@inproceedings{PieriDiazBlandetal.2014, author = {Pieri, D. C. and Diaz, J. A. and Bland, G. and Fladeland, M. M. and Abtahi, A. and Alan, A. Jr. and Alegria, O. and Azofeifa, S. and Berthold, R. and Corrales, E. and Fuerstenau, S. and Gerardi, J. and Herlth, D. and Hickman, G. and Hunter, G. and Linick, J. and Mardigal, Y. and Makel, D. and Miles, T. and Realmuto, V. J. and Storms, B. and Vogel, A. and Kolyer, R. and Weber, Konradin}, title = {Systematic observations of Volc{\´a}n Turrialba, Costa Rica, with small unmanned aircraft and aerostats (UAVs): the Costa Rican Airborne Research and Technology Applications (CARTA) missions [Abstract]}, series = {American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2014}, booktitle = {American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2014}, year = {2014}, abstract = {For several years, the University of Costa Rica, NASA Centers (e.g., JPL, ARC, GSFC/WFF, GRC) \& NASA contractors-partners have made regular in situ measurements of aerosols \& gases at Turrialba Volcano in Costa Rica, with aerostats (e.g., tethered balloons \& kites), \& free-flying fixed wing UAVs (e.g., Dragon Eye, Vector Wing 100, DELTA 150), at altitudes up to 12.5Kft ASL within 5km of the summit. Onboard instruments included gas detectors (e.g., SO2, CO2), visible \& thermal IR cameras, air samplers, temperature pressure \& humidity sensors, particle counters, \& a nephelometer. Deployments are timed to support bimonthly overflights of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) onboard the NASA Terra satellite (26 deployments to date). In situ observations of dilute plume SO2 concentrations (~1-20ppmv), plume dimensions, and associated temperature, pressure, \& humidity profiles, validate detailed radiative transfer-based SO2 retrievals, as well as archive-wide ASTER band-ratio SO2 algorithms. Our recent UAV-based CO2 observations confirm high concentrations (e.g., ~3000ppmv max at summit jet), with 1000-1500ppmv flank values, and essentially global background CO2 levels (400ppmv) over distal surroundings. Transient Turrialba He detections (up to 20ppmv) were obtained with a small (~10kg) airborne mass spectrometer on a light aircraft—a UAV version (~3kg) will deploy there soon on the UCR DELTA 500. Thus, these platforms, though small (most payloads <500gm), can perform valuable systematic measurements of potential eruption hazards, as well as of volcano processes. Because they are economical, flexible, and effective, such platforms promise unprecedented capabilities for researchers and responders throughout Central and South America, undertaking volcanic data acquisitions uniquely suited to such small aircraft in close proximity to known hazards, or that were previously only available using full-sized manned aircraft. This work was carried out, in part, at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory of the California Institute of Technology under NASA contract. We are grateful to the Universidad de Costa Rica, the NASA Airborne Science and Earth Surface \& Interior Programs, the Direcci{\´o}n General de Aeron{\´a}utica Civil de Costa Rica, and FH D{\"u}sseldorf for their support.}, subject = {Vulkanismus}, language = {en} } @article{PrataDezitterDaviesetal.2016, author = {Prata, A. J. and Dezitter, F. and Davies, I. and Weber, Konradin and Birnfeld, M. and Moriano, D. and Bernardo, C. and Vogel, A. and Prata, G. S. and Mather, T. A. and Thomas, H. E. and Cammas, J. and Weber, M.}, title = {Artificial cloud test confirms volcanic ash detection using infrared spectral imaging}, series = {Scientific reports}, volume = {6}, journal = {Scientific reports}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, doi = {10.1038/srep25620}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Airborne volcanic ash particles are a known hazard to aviation. Currently, there are no means available to detect ash in flight as the particles are too fine (radii < 30 μm) for on-board radar detection and, even in good visibility, ash clouds are difficult or impossible to detect by eye. The economic cost and societal impact of the April/May 2010 Icelandic eruption of Eyjafjallaj{\"o}kull generated renewed interest in finding ways to identify airborne volcanic ash in order to keep airspace open and avoid aircraft groundings. We have designed and built a bi-spectral, fast-sampling, uncooled infrared camera device (AVOID) to examine its ability to detect volcanic ash from commercial jet aircraft at distances of more than 50 km ahead. Here we report results of an experiment conducted over the Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of France, confirming the ability of the device to detect and quantify volcanic ash in an artificial ash cloud created by dispersal of volcanic ash from a second aircraft. A third aircraft was used to measure the ash in situ using optical particle counters. The cloud was composed of very fine ash (mean radii ~10 μm) collected from Iceland immediately after the Eyjafjallaj{\"o}kull eruption and had a vertical thickness of ~200 m, a width of ~2 km and length of between 2 and 12 km. Concentrations of ~200 μg m(-3) were identified by AVOID at distances from ~20 km to ~70 km. For the first time, airborne remote detection of volcanic ash has been successfully demonstrated from a long-range flight test aircraft.}, language = {en} } @article{MoxnesKristiansenStohletal.2014, author = {Moxnes, E. D. and Kristiansen, N. I. and Stohl, A. and Clarisse, L. and Durant, A. and Weber, Konradin and Vogel, A.}, title = {Separation of ash and sulfur dioxide during the 2011 Gr{\´i}msv{\"o}tn eruption}, series = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres}, volume = {119}, journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres}, number = {12}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union (AGU)}, issn = {2169-8996}, doi = {10.1002/2013JD021129}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50162}, pages = {7477 -- 7501}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @article{BirmiliRueckerlHoffmanetal.2014, author = {Birmili, W. and R{\"u}ckerl, R. and Hoffman, W. and Weinmayer, G. and Schins, R. and Kuhlbusch, T. A. J. and Vogel, A. and Weber, Konradin and Franck, U. and Cyrys, J. and Peters, A.}, title = {Ultrafeine Partikel in der Außenluft: Perspektiven zur Aufkl{\"a}rung ihrer Gesundheitseffekte}, series = {Gefahrstoffe: Reinhaltung der Luft}, volume = {74}, journal = {Gefahrstoffe: Reinhaltung der Luft}, number = {11/12}, issn = {1436-4891}, pages = {492 -- 500}, year = {2014}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{VogelWeberFischeretal.2012, author = {Vogel, Andreas and Weber, Konradin and Fischer, Christian and Prata, A. J. and Durant, A. J.}, title = {Aircraft in situ and remote sensing measurements of emissions from Etna volcano, Sicily}, series = {Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2012}, booktitle = {Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2012}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Volcanoes emit particles (silicates and sulphate aerosol) and gases (e.g., water and sulphur dioxide) which influence the radiative balance of the atmosphere. The rate at which sulphur dioxide oxidises to sulphate aerosol is poorly constrained and measurements of downwind abundance are required to quantify the rate at which this process occurs. During July and November 2011, a series of measurements were performed in emissions from Etna Volcano, Sicily, using the University of Applied Sciences (Dusseldorf) research aircraft. Both in situ and remote sensing instrumentation was simultaneously deployed to quantify the down-wind characteristics of gases and particles in the plume emitted by the volcano. In situ particle characteristics were measured using a Grimm 1.109 optical particle counter (microparticles 0.25-32 microns) and Grimm 1320 diffusion electrometer (nanoparticles 25-300 nanometers). Column abundance of sulphur dioxide was measured using a vertically-pointing differential optical absorption spectrometer (DOAS). These measurements were compared to horizontal pathlength-integrated measurements of sulphur dioxide from the Airborne Volcanic Imaging Object Detector (AVOID). Down-wind plume dispersion was discriminated through a series of aircraft transects below and through the volcanic plume. The emissions contained large amounts of nanoparticles relative to microparticles, which reflects gas-phase nucleation of sulphate aerosol. The AVOID system discriminated horizontal layering of volcanic aerosol at altitudes of up to 12,000 ft from a detection range of >50 km. Plume boundaries were discriminated using a combination of the in situ and DOAS measurements in order to compare to the pathlength-integrated measurements from AVOID.}, subject = {Forschungsflugzeug}, language = {en} } @article{CarapezzaBarberiRanaldietal.2012, author = {Carapezza, M. L. and Barberi, F. and Ranaldi, M. and Ricci, T. and Tarchini, L. and Barrancos, Jos{\´e} and Fischer, C. and Granieri, D. and Lucchetti, C. and Melian, G. and Perez, N. and Tuccimei, P. and Vogel, A. and Weber, Konradin}, title = {Hazardous gas emissions from the flanks of the quiescent Colli Albani volcano (Rome, Italy)}, series = {Applied Geochemistry}, volume = {27}, journal = {Applied Geochemistry}, number = {9}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.02.012}, pages = {1767 -- 1782}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @article{HeninStelmaszczykPetrarcaetal.2013, author = {Henin, S. and Stelmaszczyk, K. and Petrarca, M. and Rohwetter, P. and Hao, Z. Q. and L{\"u}der, J. and Petit, Y. and Vogel, A. and Weber, Konradin and Kasparian, J. and W{\"o}ste, L. and Wolf, J.-P.}, title = {Laser Filament Induced Water Condensation}, series = {EPJ Web of Conferences}, volume = {41}, journal = {EPJ Web of Conferences}, publisher = {edp sciences}, doi = {10.1051/epjconf/20134112008}, year = {2013}, abstract = {C Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2013}, language = {en} } @article{JolyPetrarcaVogeletal.2013, author = {Joly, P. and Petrarca, M. and Vogel, A. and Pohl, T. and Nagy, T. and Jusforgues, Q. and Simon, P. and Kasparian, J. and Weber, K. and Wolf, J.-P.}, title = {Laser-induced condensation by ultrashort laser pulses at 248 nm}, series = {Applied Physics Letters}, volume = {102}, journal = {Applied Physics Letters}, number = {9}, publisher = {AIP}, doi = {10.1063/1.4794416}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{FischerPohlWeberetal.2012, author = {Fischer, C. and Pohl, T. and Weber, Konradin and Vogel, A. and van Haren, G. and Schweikert, W.}, title = {TATP stand-off detection with open path: FTIR techniques}, series = {Optics and photonics for counterterrorism, crime fighting and defence VIII : 24 - 26 September 2012, Edinburgh, United Kingdom}, volume = {8546}, booktitle = {Optics and photonics for counterterrorism, crime fighting and defence VIII : 24 - 26 September 2012, Edinburgh, United Kingdom}, editor = {Lewis, Colin and Burgess, Douglas}, publisher = {SPIE}, address = {Bellingham, Wash}, isbn = {978-0-8194-9287-6}, issn = {0277-786X}, doi = {10.1117/12.974592}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @article{WeberEliassonVogeletal.2012, author = {Weber, Konradin and Eliasson, J. and Vogel, A. and Fischer, C. and Pohl, T. and van Haren, G. and Meier, M. and Grob{\´e}ty, B. and Dahmann, D.}, title = {Airborne in-situ investigations of the Eyjafjallaj{\"o}kull volcanic ash plume on Iceland and over north-western Germany with light aircrafts and optical particle counters}, series = {Atmospheric Environment}, volume = {48}, journal = {Atmospheric Environment}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {1352-2310}, doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.10.030}, pages = {9 -- 21}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @article{PetrarcaHeninStelmaszczyketal.2011, author = {Petrarca, M. and Henin, S. and Stelmaszczyk, K. and Bock, S. and Kraft, S. and Schramm, U. and Vaneph, C. and Vogel, A. and Kasparian, J. and Sauerbrey, R. and Weber, Konradin and W{\"o}ste, L. and Wolf, J.-P.}, title = {Multijoule scaling of laser-induced condensation in air}, series = {Applied Physics Letters}, volume = {99}, journal = {Applied Physics Letters}, number = {14}, publisher = {AIP Publishing}, issn = {0003-6951}, doi = {10.1063/1.3646397}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Using 100 TW laser pulses, we demonstrate that laser-induced nanometric particle generation in air increases much faster than the beam-averaged incident intensity. This increase is due to a contribution from the photon bath, which adds up with the previously identified one from the filaments and becomes dominant above 550 GW/cm2. It appears related to ozone formation via multiphoton dissociation of the oxygen molecules and demonstrates the critical need for further increasing the laser energy in view of macroscopic effects in laser-induced condensation.}, language = {en} } @article{PetitHeninKasparianetal.2011, author = {Petit, Y. and Henin, S. and Kasparian, J. and Wolf, J. P. and Rohwetter, P. and Stelmaszczyk, K. and Hao, Z. Q. and Nakaema, W. M. and W{\"o}ste, L. and Vogel, A. and Pohl, T. and Weber, Konradin}, title = {Influence of pulse duration, energy, and focusing on laser-assisted water condensation}, series = {Applied Physics Letters}, volume = {98}, journal = {Applied Physics Letters}, number = {4}, publisher = {AIP Publishing}, issn = {0003-6951}, doi = {10.1063/1.3546172}, year = {2011}, abstract = {We investigate the influence of laser parameters on laser-assisted water condensation in the atmosphere. Pulse energy is the most critical parameter. Nanoparticle generation depends linearly on energy beyond the filamentation threshold. Shorter pulses are more efficient than longer ones with saturation at ∼1.5 ps. Multifilamenting beams appear more efficient than strongly focused ones in triggering the condensation and growth of submicronic particles, while polarization has a negligible influence on the process. The data suggest that the initiation of laser-assisted condensation relies on the photodissociation of the air molecules rather than on their photoionization.}, language = {en} }