normally by big jet engine driven research aircraft. Moreover, these light and microlight aircraft are equipped with piston motors, which are sturdy enough to operate even in adverse and harsh flight conditions, e.g. in volcanic plumes with high ash concentration. Additionally, turbo charged versions of these airborne piston motors are available, which allow flight altitudes of 7000m – 9000m enabling a large variety of research missions. Another advantage of light and microlight research aircraft is that they are quite cost effective and have a comparatively short certification process for the installation of new measurement equipment. This made it possible to respond fast to the eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull 2010 and Grimsvötn 2011 with research flights in volcanic ash plumes over Germany and Iceland. In this way it was possible to deliver real airborne measurements additional to the ash plume model calculations of the London Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC). In this paper examples of airborne measurements in the volcanic plumes of the recent eruptions of Icelandic volcanoes are given. Moreover examples are presented, which highlight the outstanding capabilities of these aircraft for pinpointing industrial emissions and for characterizing urban pollution plumes. KW - Luftreinhaltung KW - Vulkanismus KW - Vulkanasche KW - Forschungsflugzeug KW - Leichtflugzeug KW - Messtechnik Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50892 SN - 2224-3496 N1 - Open Access Statement: "This is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, deposit to institutional repositories or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access." https://wseas.com/open-access-statement.php VL - 11 SP - 89 EP - 94 PB - WSEAS ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pohl, Tobias A1 - Fischer, Christian A1 - Heweling, Georg A1 - Böhlke, Christoph A1 - Weber, Konradin T1 - A Comparative Study as a Quality Assurance of Stationary and Portable Hand-Held Ultrafine Particle Monitors JF - WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development N2 - In this study we investigated the performance of two portable hand-held measurement devices (Testo DiSCMini, Grimm NanoCheck) under real environmental conditions at an area on the new campus of the University of Applied Sciences Duesseldorf, which was influenced by construction activities and traffic. The values were compared to the data from a freshly calibrated SMPS (Grimm SMPS+C) as a reference system. The SMPS measured the particle number concentration as well as the particle number size distribution in a range from 5 nm to 350 nm. This was done as a quality assurance for the use of these portable devices for other measurement campaigns for detecting the particle number concentration in mobile applications by e.g. unmanned aerial systems, bicycles, or small aircraft. The results show a good correlation between all the systems. The agreement between the reference system and the NanoCheck was really good, but lower between the DiSCMini and the reference system. Due to the good correlation the data could be post processed with a correction function to reduce the deviation. Finally, it can be stated, that both systems work well under environmental conditions and are well suited for the mobile use for the investigation of ultrafine particle concentration. KW - Luftreinhaltung KW - Messtechnik KW - Feinstaub Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50799 SN - 2224-3496 N1 - Open Access Statement: "This is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, deposit to institutional repositories or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access." https://wseas.com/open-access-statement.php VL - 13 PB - WSEAS ER -