TY - JOUR A1 - Nehr, Sascha A1 - Jäckel, Simon T1 - Successful Innovation Transfer through Pre-Standardization: A Case Study JF - Standards N2 - This study presents an approach to structure, analyze and evaluate corporate standardization processes using the example of pre-standardization for the reduction of environmental impacts in product design and development. For this purpose, we give a detailed description of the evolution of the European Standard EN 16524 entitled “Mechanical products—Methodology for reduction of environmental impacts in product design and development”. The standardization strategy behind the evolution of EN 16524 is analyzed using the approach of a Business Model Canvas combined with an evaluation using pre-defined success factors. Moreover, we derive general recommendations for corporate standardization professionals in checklists for each field of the underlying Business Model Canvas. With regard to the case study depicted here, we come to the conclusion that pre-standards are especially suited for innovation transfer in the field of emerging and rapidly evolving scientific and technical results. KW - standardization strategies KW - pre-standards KW - success factors KW - Business Model Canvas KW - environmental impact KW - Luftreinhaltung Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/standards3010004 SN - 2305-6703 VL - 3 IS - 1 SP - 31 EP - 42 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nehr, Sascha A1 - Duarte, Regina M. B. O. A1 - Almeida, Antoine S. A1 - Baus, Lukas A1 - Bergmann, Karl-Christian T1 - Assessing the relevance of allergenic pollen in indoor environments—current knowledge base and research needs JF - Allergo Journal International N2 - SummaryAirborne pollen allergens—a relevant component of bioaerosols and, therefore, of airborne particulate matter—are considered an important metric in air quality assessments. Although the measurement of airborne pollen allergen concentrations in outdoor environments (namely, in urban areas) has been recognized as a key environmental health indicator, no such obligation exists for indoor environments (dwellings or occupational settings). However, people spend most of their daily time (80–90%) indoors, where the majority of their exposure to air pollution, including pollen allergens, occurs. Nonetheless, the relative importance of airborne pollen allergen exposure indoors differs from outdoors because of differences in pollen loads, sources, dispersion, and degree of penetration from the outdoor surroundings, as well as the differences in the allergenic pollen profiles. In this brief review, we mined the literature over the last 10 years to summarize what existing measurements reveal about the relevance of airborne allergenic pollen in indoor environments. The research priorities on this topic are presented, highlighting the challenges and the motivations for obtaining pollen data in built environments which are key to understand the extent and mechanisms of human exposure to airborne pollen allergens. Thus, we provide a comprehensive assessment of the relevance of airborne allergenic pollen in indoor environments, highlighting knowledge gaps and research needs related to their health effects. KW - standardization strategies KW - pre-standards KW - success factors KW - Business Model Canvas KW - environmental impact KW - Luftreinhaltung Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40629-023-00251-y SN - 2197-0378 VL - 32 IS - 6 SP - 167 EP - 175 PB - Springer Nature ER -