TY - RPRT A1 - Fischer, Peter C. ED - Bleuel, Hans-Hubertus T1 - Globalisierung und Recht: Auswirkungen der Globalisierung auf die Praxis grenzüberschreitender Transaktionen aus deutscher Perspektive T1 - Globalisation and Law: Impacts of the Globalisation on the Pracitise of Cross-border Transactions from a German Perspective N2 - Der nachstehende Artikel setzt sich mit der Frage auseinander, wie sich aus deutscher juristischer Sicht die Globalisierung bislang auf die Praxis grenz-überschreitender Transaktionen ausgewirkt hat. Dies soll unter vier zentralen Aspekten untersucht werden: Wer bestimmt das anwendbare Recht bei Transaktionen mit Auslandsbezug? Wer bestimmt die internationale Zuständigkeit der Gerichte? In welcher Sprache werden die Vertragsdokumente in der Praxis verhandelt und verfasst? Welche Rechtskultur prägt die Struktur und die Formulierung dieser Vertragsdokumentation? Die Antworten auf diese Fragen werden deutlich machen, dass das Recht der grenzüberschreitenden Transaktionen nach wie vor primär national oder im Falle der EU-Mitgliedsstaaten auch supranational geprägt ist, d.h. international in der Regel nicht einheitlich geregelt ist, während Vertragssprache und Vertragskultur faktisch grundsätzlich angelsächsischen Standards entspricht. N2 - Topic of this publication is the impact of globalisation on the practise of cross-border transactions from a German legal perspective. The focus is on four key questions: Who determines the applicable law in case of a cross-border transaction? Who determines which courts shall have international jurisdiction? In which language will the legal documents be negotiated and drafted in practise? The culture of which jurisdiction will actually influence the structure and wording of such legal documentation? The answers to these questions will make clear that cross-border transactions are still primarily ruled by national laws or in case of the member states of the European Union also by supernational law, meaning there is generally no unified international law, while the language of such contractual documents as well as the culture influencing the legal documentation are in practise generally Anglo-Saxon standards. T3 - Forschungsberichte des Fachbereichs Wirtschaftswissenschaften der Hochschule Düsseldorf - 27 KW - Grenzüberschreitende Transaktionen KW - Rechtswahl KW - Internationaler Gerichtsstand KW - Vertragssprache KW - Rechtskultur KW - Russland KW - Wirtschaftsbeziehungen KW - Cross-border Transactions KW - Choice of Law KW - International Jurisdiction KW - Language of Contract KW - Legal Culture KW - Russia KW - Economic Relation KW - FHD Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-8522 N1 - Dies ist der vierte von insg. sechs Beiträgen in Bleuel, Hans-H. (Hrsg.): Ausgewählte Themen zu den deutsch-russischen Wirtschaftsbeziehungen. Düsseldorf, 2014. Erster / früherer Titel der Reihe: Forschungsberichte des Fachbereichs Wirtschaft der Fachhochschule Düsseldorf bis 2014 IS - 27 CY - Düsseldorf ER - TY - JOUR A1 - General, S. A1 - Pöhler, D. A1 - Sihler, H. A1 - Bobrowski, N. A1 - Frieß, U. A1 - Zielcke, J. A1 - Horbanski, M. A1 - Shepson, P. B. A1 - Stirm, B. H. A1 - Simpson, W. R. A1 - Weber, Konradin A1 - Fischer, C. A1 - Platt, U. T1 - The Heidelberg Airborne Imaging DOAS Instrument (HAIDI) – a novel imaging DOAS device for 2-D and 3-D imaging of trace gases and aerosols JF - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques N2 - Abstract. Many relevant processes in tropospheric chemistry take place on rather small scales (e.g., tens to hundreds of meters) but often influence areas of several square kilometer. Thus, measurements of the involved trace gases with high spatial resolution are of great scientific interest. In order to identify individual sources and sinks and ultimately to improve chemical transport models, we developed a new airborne instrument, which is based on the well established Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) method. The Heidelberg Airborne Imaging DOAS Instrument (HAIDI) is a passive imaging DOAS spectrometer, which is capable of recording horizontal and vertical trace gas distributions with a resolution of better than 100 m. Observable species include NO2, HCHO, C2H2O2, H2O, O3, O4, SO2, IO, OClO and BrO. Here we give a technical description of the instrument including its custom-built spectrographs and CCD detectors. Also first results from measurements with the new instrument are presented. These comprise spatial resolved SO2 and BrO in volcanic plumes, mapped at Mt. Etna (Sicily, Italy), NO2 emissions in the metropolitan area of Indianapolis (Indiana, USA) as well as BrO and NO2 distributions measured during arctic springtime in context of the BRomine, Ozone, and Mercury EXperiment (BROMEX) campaign, which was performed 2012 in Barrow (Alaska, USA). KW - Luftreinhaltung Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50179 SN - 1867-8548 VL - 7 IS - 10 SP - 3459 EP - 3485 PB - Copernicus ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pohl, T. A1 - Heweling, G. A1 - Fischer, C. A1 - Weber, Konradin T1 - Traffic Influenced Nitrogen Dioxide, Ultrafine Particle and Black Carbon Concentrations at a Busy Urban Street in Duesseldorf, Germany JF - International Journal of Environmental Science N2 - In this study the road traffic related air pollution within a busy urban street canyon in the City of Duesseldorf, Germany was investigated. For the investigations the measurement truck of the laboratory for environmental measurement techniques of the HSD was equipped with different measurement devices for gaseous and aerosol species as well as meteorological sensors. The measurement truck was placed next to a stationary air quality measurement container of the Environmental State Agency of North-Rhine-Westphalia (LANUV). The measurement site is located at the Cornelius street, a direct north south connecting street through the city of Duesseldorf, which is highly frequented by road traffic with an daily amount of about 45,000 vehicles. The street is located within the low emission zone (LEZ). Additionally the pass through of vehicles with a higher weight than 7.5 tons is prohibited. Within this study over a period of several weeks the particle mass concentrations PM10, PM2.5 and PM1, and the particle number size distribution (PNSD) were measured over a broad range from 5 nm to 32 µm with a high temporal resolution. Additionally, an aethalometer was used to determine the proportion of black carbon in the particle ensembles. Gaseous pollutants like nitrogen dioxide, ozone and sulphur dioxide were measured as well. Nitrogen dioxide is a typical species originating from combustion processes. In this study the data from NO2 strongly correlate with ultrafine particle and black carbon concentrations and for this reason all three species are clearly influenced by road traffic. However, this effect is not so pronounced for the particle mass concentrations, which are additionally influenced by the varying local background concentrations. During the measurements, the averaged concentration for PM10 was on a moderate level at 20.6 µg/m³ (PM2.5 13.4 µg/m³, PM1 10.7 µg/m³). The averaged NO2 concentration was 54.2 µg/m³ during the measurement period, which is above the yearly limit value of 40 µg/m³. However, the hourly limit value of 200 µg/m³ was not exceeded during the measurement period of this study. The averaged particle number concentration (PNC5-250 nm) and black carbon concentration were on a low level compared with values from other studies at roadsides. The PNC5-250 nm was at 6,400 #/cm³ and for black carbon at 1.8 µg/m³. The lower values for PNC and BC are possibly explained as a result due to the measures from the clean air plan. The measurements of this study took place in summertime. The air pollution concentrations might be higher during colder times of the year due to domestic fuel burning. After all it can be stated, that the additional monitoring of ultrafine particles and black carbon is relevant and important to characterize the composition of the air quality at roadsides and offer a better understanding for the temporal resolution of air pollutants in cities. Moreover, estimations on the risk of air pollution for the human health can more precisely be specified. KW - Luftreinhaltung KW - urban air pollution KW - road traffic emissions KW - ultrafine particles KW - black carbon KW - nitrogen dioxide Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50355 SN - 2367-8941 VL - 2 SP - 410 EP - 417 ER -