@article{ElversSteffens2017, author = {Elvers, Paul and Steffens, Jochen}, title = {The Sound of Success: Investigating Cognitive and Behavioral Effects of Motivational Music in Sports}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {8}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02026}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Listening to music before, during, or after sports is a common phenomenon, yet its functions and effects on performance, cognition, and behavior remain to be investigated. Listening to music before, during, or after sports is a common phenomenon, yet its functions and effects on performance, cognition, and behavior remain to be investigated. In this study we present a novel approach to the role of music in sports and exercise that focuses on the notion of musical self-enhancement (Elvers, 2016). We derived the following hypotheses from this framework: listening to motivational music will (i) enhance self-evaluative cognition, (ii) improve performance in a ball game, and (iii) evoke greater risk-taking behavior. To evaluate the hypotheses, we conducted a between-groups experiment (N = 150) testing the effectiveness of both an experimenter playlist and a participant-selected playlist in comparison to a no-music control condition. All participants performed a ball-throwing task developed by Decharms and Dav{\´e} (1965), consisting of two parts: First, participants threw the ball from fixed distances into a funnel basket. During this task, performance was measured. In the second part, the participants themselves chose distances from the basket, which allowed their risk-taking behavior to be assessed. The results indicate that listening to motivational music led to greater risk taking but did not improve ball-throwing performance. This effect was more pronounced in male participants and among those who listened to their own playlists. Furthermore, self-selected music enhanced state self-esteem in participants who were performing well but not in those who were performing poorly. We also discuss further implications for the notion of musical self-enhancement. // Listening to music before, during, or after sports is a common phenomenon, yet its functions and effects on performance, cognition, and behavior remain to be investigated. In this study we present a novel approach to the role of music in sports and exercise that focuses on the notion of musical self-enhancement (Elvers, 2016). We derived the following hypotheses from this framework: listening to motivational music will (i) enhance self-evaluative cognition, (ii) improve performance in a ball game, and (iii) evoke greater risk-taking behavior. To evaluate the hypotheses, we conducted a between-groups experiment (N = 150) testing the effectiveness of both an experimenter playlist and a participant-selected playlist in comparison to a no-music control condition. All participants performed a ball-throwing task developed by Decharms and Dav{\´e} (1965), consisting of two parts: First, participants threw the ball from fixed distances into a funnel basket. During this task, performance was measured. In the second part, the participants themselves chose distances from the basket, which allowed their risk-taking behavior to be assessed. The results indicate that listening to motivational music led to greater risk taking but did not improve ball-throwing performance. This effect was more pronounced in male participants and among those who listened to their own playlists. Furthermore, self-selected music enhanced state self-esteem in participants who were performing well but not in those who were performing poorly. We also discuss further implications for the notion of musical self-enhancement.}, language = {en} } @article{ElversFischingerSteffens2018, author = {Elvers, Paul and Fischinger, Timo and Steffens, Jochen}, title = {Music listening as self-enhancement}, series = {Psychology of Music}, volume = {10}, journal = {Psychology of Music}, number = {2}, publisher = {Sage}, doi = {10.1177/0305735617707354}, pages = {1 -- 19}, year = {2018}, language = {en} } @incollection{ElversFischingerSteffens2015, author = {Elvers, Paul and Fischinger, Timo and Steffens, Jochen}, title = {Musikh{\"o}ren als Selbst-Regulation: Musikinduzierte Manipulationen des impliziten und momentanen Selbstwerts}, series = {31. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Musikpsychologie (DGM)}, booktitle = {31. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Musikpsychologie (DGM)}, publisher = {Oldenburg}, year = {2015}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{ElversSteffens2016, author = {Elvers, Paul and Steffens, Jochen}, title = {How empowering music influences performance and risk-behavior in sports: a randomized controlled trial}, series = {Proceedings of the Congress of the International Association of Empirical Aesthetics (Wien, {\"O}sterreich)}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Congress of the International Association of Empirical Aesthetics (Wien, {\"O}sterreich)}, address = {Wien}, organization = {International Association of Empirical Aesthetics}, year = {2016}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ElversFischingerSteffens2015, author = {Elvers, Paul and Fischinger, Timo and Steffens, Jochen}, title = {Empowering music - music-induced manipulations of self-esteem}, series = {Proceedings of the Ninth Triennial Conference of the European Society for the Cognitive Sciences of Music (ESCOM), CD-ROM}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth Triennial Conference of the European Society for the Cognitive Sciences of Music (ESCOM), CD-ROM}, editor = {Ginsborg, Jane and Lamont, Alexandra}, address = {Manchester}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ElversSteffens2017, author = {Elvers, Paul and Steffens, Jochen}, title = {The influence of motivational music on risk-behavior and ball-throwing performance}, series = {TeaP 2017: Abstracts of the 59th Conference of Experimental Psychologists : Dresden, Germany, March 26-29, 2017}, booktitle = {TeaP 2017: Abstracts of the 59th Conference of Experimental Psychologists : Dresden, Germany, March 26-29, 2017}, editor = {Goschke, Thomas and Bolte, Annette and Kirschbaum, Clemens}, publisher = {Pabst Science Publishers}, address = {Lengerich}, isbn = {978-3958532946}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ElversSteffens2017, author = {Elvers, Paul and Steffens, Jochen}, title = {Motivational music influences decision-making processes but not the execution of a ball-throwing task}, series = {Proceedings of the 25th Anniversary Conference of the European Society for the Cognitive Sciences of Music (ESCOM): "The expressive interaction with music" (Ghent, Belgium)}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 25th Anniversary Conference of the European Society for the Cognitive Sciences of Music (ESCOM): "The expressive interaction with music" (Ghent, Belgium)}, editor = {Ginsborg, Jane and Lamont, Alexandra}, address = {Ghent}, year = {2017}, language = {de} } @incollection{ElversSteffens2016, author = {Elvers, Paul and Steffens, Jochen}, title = {The influence of empowering music on performance and risk-behavior in sports: a randomized controlled trial (RCT)}, series = {Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition (ICMPC), San Francisco (CA), USA}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition (ICMPC), San Francisco (CA), USA}, address = {San Francisco, UA}, isbn = {1-876346-65-5}, pages = {866}, year = {2016}, language = {de} }