@techreport{AdamDreherEblingetal.2017, author = {Adam, Mario and Dreher, Martina and Ebling, Dirk and Knopp, Reinhold and Neef, Matthias and Niess, Robert and Pohl, Tobias and Stahl, Wilhelm and van Rießen, Anne and Waldow, Friederike and Weber, Konradin and Weis, Stephanie}, title = {LUST Forschungsprojekt - lebenswerte und umweltgerechte Stadt}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, organization = {Hochschule D{\"u}sseldorf}, isbn = {978-3-941334-43-4}, doi = {10.20385/978-3-941334-43-4}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-11458}, year = {2017}, abstract = {LUST (lebenswerte und umweltgerechte Stadt) ist ein interdisziplin{\"a}res Projekt der Fachbereiche Architektur, Maschinenbau und Verfahrenstechnik sowie Kultur- und Sozialwissenschaften der Hochschule D{\"u}sseldorf. Mittelpunkt des Projektes ist die fach{\"u}bergreifende Entwicklung neuer Konzepte f{\"u}r eine lebenswerte und umweltgerechte Stadt. Es wurde gef{\"o}rdert vom Land Nordrhein-Westfalen im Rahmen des Programms „FH Struktur".}, language = {de} } @article{BonnvonSchneidemesserAndrichetal.2016, author = {Bonn, Boris and von Schneidemesser, Erika and Andrich, Dorota and Quedenau, J{\"o}rn and Gerwig, Holger and L{\"u}decke, Anja and Kura, J{\"u}rgen and Pietsch, Axel and Ehlers, Christian and Klemp, Dieter and Kofahl, Claudia and Nothard, Rainer and Kerschbaumer, Andreas and Junkermann, Wolfgang and Grote, R{\"u}diger and Pohl, Tobias and Weber, Konradin and Lode, Birgit and Sch{\"o}nberger, Philipp and Churkina, Galina and Butler, Tim M. and Lawrence, Mark G.}, title = {BAERLIN2014 - the influence of land surface types on and the horizontal heterogeneity of air pollutant levels in Berlin}, series = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics}, volume = {16}, journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics}, number = {12}, publisher = {Copernicus}, issn = {1680-7324}, doi = {10.5194/acp-16-7785-2016}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50065}, pages = {7785 -- 7811}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Abstract. Urban air quality and human health are among the key aspects of future urban planning. In order to address pollutants such as ozone and particulate matter, efforts need to be made to quantify and reduce their concentrations. One important aspect in understanding urban air quality is the influence of urban vegetation which may act as both emitter and sink for trace gases and aerosol particles. In this context, the "Berlin Air quality and Ecosystem Research: Local and long-range Impact of anthropogenic and Natural hydrocarbons 2014" (BAERLIN2014) campaign was conducted between 2 June and 29 August in the metropolitan area of Berlin and Brandenburg, Germany. The predominant goals of the campaign were (1) the characterization of urban gaseous and particulate pollution and its attribution to anthropogenic and natural sources in the region of interest, especially considering the connection between biogenic volatile organic compounds and particulates and ozone; (2) the quantification of the impact of urban vegetation on organic trace gas levels and the presence of oxidants such as ozone; and (3) to explain the local heterogeneity of pollutants by defining the distribution of sources and sinks relevant for the interpretation of model simulations. In order to do so, the campaign included stationary measurements at urban background station and mobile observations carried out from bicycle, van and airborne platforms. This paper provides an overview of the mobile measurements (Mobile BAERLIN2014) and general conclusions drawn from the analysis. Bicycle measurements showed micro-scale variations of temperature and particulate matter, displaying a substantial reduction of mean temperatures and particulate levels in the proximity of vegetated areas compared to typical urban residential area (background) measurements. Van measurements extended the area covered by bicycle observations and included continuous measurements of O3, NOx, CO, CO2 and point-wise measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at representative sites for traffic- and vegetation-affected sites. The quantification displayed notable horizontal heterogeneity of the short-lived gases and particle number concentrations. For example, baseline concentrations of the traffic-related chemical species CO and NO varied on average by up to ±22.2 and ±63.5 \%, respectively, on the scale of 100 m around any measurement location. Airborne observations revealed the dominant source of elevated urban particulate number and mass concentrations being local, i.e., not being caused by long-range transport. Surface-based observations related these two parameters predominantly to traffic sources. Vegetated areas lowered the pollutant concentrations substantially with ozone being reduced most by coniferous forests, which is most likely caused by their reactive biogenic VOC emissions. With respect to the overall potential to reduce air pollutant levels, forests were found to result in the largest decrease, followed by parks and facilities for sports and leisure. Surface temperature was generally 0.6-2.1 °C lower in vegetated regions, which in turn will have an impact on tropospheric chemical processes. Based on our findings, effective future mitigation activities to provide a more sustainable and healthier urban environment should focus predominantly on reducing fossil-fuel emissions from traffic as well as on increasing vegetated areas.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HaddadJeongKappeleretal.2024, author = {Haddad, Pascale and Jeong, Haeran and Kappeler, Ron and Altug, Hicran and Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic and Bergmann, Marie and Boogaard, Hanna and Kutlar, Meltem Joss and Lim, Youn Hee and Loft, Steffen and Pohl, Tobias and Hoffmann, Barbara}, title = {Systematic review on health effects of long-term exposure to UFP}, series = {ISEE Conference Abstracts}, volume = {2024}, booktitle = {ISEE Conference Abstracts}, number = {1}, publisher = {Environmental Health Perspectives}, address = {Durham, NC}, issn = {1078-0475}, doi = {10.1289/isee.2024.0574}, year = {2024}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIM [|] Due to their small size, ultrafine particles (UFP≤100nm) can reach deeply into the lungs and could exert higher toxicity on the body organs in comparison with fine particulate matter. Only ten epidemiological studies examined long-term UFP exposure and health effects according to the most recent review from 2019 that included studies until 2017. We systematically reviewed the literature on health effects of long-term exposure to UFP. METHOD [|] Epidemiological studies were searched comprehensively in PubMed and LUDOK (the Swiss literature database on air pollution and health) from January 2017 to September 2023. Original epidemiologic studies were included if they reported on the general or sub-populations, assessed long-term exposure of UFP measures, investigated clinical or preclinical health outcomes and reported a quantifiable measure of association. Internal validity of studies was evaluated with a risk of bias instrument. The project is funded by the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conversation, Nuclear Safety and Consumer Protection and supervised by the German Environment Agency (FKZ 3721 61 202 0). RESULTS [|] We identified 53 original studies investigating long-term associations. The vast majority were cohort studies (79.2\%) conducted in the general population (62.3\%). Half (54.7\%) were located in western Europe. UFP was measured and modelled in various ways; more than a third of the studies (41.5\%) used land-use regression models. Thirty studies adjusted for at least one co-pollutant. Most identified outcomes were cardiometabolic (43.4\%), respiratory (13.2\%) and birth outcomes (13.2\%). Positive associations with long-term UFP exposure were reported for cardiometabolic, respiratory and birth outcomes for 78.5\%, 42.9\% and 50.0\% of studies, respectively. CONCLUSIONS [|] The evidence base has increased substantially since the publication of the 2019 review. Positive associations were reported, in particular for cardiometabolic outcomes.}, subject = {Exposition (Medizin)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WeberVogelFischeretal.2010, author = {Weber, Konradin and Vogel, Andreas and Fischer, Christian and van Haren, G{\"u}nther and Pohl, Tobias}, title = {Airborne measurements of the Eyjafjallaj{\"o}kull volcanic ash plume over northwestern Germany with a light aircraft and an optical particle counter: first results}, series = {Lidar technologies, techniques, and measurements for atmospheric remote sensing VI : 20 - 21 September 2010, Toulouse, Franc}, volume = {7832}, booktitle = {Lidar technologies, techniques, and measurements for atmospheric remote sensing VI : 20 - 21 September 2010, Toulouse, Franc}, number = {7832OP}, editor = {Singh, Upendra N. and Pappalardo, Gelsomina}, publisher = {SPIE}, address = {Bellingham, Wash.}, isbn = {978-0-8194-8349-2}, issn = {0277-786X}, doi = {10.1117/12.869629}, year = {2010}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WeberFischerVogeletal.2013, author = {Weber, Konradin and Fischer, Christian and Vogel, Andreas and Pohl, Tobias and B{\"o}hlke, Christoph and Lau, Hendrik and Eliasson, Jonas and Palsson, Thorgeir}, title = {First results of an airborne release of volcanic ash for testing of volcanic ash plume measurement instruments}, series = {Recent Advances in Energy and Environmental Management}, volume = {Energy, Environmental and Structural Engineering Series 13}, booktitle = {Recent Advances in Energy and Environmental Management}, editor = {Mladenov, Valeri and Tasho, Tashev and Hui, Wang and Ivan, Kralov and Sergey, Stankevich and Pelin, Yildiz and Jon, Burley}, publisher = {WSEAS}, pages = {169 -- 172}, year = {2013}, subject = {Vulkanasche}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PohlWeberFischeretal.2019, author = {Pohl, Tobias and Weber, Konradin and Fischer, Christian and Kramer, Tim}, title = {Investigation of the Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Ultrafine Particles with Stationary and Mobile Measurements at the International Airport in Duesseldorf}, series = {European Aerosol Conference 2019, 25.-30. August 2019, Gothenburg, Sweden}, booktitle = {European Aerosol Conference 2019, 25.-30. August 2019, Gothenburg, Sweden}, year = {2019}, subject = {Feinstaub}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WeberKramerFischeretal.2019, author = {Weber, Konradin and Kramer, Tim and Fischer, Christian and Pohl, Tobias and B{\"o}hlke, Christoph}, title = {Evaluation of low cost and mid cost sensors for fine particulate matter at urban sites}, series = {Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2019}, volume = {21}, booktitle = {Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2019}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, year = {2019}, abstract = {High ambient air concentrations of fine particulate matter are a problem in many European cities, especially in traffic loaded street canyons. Therefore, the introduction of traffic restricted or traffic reduced areas is discussed as a countermeasure in several towns. However, at that point it is not always clear, in what extent the restriction of traffic in presently overloaded streets causes the exceeding of limit values in other areas of the town after the redirection of the traffic. Presently this cannot be recorded appropriately, when the concentrations of fine particulate matter are monitored only at rarely distributed single points by the official measurement systems of the environmental state agencies. On the other hand, meanwhile there are low cost and mid cost sensors for the measurement of fine particulate matter available, which enable the parallel monitoring with many measurement systems in an extended area of the town. By this way, the effect of traffic restrictions on the distribution of fine particulate matter in the city can potentially be observed. However, at this point the question arises, how reliable the results are, which are delivered by the low and mid cost sensors for fine particulate matter. For this reason different low cost and mid cost sensors have been evaluated for this study and intercompared with certified reference measurement systems for fine particulate matter. The study comprised the sensors SDS011 (Nova Fitness), which is in use already for several citizen science projects in Germany, SPS30 (Sensirion), OPC-R1 (Alphasense), OPC-N2 (Alphasense) and OPC-N3 (Alphasense). This study was performed at urban sites in D{\"u}sseldorf (Germany) for several weeks and covered different traffic loads and different meteorological situations, in order to get representative results. As atmospheric humidity can influence the measurement results, the humidity was measured in parallel to the fine particulate matter. It could be shown that the validity of the measurement results of fine particulate matter could be improved, when the parallel readings of the humidity were taken into account.}, subject = {Messtechnik}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WeberHewelingPohletal.2019, author = {Weber, Konradin and Heweling, Georg and Pohl, Tobias and Fischer, Christian and B{\"o}hlke, Christoph}, title = {Untersuchung der raum-zeitlichen Variabilit{\"a}t verschiedener Luftschadstoffe in der Innenstadt D{\"u}sseldorfs mit mobilen Messungen}, series = {Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft e.V.}, booktitle = {Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft e.V.}, publisher = {Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft e.V.}, address = {Bad Honnef}, year = {2019}, subject = {Luftverunreinigender Stoff}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{WeberKramerPohletal.2019, author = {Weber, Konradin and Kramer, Tim and Pohl, Tobias and Fischer, Christian}, title = {Evaluation und Vergleich von kosteng{\"u}nstigen Sensoren f{\"u}r Feinstaub}, series = {Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft e.V.}, booktitle = {Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft e.V.}, publisher = {Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft e.V.}, address = {Bad Honnef}, year = {2019}, subject = {Messtechnik}, language = {de} } @article{AsbachHellackSchumacheretal.2018, author = {Asbach, Christof and Hellack, Bryan and Schumacher, Stefan and B{\"a}ssler, Michael and Spreitzer, Michael and Pohl, Tobias and Weber, Konradin and Monz, Christian and Bieder, Stefan and Schultze, Thorsten and Todea, Ana Maria}, title = {Anwendungsm{\"o}glichkeiten und Grenzen kosteng{\"u}nstiger Feinstaubsensoren}, series = {Gefahrstoffe: Reinhaltung der Luft}, volume = {78}, journal = {Gefahrstoffe: Reinhaltung der Luft}, number = {6}, pages = {242 -- 250}, year = {2018}, subject = {Messtechnik}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{WeberKramerFischeretal.2018, author = {Weber, Konradin and Kramer, Tim and Fischer, Christian and Pohl, Tobias and Schulenberg, Malte and Heweling, Georg and B{\"o}hlke, Christoph}, title = {Testing and evaluation of low-cost sensors for fine particulate matter PM10 and PM2.5}, series = {Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2018}, volume = {20}, booktitle = {Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2018}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, year = {2018}, abstract = {It is well known from medical studies that fine particulate matter has adverse effects to human health. However, exceeding of limit values for fine particulate matter PM10 and PM2.5 is still a problem in major German cities. Therefore, fine particulate matter is monitored in Germany by environmental state agencies at fixed stations with certified instruments. These certified instruments are able to deliver reliable and high quality results. However, because of the costs of these certified instruments and the maintenance efforts, only few measurements stations are placed in the cities at places, which are regarded as representative for the air pollution. On the other hand, it is of interest to know the concentration of fine particulate matter in areas and at places, which are not covered by the fixed measurement stations of the environmental state agencies. In this situation citizen science projects started in Germany using low cost sensors for fine particulate matter. In principle, with these low cost sensors citizens could measure fine particulate matter at places and in situations of their interests. However, at that point the question of reliability of the low cost sensor data arises. Therefore the Duesseldorf University of Applied Sciences (HSD) in Germany started a project for the testing and evaluation of low-cost sensors. For this reason 20 low-cost sensor units have been built up based on the SDS 011 sensor of Nova Fitness Inc. within the Laboratory for Environmental Measurement Techniques at HSD. The sensor measurement data can be transferred into a network and can be visualized on a digital map. This testing and evaluation at HSD of the low-cost sensors comprised: • Short term and long term comparison studies within the laboratory and at different urban sites with a certifiedwide range aerosol measurement system (Grimm WRAS). • Short term and long term comparison studies within the laboratory and at different urban sites with mid-cost sensors (Alphasense AN2). • Intercomparison testing and evaluation of sensors of the same production charge. • Intercomparison testing and evaluation of sensors of different production charges. • Testing and evaluation of the sensors at different meteorological conditions. The results of this testing and evaluation will be presented at the conference. Moreover, the potential of additional applications for low-cost sensors, e.g. for mobile measurements (multicopter UAS, bicycles, pedestrians) or for the validation of air pollution models, will be discussed}, subject = {Messtechnik}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WeberScharifiFischeretal.2017, author = {Weber, Konradin and Scharifi, Emad and Fischer, Christian and Pohl, Tobias and Lange, Martin and B{\"o}hlke, Christoph}, title = {Mobile measurements of air pollutants with an instrumented car in populated areas}, series = {Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2017}, volume = {19}, booktitle = {Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2017}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Detailed mobile measurement of gases and fine particulate matter has been reported in the literature to be suitable to exhibit the air pollutants concentration in populated areas. This concentration is linked to the increase of number of cars, construction areas, industries and other emission sources. However, fixed measurement stations, mostly operated by environmental agencies, are limited in numbers and cannot cover a large area in monitoring. For this reason, to overcome this drawback, mobile measurements of the variability of gases (such as O3, NO, NO2) and particulate matter concentration were carried out during this study using an instrumented car. This car was able to deliver measurement results of all these compounds in a large area. The experimental results in this work demonstrate a large spatial variability of gases and fine particulate matters mainly depended on the traffic density and the location. These effects are especially obvious in the city core and the high traffic roads. In terms of fine particulate matter, this becomes evident for PM 10 and PM 2.5, where the mass and number concentration increases with arriving these zones.}, subject = {Messtechnik}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WeberPohlFischeretal.2015, author = {Weber, Konradin and Pohl, Tobias and Fischer, Christian and Lange, Martin and B{\"o}hlke, Christoph}, title = {Determination of a Vertical Profile of Black Carbon by a Combined Application of a Light Research Aircraft and a Quadcopter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle - A Case Study Using an Airborne Ultraportable Micro-Aethalometer for Black Carbon Measurements at a Rural Site in Germany}, series = {Recent Researches in Electrical and Computer Engineering}, volume = {Recent Advances in Electrical Engineering Series 49}, booktitle = {Recent Researches in Electrical and Computer Engineering}, editor = {Valeri, Mladenov}, publisher = {WSEAS}, isbn = {978-1-61804-315-3}, issn = {1790-5117}, pages = {13 -- 18}, year = {2015}, subject = {Messtechnik}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WeberFischerLangeetal.2015, author = {Weber, Konradin and Fischer, Christian and Lange, Martin and Pohl, Tobias and B{\"o}hlke, Christoph and Wagner, Frank and Mattis, Ina and Flentje, Harald and Sturm, Klaus and Barth, Joachim and Steinkopff, Thomas and Vogel, Andreas}, title = {Aircraft measurements compared with ceilometer measurements during a sahara dust period in Germany}, series = {Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2015}, volume = {17}, booktitle = {Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2015}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, year = {2015}, abstract = {A significant Sahara dust event took place at the beginning of April 2014 over large areas of Germany and Europe. The German Weather Service (DWD) detected and monitored the expansion and propagation of this dust cloud with a ceilometer network of more than 50 ceilometers. Moreover, these ceilometers were also able to track the altitude of the dust cloud at the positions of the ceilometers. Additionally, aircraft measurements over Germany and France were performed with two aircraft by the Duesseldorf University of Applied Sciences. These aircraft were equipped with optical particle counters (OPC) and were able to measure the particle size distribution within the Sahara dust cloud and as a result of this to calculate the particle mass concentration of the dust. The ceilometer measurements and the aircraft measurements complemented each other: whereas the ceilometers gave continuous information about the Sahara dust cloud at the ceilometer positions, the aircraft measurements delivered interpolating results between the ceilometer positions. Moreover, at several ceilometer positions intercomparison flights were performed by spiraling with the aircraft up or down around the ceilometer laser beam. This gave the unique possibility for comparing the remote sensing results of the ceilometers with the in-situ measurements of the aircraft. This study shows that a significant high amount of Saharan dust particles was transported over Germany during a several days long episode. Furthermore, the intercomparison study between the German ceilometer network and aircraft measurements results shows a good agreement. A combination of these techniques could help to detect the vertical and horizontal distribution of the dust cloud and additionally the particle mass concentration.}, subject = {Deutscher Wetterdienst}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WeberKramerFischeretal.2019, author = {Weber, Konradin and Kramer, Tim and Fischer, Christian and Pohl, Tobias and B{\"o}hlke, Christoph}, title = {Application and Feld-Testing of Different Low Cost Sensors for Particulate Matter}, series = {European Aerosol Conference 2019, 25.-30. August 2019, Gothenburg, Sweden}, booktitle = {European Aerosol Conference 2019, 25.-30. August 2019, Gothenburg, Sweden}, year = {2019}, subject = {Messtechnik}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{VogelWeberFischeretal.2011, author = {Vogel, Andreas and Weber, Konradin and Fischer, Christian and van Haren, G{\"u}nther and Pohl, Tobias and Grobety, Bernhard and Meier, Mario}, title = {Airborne in-situ measurements of the Eyjafjalloj{\"o}kull ash plume with a small aircraft and optical particle spectrometers over north-western Germany - comparison between the aircraft measurements and the VAAC-model calculations}, series = {Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2011}, volume = {13}, booktitle = {Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2011}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, year = {2011}, abstract = {The eruption of the volcano Eyjafjallaj{\"o}kull (Iceland) in 2010 has caused a transportation of an ash dust plume over large areas of Europe. In April 2010 many airports in Europe were closed for several days because of the volcano ash plume and even in May 2010 several German and European airports were closed for shorter periods because of the danger caused by the volcanic ash dust. The VAAC (Volcanic Ash Advisory Center), London, has continuously published graphics of the predicted spread and dispersion of the volcanic ash plume, which were partly basis for the air traffic restrictions in Germany. In this situation the Laboratory for Environmental Measurement Techniques of the University of Applied Sciences in Duesseldorf has performed 14 measurement flights starting from April 23 2010 to May 21 2010 to get real airborne in-situ dust measurement data over the north-western part of Germany and for comparison with the predicted ash dispersion model data of the VAAC of London in Germany. Moreover, airborne passive DOAS remote sensing measurements have been performed by a mini-DOAS system for SO2-measurements within the plume. In this paper the results of the airborne optical ash particle measurements as well as the remote sensing SO2 measurements will be reported for situations with and without the volcanic plume over northern Germany in detail. Moreover, the measured dust data will be compared with the model dispersion predictions for the ash plume by the VAAC and with European limit concentrations. Main conclusions are: The „ash plume", found by the aircraft measurement of the Duesseldorf University of Applied Sciences over north western Germany in the "red zone" predicted by the VAAC turned out to be inhomogeneous during the measurement flights Clusters of ash plume sometimes had only a height extension of several hundred meters or less Ash substructures with a horizontal extension of ten kilometres up to several tenth of kilometres could be found Vertical double structures of ash plume could be measured by spiral flights and could be observed visually in horizontal direction Ash plume could be observed visually as small brown layer in horizontal direction Particles collected during flight could be identified as ash particles by electron microscope analysis and chemical analysis}, subject = {Vulkanasche}, language = {en} } @article{HeninPetitRohwetteretal.2011, author = {Henin, Stefano and Petit, Yannick and Rohwetter, Philipp and Stelmaszczyk, Kamil and Hao, Zuoqiang and Nakaema, Walter Morinobu and Vogel, Andreas and Pohl, Tobias and Schneider, Friedhelm and Kasparian, J{\´e}r{\^o}me and Weber, Konradin and W{\"o}ste, Ludger and Wolf, Jean-Pierre}, title = {Field measurements suggest the mechanism of laser-assisted water condensation}, series = {Nature Communications}, volume = {2}, journal = {Nature Communications}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, issn = {2041-1723}, doi = {10.1038/ncomms1462}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-52439}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Because of the potential impact on agriculture and other key human activities, efforts have been dedicated to the local control of precipitation. The most common approach consists of dispersing small particles of dry ice, silver iodide, or other salts in the atmosphere. Here we show, using field experiments conducted under various atmospheric conditions, that laser filaments can induce water condensation and fast droplet growth up to several μm in diameter in the atmosphere as soon as the relative humidity exceeds 70\%. We propose that this effect relies mainly on photochemical formation of p.p.m.-range concentrations of hygroscopic Hno3, allowing efficient binary Hno3-H2o condensation in the laser filaments. Thermodynamic, as well as kinetic, numerical modelling based on this scenario semiquantitatively reproduces the experimental results, suggesting that particle stabilization by Hno3 has a substantial role in the laser-induced condensation.}, subject = {Kondensation}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{StaehlerWeyersHoffmannetal.2025, author = {St{\"a}hler, Lisa and Weyers, Simone and Hoffmann, Barbara and Soppa, Vanessa and Oberwinster, Lukas and Weber, Konradin and Pohl, Tobias and Kuß, Oliver and Lang, Alexander and Pischke, Claudia}, title = {UNITY: Multistrategische Intervention zur F{\"o}rderung von Radmobilit{\"a}t, Gesundheit und Nachhaltigkeit im Rahmen der Stadtentwicklung D{\"u}sseldorf [Vortragsabstract]}, series = {60. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sozialmedizin und Pr{\"a}vention (DGSMP) Teilhabe und Ko-Kreation, 17. - 19. September 2025, Berlin}, booktitle = {60. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sozialmedizin und Pr{\"a}vention (DGSMP) Teilhabe und Ko-Kreation, 17. - 19. September 2025, Berlin}, year = {2025}, subject = {Stadtplanung}, language = {de} } @article{WeberFischerPohletal.2015, author = {Weber, Konradin and Fischer, Christian and Pohl, Tobias and B{\"o}hlke, Christoph and Lange, Martin and Scharifi, Emad and Eliasson, Jonas and Yoshitani, Junichi}, title = {The Application of Light Research Aircraft for the Investigation of Volcano Eruption Plumes, Industrial Emissions and Urban Plumes}, series = {WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development}, volume = {11}, journal = {WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development}, publisher = {WSEAS}, issn = {2224-3496}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50892}, pages = {89 -- 94}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Airborne measurements have proved to be an important tool for the investigation of volcanic emission plumes, industrial pollution plumes, fugitive emissions and urban pollution plumes. In this paper several examples are demonstrated, how these investigations can be performed by light and microlight propeller aircraft. Throughout the last years innovative aircraft were developed in the light and microlight class showing an excellent flight performance. This enables airborne measurements, which were performed in former years normally by big jet engine driven research aircraft. Moreover, these light and microlight aircraft are equipped with piston motors, which are sturdy enough to operate even in adverse and harsh flight conditions, e.g. in volcanic plumes with high ash concentration. Additionally, turbo charged versions of these airborne piston motors are available, which allow flight altitudes of 7000m - 9000m enabling a large variety of research missions. Another advantage of light and microlight research aircraft is that they are quite cost effective and have a comparatively short certification process for the installation of new measurement equipment. This made it possible to respond fast to the eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallaj{\"o}kull 2010 and Grimsv{\"o}tn 2011 with research flights in volcanic ash plumes over Germany and Iceland. In this way it was possible to deliver real airborne measurements additional to the ash plume model calculations of the London Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC). In this paper examples of airborne measurements in the volcanic plumes of the recent eruptions of Icelandic volcanoes are given. Moreover examples are presented, which highlight the outstanding capabilities of these aircraft for pinpointing industrial emissions and for characterizing urban pollution plumes.}, subject = {Vulkanismus}, language = {en} } @article{PohlFischerHewelingetal.2017, author = {Pohl, Tobias and Fischer, Christian and Heweling, Georg and B{\"o}hlke, Christoph and Weber, Konradin}, title = {A Comparative Study as a Quality Assurance of Stationary and Portable Hand-Held Ultrafine Particle Monitors}, series = {WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development}, volume = {13}, journal = {WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development}, publisher = {WSEAS}, issn = {2224-3496}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50799}, pages = {6}, year = {2017}, abstract = {In this study we investigated the performance of two portable hand-held measurement devices (Testo DiSCMini, Grimm NanoCheck) under real environmental conditions at an area on the new campus of the University of Applied Sciences Duesseldorf, which was influenced by construction activities and traffic. The values were compared to the data from a freshly calibrated SMPS (Grimm SMPS+C) as a reference system. The SMPS measured the particle number concentration as well as the particle number size distribution in a range from 5 nm to 350 nm. This was done as a quality assurance for the use of these portable devices for other measurement campaigns for detecting the particle number concentration in mobile applications by e.g. unmanned aerial systems, bicycles, or small aircraft. The results show a good correlation between all the systems. The agreement between the reference system and the NanoCheck was really good, but lower between the DiSCMini and the reference system. Due to the good correlation the data could be post processed with a correction function to reduce the deviation. Finally, it can be stated, that both systems work well under environmental conditions and are well suited for the mobile use for the investigation of ultrafine particle concentration.}, subject = {Messtechnik}, language = {en} } @techreport{OliveiraBritoPohlNehr2025, author = {Oliveira Brito, Marcel and Pohl, Tobias and Nehr, Sascha}, title = {Sicheres Schadstoffmonitoring per UAV in Gefahrenszenarien f{\"u}r Einsatzkr{\"a}fte (SiSchaMo): Erforschung eines modularen Sensorsystems zur dreidimensionalen Erfassung und Charakterisierung von Gefahrstoffwolken mittels UAV in-situ Messungen ; Abschlussbericht zum Teilvorhaben}, publisher = {Technische Informationsbibliothek}, address = {Hannover}, doi = {10.34657/18646}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-55799}, pages = {40}, year = {2025}, subject = {Drohne}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{StaehlerWeyersHoffmannetal.2025, author = {St{\"a}hler, Lisa and Weyers, Simone and Hoffmann, Barbara and Soppa, Vanessa and Oberwinster, Lukas and Nehr, Sascha and Pohl, Tobias and Kuß, Oliver and Lang, Alexander and Pischke, Claudia}, title = {UNITY: Multistrategische Intervention zur F{\"o}rderung von Radmobilit{\"a}t, Gesundheit und Nachhaltigkeit im Rahmen der Stadtentwicklung D{\"u}sseldorf - Teilprojekt 1 [Poster]}, series = {60. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sozialmedizin und Pr{\"a}vention (DGSMP) Teilhabe und Ko-Kreation, 17. - 19. September 2025, Berlin}, booktitle = {60. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sozialmedizin und Pr{\"a}vention (DGSMP) Teilhabe und Ko-Kreation, 17. - 19. September 2025, Berlin}, year = {2025}, subject = {Stadtplanung}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{SoppaOberwinsterPischkeetal.2025, author = {Soppa, Vanessa and Oberwinster, Lukas and Pischke, Claudia and St{\"a}hler, Lisa and Weyers, Simone and Nehr, Sascha and Pohl, Tobias and Kuß, Oliver and Lang, Alexander and Hoffmann, Barbara}, title = {UNITY: Multistrategische Intervention zur F{\"o}rderung von Radmobilit{\"a}t, Gesundheit und Nachhaltigkeit im Rahmen der Stadtentwicklung D{\"u}sseldorf - Teilprojekt 2 [Poster]}, series = {60. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sozialmedizin und Pr{\"a}vention (DGSMP) Teilhabe und Ko-Kreation, 17. - 19. September 2025, Berlin}, booktitle = {60. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sozialmedizin und Pr{\"a}vention (DGSMP) Teilhabe und Ko-Kreation, 17. - 19. September 2025, Berlin}, year = {2025}, language = {de} } @article{BergmannHaddadThoelkeJeongetal.2026, author = {Bergmann, Marie and Haddad-Thoelke, Pascale and Jeong, Haeran and Kappeler, Ron and Altug, Hicran and Oberwinster, Lukas and Boogaard, Hanna and Pohl, Tobias and Soppa, Vanessa and Ogurtsova, Katherine and Joss, Meltem Kutlar and Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic and Hoffmann, Barbara}, title = {Systematic review and meta-analysis on the health effects of long-term exposure to ultrafine particles}, series = {European Respiratory Review}, volume = {35}, journal = {European Respiratory Review}, number = {179}, publisher = {European Respiratory Society}, issn = {1600-0617}, doi = {10.1183/16000617.0156-2025}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-60272}, pages = {39}, year = {2026}, abstract = {Background Ultrafine particles (≤100 nm diameter) may have a higher toxicity than larger particles but are still not regulated nor part of routine air pollution monitoring. So far, health effects of long-term exposure to ambient ultrafine particles are not well understood, owing to a lack of exposure data and epidemiological studies. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the health effects of long-term exposure to ultrafine particles, including studies published until December 2024. A meta-analysis was conducted for outcomes with at least four available effect estimates. Confidence in the body of evidence was evaluated using the Office of Health Assessment and Translation method. Results We identified 85 studies investigating various mortality, morbidity and subclinical outcomes. In meta-analyses of single-pollutant models, we found positive associations with natural mortality (hazard ratio 1.06, 95\% CI 1.04-1.08) and C-reactive protein (10.14\% increase (95\% CI -0.51-21.99\%) per 10 000 pt·cm-3 increase in long-term exposure to ultrafine particles, with low and inadequate levels of evidence, respectively. The remaining studies revealed overall limited evidence for adverse effects on a wide range of outcomes. Less than half of the studies adjusted for co-pollutants. Conclusion The evidence base on long-term health effects of ultrafine particles has increased substantially in the past decade, while the overall evidence for independent effects of long-term ultrafine particle exposure remains inadequate to low. More studies are needed to draw firm conclusions about the independent adverse effects of long-term ultrafine particles on various health end-points, with a special focus on the influence of co-pollutant adjustment.}, subject = {Schadstoffbelastung}, language = {en} }