@inproceedings{PieriDiazBlandetal.2014, author = {Pieri, D. C. and Diaz, J. A. and Bland, G. and Fladeland, M. M. and Abtahi, A. and Alan, A. Jr. and Alegria, O. and Azofeifa, S. and Berthold, R. and Corrales, E. and Fuerstenau, S. and Gerardi, J. and Herlth, D. and Hickman, G. and Hunter, G. and Linick, J. and Mardigal, Y. and Makel, D. and Miles, T. and Realmuto, V. J. and Storms, B. and Vogel, A. and Kolyer, R. and Weber, Konradin}, title = {Systematic observations of Volc{\´a}n Turrialba, Costa Rica, with small unmanned aircraft and aerostats (UAVs): the Costa Rican Airborne Research and Technology Applications (CARTA) missions [Abstract]}, series = {American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2014}, booktitle = {American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2014}, year = {2014}, abstract = {For several years, the University of Costa Rica, NASA Centers (e.g., JPL, ARC, GSFC/WFF, GRC) \& NASA contractors-partners have made regular in situ measurements of aerosols \& gases at Turrialba Volcano in Costa Rica, with aerostats (e.g., tethered balloons \& kites), \& free-flying fixed wing UAVs (e.g., Dragon Eye, Vector Wing 100, DELTA 150), at altitudes up to 12.5Kft ASL within 5km of the summit. Onboard instruments included gas detectors (e.g., SO2, CO2), visible \& thermal IR cameras, air samplers, temperature pressure \& humidity sensors, particle counters, \& a nephelometer. Deployments are timed to support bimonthly overflights of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) onboard the NASA Terra satellite (26 deployments to date). In situ observations of dilute plume SO2 concentrations (~1-20ppmv), plume dimensions, and associated temperature, pressure, \& humidity profiles, validate detailed radiative transfer-based SO2 retrievals, as well as archive-wide ASTER band-ratio SO2 algorithms. Our recent UAV-based CO2 observations confirm high concentrations (e.g., ~3000ppmv max at summit jet), with 1000-1500ppmv flank values, and essentially global background CO2 levels (400ppmv) over distal surroundings. Transient Turrialba He detections (up to 20ppmv) were obtained with a small (~10kg) airborne mass spectrometer on a light aircraft—a UAV version (~3kg) will deploy there soon on the UCR DELTA 500. Thus, these platforms, though small (most payloads <500gm), can perform valuable systematic measurements of potential eruption hazards, as well as of volcano processes. Because they are economical, flexible, and effective, such platforms promise unprecedented capabilities for researchers and responders throughout Central and South America, undertaking volcanic data acquisitions uniquely suited to such small aircraft in close proximity to known hazards, or that were previously only available using full-sized manned aircraft. This work was carried out, in part, at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory of the California Institute of Technology under NASA contract. We are grateful to the Universidad de Costa Rica, the NASA Airborne Science and Earth Surface \& Interior Programs, the Direcci{\´o}n General de Aeron{\´a}utica Civil de Costa Rica, and FH D{\"u}sseldorf for their support.}, subject = {Vulkanismus}, language = {en} } @article{GeneralPoehlerSihleretal.2014, author = {General, S. and P{\"o}hler, D. and Sihler, H. and Bobrowski, N. and Frieß, U. and Zielcke, J. and Horbanski, M. and Shepson, P. B. and Stirm, B. H. and Simpson, W. R. and Weber, Konradin and Fischer, C. and Platt, U.}, title = {The Heidelberg Airborne Imaging DOAS Instrument (HAIDI) - a novel imaging DOAS device for 2-D and 3-D imaging of trace gases and aerosols}, series = {Atmospheric Measurement Techniques}, volume = {7}, journal = {Atmospheric Measurement Techniques}, number = {10}, publisher = {Copernicus}, issn = {1867-8548}, doi = {10.5194/amt-7-3459-2014}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50179}, pages = {3459 -- 3485}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Abstract. Many relevant processes in tropospheric chemistry take place on rather small scales (e.g., tens to hundreds of meters) but often influence areas of several square kilometer. Thus, measurements of the involved trace gases with high spatial resolution are of great scientific interest. In order to identify individual sources and sinks and ultimately to improve chemical transport models, we developed a new airborne instrument, which is based on the well established Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) method. The Heidelberg Airborne Imaging DOAS Instrument (HAIDI) is a passive imaging DOAS spectrometer, which is capable of recording horizontal and vertical trace gas distributions with a resolution of better than 100 m. Observable species include NO2, HCHO, C2H2O2, H2O, O3, O4, SO2, IO, OClO and BrO. Here we give a technical description of the instrument including its custom-built spectrographs and CCD detectors. Also first results from measurements with the new instrument are presented. These comprise spatial resolved SO2 and BrO in volcanic plumes, mapped at Mt. Etna (Sicily, Italy), NO2 emissions in the metropolitan area of Indianapolis (Indiana, USA) as well as BrO and NO2 distributions measured during arctic springtime in context of the BRomine, Ozone, and Mercury EXperiment (BROMEX) campaign, which was performed 2012 in Barrow (Alaska, USA).}, language = {en} }