TY - CHAP A1 - Pieri, D. C. A1 - Diaz, J. A. A1 - Bland, G. A1 - Fladeland, M. M. A1 - Abtahi, A. A1 - Alan, A. Jr. A1 - Alegria, O. A1 - Azofeifa, S. A1 - Berthold, R. A1 - Corrales, E. A1 - Fuerstenau, S. A1 - Gerardi, J. A1 - Herlth, D. A1 - Hickman, G. A1 - Hunter, G. A1 - Linick, J. A1 - Mardigal, Y. A1 - Makel, D. A1 - Miles, T. A1 - Realmuto, V. J. A1 - Storms, B. A1 - Vogel, A. A1 - Kolyer, R. A1 - Weber, Konradin T1 - Systematic observations of Volcán Turrialba, Costa Rica, with small unmanned aircraft and aerostats (UAVs): the Costa Rican Airborne Research and Technology Applications (CARTA) missions [Abstract] T2 - American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2014 N2 - For several years, the University of Costa Rica, NASA Centers (e.g., JPL, ARC, GSFC/WFF, GRC) & NASA contractors-partners have made regular in situ measurements of aerosols & gases at Turrialba Volcano in Costa Rica, with aerostats (e.g., tethered balloons & kites), & free-flying fixed wing UAVs (e.g., Dragon Eye, Vector Wing 100, DELTA 150), at altitudes up to 12.5Kft ASL within 5km of the summit. Onboard instruments included gas detectors (e.g., SO2, CO2), visible & thermal IR cameras, air samplers, temperature pressure & humidity sensors, particle counters, & a nephelometer. Deployments are timed to support bimonthly overflights of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) onboard the NASA Terra satellite (26 deployments to date). In situ observations of dilute plume SO2 concentrations (~1-20ppmv), plume dimensions, and associated temperature, pressure, & humidity profiles, validate detailed radiative transfer-based SO2 retrievals, as well as archive-wide ASTER band-ratio SO2 algorithms. Our recent UAV-based CO2 observations confirm high concentrations (e.g., ~3000ppmv max at summit jet), with 1000-1500ppmv flank values, and essentially global background CO2 levels (400ppmv) over distal surroundings. Transient Turrialba He detections (up to 20ppmv) were obtained with a small (~10kg) airborne mass spectrometer on a light aircraft—a UAV version (~3kg) will deploy there soon on the UCR DELTA 500. Thus, these platforms, though small (most payloads <500gm), can perform valuable systematic measurements of potential eruption hazards, as well as of volcano processes. Because they are economical, flexible, and effective, such platforms promise unprecedented capabilities for researchers and responders throughout Central and South America, undertaking volcanic data acquisitions uniquely suited to such small aircraft in close proximity to known hazards, or that were previously only available using full-sized manned aircraft. This work was carried out, in part, at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory of the California Institute of Technology under NASA contract. We are grateful to the Universidad de Costa Rica, the NASA Airborne Science and Earth Surface & Interior Programs, the Dirección General de Aeronáutica Civil de Costa Rica, and FH Düsseldorf for their support. KW - Luftreinhaltung KW - Vulkanismus KW - Messtechnik KW - Schwefeldioxid KW - Atmosphärisches Aerosol KW - Flugkörper Y1 - 2014 UR - https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.V41C4838P/abstract ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Vogel, Andreas A1 - Weber, Konradin A1 - Eliasson, Jonas A1 - Palsson, Asgeir A1 - Moser, H. M. A1 - Palsson, Thorgeir A1 - von Löwis, S. A1 - Fischer, Christian T1 - Airborne and groundbased measurements of ash particles on Iceland and over Germany during the Grímsvötn eruption May 2011 [Abstract] T2 - Geophysical Research Abstracts:EGU General Assembly 2012, held 22-27 April, 2012 in Vienna, Austria N2 - The eruption of the Grimsvötn volcano in May 2010 posed with its ash plume a thread to the aviation in northern Europe. Because of ash plume forecasts of the VAAC London the airport of Keflavik in Iceland as well as airports in England, Scotland and Scandinavia were closed for some time, which caused the cancellation or change of about 500 flights in Europe. Even in Germany the airports of Bremen, Hamburg and Berlin were closed for several hours on 25 May 2011. During this eruption period in May 2011, a team of the Duesseldorf University of Applied Sciences, the University of Iceland, the University of Reykjavik and the IMO has performed airborne in-situ measurements over Iceland and Germany as well as ground based measurements in the south of Iceland. The ground based measurements were performed continuously during the whole eruption period at two significant positions (Skogar and Hvollsvöllur) with optical particle counters (OPCs). The measurement method was based on measuring the airborne concentrations of the classic aerosol components (PM10, PM2.5 and PM1) and TSP (total suspended particles) every 6 seconds. Additional measurement flights on Iceland were started already one day after the beginning of the eruption (twelve in-situ measurement flights) and marked the spatial and temporal spread of volcanic ash in the atmosphere. For the flights light slow flying piston engine powered airplanes where used. The flights over Iceland focused on the western part of Iceland in the region of Reykjavik and Keflavik and over the international airport in Keflavik and were mostly coordinated by ISAVIA. The measurement flights helped to keep Keflavik International Airport open for many additional hours despite of adverse predictions by the London VAAC model, because it was possible to observe the particle concentration on-line during the flights. In Germany a measurement flight was performed on 25 May 2012 over the northern part of Germany where the volcanic ash cloud was forecasted from the dispersion model of the London VAAC. This flight was performed on the behalf of the German Weather Service (DWD). The measurement flights revealed most time relative low airborne ash concentrations over western Iceland, although the groundbased measured ash concentrations in the south of Iceland nearer to the Grimsvötn were very high. In Germany the measured concentrations during the flight were low enough to be consistent with the re-opening of the airports Bremen, Hamburg and Berlin, which were closed by the authorities for several hours on 25 May 2011 because of high concentration predictions by the VAAC-model. The measurement flights clearly proved that OPCs, based on slow flying piston-motor driven aircrafts, are very suitable for the determination of airborne ash particles during volcanic eruptions. This is an important issue for air traffic safety. KW - Luftreinhaltung Y1 - 2012 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2012/EGU2012-12854-1.pdf SP - 12854 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Henin, Stefano A1 - Petit, Yannick A1 - Rohwetter, Philipp A1 - Stelmaszczyk, Kamil A1 - Hao, Zuoqiang A1 - Nakaema, Walter Morinobu A1 - Vogel, Andreas A1 - Pohl, Tobias A1 - Schneider, Friedhelm A1 - Kasparian, Jérôme A1 - Weber, Konradin A1 - Wöste, Ludger A1 - Wolf, Jean-Pierre T1 - Field measurements suggest the mechanism of laser-assisted water condensation JF - Nature Communications N2 - Because of the potential impact on agriculture and other key human activities, efforts have been dedicated to the local control of precipitation. The most common approach consists of dispersing small particles of dry ice, silver iodide, or other salts in the atmosphere. Here we show, using field experiments conducted under various atmospheric conditions, that laser filaments can induce water condensation and fast droplet growth up to several μm in diameter in the atmosphere as soon as the relative humidity exceeds 70%. We propose that this effect relies mainly on photochemical formation of p.p.m.-range concentrations of hygroscopic Hno3, allowing efficient binary Hno3–H2o condensation in the laser filaments. Thermodynamic, as well as kinetic, numerical modelling based on this scenario semiquantitatively reproduces the experimental results, suggesting that particle stabilization by Hno3 has a substantial role in the laser-induced condensation. KW - Luftreinhaltung KW - Kondensation KW - Laser KW - Niederschlag Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-52439 SN - 2041-1723 VL - 2 IS - 1 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Vogel, Andreas A1 - Weber, Konradin A1 - Fischer, Christian A1 - van Haren, Günther A1 - Pohl, Tobias A1 - Grobety, Bernhard A1 - Meier, Mario T1 - Airborne in-situ measurements of the Eyjafjallojökull ash plume with a small aircraft and optical particle spectrometers over north-western Germany - comparison between the aircraft measurements and the VAAC-model calculations T2 - Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2011 N2 - The eruption of the volcano Eyjafjallajökull (Iceland) in 2010 has caused a transportation of an ash dust plume over large areas of Europe. In April 2010 many airports in Europe were closed for several days because of the volcano ash plume and even in May 2010 several German and European airports were closed for shorter periods because of the danger caused by the volcanic ash dust. The VAAC (Volcanic Ash Advisory Center), London, has continuously published graphics of the predicted spread and dispersion of the volcanic ash plume, which were partly basis for the air traffic restrictions in Germany. In this situation the Laboratory for Environmental Measurement Techniques of the University of Applied Sciences in Duesseldorf has performed 14 measurement flights starting from April 23 2010 to May 21 2010 to get real airborne in-situ dust measurement data over the north-western part of Germany and for comparison with the predicted ash dispersion model data of the VAAC of London in Germany. Moreover, airborne passive DOAS remote sensing measurements have been performed by a mini-DOAS system for SO2-measurements within the plume. In this paper the results of the airborne optical ash particle measurements as well as the remote sensing SO2 measurements will be reported for situations with and without the volcanic plume over northern Germany in detail. Moreover, the measured dust data will be compared with the model dispersion predictions for the ash plume by the VAAC and with European limit concentrations. Main conclusions are: The „ash plume“, found by the aircraft measurement of the Duesseldorf University of Applied Sciences over north western Germany in the “red zone” predicted by the VAAC turned out to be inhomogeneous during the measurement flights Clusters of ash plume sometimes had only a height extension of several hundred meters or less Ash substructures with a horizontal extension of ten kilometres up to several tenth of kilometres could be found Vertical double structures of ash plume could be measured by spiral flights and could be observed visually in horizontal direction Ash plume could be observed visually as small brown layer in horizontal direction Particles collected during flight could be identified as ash particles by electron microscope analysis and chemical analysis KW - Luftreinhaltung KW - Vulkanasche KW - Atmosphärisches Aerosol KW - Eyjafjallajökull KW - Messtechnik Y1 - 2011 VL - 13 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Weber, Konradin A1 - Reichardt, R. A1 - Fischer, Christian A1 - Moser, H. M. A1 - Eliasson, Jonas ED - Jha, Manoj K. ED - Lazard, Myriam ED - Zaharim, Azami ED - Sopian, Kamaruzzaman T1 - Computational Visualization of Volcanic Ash Plume Concentrations Measured by light Aircrafts over Germany and Iceland during the Recent Eruptions of the Volcanoes Eyjafjallajökull and Grimsvötn T2 - Recent advances in Fluid Mechanics, Heat & Mass Transfer, Biology and Ecology KW - Luftreinhaltung KW - Vulkanasche KW - Visualisierung KW - Eyjafjallajökull KW - Atmosphärisches Aerosol Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-1-61804-065-7 SP - 236 EP - 240 PB - WSEAS ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Weber, Konradin A1 - Vogel, Andreas A1 - Reichardt, Roland A1 - Zimmermann, Thomas ED - Altawell, Najib ED - Konstantin, Volkov ED - Cristina, Matos ED - Fernandez de Arroyabe, Pablo T1 - Research aircraft flight for gas leakage investigation at the Elgin wellhead gas platform in the North Sea – initial results T2 - Recent Researches in Environmental and Geological Sciences KW - Luftreinhaltung KW - Forschungsflugzeug KW - Messtechnik KW - Bohrinsel KW - Leckage KW - Erdgas Y1 - 2012 SP - 240 EP - 243 PB - WSEAS ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Vogel, Andreas A1 - Weber, Konradin A1 - Fischer, Christian A1 - Prata, A. J. A1 - Durant, A. J. T1 - Aircraft in situ and remote sensing measurements of emissions from Etna volcano, Sicily T2 - Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2012 N2 - Volcanoes emit particles (silicates and sulphate aerosol) and gases (e.g., water and sulphur dioxide) which influence the radiative balance of the atmosphere. The rate at which sulphur dioxide oxidises to sulphate aerosol is poorly constrained and measurements of downwind abundance are required to quantify the rate at which this process occurs. During July and November 2011, a series of measurements were performed in emissions from Etna Volcano, Sicily, using the University of Applied Sciences (Dusseldorf) research aircraft. Both in situ and remote sensing instrumentation was simultaneously deployed to quantify the down-wind characteristics of gases and particles in the plume emitted by the volcano. In situ particle characteristics were measured using a Grimm 1.109 optical particle counter (microparticles 0.25-32 microns) and Grimm 1320 diffusion electrometer (nanoparticles 25-300 nanometers). Column abundance of sulphur dioxide was measured using a vertically-pointing differential optical absorption spectrometer (DOAS). These measurements were compared to horizontal pathlength-integrated measurements of sulphur dioxide from the Airborne Volcanic Imaging Object Detector (AVOID). Down-wind plume dispersion was discriminated through a series of aircraft transects below and through the volcanic plume. The emissions contained large amounts of nanoparticles relative to microparticles, which reflects gas-phase nucleation of sulphate aerosol. The AVOID system discriminated horizontal layering of volcanic aerosol at altitudes of up to 12,000 ft from a detection range of >50 km. Plume boundaries were discriminated using a combination of the in situ and DOAS measurements in order to compare to the pathlength-integrated measurements from AVOID. KW - Luftreinhaltung KW - Forschungsflugzeug KW - Messtechnik KW - Telemetrie KW - Schwefeldioxid KW - Vulkanismus KW - Atmosphärisches Aerosol Y1 - 2012 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Weber, Konradin A1 - Fischer, Christian A1 - Vogel, Andreas A1 - Pohl, Tobias A1 - Böhlke, Christoph A1 - Lau, Hendrik A1 - Eliasson, Jonas A1 - Palsson, Thorgeir ED - Mladenov, Valeri ED - Tasho, Tashev ED - Hui, Wang ED - Ivan, Kralov ED - Sergey, Stankevich ED - Pelin, Yildiz ED - Jon, Burley T1 - First results of an airborne release of volcanic ash for testing of volcanic ash plume measurement instruments T2 - Recent Advances in Energy and Environmental Management KW - Luftreinhaltung KW - Vulkanasche KW - Messtechnik KW - Forschungsflugzeug Y1 - 2013 VL - Energy, Environmental and Structural Engineering Series 13 SP - 169 EP - 172 PB - WSEAS ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weber, Konradin A1 - Heweling, Georg A1 - Fischer, Christian A1 - Lange, Martin T1 - The use of an octocopter UAV for the determination of air pollutants – a case study of the traffic induced pollution plume around a river bridge in Duesseldorf, Germany JF - International Journal of Environmental Science N2 - Emissions of air pollutants from the road traffic are still a major problem in Germany. It is well known that traffic induced fine particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5, PM1), ultrafine particles (UFPs) and gaseous air pollutants, like e.g. NOx, are adverse to human health. Therefore it is important to monitor these air pollutants in the cities. In this study an octocopter UAV is used as a carrier for measurement systems for UFPs, fine particulate matter and soot. This instrumented octocopter was used for studying the vertical and horizontal variation of the air pollution plume, which originated from the traffic on a river bridge, connecting two parts of Duesseldorf in Germany. This octocopter UAV had been especially designed and built at the Duesseldorf University of Applied Sciences for measurements of air pollutants. It was featuring eight 900 W electric propeller drives and was equipped with a pixhawk flight control. Its lift off weight was about 10.5 kg. About 60 measurement flights were performed by the instrumented octocopter throughout this study. These measurement flights could clearly determine the traffic induced air pollution plume originating from the bridge. Moreover, the dispersion of UFPs within the pollution plume could be monitored with the octocopter flights. KW - Luftreinhaltung KW - Flugkörper KW - Messtechnik KW - Feinstaub KW - Luftqualität KW - Luftverschmutzung Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50805 SN - 2367-8941 VL - 2 SP - 63 EP - 66 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weber, Konradin A1 - Fischer, Christian A1 - Pohl, Tobias A1 - Böhlke, Christoph A1 - Lange, Martin A1 - Scharifi, Emad A1 - Eliasson, Jonas A1 - Yoshitani, Junichi T1 - The Application of Light Research Aircraft for the Investigation of Volcano Eruption Plumes, Industrial Emissions and Urban Plumes JF - WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development N2 - Airborne measurements have proved to be an important tool for the investigation of volcanic emission plumes, industrial pollution plumes, fugitive emissions and urban pollution plumes. In this paper several examples are demonstrated, how these investigations can be performed by light and microlight propeller aircraft. Throughout the last years innovative aircraft were developed in the light and microlight class showing an excellent flight performance. This enables airborne measurements, which were performed in former years normally by big jet engine driven research aircraft. Moreover, these light and microlight aircraft are equipped with piston motors, which are sturdy enough to operate even in adverse and harsh flight conditions, e.g. in volcanic plumes with high ash concentration. Additionally, turbo charged versions of these airborne piston motors are available, which allow flight altitudes of 7000m – 9000m enabling a large variety of research missions. Another advantage of light and microlight research aircraft is that they are quite cost effective and have a comparatively short certification process for the installation of new measurement equipment. This made it possible to respond fast to the eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull 2010 and Grimsvötn 2011 with research flights in volcanic ash plumes over Germany and Iceland. In this way it was possible to deliver real airborne measurements additional to the ash plume model calculations of the London Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC). In this paper examples of airborne measurements in the volcanic plumes of the recent eruptions of Icelandic volcanoes are given. Moreover examples are presented, which highlight the outstanding capabilities of these aircraft for pinpointing industrial emissions and for characterizing urban pollution plumes. KW - Luftreinhaltung KW - Vulkanismus KW - Vulkanasche KW - Forschungsflugzeug KW - Leichtflugzeug KW - Messtechnik Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50892 SN - 2224-3496 N1 - Open Access Statement: "This is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, deposit to institutional repositories or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access." https://wseas.com/open-access-statement.php VL - 11 SP - 89 EP - 94 PB - WSEAS ER -