@book{RiessWallraff2024, author = {Rieß, Bernhard and Wallraff, Christoph}, title = {{\"U}bungsbuch Signale und Systeme}, edition = {4. Auflage}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {9783658424244}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-42425-1}, year = {2024}, subject = {Aufgabensammlung}, language = {de} } @article{VansteenkisteChouWeigandetal.2009, author = {Vansteenkiste, A. and Chou, Kang Wei and Weigand, M. and Curcic, Michael and Sackmann, V. and Stoll, H. and Tyliszczak, T. and Woltersdorf, G. and Back, Christian H. and Sch{\"u}tz, G. and Van Waeyenberge, B.}, title = {X-ray imaging of the dynamic magnetic vortex core deformation}, series = {Nature Physics}, volume = {5}, journal = {Nature Physics}, number = {5}, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group}, issn = {1745-2473}, doi = {10.1038/nphys1231}, pages = {332 -- 334}, year = {2009}, language = {en} } @article{EchternachtLinnemannDreesetal.2013, author = {Echternacht, David and Linnemann, Christian and Drees, Tim and Breuer, Christopher and Moser, Albert}, title = {Wechselwirkungen zwischen Druckluftspeichern und Netzengp{\"a}ssen in zuk{\"u}nftigen Energiesystemen}, series = {Solarzeitalter : Politik, Kultur und {\"O}konomie erneuerbarer Energien}, volume = {25}, journal = {Solarzeitalter : Politik, Kultur und {\"O}konomie erneuerbarer Energien}, number = {1}, publisher = {EUROSOLAR Verl.}, organization = {EUROSOLAR Verl.}, pages = {54 -- 59}, year = {2013}, language = {de} } @article{WolfThielbeerUlrichetal.2024, author = {Wolf, Dominik Werner and Thielbeer, Boris and Ulrich, Markus and Braun, Alexander}, title = {Wavefront aberration measurements based on the Background Oriented Schlieren method}, series = {Measurement: Sensors}, journal = {Measurement: Sensors}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {2665-9174}, doi = {10.1016/j.measen.2024.101509}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Applications based on neural networks tend to be very sensitive to dataset shifts. Hence, the perception chain for autonomous driving is safeguarded against perturbations by imposing exaggerated optical quality requirements. Due to the non-linear coupling of optical elements, system requirements of camera-based Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) can not be easily decomposed into individual part tolerances of the objective lens and the windscreen. This holds true for intensity-based part measurements, e.g. slanted edge measurements according to ISO12233, which can fundamentally not capture interference effects of the complex light field. Instead wavefront-based part measurements are required. Unfortunately, state-of-the-art wavefront measurement techniques are limited by the spanned sensitive area of the Shack-Hartmann lenslet array or the aperture stop of a corresponding interferometrical setup, respectively. Further, both measurements are limited by using collimated light only, whereas the target application has a large (angular) field of view, requiring many different measurements. We address those bottlenecks by proposing a novel wavefront aberration measurement procedure based on the Background Oriented Schlieren (BOS) method utilizing image auto-correlation. We analytically derive the governing equations for determining the Zernike coefficients of a wavefront aberration map in the knowledge of the local refractive power map obtained by a high-resolution BOS measurement. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of the measurement technique. Applying this novel method yields the promise of affordable wavefront aberration measurements only requiring a high-resolution camera and a sophisticated alignment strategy.}, language = {en} } @misc{Franz1995, author = {Franz, J{\"u}rgen H.}, title = {Was ist ein Baum? Eine Kurzgeschichte aus dem Leben des Herrn Schwarzweiß}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-9568}, year = {1995}, abstract = {Herr Schwarzweiß ist seit seiner Geburt nicht in der Lage Farben zu erkennen. Seine Welt ist schwarzweiß. Doch kann er sehr gut zwischen den verschiedenen Graut{\"o}nen unterscheiden. F{\"u}r ihn ist Weiß nicht gleich Weiß. Es gibt ein sehr helles Weiß, ein dunkleres Weiß, ein grau unterlegtes Weiß und viele andere Arten von Weiß. ...}, language = {de} } @article{WeigandVanWaeyenbergeVansteenkisteetal.2009, author = {Weigand, Markus and Van Waeyenberge, Bartel and Vansteenkiste, Arne and Curcic, Michael and Sackmann, Vitalij and Stoll, Hermann and Tyliszczak, Tolek and Kaznatcheev, Konstantine and Bertwistle, Drew and Woltersdorf, Georg and Back, Christian H. and Sch{\"u}tz, Gisela}, title = {Vortex Core Switching by Coherent Excitation with Single In-Plane Magnetic Field Pulses}, series = {Physical Review Letters}, volume = {102}, journal = {Physical Review Letters}, number = {7}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, issn = {0031-9007}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.077201}, year = {2009}, language = {en} } @article{StruweWredeVennegeerts2023, author = {Struwe, Julian and Wrede, Holger and Vennegeerts, Hendrik}, title = {Validation Aspects for Grid-Forming Converters Based on System Characteristics and Inertia Impact}, series = {Energies}, volume = {16}, journal = {Energies}, number = {21}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {1996-1073}, doi = {10.3390/en16217357}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-48751}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Grid-forming converters are considered a key technology for electrical grids with a high share of renewable energy. However, there is a lack of a general, robust and verifiable definition of what constitutes this behaviour. Therefore, this paper presents three simple scenarios that enable such a definition. They are based on simple black-box simulations that allow manufacturers to protect their development work. It can be shown that grid forming can be clearly distinguished from grid-following controls by their grid behaviour in the proposed scenarios. Extensive results illustrate this and also provide suggestions to deepen the understanding of grid-forming grid behaviour and its impact on system inertia. These findings should inspire the development of a clear definition and ultimately new requirements for converter systems.}, subject = {Stromrichter}, language = {en} } @misc{Kern2012, author = {Kern, Mirco}, title = {Untersuchung eines Mikroprozessor-Betriebssystems mit 6LoWPAN-Stack in Hinblick auf die Portierung auf neue Prozessoren}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-7084}, pages = {59}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Innerhalb dieser Dokumentation des im Labor f{\"u}r Informatik an der Fachhochschule D{\"u}sseldorf durchgef{\"u}hrten Parxisprojekt werden zun{\"a}chst Grundlagen vermittelt, die n{\"o}tig sind, um den Kontext des Projekts und das Kommunikationsprotokoll 6LoWPAN zu verstehen. Da das Ziel des Praxisprojekts die Untersuchung eines Kommunikationssystems mit 6LoWPAN-Stack hinsichtlich dessen Portierungsm{\"o}glichkeiten ist, werden hierauf verschiedene, bereits auf dem Markt befindliche L{\"o}sungen analysiert und verglichen, die entweder direkt den drahtlosen Datenaustausch mit Hilfe des 6LoWPAN-Protokolls oder aber die Erweiterung zu einem eigenen Stack erm{\"o}glichen und dargestellt, warum das Mikrocontroller-Betriebssystem Contiki als geeignetster Kandidat hierf{\"u}r erscheint. Als Basis f{\"u}r die Analyse in Hinblick auf eine m{\"o}gliche Portierung dient der Mikrocontroller ATmega128RFA1 des Herstellers Atmel, der {\"u}ber eine integrierte Transceiver-Einheit verf{\"u}gt. Nach der Vermittlung der Grundlagen des Contiki-Betriebssystems, die insbesondere den schichtenartigen Aufbau der Verzeichnisse und das komplexe, {\"u}ber Makefiles organisierte Build-System betreffen, folgt die Beschreibung der Vorgehensweise bei der Portierung von Contiki und den dabei aufgetretenen Problemen. Da w{\"a}hrend der Arbeit an diesem Praxisprojekt eine neue Version des Contiki-Betriebssystems ver{\"o}ffentlicht wurde, wird zus{\"a}tzlich auf diese Version und die vorhandenen Inkompatibilit{\"a}ten zwischen den verschiedenen Contiki-Versionen eingegangen und eine Beispielanwendung f{\"u}r die neue Version implementiert. Die Performancemessungen verschiedener Kommunikationshardware runden diese Arbeit zusammen mit dem Fazit, das nocheinmal auf das Betriebssystem Contiki, den Mikrocontroller ATmega128RFA1 und m{\"o}gliche Vertiefungsund Optimierungsm{\"o}glichkeiten eingeht, ab.}, language = {de} } @unpublished{YuwonoSchwungSchwung2024, author = {Yuwono, Steve and Schwung, Dorothea and Schwung, Andreas}, title = {Transfer learning of state-based potential games for process optimization in decentralized manufacturing systems}, series = {arXiv}, journal = {arXiv}, publisher = {arXiv}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2408.05992}, pages = {48}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This paper presents a novel transfer learning approach in state-based potential games (TL-SbPGs) for enhancing distributed self-optimization in manufacturing systems. The approach focuses on the practical relevant industrial setting where sharing and transferring gained knowledge among similar-behaved players improves the self-learning mechanism in large-scale systems. With TL-SbPGs, the gained knowledge can be reused by other players to optimize their policies, thereby improving the learning outcomes of the players and accelerating the learning process. To accomplish this goal, we develop transfer learning concepts and similarity criteria for players, which offer two distinct settings: (a) predefined similarities between players and (b) dynamically inferred similarities between players during training. We formally prove the applicability of the SbPG framework in transfer learning. Additionally, we introduce an efficient method to determine the optimal timing and weighting of the transfer learning procedure during the training phase. Through experiments on a laboratory-scale testbed, we demonstrate that TL-SbPGs significantly boost production efficiency while reducing power consumption of the production schedules while also outperforming native SbPGs.}, subject = {Maschinelles Lernen}, language = {en} } @incollection{ChristmannBusboomFeigeetal.2020, author = {Christmann, Simon and Busboom, Imke and Feige, Volker K.S. and Haehnel, Hartmut}, title = {Towards Automated Quality Inspection Using a Semi-Mobile Robotized Terahertz System}, series = {2020 Third International Workshop on Mobile Terahertz Systems (IWMTS)}, booktitle = {2020 Third International Workshop on Mobile Terahertz Systems (IWMTS)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Essen}, isbn = {978-1-7281-5598-2}, doi = {10.1109/IWMTS49292.2020.9166259}, pages = {1 -- 5}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{NemeSeefeldtGottsteinetal.2014, author = {Neme, Christopher and Seefeldt, Friedrich and Gottstein, Meg and Echternacht, David and Moser, Albert and Weston, Frederick}, title = {The Positive Effects of Energy Efficiency on the German Electricity Sector: Peer-reviewed paper presented at IEPPEC 2014 International Energy Policies \& Programmes Evaluation Conference}, series = {15. International Energy Policies \& Programmes Evaluation Conference (IEPEC), Berlin, Deutschland, 09.09-11.09.2014}, booktitle = {15. International Energy Policies \& Programmes Evaluation Conference (IEPEC), Berlin, Deutschland, 09.09-11.09.2014}, address = {Berlin}, pages = {1 -- 16}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @article{LangmannMichael2019, author = {Langmann, Reinhard and Michael, Stiller}, title = {The PLC as a Smart Service in Industry 4.0 Production System}, series = {Applied Sciences}, volume = {9}, journal = {Applied Sciences}, number = {18}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2076-3417}, doi = {10.3390/app9183815}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{LyalinaLangmannKrisilov2011, author = {Lyalina, Yuliya and Langmann, Reinhard and Krisilov, V.}, title = {The Interaction Model in iLearning Environments and its Use in the Smart Lab Concept}, series = {International Journal of Online Engineering}, volume = {7}, journal = {International Journal of Online Engineering}, number = {4}, publisher = {iJOE}, doi = {10.3991/ijoe.v7i4.1793}, year = {2011}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{YuwonoSchwungSchwung2022, author = {Yuwono, Steve and Schwung, Andreas and Schwung, Dorothea}, title = {The Impact of Communication and Memory in State-Based Potential Game-based Distributed Optimization}, series = {2022 IEEE 20th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)}, booktitle = {2022 IEEE 20th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)}, publisher = {IEEE}, doi = {10.1109/INDIN51773.2022.9976106}, pages = {335 -- 340}, year = {2022}, subject = {Intelligente Fertigung}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BreuerEchternachtLinnemannetal.2011, author = {Breuer, Christopher and Echternacht, David and Linnemann, Christian and Moser, Albert}, title = {Technical and economic comparison of national and joint cross-border curative congestion management application}, series = {2011 8th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM), 25.05.2011 - 27.05.2011, Zagreb, Croatia}, booktitle = {2011 8th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM), 25.05.2011 - 27.05.2011, Zagreb, Croatia}, publisher = {IEEE}, isbn = {978-1-61284-285-1}, doi = {10.1109/EEM.2011.5952974}, pages = {33 -- 38}, year = {2011}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{EchternachtNeuselLangeSchermulyetal.2017, author = {Echternacht, David and Neusel-Lange, N. and Schermuly, Rainer and Meyer, F.}, title = {Target Network Planning and Asset Condition Assessment as Basis for an integrated Asset Management Approach}, series = {ETG Congress 2017, Bonn, 28.11.-29.11.2017}, booktitle = {ETG Congress 2017, Bonn, 28.11.-29.11.2017}, address = {Bonn}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{StruweWredeVennegeerts2023, author = {Struwe, Julian and Wrede, Holger and Vennegeerts, Hendrik}, title = {System Characteristics of Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Converter Systems}, series = {2023 25th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'23 ECCE Europe), 04-08 September 2023, Aalborg, Denmark}, booktitle = {2023 25th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'23 ECCE Europe), 04-08 September 2023, Aalborg, Denmark}, publisher = {IEEE}, isbn = {978-9-0758-1541-2}, doi = {10.23919/EPE23ECCEEurope58414.2023.10264403}, pages = {1 -- 9}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @misc{SperlichLinnebrinkBartscheretal.2021, author = {Sperlich, Carsten and Linnebrink, Hans and Bartscher, Norbert and Wrede, Holger}, title = {St{\"o}rsicherer Anlagenbetrieb bei Einsatz von geregelten Antrieben: St{\"o}remissionen von Frequenzumrichtern}, series = {atp magazin}, volume = {63}, journal = {atp magazin}, number = {1-2}, publisher = {Vulkan-Verlag}, issn = {2364-3137}, doi = {10.17560/atp.v63i1-2.2528}, pages = {62 -- 69}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Frequenzumrichter speisen Antriebe mit nichtsinusf{\"o}rmigen Spannungen und Str{\"o}men. Diese d{\"u}rfen den sicheren Betrieb von Anlagen nicht st{\"o}ren. Der Einfluss von Energieleitungen zwischen Frequenzumrichter und Motor auf parallelverlaufende Signalleitungen wurde untersucht. Das Ergebnis best{\"a}tigt die Empfehlung, in der Prozesstechnik unter Einhaltung bestimmter Vorgaben keine geschirmten Kabel einzusetzen.}, language = {de} } @misc{BreuerDreesEchternachtetal.2012, author = {Breuer, Christopher and Drees, Tim and Echternacht, David and Linnemann, Christian and Moser, Albert}, title = {Standorte und Potenziale f{\"u}r Power-to-Gas}, series = {e|m|w}, journal = {e|m|w}, number = {4}, publisher = {Energate}, organization = {Energate}, year = {2012}, language = {de} } @article{JakabBraunAgnewetal.2024, author = {Jakab, Daniel and Braun, Alexander and Agnew, Cathaoir and Mohandas, Reenu and Deegan, Brian Michael and Molloy, Dara and Ward, Enda and Scanlan, Anthony and Eising, Ciar{\´a}n}, title = {SS-SFR: synthetic scenes spatial frequency response on Virtual KITTI and degraded automotive simulations for object detection}, series = {IET Conference Proceedings}, volume = {2024}, journal = {IET Conference Proceedings}, number = {10}, publisher = {Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)}, issn = {2732-4494}, doi = {10.1049/icp.2024.3292}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50080}, pages = {110 -- 117}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @misc{Echternacht2018, author = {Echternacht, David}, title = {Spitzenkappung erfordert intelligente Netzsteuerung}, series = {e|m|w}, journal = {e|m|w}, number = {2}, publisher = {Energate}, organization = {Energate}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @article{MuellerBrummelBraun2021, author = {M{\"u}ller, Patrick and Brummel, Mattis and Braun, Alexander}, title = {Spatial recall index for machine learning algorithms}, series = {London Imaging Meeting}, volume = {2021}, journal = {London Imaging Meeting}, number = {1}, publisher = {Society for Imaging Science and Technology}, isbn = {0-89208-346-6}, doi = {10.2352/issn.2694-118X.2021.LIM-58}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-35657}, pages = {58 -- 62}, year = {2021}, abstract = {We present a novel metric Spatial Recall Index to assess the performance of machine-learning (ML) algorithms for automotive applications, focusing on where in the image which performance occurs. Typical metrics like intersection-over-union (IoU), precisionrecallcurves or average precision (AP) quantify the performance over a whole database of images, neglecting spatial performance variations. But as the optics of camera systems are spatially variable over the field of view, the performance of ML-based algorithms is also a function of space, which we show in simulation: A realistic objective lens based on a Cooke-triplet that exhibits typical optical aberrations like astigmatism and chromatic aberration, all variable over field, is modeled. The model is then applied to a subset of the BDD100k dataset with spatially-varying kernels. We then quantify local changes in the performance of the pre-trained Mask R-CNN algorithm. Our examples demonstrate the spatial dependence of the performance of ML-based algorithms from the optical quality over field, highlighting the need to take the spatial dimension into account when training ML-based algorithms, especially when looking forward to autonomous driving applications.}, language = {en} } @article{BrummelMuellerBraun2022, author = {Brummel, Mattis and M{\"u}ller, Patrick and Braun, Alexander}, title = {Spatial precision and recall indices to assess the performance of instance segmentation algorithms}, series = {Electronic Imaging}, volume = {34}, journal = {Electronic Imaging}, number = {16}, publisher = {Society for Imaging Science and Technology}, issn = {2470-1173}, doi = {10.2352/EI.2022.34.16.AVM-101}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-41552}, pages = {1 -- 6}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @article{JainFranz2004, author = {Jain, V. K. and Franz, J. H.}, title = {Some Design Issues in Infrared Wireless Networks}, series = {IETE Technical Review}, volume = {21}, journal = {IETE Technical Review}, number = {5}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, doi = {10.1080/02564602.2004.11417161}, pages = {335 -- 343}, year = {2004}, language = {en} } @article{JakabBarthelBraunetal.2025, author = {Jakab, Daniel and Barthel, Julian and Braun, Alexander and Mohandas, Reenu and Deegan, Brian Michael and Kumbham, Mahendar and Molloy, Dara and Collins, Fiachra and Scanlan, Anthony and Eising, Ciar{\´a}n}, title = {SOLAS: Superpositioning an Optical Lens in Automotive Simulation}, series = {Electronic Imaging}, volume = {37}, journal = {Electronic Imaging}, number = {15}, publisher = {Society for Imaging Science \& Technology}, issn = {2470-1173}, doi = {10.2352/EI.2025.37.15.AVM-101}, pages = {101 -- 1}, year = {2025}, language = {en} } @article{JakabVazquezBartheletal.2025, author = {Jakab, Daniel and V{\´a}zquez, Joel Herrera and Barthel, Julian and Honsbrok, Jan and Deegan, Brian and Mohandas, Reenu and Brophy, Tim and Scanlan, Anthony and Ward, Enda and Collins, Fiachra and Eising, Ciar{\´a}n and Braun, Alexander}, title = {SOLAS 1.1: Automotive Optical Simulation in Computer Vision (Early Access)}, series = {IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology}, journal = {IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers}, issn = {2644-1330}, doi = {10.1109/OJVT.2025.3640419}, pages = {1 -- 16}, year = {2025}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{EchternachtFeilhauerFrankenetal.2015, author = {Echternacht, David and Feilhauer, Werner and Franken, Muriel and Geulen, Uwe and Moser, Albert and Schrieder, Werner and Zimmer, Peter}, title = {Smart Area Aachen - Zustandssch{\"a}tzung in Verteilnetzen}, series = {Von Smart Grids zu Smart Markets 2015 - Beitr{\"a}ge der ETG-Fachtagung 25.03.2015 - 26.03.2015 in Kassel, Deutschland}, booktitle = {Von Smart Grids zu Smart Markets 2015 - Beitr{\"a}ge der ETG-Fachtagung 25.03.2015 - 26.03.2015 in Kassel, Deutschland}, publisher = {ETG}, address = {Kassel}, year = {2015}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{EchternachtFellhauerGeulenetal.2013, author = {Echternacht, David and Fellhauer, W. and Geulen, Uwe and Schrieder, Werner and Zimmer, Peter}, title = {Smart Area Aachen - State Estimation in Distribution Grids}, series = {Worls Smart Grid Forum 2013, Berlin, 23-25 September 2013}, booktitle = {Worls Smart Grid Forum 2013, Berlin, 23-25 September 2013}, address = {Berlin}, pages = {1 -- 6}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{EchternachtFrankenMoseretal.2015, author = {Echternacht, David and Franken, Muriel and Moser, Albert and Geulen, Uwe and Zimmer, Peter and Feilhauer, Werner and Schrieder, W.}, title = {Smart Area Aachen - in field test of meter placement and state estimation algorithms for distribution grids}, series = {2015 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Latin America (ISGT LATAM), 05.10.2015 - 07.10.2015, Montevideo}, booktitle = {2015 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Latin America (ISGT LATAM), 05.10.2015 - 07.10.2015, Montevideo}, publisher = {IEEE}, isbn = {978-1-4673-6605-2}, doi = {10.1109/ISGT-LA.2015.7381194}, pages = {435 -- 439}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @article{BraunKornmesserBeushausen2005, author = {Braun, Alexander and Kornmesser, Christoph and Beushausen, Volker}, title = {Simultaneous spatial and spectral imaging of lasing droplets}, series = {Journal of the Optical Society of America}, volume = {22}, journal = {Journal of the Optical Society of America}, number = {9}, publisher = {Optical Society of America}, issn = {0030-3941}, doi = {10.1364/josaa.22.001772}, pages = {1772 -- 1779}, year = {2005}, abstract = {We present an experimental technique that allows the simultaneous spatial imaging and spectral analysis of falling droplets that exhibit lasing. Single droplet investigations serve as, among other purposes, a preliminary study for spray and combustion researchers. The described setup provides a valuable tool for the evaluation of microdroplet investigations with laser-spectroscopic techniques that rely on laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) or similar spectroscopical phenomena. The emphasis is that both spatial and spectral information are obtained from single-shot images of a falling droplet. Furthermore, combining spatial imaging and a spatially resolving optical multichannel analyzer makes a pointwise rastering of the droplets spectrum possible. This allows for the (almost) unambiguous determination of sources of influence on the spectrum of these droplets-such as geometrical distortion and lasing, nondissolved tracer lumps, and similar phenomena. Although the focus is on the experimental technique itself, we supplement detailed studies of lasing in falling microdroplets. These results were obtained with the aim of developing a system for measuring temperature distributions in droplets and sprays. In the light of these results the practice of calibrating a droplets spectrum by use of a bulk liquid sample needs to be critically reviewed.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{EchternachtSchermuly2019, author = {Echternacht, David and Schermuly, Rainer}, title = {Simulation der Auswirkungen privater Ladeinfrastruktur auf Niederspannungsnetze}, series = {Anlagentechnik 2020}, booktitle = {Anlagentechnik 2020}, editor = {Cichowski, Rolf R{\"u}diger}, edition = {Neuerscheinung}, publisher = {VDE Verlag}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-8007-4838-9}, pages = {149 -- 158}, year = {2019}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{EchternachtElHaouatiSchermulyetal.2018, author = {Echternacht, David and El Haouati, I. and Schermuly, Rainer and Meyer, F.}, title = {Simulating the impact of e-mobility charging infrastructure on urban low-voltage networks. Postersession}, series = {NEIS 2018: Conference on Sustainable Energy Supply and Energy Storage Systems. Hamburg, Deutschland, 20.09.-21.09.2018}, booktitle = {NEIS 2018: Conference on Sustainable Energy Supply and Energy Storage Systems. Hamburg, Deutschland, 20.09.-21.09.2018}, editor = {Schulz, Detlef}, publisher = {VDE}, address = {Frankfurt am Main; Piscataway, NJ}, isbn = {978-3-8007-4821-1}, pages = {208 -- 213}, year = {2018}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MuellerLehmannBraun2020, author = {Mueller, Patrick and Lehmann, Matthias and Braun, Alexander}, title = {Simulating tests to test simulation}, series = {IS\&T International Symposium on Electronic Imaging 2020: Autonomous Vehicles and Machines, 26 January 2020 — 30 January 2020, Burlingame, CA, USA}, volume = {2020}, booktitle = {IS\&T International Symposium on Electronic Imaging 2020: Autonomous Vehicles and Machines, 26 January 2020 — 30 January 2020, Burlingame, CA, USA}, number = {16}, publisher = {Society for Imaging Science and Technology}, doi = {10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2020.16.AVM-149}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MuellerBraun2022, author = {M{\"u}ller, Patrick and Braun, Alexander}, title = {Simulating optical properties to access novel metrological parameter ranges and the impact of different model approximations}, series = {2022 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Automotive (MetroAutomotive), 4-6 July 2022}, booktitle = {2022 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Automotive (MetroAutomotive), 4-6 July 2022}, publisher = {IEEE}, isbn = {978-1-6654-6689-9}, doi = {10.1109/MetroAutomotive54295.2022.9855079}, pages = {133 -- 138}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KuehnelEissmannWiedeetal.2024, author = {K{\"u}hnel, Johannes and Eißmann, Timo and Wiede, Christian and Schwung, Dorothea and Grabmaier, Anton}, title = {Semi-Supervised Anomaly Detection in the TinyML Domain Through Multi-Target Few-Shot Domain Adaptation}, series = {2024 IEEE 29th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)}, volume = {133}, booktitle = {2024 IEEE 29th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)}, publisher = {IEEE}, doi = {10.1109/ETFA61755.2024.10710811}, pages = {8}, year = {2024}, subject = {Maschinelles Lernen}, language = {en} } @article{YuwonoHussainSchwungetal.2025, author = {Yuwono, Steve and Hussain, Ahmar Kamal and Schwung, Dorothea and Schwung, Andreas}, title = {Self-optimization in distributed manufacturing systems using Modular State-based Stackelberg games}, series = {Journal of Manufacturing Systems}, volume = {80}, journal = {Journal of Manufacturing Systems}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {0278-6125}, doi = {10.1016/j.jmsy.2025.03.025}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-55471}, pages = {578 -- 594}, year = {2025}, abstract = {In this study, we introduce Modular State-based Stackelberg Games (Mod-SbSG), a novel game structure developed for distributed self-learning in modular manufacturing systems. Mod-SbSG enhances cooperative decision-making among self-learning agents within production systems by integrating State-based Potential Games (SbPG) with Stackelberg games. This hierarchical structure assigns more important modules of the manufacturing system a first-mover advantage, while less important modules respond optimally to the leaders' decisions. This decision-making process differs from typical multi-agent learning algorithms in manufacturing systems, where decisions are made simultaneously. We provide convergence guarantees for the novel game structure and design learning algorithms to account for the hierarchical game structure. We further analyse the effects of single-leader/multiple-follower and multiple-leader/multiple-follower scenarios within a Mod-SbSG. To assess its effectiveness, we implement and test Mod-SbSG in an industrial control setting using two laboratory-scale testbeds featuring sequential and serial parallel processes. The proposed approach delivers promising results compared to the vanilla SbPG, which reduces overflow by 97.1\%, and in some cases, prevents overflow entirely. Additionally, it decreases power consumption by 5\%-13\% while satisfying the production demand, which significantly improves potential (global objective) values.}, subject = {Intelligente Fertigung}, language = {en} } @techreport{GeerkensSieberichs2026, author = {Geerkens, Simon and Sieberichs, Christian}, title = {safe.trAIn - sichere Ki am Beispiel fahrerloser Regionalzug: Abschlussbericht des Projektes safe.trAIn - sichere Ki am Beispiel fahrerloser Regionalzug. Partner: Hochschule D{\"u}sseldorf}, publisher = {Technische Informationsbibliothek}, address = {Hannover}, doi = {10.34657/29998}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-60980}, pages = {17}, year = {2026}, abstract = {Mit dem EU AI Act wurden KI-Systeme mit sicherheitskritischen Funktionen als Hochrisiko-Anwendungen eingestuft. Sie m{\"u}ssen hohen Anforderungen an Datenqualit{\"a}t, Robustheit, Transparenz und Konformit{\"a}tsbewertung gen{\"u}gen. Forschungsarbeiten zur Erkl{\"a}rbarkeit neuronaler Netze (z. B. LRP, CAM) und zur Auswirkung optischer Eigenschaften auf KI-Systeme bilden die Basis. Zudem wurde erkannt, dass fehlerhafte Daten und optische Abbildungsfehler die Sicherheit stark beeintr{\"a}chtigen k{\"o}nnen. Ziel des Projekts safe.trAIn war es, die Voraussetzungen f{\"u}r einen sicheren vollautomatisierten Zugbetrieb zu schaffen. Im Fokus stand die Absicherung KI-basierter Verfahren zur Hinderniserkennung und deren Integration in Sicherheitsnachweise. Die Hochschule D{\"u}sseldorf (HSD) {\"u}bernahm zentrale Aufgaben bei der Entwicklung und Weiterentwicklung von Methoden zur Daten- und KI-Absicherung, insbesondere den Queens-Methoden (QI² und ECS). Methoden: - Entwicklung und Anwendung der Queens-Methoden zur Bewertung von Datenqualit{\"a}t und Modellrobustheit - Analyse von Unsicherheiten in KI-gest{\"u}tzter Objekterkennung und deren Propagation - Entwicklung physikalisch realistischer Optikmodelle zur Untersuchung sensorischer Einfl{\"u}sse - Validierung im virtuellen Testfeld (GoA4-System, driverless operation) - Integration in Sicherheitsarchitekturen (RAMS- und GSN-Methodik) sowie Begutachtung durch T{\"U}V. Ergebnisse: - Erfolgreiche Weiterentwicklung der Queens-Methoden (QI², ECS) f{\"u}r Daten- und Modellbewertung - Entwicklung von Verfahren zur Erkl{\"a}rbarkeit (Kombination QI² mit LRP) - Neue Ans{\"a}tze zur datenqualit{\"a}tsbasierten Fehlererkennung ohne Training - Optische Modellierungen und verbesserte Kamerakalibrierung - Beitrag zur Standardisierung (DIN DKE SPEC 99002) - Mehrere wissenschaftliche Publikationen und Betreuung von Promotionen und Abschlussarbeiten. Die entwickelten Methoden erm{\"o}glichen eine systematische Absicherung von KI-Systemen im Bahnumfeld. Anwendungsm{\"o}glichkeiten bestehen in der Integration in Zulassungsprozesse, bei der Datenkuratierung, in der Sensorikgestaltung sowie in weiteren sicherheitskritischen Bereichen. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus sind die Methoden anschlussf{\"a}hig f{\"u}r andere Forschungsfelder (z. B. Transformer-Netzwerke, chaostheoretische Analysen). Damit wurde eine technologische Grundlage f{\"u}r den sicheren Betrieb fahrerloser Regionalz{\"u}ge geschaffen.}, subject = {K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz}, language = {de} } @article{BaeklerHehl2006, author = {Baekler, Peter and Hehl, Friedrich W.}, title = {ROTATING BLACK HOLES IN METRIC-AFFINE GRAVITY}, series = {International Journal of Modern Physics D}, volume = {15}, journal = {International Journal of Modern Physics D}, number = {5}, publisher = {World Scientific}, doi = {10.1142/s0218271806008589}, pages = {635 -- 668}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{JohanningBraunEiteneueretal.2011, author = {Johanning, M. and Braun, Alexander and Eiteneuer, D. and Paape, C. and Balzer, Christoph and Neuhauser, W. and Wunderlich, C.}, title = {Resonance-enhanced isotope-selective photoionization of YbI for ion trap loading}, series = {Applied Physics B}, volume = {103}, journal = {Applied Physics B}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, issn = {1432-0649}, doi = {10.1007/s00340-011-4502-7}, pages = {327 -- 338}, year = {2011}, language = {en} } @article{LehmannWittpahlZakouretal.2019, author = {Lehmann, Matthias and Wittpahl, Christian and Zakour, Hatem Ben and Braun, Alexander}, title = {Resolution and accuracy of nonlinear regression of point spread function with artificial neural networks}, series = {Optical Engineering}, volume = {58}, journal = {Optical Engineering}, number = {4}, publisher = {SPIE}, issn = {0091-3286}, doi = {10.1117/1.oe.58.4.045101}, pages = {045101}, year = {2019}, abstract = {We had already demonstrated a numerical model for the point spread function (PSF) of an optical system that can efficiently model both the experimental measurements and the lens design simulations of the PSF. The novelty lies in the portability and the parameterization of this model, which allow for completely new ways to validate optical systems, which is especially interesting not only for mass production optics such as in the automotive industry but also for ophthalmology. The numerical basis for this model is a nonlinear regression of the PSF with an artificial neural network (ANN). After briefly describing both the principle and the applications of the model, we then discuss two optically important aspects: the spatial resolution and the accuracy of the model. Using mean squared error (MSE) as a metric, we vary the topology of the neural network, both in the number of neurons and in the number of hidden layers. Measurement and simulation of a PSF can have a much higher spatial resolution than the typical pixel size used in current camera sensors. We discuss the influence this has on the topology of the ANN. The relative accuracy of the averaged pixel MSE is below 10  -  4, thus giving confidence that the regression does indeed model the measurement data with good accuracy. This article is only the starting point, and we propose several research avenues for future work.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LehmannWittpahlZakouretal.2018, author = {Lehmann, Matthias and Wittpahl, Christian and Zakour, Hatem Ben and Braun, Alexander}, title = {Resolution and accuracy of non-linear regression of PSF with artificial neural networks}, series = {SPIE Optical Systems Design: Optical Instrument Science, Technology, and Applications, 2018, Frankfurt, Germany}, volume = {Proc. SPIE, Vol. 10695}, booktitle = {SPIE Optical Systems Design: Optical Instrument Science, Technology, and Applications, 2018, Frankfurt, Germany}, number = {106950C}, editor = {Haverkamp, Nils and Youngworth, Richard N.}, publisher = {International Society for Optics and Photonics}, address = {Frankfurt}, organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics}, doi = {10.1117/12.2313144}, pages = {52 -- 63}, year = {2018}, abstract = {In a previous work we have demonstrated a novel numerical model for the point spread function (PSF) of an optical system that can efficiently model both experimental measurements and lens design simulations of the PSF. The novelty lies in the portability and the parameterization of this model, which allows for completely new ways to validate optical systems, which is especially interesting for mass production optics like in the automotive industry, but also for ophtalmology. The numerical basis for this model is a non-linear regression of the PSF with an artificial neural network (ANN). In this work we examine two important aspects of this model: the spatial resolution and the accuracy of the model. Measurement and simulation of a PSF can have a much higher resolution then the typical pixel size used in current camera sensors, especially those for the automotive industry. We discuss the influence this has on on the topology of the ANN and the final application where the modeled PSF is actually used. Another important influence on the accuracy of the trained ANN is the error metric which is used during training. The PSF is a distinctly non-linear function, which varies strongly over field and defocus, but nonetheless exhibits strong symmetries and spatial relations. Therefore we examine different distance and similarity measures and discuss its influence on the modeling performance of the ANN.}, language = {en} } @article{WittpahlZakourLehmannetal.2018, author = {Wittpahl, Christian and Zakour, Hatem Ben and Lehmann, Matthias and Braun, Alexander}, title = {Realistic Image Degradation with Measured PSF}, series = {Electronic Imaging, Autonomous Vehicles and Machines 2018}, journal = {Electronic Imaging, Autonomous Vehicles and Machines 2018}, number = {17}, publisher = {Society for Imaging Science and Technology}, issn = {2470-1173}, doi = {10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2018.17.AVM-149}, pages = {149}, year = {2018}, language = {en} } @unpublished{YuwonoRanaSchwungetal.2025, author = {Yuwono, Steve and Rana, Muhammad Uzair and Schwung, Dorothea and Schwung, Andreas}, title = {Real Time Self-Tuning Adaptive Controllers on Temperature Control Loops using Event-based Game Theory}, series = {arXiv}, journal = {arXiv}, edition = {v1}, address = {arXiv}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2506.13164}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-55462}, pages = {11}, year = {2025}, abstract = {This paper presents a novel method for enhancing the adaptability of Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers in industrial systems using event-based dynamic game theory, which enables the PID controllers to self-learn, optimize, and fine-tune themselves. In contrast to conventional self-learning approaches, our proposed framework offers an event-driven control strategy and game-theoretic learning algorithms. The players collaborate with the PID controllers to dynamically adjust their gains in response to set point changes and disturbances. We provide a theoretical analysis showing sound convergence guarantees for the game given suitable stability ranges of the PID controlled loop. We further introduce an automatic boundary detection mechanism, which helps the players to find an optimal initialization of action spaces and significantly reduces the exploration time. The efficacy of this novel methodology is validated through its implementation in the temperature control loop of a printing press machine. Eventually, the outcomes of the proposed intelligent self-tuning PID controllers are highly promising, particularly in terms of reducing overshoot and settling time.}, subject = {Intelligente Fertigung}, language = {en} } @misc{Cosfeld2026, author = {Cosfeld, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Rapid Deployment of Hardware-Accelerated Vision AI Applications on the Xilinx Kria KV260 Platform}, publisher = {Hochschule D{\"u}sseldorf}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, doi = {10.20385/opus4-6081}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-60815}, pages = {119}, year = {2026}, abstract = {This teaching-oriented paper presents a structured introduction to the deployment of hardware-accelerated vision AI applications on the Xilinx Kria KV260 platform. Rather than focusing on low-level hardware design, the material emphasises system integration, runtime configuration, and the interaction between software and reconfigurable logic within a modern heterogeneous embedded system. Using a pre-integrated smart camera application as a guiding example, the paper demonstrates how FPGA-based acceleration can be accessed through standard Linux tools, containerised execution environments, and network-based video streaming. The approach is specifically designed for higher education, enabling students to gain practical insight into adaptive computing platforms while maintaining a clear conceptual understanding of hardware-software co-design principles.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{EchternachtEickmannMoser2014, author = {Echternacht, David and Eickmann, Jonas and Moser, Albert}, title = {Quantifizierung des Nutzens von Smart Metern zur Zustandssch{\"a}tzung in der Verteilnetzebene}, series = {Innehalten und Ausblick: Effektivit{\"a}t und Effizienz f{\"u}r die Energiewende / 13. Symposium Energieinnovation, 12. - 14. Februar 2014, TU Graz}, booktitle = {Innehalten und Ausblick: Effektivit{\"a}t und Effizienz f{\"u}r die Energiewende / 13. Symposium Energieinnovation, 12. - 14. Februar 2014, TU Graz}, publisher = {TU Graz}, address = {Graz}, year = {2014}, language = {de} } @article{GeerkensSieberichsBraunetal.2024, author = {Geerkens, Simon and Sieberichs, Christian and Braun, Alexander and Waschulzik, Thomas}, title = {QI²: an interactive tool for data quality assurance}, series = {AI and Ethics}, volume = {4}, journal = {AI and Ethics}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, issn = {2730-5961}, doi = {10.1007/s43681-023-00390-6}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-42945}, pages = {141 -- 149}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The importance of high data quality is increasing with the growing impact and distribution of ML systems and big data. Also, the planned AI Act from the European commission defines challenging legal requirements for data quality especially for the market introduction of safety relevant ML systems. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach that supports the data quality assurance process of multiple data quality aspects. This approach enables the verification of quantitative data quality requirements. The concept and benefits are introduced and explained on small example data sets. How the method is applied is demonstrated on the well-known MNIST data set based an handwritten digits.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{GeerkensSieberichsBraunetal.2023, author = {Geerkens, Simon and Sieberichs, Christian and Braun, Alexander and Waschulzik, Thomas}, title = {QI2 -- an Interactive Tool for Data Quality Assurance}, publisher = {arXiv}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The importance of high data quality is increasing with the growing impact and distribution of ML systems and big data. Also the planned AI Act from the European commission defines challenging legal requirements for data quality especially for the market introduction of safety relevant ML systems. In this paper we introduce a novel approach that supports the data quality assurance process of multiple data quality aspects. This approach enables the verification of quantitative data quality requirements. The concept and benefits are introduced and explained on small example data sets. How the method is applied is demonstrated on the well known MNIST data set based an handwritten digits.}, language = {en} } @misc{Gramsch2018, author = {Gramsch, Julia}, title = {Programmiere Dich fit: Koslar}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-15422}, pages = {21}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Das Projekt „Programmiere Dich fit: Koslar" geht aus der Idee von Herrn Prof. Lux, Lehrender an der Hochschule D{\"u}sseldorf, hervor. Er hat bereits in einer unterrichts{\"a}hnlichen Form mit Kindern in programmiertechnischer Richtung gearbeitet und m{\"o}chte diese Arbeit gerne um eine Projektarbeit an der Hochschule D{\"u}sseldorf erg{\"a}nzen. Der Kern des Projektes zielt dabei auf die Vermittlung von Programmierkenntnissen an Kinder im Alter zwischen 6 und 10 Jahren ab. Zwar soll das Programmieren an erster Stelle stehen, aber insbesondere f{\"u}r eine kindergerechte Vermittlung sollen k{\"o}rperliche Aktivit{\"a}ten und Bewegungen ber{\"u}cksichtigt werden. In diesem Sinne erfolgt eine Verbindung der beiden zuvor genannten Themenfelder in einer Projektarbeit, die aktiv mit Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}lern einer Grundschule durchgef{\"u}hrt werden soll. Um den sportlichen Aspekt besser bewerten und betreuen zu k{\"o}nnen, wird die Ausf{\"u}hrung in Zusammenarbeit mit Herr Schmitz als Gesch{\"a}ftsf{\"u}hrer des Kreissportbund D{\"u}ren (KSB D{\"u}ren e.V.) ablaufen. Herr Schmitz wird in dieser Projektarbeit von Herrn Sebastian Lieberth, der f{\"u}r den Bereich des betrieblichen Gesundheitsmanagement im KSB D{\"u}ren zust{\"a}ndig ist, unterst{\"u}tzt. Herr Lux arbeitet an der Hochschule D{\"u}sseldorf mit Herrn Prof. Michels aus dem Fachbereich Sozial- und Kulturwissenschaften zusammen, um in Bezug auf die kindergerechte Vermittlung einen Vertreter zu haben. Zur Abrundung der Fachkenntnisse nehmen zus{\"a}tzlich zwei Studentinnen der Hochschule D{\"u}sseldorf am Projekt teil. Unterst{\"u}tzung finden beide Professoren durch jeweils einen Studierenden Ihrer Themengebiete. Herr Prof. Michels wird von Frau Preissegger aus dem Fachbereich Sozial- und Kulturwissenschaften unterst{\"u}tzt. Frau Preissegger befindet sich im sechsten Semester und m{\"o}chte auf dieses Projekt aufbauend ihre Thesis im Wintersemester schreiben. Herr Prof. Lux erh{\"a}lt Unterst{\"u}tzung durch Frau Gramsch aus dem Fachbereich Maschinenbau und Verfahrenstechnik. Sie befindet sich ebenfalls im sechsten Semester und f{\"u}hrt dieses Projekt im Rahmen eines Wahlfaches durch.}, language = {de} } @misc{AymannDeGroodtKelleretal.2025, author = {Aymann, Lars and De Groodt, Luka and Keller, Laurenz and K{\"o}nemund, Robin and Lux, Tim and Poroshin, Gleb and Prgomet, Katarina and Urquilla Perez, Jose Andres and Y{\"o}n, Harun}, title = {Proceedings of the HSD Student Engineering Conferences | Issue 1: Selected Papers from the Courses 2024/2025}, editor = {Neef, Matthias and Zielke, Thomas and Spiegel, Thomas and S{\"o}hnitz, Stefanie}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, organization = {Hochschule D{\"u}sseldorf}, issn = {2700-1857}, doi = {10.20385/opus4-5714}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-57144}, pages = {68}, year = {2025}, language = {en} } @article{CurcicVanWaeyenbergeVansteenkisteetal.2008, author = {Curcic, Michael and Van Waeyenberge, Bartel and Vansteenkiste, Arne and Weigand, Markus and Sackmann, Vitalij and Stoll, Hermann and F{\"a}hnle, Manfred and Tyliszczak, Tolek and Woltersdorf, Georg and Back, Christian H. and Sch{\"u}tz, Gisela}, title = {Polarization Selective Magnetic Vortex Dynamics and Core Reversal in Rotating Magnetic Fields}, series = {Physical Review Letters}, volume = {101}, journal = {Physical Review Letters}, number = {19}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, issn = {0031-9007}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.197204}, year = {2008}, language = {en} } @article{BaeklerHehlNester2011, author = {Baekler, Peter and Hehl, Friedrich W. and Nester, James M.}, title = {Poincar{\´e} gauge theory of gravity: Friedman cosmology with even and odd parity modes: Analytic part}, series = {Physical Review D}, volume = {83}, journal = {Physical Review D}, number = {2}, publisher = {APS}, doi = {10.1103/physrevd.83.024001}, year = {2011}, language = {en} } @article{LangmannRojasPena2016, author = {Langmann, Reinhard and Rojas-Pe{\~n}a, Leandro}, title = {PLCs as Industry 4.0 Components in Laboratory Applications}, series = {International Journal of Online Engineering}, volume = {12}, journal = {International Journal of Online Engineering}, number = {7}, publisher = {iJOE}, issn = {1861-2121}, doi = {10.3991/ijoe.v12i07.5828}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-28089}, pages = {37}, year = {2016}, language = {en} } @article{SchwungYuwonoSchwungetal.2022, author = {Schwung, Dorothea and Yuwono, Steve and Schwung, Andreas and Ding, Steven X.}, title = {PLC-Informed Distributed Game Theoretic Learning of Energy-Optimal Production Policies}, series = {IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics}, publisher = {IEEE}, issn = {2168-2267}, doi = {10.1109/TCYB.2022.3179950}, pages = {1 -- 14}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @misc{Brummel2021, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Brummel, Mattis}, title = {Performance evaluation of state-of-the-art computer vision systems in the field of autonomous driving in dependency of optical parameters}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, organization = {Hochschule D{\"u}sseldorf}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-37508}, school = {Hochschule D{\"u}sseldorf}, pages = {121}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{WohlersMuellerBraun2022, author = {Wohlers, Luis Constantin and M{\"u}ller, Patrick and Braun, Alexander}, title = {Original image noise reconstruction for spatially-varying filtered driving scenes}, series = {Electronic Imaging: Society for Imaging Science and Technology}, volume = {34}, journal = {Electronic Imaging: Society for Imaging Science and Technology}, number = {16}, publisher = {Society for Imaging Science and Technology}, issn = {2470-1173}, doi = {10.2352/EI.2022.34.16.AVM-214}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-41479}, pages = {1 -- 7}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @misc{BraunRichwinWeber2009, author = {Braun, Alexander and Richwin, Matthias and Weber, Thomas}, title = {Optoelektronische Sensoreinrichtung f{\"u}r ein Kraftfahrzeug}, publisher = {Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt}, pages = {10}, year = {2009}, abstract = {Beschrieben wird eine optoelektronische Sensoreinrichtung f{\"u}r ein Kraftfahrzeug zur unterscheidenden Detektion von Feuchtigkeit und Salzl{\"o}sungen auf einer Fahrzeugscheibe, mit einer Beleuchtungseinheit zur Einstrahlung von Licht in eine Fahrzeugscheibe und mit einem Lichtempf{\"a}nger, welcher von der Fahrzeugscheibe reflektiertes Licht erfasst, sowie mit einem Koppelelement zur Ein- und Auskopplung von Licht in bzw. aus der Fahrzeugscheibe, wobei die Beleuchtungseinrichtung Licht {\"u}ber einen Einfallswinkelbereich in die Fahrzeugscheibe einstrahlt, der sich {\"u}ber mehrere Winkelgrade erstreckt, wobei der Lichtempf{\"a}nger eine Vielzahl von Empfangselementen aufweist, wobei ein optisches System das von der Fahrzeugscheibe in einen Ausfallswinkelbereich reflektierte Licht auf Empfangselemente des Lichtempf{\"a}ngers abbildet und wobei der Lichtempf{\"a}nger ein Signal generiert, aus dem eine Auswertevorrichtung den Grenzwinkel der Totalreflexion an der Fahrzeugscheibe ermittelt.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{EchternachtLinnemannMoser2012, author = {Echternacht, David and Linnemann, Christian and Moser, Albert}, title = {Optimized positioning of measurements in distribution grids}, series = {2012 3rd IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT Europe), 14.10.2012 - 17.10.2012, Berlin}, booktitle = {2012 3rd IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT Europe), 14.10.2012 - 17.10.2012, Berlin}, publisher = {IEEE}, isbn = {978-1-4673-2597-4}, doi = {10.1109/ISGTEurope.2012.6465628}, pages = {1 -- 7}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @article{QuevalSoteloKharmizetal.2016, author = {Queval, Loic and Sotelo, Guilherme G. and Kharmiz, Yassin and Dias, Daniel H. N. and Sass, Felipe and Zermeno, Victor M. R. and Gottkehaskamp, Raimund}, title = {Optimization of the Superconducting Linear Magnetic Bearing of a Maglev Vehicle}, series = {IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity}, volume = {26}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity}, number = {3}, publisher = {IEEE}, issn = {1051-8223}, doi = {10.1109/TASC.2016.2528989}, year = {2016}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Kern2012, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Kern, Mirco}, title = {Optimierung der drahtlosen Kommunikation zwischen Komponenten mit Contiki-Betriebssystem in Hinblick auf Datendurchsatz, Energieeffizienz und Sicherheit am Beispiel des WieDAS-Projektes}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-7203}, school = {Fachhochschule D{\"u}sseldorf}, pages = {85}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Dieses Bachelorprojekt wurde im Labor f{\"u}r Informatik an der Fachhochschule D{\"u}sseldorf durchgef{\"u}hrt und steht im Zusammenhang mit einem Forschungsprojekt zu dem Themengebiet Ambient Assisted Living. Hauptziele des Bachelorprojektes waren die Optimierung der Kommunikation {\"u}ber das 6LoWPAN-Protokoll hinsichtlich der Aspekte Datendurchsatz, Energieeffizienz und der Sicherheit der Daten{\"u}bertragung. Um diese Ziele zu erreichen, wurden innerhalb des Projektes ein Kommunikationsmodul und eine entsprechenden Entwicklungsplatine realisiert. Zudem wurden softwaretechnische Funktionen entwickelt, die der Anpassung des Mikrocontroller-Betriebssystems Contiki 2.5 f{\"u}r die Nutzung der Stromsparfunktionen des verwendeten Mikrocontrollers ATmega128RFA1 und der Verwendung des Verschl{\"u}sselungsmoduls dienen. Durch die am Ende des Projektes durchgef{\"u}hrten Ger{\"a}tetests konnte die Erreichung der wesentlichen Projektziele verifiziert werden. Innerhalb dieser Thesis wird dem Leser neben dem Grundlagenwissen zu dem verwendeten Mikrocontroller die Vorgehensweise bei der Erstellung der Hard- und Software n{\"a}her gebracht werden.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Echternacht2015, author = {Echternacht, David}, title = {Optimierte Positionierung von Messtechnik zur Zustandssch{\"a}tzung in Verteilnetzen. Zugl.: Aachen, Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 2014}, series = {Aachener Beitr{\"a}ge zur Energieversorgung}, journal = {Aachener Beitr{\"a}ge zur Energieversorgung}, publisher = {Printproduction Wolff}, address = {Aachen}, isbn = {9783941704480}, year = {2015}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{MuellerLehmannBraun2019, author = {M{\"u}ller, Patrick and Lehmann, Matthias and Braun, Alexander}, title = {Optical quality metrics for image restoration}, series = {Digital Optical Technologies 2019}, volume = {Proceedings, Vol. 11062}, booktitle = {Digital Optical Technologies 2019}, editor = {Kress, Bernard C. and Schelkens, Peter}, address = {Munich}, organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics}, doi = {10.1117/12.2528100}, pages = {1106214}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Image restoration is a process used to remove blur (from different sources like object motion or aberrations) from images by either non-blind or blind-deconvolution. The metrics commonly used to quantify the restoration process are peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index measure (SSIM). Often only a small sample of test images are used (like Lena or the camera guy). In optical design research PSNR and SSIM are not normally used, here image quality metrics based on linear system theory (e.g. modulation transfer function, MTF) are used to quantify optical errors like spherical or chromatic aberration. In this article we investigate how different image restoration algorithms can be quantified by applying image quality metrics. We start with synthetic image data that is used in camera test stands (e.g. Siemens star etc.), apply two different spatially variant degradation algorithms, and restore the original image by a direct method (Wiener filtering within sub-images), and by an iterative method (alternating direction method of multipliers, ADMM). Afterwards we compare the quality metrics (like MTF curves) for the original, the degraded and the restored image. As a first result we show that restoration algorithms sometimes fail in dealing with non-natural scenes, e.g. slanted-edge targets. Further, these first results indicate a correlation between degradation and restoration, i.e. the restoration algorithms are not capable of removing the optically relevant errors introduced by the degradation, a fact neither visible nor available from the PSNR values. We discuss the relevance in the context of the automotive industry, where image restoration may yield distinct advantages for camera-based applications, but testing methods rely on the used image quality metrics.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{WolfBraunUlrich2024, author = {Wolf, Dominik Werner and Braun, Alexander and Ulrich, Markus}, title = {Optical aberrations in autonomous driving: Physics-informed parameterized temperature scaling for neural network uncertainty calibration}, series = {International Journal of Computer Vision (IJCV)}, journal = {International Journal of Computer Vision (IJCV)}, publisher = {arXiv}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2412.13695}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50120}, year = {2024}, abstract = {'A trustworthy representation of uncertainty is desirable and should be considered as a key feature of any machine learning method' (Huellermeier and Waegeman, 2021). This conclusion of Huellermeier et al. underpins the importance of calibrated uncertainties. Since AI-based algorithms are heavily impacted by dataset shifts, the automotive industry needs to safeguard its system against all possible contingencies. One important but often neglected dataset shift is caused by optical aberrations induced by the windshield. For the verification of the perception system performance, requirements on the AI performance need to be translated into optical metrics by a bijective mapping (Braun, 2023). Given this bijective mapping it is evident that the optical system characteristics add additional information about the magnitude of the dataset shift. As a consequence, we propose to incorporate a physical inductive bias into the neural network calibration architecture to enhance the robustness and the trustworthiness of the AI target application, which we demonstrate by using a semantic segmentation task as an example. By utilizing the Zernike coefficient vector of the optical system as a physical prior we can significantly reduce the mean expected calibration error in case of optical aberrations. As a result, we pave the way for a trustworthy uncertainty representation and for a holistic verification strategy of the perception chain.}, language = {en} } @article{RichterSteenmannSchellscheidtetal.2019, author = {Richter, Jessica and Steenmann, Anna and Schellscheidt, Benjamin and Licht, Thomas}, title = {On-Chip Diffusion Bonding creates Stable Interconnections Usable at Temperatures over 300°C}, series = {International Symposium on Microelectronics}, volume = {2019}, journal = {International Symposium on Microelectronics}, number = {1}, publisher = {IMAPS}, organization = {IMAPS}, doi = {10.4071/2380-4505-2019.1.000530}, pages = {000530 -- 000534}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{FatemiTischbeinWirtzetal.2023, author = {Fatemi, Armin and Tischbein, Franziska and Wirtz, Frank and Schmoger, Christin and Dorendorf, Stefan and Schurtz, Annika and Echternacht, David and Ulbig, Andreas}, title = {On the Impact of Smartification Strategies for the State Estimation of Low Voltage Grids}, series = {13th "Internationale Energiewirtschaftstagung" (IEWT2023), February 15-17, 2023, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {13th "Internationale Energiewirtschaftstagung" (IEWT2023), February 15-17, 2023, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {arXiv}, address = {Wien}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2303.07964}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-41282}, pages = {1 -- 15}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The decarbonization of for example the energy or heat sector leads to the transformation of distribution grids. The expansion of decentralized energy resources and the integration of new consumers due to sector coupling (e.g. heat pumps or electric vehicles) into low voltage grids increases the need for grid expansion and usage of flexibilities in the grid. A high observability of the current grid status is needed to perform these tasks efficiently and effectively. Therefore, there is a need to increase the observability of low voltage grids by installing measurement technologies (e.g. smart meters). Multiple different measurement technologies are available for low voltage grids which can vary in their benefit to observation quality and their installation costs. Therefore, Bayernwerk Netz GmbH and E.DIS AG in cooperation with E-Bridge Consulting GmbH and the Institute for High Voltage Equipment and Grids, Digitalization and Energy Economics (IAEW) investigated the effectiveness of different strategies for the smartification of low voltage grids. This paper presents the methodology used for the investigation and exemplary results focusing on the impact of intelligent cable distribution cabinets and smart meters on the quality of the state estimation.}, language = {en} } @article{WolfUlrichBraun2023, author = {Wolf, Dominik Werner and Ulrich, Markus and Braun, Alexander}, title = {Novel developments of refractive power measurement techniques in the automotive world}, series = {Metrologia}, volume = {60}, journal = {Metrologia}, number = {064001}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, issn = {1681-7575}, doi = {10.1088/1681-7575/acf1a4}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-41484}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Refractive power measurements serve as the primary quality standard in the automotive glazing industry. In the light of autonomous driving new optical metrics are becoming more and more popular for specifying optical quality requirements for the windshield. Nevertheless, the link between those quantities and the refractive power needs to be established in order to ensure a holistic requirement profile for the windshield. As a consequence, traceable high-resolution refractive power measurements are still required for the glass quality assessment. Standard measurement systems using Moir{\´e} patterns for refractive power monitoring in the automotive industry are highly resolution limited, wherefore they are insufficient for evaluating the camera window area. Consequently, there is a need for more sophisticated refractive power measurement systems that provide a higher spatial resolution. In addition, a calibration procedure has to be developed in order to guarantee for comparability of the measurement results. For increasing the resolution, a measurement setup based on an auto-correlation algorithm is tested in this paper. Furthermore, a calibration procedure is established by using a single reference lens with a nominal refractive power of 100 km-1. For the calibration of the entire measurement range of the system, the lens is tilted by an inclination angle orthogonal to the optical axis. The effective refractive power is then given by the Kerkhof model. By adopting the measurement and calibration procedure presented in this paper, glass suppliers in the automotive industry will be able to detect relevant manufacturing defects within the camera window area more accurately paving the way for a holistic quality assurance of the windshield for future advanced driver-assistance system (ADAS) functionalities. Concurrently, the traceability of the measurement results is ensured by establishing a calibration chain based on a single reference lens, which is traced back to international standards.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{NabholzCurcicMehneretal.2019, author = {Nabholz, Ulrike and Curcic, Michael and Mehner, Jan E. and Degenfeld-Schonburg, Peter}, title = {Nonlinear Dynamical System Model for Drive Mode Amplitude Instabilities in MEMS Gyroscopes}, series = {2019 IEEE International Symposium on Inertial Sensors and Systems (INERTIAL), Naples, 01-05 April 2019}, booktitle = {2019 IEEE International Symposium on Inertial Sensors and Systems (INERTIAL), Naples, 01-05 April 2019}, publisher = {IEEE}, isbn = {978-1-5386-7828-2}, doi = {10.1109/ISISS.2019.8739703}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @techreport{MahmensCajigalNunezStruweetal.2023, author = {Mahmens, Ronald and Cajigal N{\´u}{\~n}ez, Jos{\´e} Manuel and Struwe, Julian and Wrede, Holger}, title = {NetzWind - Netzbildende Windenergieanlagen f{\"u}r zuk{\"u}nftige Energieversorgungsnetze mit dem Attribut zur Schwarzstart- und Inselnetzf{\"a}higkeit}, publisher = {Zenodo}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.7936219}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-49632}, pages = {54}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Mit dem Forschungsprojekt „NetzWind - Netzbildende Windenergieanlagen f{\"u}r zuk{\"u}nftige Energieversorgungsnetze mit dem Attribut zur Schwarzstart- und Inselnetzf{\"a}higkeit", verfolgten die Hochschule D{\"u}sseldorf HHSD), die W2E Wind to Energy GmbH (W2E) und ConverterTec Deutschland GmbH (CT) in Zusammenarbeit das Ziel, ein Verfahren f{\"u}r Windenergieanlagen (WEA) zu entwickeln, welches einen netzbildenden Betrieb erm{\"o}glicht und damit Lastschwankungen im Netz augenblicklich kompensieren kann. Im Rahmen der Projektbearbeitung wurde auf die detaillierte Betrachtung von WEA mit doppelt-gespeister-Asynchronmaschine (DFIG) verzichtet, daf{\"u}r aber die Erarbeitung des Regelungsverfahrens f{\"u}r WEA mit permanenterregten Synchronmaschinen (PMSG) in einem sehr hohen Detailgrad ausgef{\"u}hrt, um damit die M{\"o}glichkeit zur Adaptierung der Technologie in andere Systeme wie z.B. Photovoltaikanlagen und Batteriespeicher vorzuhalten. Zur Funktionserf{\"u}llung der entwickelten netzdienlichen Regelung sind Energiespeicher zur Deckung der augenblicklichen und kurzzeitigen Leistungsbereitstellung (Momentanreserve) einzusetzen. Aus der Bewertung unterschiedlicher Optionen wurde die Nutzung der in der WEA konstruktionsbedingt enthaltenen Rotationsmassen als mechanischer Energiespeicher betrachtet. Umfangreiche simulations-basierte Untersuchungen unter Verwendung verschiedener Regelungsans{\"a}tze der Turbine zeigen an relevanten Stellen die Wirkung des dynamischen Leistungsabrufs auf die strukturmechanischen Komponenten. Im Ergebnis ist eine h{\"o}here Belastung gegeben, eine Leistungsbereitstellung jedoch m{\"o}glich. Weiterf{\"u}hrende Rechnungen zu Auswirkungen der zus{\"a}tzlichen Belastung auf die Lebens-dauer einzelner Komponenten kann mit den ermittelten Lastzeitreihen auf Bauteilebene erfolgen. Als weitere Option f{\"u}r einen Energiespeicher wurde die Verwendung eines elektrochemischen Energiespeichers auf Basis der Natrium-Ionen Technologie als vorteilhaft erachtet. Diese Technologie ist Stand der Forschung und weist eine {\"A}hnlichkeit mit Lithium-Ionen-Batterien auf. {\"U}ber die Analyse der Leistungsbereitstellung unter Verwendung der Lithium-Ionen-Batterie wurde das Ziel verfolgt, das erarbeitete Regelungskonzept auch f{\"u}r die Natrium-Ionen-Batterie zu verwenden. Daf{\"u}r wurde in der Modellentwicklung das bestehende Umrichtersystem um einen Gleichspannungssteller und die Batterie erweitert und das Lade- und Entladeverhalten des Batteriespeichers in Kombination mit der Bereitstellung von Momentanreserve analysiert und ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen ein stabiles Verhalten der Regelung und belegen die M{\"o}glichkeit zur Nutzung von Batteriespeichern. Zur Erf{\"u}llung des Schwarzstarts wurde das Anlagenverhalten analysiert und der Eigenverbrauch der WEA ermittelt. Somit konnte die Kapazit{\"a}t des daf{\"u}r einzusetzenden Energiespeichers festgelegt werden. Weiterhin konnte ein Verfahren entwickelt werden, welches nicht nur den Start ber{\"u}cksichtigt, sondern auch eine erweiterte Frequenzregelung f{\"u}r {\"U}ber- als auch Unterfrequenzen. Die {\"U}berf{\"u}hrung des netzbildenden Regelungsverfahrens auf den vorhandenen Hardware-Controller des Umrichters erfolgte schrittweise, konnte jedoch seitens CT nicht vollst{\"a}ndig abgeschlossen werden. Die Regelungsalgorithmen aus dem Simulationsmodell der Hochschule D{\"u}sseldorf wurden heraus-gel{\"o}st, in eine eigenst{\"a}ndige Dynamic Link Library (DLL) geschrieben und darauffolgend die f{\"u}r den Controller erforderlichen Datentypen der Signale angepasst. Die Regelung zeigt hierbei prinzipiell ein stabiles Verhalten, jedoch f{\"u}hrten die erforderlichen Anpassungen der Datentypen zu Rundungsfehlern. Hier sind weiterf{\"u}hrende Optimierungen erforderlich, um eine vollst{\"a}ndige Portierung zu erm{\"o}glichen. Im Laufe der Projektbearbeitungszeit ist es dem Konsortium gelungen, die erlangten Kenntnisse in diversen Gremien und Arbeitskreise einzubringen und zu diskutieren sowie in internationalen Ver{\"o}ffentlichungen zu pr{\"a}sentieren. Dieses innovative Projekt mit Az. 35340/01 wurde durch die DBU - Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt gef{\"o}rdert. Der Abschlussbericht ist zu beziehen unter www.dbu.de}, subject = {Windenergie}, language = {de} } @article{MuellerBraun2023, author = {M{\"u}ller, Patrick and Braun, Alexander}, title = {MTF as a performance indicator for AI algorithms?}, series = {Electronic Imaging: Society for Imaging Science and Technology}, volume = {35}, journal = {Electronic Imaging: Society for Imaging Science and Technology}, number = {16}, publisher = {Society for Imaging Science and Technology}, issn = {2470-1173}, doi = {10.2352/EI.2023.35.16.AVM-125}, pages = {1 -- 7}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Abstract The modulation-transfer function (MTF) is a fundamental optical metric to measure the optical quality of an imaging system. In the automotive industry it is used to qualify camera systems for ADAS/AD. Each modern ADAS/AD system includes evaluation algorithms for environment perception and decision making that are based on AI/ML methods and neural networks. The performance of these AI algorithms is measured by established metrics like Average Precision (AP) or precision-recall-curves. In this article we research the robustness of the link between the optical quality metric and the AI performance metric. A series of numerical experiments were performed with object detection and instance segmentation algorithms (cars, pedestrians) evaluated on image databases with varying optical quality. We demonstrate with these that for strong optical aberrations a distinct performance loss is apparent, but that for subtle optical quality differences - as might arise during production tolerances - this link does not exhibit a satisfactory correlation. This calls into question how reliable the current industry practice is where a produced camera is tested end-of-line (EOL) with the MTF, and fixed MTF thresholds are used to qualify the performance of the camera-under-test.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{EchternachtStaggePriebeetal.2015, author = {Echternacht, David and Stagge, Hanno and Priebe, Jens and Wiernes, Pablo Ezequiel and Jagielski, Kai and Petri, Anne-Kathrin and Drießen, Sarah and Trevisan, Bianka and Digmayer, Claas and Oberst, Christian A. and Keysselitz, B{\"a}rbel and Kremer, Martin and Sieber, Sandra and Krapp, Stefan and Jakobs, Eva-Maria and Frenz, Martin and Lohrberg, Frank and Wachten, Kunibert and Moser, Albert}, title = {Modelling, Planning, Design and Evaluation of DC-Distribution Grids}, series = {International ETG Congress 2015 : die Energiewende ; blueprints for the new energy age ; proceedings ; November 17 - 18, 2015, World Conference Center, Bonn}, booktitle = {International ETG Congress 2015 : die Energiewende ; blueprints for the new energy age ; proceedings ; November 17 - 18, 2015, World Conference Center, Bonn}, publisher = {VDE-Verl.}, address = {Bonn}, pages = {289 -- 295}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @article{LehmannWittpahlZakouretal.2019, author = {Lehmann, Matthias and Wittpahl, Christian and Zakour, Hatem Ben and Braun, Alexander}, title = {Modeling realistic optical aberrations to reuse existing drive scene recordings for autonomous driving validation}, series = {Journal of Electronic Imaging}, volume = {28}, journal = {Journal of Electronic Imaging}, number = {1}, publisher = {SPIE}, issn = {1560-229X}, doi = {10.1117/1.JEI.28.1.013005}, pages = {013005}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Training autonomous vehicles requires lots of driving sequences in all situations. Collecting and labeling these drive scenes is a very time-consuming and expensive process. Currently, it is not possible to reuse these drive scenes with different optical properties, because there exists no numerically efficient model for the transfer function of the optical system. We present a numerical model for the point spread function (PSF) of an optical system that can efficiently model both experimental measurements and lens design simulations of the PSF. The numerical basis for this model is a nonlinear regression of the PSF with an artificial neural network. The novelty lies in the portability and the parameterization of this model. We present a lens measurement series, yielding a numerical function for the PSF that depends only on the parameters defocus, field, and azimuth. By convolving existing images and videos with this PSF, we generate images as if seen through the measured lens. The methodology applies to any optical scenario, but we focus on the context of autonomous driving, where the quality of the detection algorithms depends directly on the optical quality of the used camera system. With this model, it is possible to reuse existing recordings, with the potential to avoid millions of test drive miles. The parameterization of the optical model allows for a method to validate the functional and safety limits of camera-based advanced driver assistance systems based on the real, measured lens actually used in the product.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LinnemannEchternachtBreueretal.2011, author = {Linnemann, Christian and Echternacht, David and Breuer, Christopher and Moser, Albert}, title = {Modeling optimal redispatch for the European Transmission grid}, series = {2011 IEEE Trondheim PowerTech,19.06.2011 - 23.06.2011, Trondheim}, booktitle = {2011 IEEE Trondheim PowerTech,19.06.2011 - 23.06.2011, Trondheim}, publisher = {IEEE}, isbn = {978-1-4244-8418-8}, doi = {10.1109/PTC.2011.6019442}, pages = {1 -- 8}, year = {2011}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DiprasetyaPullaniSchwungetal.2024, author = {Diprasetya, Mochammad Rizky and Pullani, Ali Nafih and Schwung, Andreas and Schwung, Dorothea}, title = {Model-based Reinforcement Learning for Sim-to-Real Transfer in Robotics using HTM neural networks}, series = {2024 10th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT), 1-4 July 2024}, volume = {97}, booktitle = {2024 10th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT), 1-4 July 2024}, publisher = {IEEE}, doi = {10.1109/CoDIT62066.2024.10708424}, pages = {43 -- 48}, year = {2024}, subject = {Maschinelles Lernen}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Schulte2015, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Schulte, Stephen}, title = {Migration der Nutzerwelten RCP Anwendung von Eclipse Version 3.7 nach Eclipse 4.x}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-8843}, school = {Fachhochschule D{\"u}sseldorf}, pages = {51}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Im Rahmen dieser Bachelorthesis sollen die M{\"o}glichkeiten f{\"u}r eine Migration des Nutzerwelten Programmcodes in die neuen Eclipse 4 Versionen ermittelt und anhand von Beispielen schrittweise erkl{\"a}rt werden. Hierbei werden zun{\"a}chst die neuen M{\"o}glichkeiten erl{\"a}utert die eine Eclipse 4 Entwicklung bietet und welche Vorteile durch die Einf{\"u}hrung von Dependency Injections und dem Application Model entstanden sind. Anschließend werden die m{\"o}glichen Wege zur Durchf{\"u}hrung einer Migration aufgezeigt und auf ihre Vorteile und Nachteile {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft. Im letzten Abschnitt werden schließlich die Migrationswege anhand von Beispielen schrittweise an einem Bundle der Nutzerwelten RCP durchgef{\"u}hrt und auf ihren Nutzen f{\"u}r eine Migration des gesamten Programms bewertet.}, language = {de} } @article{SteenmannRichterLicht2023, author = {Steenmann, Anna and Richter, Jessica and Licht, Thomas}, title = {Micro-additives and their impact on tensile and fracture performance of solder}, series = {Microelectronics Reliability}, volume = {150}, journal = {Microelectronics Reliability}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {0026-2714}, doi = {10.1016/j.microrel.2023.115107}, pages = {5}, year = {2023}, subject = {Zugversuch}, language = {en} } @article{KagermannLangRoscher2020, author = {Kagermann, Dominik and Lang, Kati and Roscher, Ang{\´e}lique}, title = {Mehr Lernerfolg durch die Digitalisierung der Lehre}, series = {Sales Excellence}, volume = {29}, journal = {Sales Excellence}, number = {11}, publisher = {Springer Fachmedien}, doi = {10.1007/s35141-020-0392-9}, pages = {20 -- 23}, year = {2020}, language = {de} } @article{CurcicStollWeigandetal.2011, author = {Curcic, Michael and Stoll, Hermann and Weigand, Markus and Sackmann, Vitalij and Juellig, Patrick and Kammerer, Matthias and Noske, Matthias and Sproll, Markus and Van Waeyenberge, Bartel and Vansteenkiste, Arne and Woltersdorf, Georg and Tyliszczak, Tolek and Sch{\"u}tz, Gisela}, title = {Magnetic vortex core reversal by rotating magnetic fields generated on micrometer length scales}, series = {physica status solidi (b)}, volume = {248}, journal = {physica status solidi (b)}, number = {10}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {0370-1972}, doi = {10.1002/pssb.201147208}, pages = {2317 -- 2322}, year = {2011}, abstract = {AbstractUnidirectional switching of the magnetic vortex core can be achieved in micron-sized ferromagnetic platelets by excitation of the gyrotropic mode of the vortex structure with in-plane rotating magnetic fields. Circulating fields with a switchable sense of rotation (clockwise, CW or counter clockwise, CCW) have been generated on a micrometer length scale at frequencies up to 1 GHz by two orthogonal electric RF currents with 90° phase shift flowing through crossed but not isolated striplines. Decoupling of these currents is realized by balanced symmetric RF sources. The amplitudes of the rotating magnetic fields and their spatial distributions are calculated and the stripline geometry is discussed. By taking advantage of this technique, unidirectional vortex core reversal by excitation with CW or CCW rotating magnetic fields has been observed by time resolved scanning transmission X-ray microscopy. An area with reversed magnetization, the "dip," was observed near the vortex core before vortex core reversal.}, language = {en} } @article{KammererWeigandCurcicetal.2011, author = {Kammerer, Matthias and Weigand, Markus and Curcic, Michael and Noske, Matthias and Sproll, Markus and Vansteenkiste, Arne and Van Waeyenberge, Bartel and Stoll, Hermann and Woltersdorf, Georg and Back, Christian H. and Schuetz, Gisela}, title = {Magnetic vortex core reversal by excitation of spin waves}, series = {Nature Communications}, volume = {2}, journal = {Nature Communications}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, issn = {2041-1723}, doi = {10.1038/ncomms1277}, year = {2011}, language = {en} } @article{KamionkaMartensChouetal.2010, author = {Kamionka, Thomas and Martens, Michael and Chou, Kang Wei and Curcic, Michael and Drews, Andr{\´e} and Sch{\"u}tz, Gisela and Tyliszczak, Tolek and Stoll, Hermann and Van Waeyenberge, Bartel and Meier, Guido}, title = {Magnetic Antivortex-Core Reversal by Circular-Rotational Spin Currents}, series = {Physical Review Letters}, volume = {105}, journal = {Physical Review Letters}, number = {13}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, issn = {0031-9007}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.137204}, year = {2010}, language = {en} } @article{MuellerBraun2023, author = {M{\"u}ller, Patrick and Braun, Alexander}, title = {Local performance evaluation of AI-algorithms with the generalized spatial recall index}, series = {tm - Technisches Messen}, volume = {90}, journal = {tm - Technisches Messen}, number = {7-8}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, issn = {2196-7113}, doi = {10.1515/teme-2023-0013}, pages = {464 -- 477}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @misc{Braun2001, author = {Braun, Alexander}, title = {Laserspektroskopische Messverfahren zur Temperaturbestimmung in Sprays}, publisher = {Georg-August-Universit{\"a}t G{\"o}ttingen}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, organization = {Georg-August-Universit{\"a}t G{\"o}ttingen}, year = {2001}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{EchternachtLinnemannDreesetal.2012, author = {Echternacht, David and Linnemann, Christian and Drees, Tim and Breuer, Christopher and Moser, Albert}, title = {Large-Scale Storage Technologies in the Context of future German Transmission Grid Congestions}, series = {7th International Renewable Energy Storage Conference, 12.11.-14.11.2012, Berlin}, booktitle = {7th International Renewable Energy Storage Conference, 12.11.-14.11.2012, Berlin}, editor = {EUROSOLAR and the World Council for Renewable Energy,}, address = {Berlin}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Kock2012, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Kock, Stephan}, title = {K{\"o}rperschallmessungen an techn. Systemen}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-7592}, school = {Fachhochschule D{\"u}sseldorf}, pages = {102}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Entwicklung eines Messplatzes zur Erfassung von K{\"o}rperschallemissionen eines technischen Systems. Der Leser dieser Arbeit soll einen Einblick in die physikalischen und normativen Grundlagen einer K{\"o}rperschalluntersuchung erhalten. Er soll weiterhin in die Lage versetzt werden, den entwickelten Messplatz zu verstehen und eigenst{\"a}ndig Pr{\"u}fungen durchzuf{\"u}hren.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{EchternachtKleimaierMoser2013, author = {Echternacht, David and Kleimaier, Martin and Moser, Albert}, title = {Kostenoptimale Positionierung von Messtechnik zur Zustandssch{\"a}tzung in der Verteilnetzebene unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung stochastisch abh{\"a}ngiger Messfehler}, series = {Internationaler ETG-Kongress 2013 - Energieversorgung auf dem Weg nach 2050 - Symposium 1: Security in Critical Infrastructures Today 11/05/2013 - 11/06/2013, Berlin}, booktitle = {Internationaler ETG-Kongress 2013 - Energieversorgung auf dem Weg nach 2050 - Symposium 1: Security in Critical Infrastructures Today 11/05/2013 - 11/06/2013, Berlin}, publisher = {VDE}, address = {Berlin}, pages = {1 -- 8}, year = {2013}, language = {de} } @masterthesis{Knoll2013, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Knoll, Andreas}, title = {Konzeption und Realisierung einer Client-Server-Anwendung zum mobilen entfernten Zugriff auf Dienste einer Ambient Assisted Living Service Plattform}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-8080}, school = {Fachhochschule D{\"u}sseldorf}, pages = {71}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Diese Bachelor-Thesis befasst sich mit der Konzeption und Realisierung einer Client-Server-Anwendung zum mobilen entfernten Zugriff auf Dienste einer Ambient Assisted Living Plattform. Die Anwendungslogik befindet sich dabei auf einem Server, welcher Dienste mithilfe einer Implementierung von OSGi Remote Services zur Verf{\"u}gung stellt. Als Client-Anwendung fungiert eine Android-App, welche auf diese Dienste zugreift und vom Server mittels auf dem MQTT-Protokoll basierenden Push Notifications {\"u}ber Alarme informiert wird. Diese Ausarbeitung gibt zun{\"a}chst einen Einblick in die Android- und OSGi-Programmierung und beschreibt die Anforderungen an das zu entwerfende System. Nachfolgend wird der aktuelle Stand der Technik betrachtet und ein Realisierungskonzept erstellt. Anschließend wird die Realisierung der gew{\"u}nschten Anwendung dokumentiert und das Ergebnis evaluiert.}, language = {de} } @masterthesis{Wientzek2012, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Wientzek, Niels}, title = {Konzeption und Implementierung eines Android-Services f{\"u}r das OSGi-Framework}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-7341}, school = {Fachhochschule D{\"u}sseldorf}, pages = {77}, year = {2012}, abstract = {In diesem Projekt wird ein Softwaresystem entwickelt, mit dem es m{\"o}glich ist ein OSGi Framework durchg{\"a}ngig im Hintergrund von Android zu betreiben. F{\"u}r die Demonstration der Kommunikation zwischen Framework und weiteren Android Anwendungen wird eine Beispielanwendung entworfen. Im ersten Teil dieser Arbeit wird auf die technischen Grundlagen von Android sowie auf die OSGi Service Platform eingegangen. Anschließend folgt die Anforderungsanalyse, sowie die State-of-the-art-Analyse. Das Konzept wird erstellt und anschließend die Implementierung erl{\"a}utert. Zum Schluss wird das Softwaresystem evaluiert und eine Zusammenfassung aller Kapitel beendet die Arbeit.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{EchternachtSchultze2018, author = {Echternacht, David and Schultze, Nico}, title = {Integriertes Asset Management als Basis einer Energiewendegerechten Instandhaltungs- und Investitionsstrategie}, series = {Anlagentechnik 2018: Anlagentechnik f{\"u}r elektrische Verteilungsnetze}, volume = {Anlagentechnik f{\"u}r elektrische Verteilungsnetze}, booktitle = {Anlagentechnik 2018: Anlagentechnik f{\"u}r elektrische Verteilungsnetze}, editor = {Cichowski, Rolf R{\"u}diger}, publisher = {EW Medien und Kongresse}, address = {Frankfurt am Main}, isbn = {9783802211669}, pages = {167 -- 173}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @article{YuwonoSchwungSchwung2025, author = {Yuwono, Steve and Schwung, Andreas and Schwung, Dorothea}, title = {Integrating Deep Model-Based Learning With Modular State-Based Stackelberg Games for Self-Optimizing Distributed Production Systems}, series = {IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)}, issn = {2168-2267}, doi = {10.1109/TCYB.2025.3610707}, pages = {12}, year = {2025}, subject = {Intelligente Fertigung}, language = {en} } @article{VansteenkisteDeBaerdemaekerChouetal.2008, author = {Vansteenkiste, A. and De Baerdemaeker, J. and Chou, Kang Wei and Stoll, H. and Curcic, Michael and Tyliszczak, T. and Woltersdorf, G. and Back, Christian H. and Sch{\"u}tz, G. and Van Waeyenberge, B.}, title = {Influence of domain wall pinning on the dynamic behavior of magnetic vortex structures: Time-resolved scanning x-ray transmission microscopy in NiFe thin film structures}, series = {Physical Review B}, volume = {77}, journal = {Physical Review B}, number = {14}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, issn = {1098-0121}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.77.144420}, year = {2008}, language = {en} } @article{LangmannStiller2015, author = {Langmann, Reinhard and Stiller, Michael}, title = {Industrial Cloud - Status und Ausblick}, series = {HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik}, volume = {52}, journal = {HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik}, number = {5}, publisher = {Springer Fachmedien}, doi = {10.1365/s40702-015-0162-0}, pages = {647 -- 664}, year = {2015}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{JohanningBraunElmanetal.2007, author = {Johanning, M. and Braun, Alexander and Elman, V. and Wunderlich, Chr. and Neuhauser, W.}, title = {Individual Addressing with Trapped Yb+ Ions}, series = {2007 European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and the International Quantum Electronics Conference, 17.06.2007 - 22.06.2007, Munich, Germany}, booktitle = {2007 European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and the International Quantum Electronics Conference, 17.06.2007 - 22.06.2007, Munich, Germany}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-1-4244-0930-3}, doi = {10.1109/CLEOE-IQEC.2007.4386787}, pages = {1}, year = {2007}, language = {en} } @article{JohanningBraunTimoneyetal.2009, author = {Johanning, M. and Braun, Alexander and Timoney, N. and Elman, V. and Neuhauser, W. and Wunderlich, Chr}, title = {Individual addressing of trapped ions and coupling of motional and spin states using RF radiation}, series = {Physical review letters}, volume = {102}, journal = {Physical review letters}, number = {7}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, issn = {1079-7114}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.073004}, year = {2009}, abstract = {Individual electrodynamically trapped and laser cooled ions are addressed in frequency space using radio-frequency radiation in the presence of a static magnetic field gradient. In addition, an interaction between motional and spin states induced by an rf field is demonstrated employing rf optical double resonance spectroscopy. These are two essential experimental steps towards realizing a novel concept for implementing quantum simulations and quantum computing with trapped ions.}, language = {en} } @article{HeizmannBraunGlitzneretal.2022, author = {Heizmann, Michael and Braun, Alexander and Glitzner, Markus and G{\"u}nther, Matthias and Hasna, G{\"u}nther and Kl{\"u}ver, Christina and Krooß, Jakob and Marquardt, Erik and Overdick, Michael and Ulrich, Markus}, title = {Implementing machine learning: chances and challenges}, series = {at - Automatisierungstechnik}, volume = {70}, journal = {at - Automatisierungstechnik}, number = {1}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {2196-677X}, doi = {10.1515/auto-2021-0149}, pages = {90 -- 101}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @misc{Wlotzka2016, author = {Wlotzka, Victoria}, title = {Implementierung von MQTT Services in openHAB}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-9712}, pages = {51}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Dieses Praxisprojekt befasst sich mit dem offenen Nachrichten-Protokoll MQTT und wie dieses in dem Heimautomatisierungsprogramm openHAB implementiert werden kann. Dabei wird zun{\"a}chst auf die verschiedenen Funktionalit{\"a}ten von MQTT eingegangen. Im Folgenden wird das Programm openHAB n{\"a}her erl{\"a}utert und Schritt f{\"u}r Schritt erkl{\"a}rt, wie die Implementierung durchgef{\"u}hrt wird. Zum Schluss wird gezeigt, wie mit Hilfe von MQTT der Zugriff auf die Android App von Nutzerwelten erfolgt.}, language = {de} } @article{KrebsMuellerBraun2021, author = {Krebs, Christian and M{\"u}ller, Patrick and Braun, Alexander}, title = {Impact of Windshield Optical Aberrations on Visual Range Camera Based Classification Tasks Performed by CNNs}, series = {London Imaging Meeting}, volume = {2021}, journal = {London Imaging Meeting}, number = {1}, publisher = {Ingenta connect}, isbn = {0-89208-346-6}, issn = {2694-118X}, doi = {10.2352/issn.2694-118X.2021.LIM-83}, pages = {83 -- 87}, year = {2021}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{MuellerBraunKeuper2022, author = {M{\"u}ller, Patrick and Braun, Alexander and Keuper, Margret}, title = {Impact of realistic properties of the point spread function on classification tasks to reveal a possible distribution shift}, series = {NeurIPS 2022: Workshop on Distribution Shifts: Connecting Methods and Applications, December 3rd, 2022, New Orleans, USA}, booktitle = {NeurIPS 2022: Workshop on Distribution Shifts: Connecting Methods and Applications, December 3rd, 2022, New Orleans, USA}, publisher = {NeurIPS}, address = {New Orleans}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BreuerDreesEchternachtetal.2012, author = {Breuer, Christopher and Drees, Tim and Echternacht, David and Linnemann, Christian and Moser, Albert}, title = {Identification of potentials and locations for power-to-gas in germany}, series = {6. EUROSOLAR-Konferenz "Stadtwerke mit erneuerbaren Energien", 21.-22. Juni 2012, Heidelberg}, booktitle = {6. EUROSOLAR-Konferenz "Stadtwerke mit erneuerbaren Energien", 21.-22. Juni 2012, Heidelberg}, publisher = {Eurosolar}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-00-037648-1}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @unpublished{YuwonoLoeppenbergSchwungetal.2024, author = {Yuwono, Steve and L{\"o}ppenberg, Marlon and Schwung, Dorothea and Schwung, Andreas}, title = {Gradient-based Learning in State-based Potential Games for Self-Learning Production Systems}, series = {arxiv}, journal = {arxiv}, publisher = {arxiv}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2406.10015}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In this paper, we introduce novel gradient-based optimization methods for state-based potential games (SbPGs) within self-learning distributed production systems. SbPGs are recognised for their efficacy in enabling self-optimizing distributed multi-agent systems and offer a proven convergence guarantee, which facilitates collaborative player efforts towards global objectives. Our study strives to replace conventional ad-hoc random exploration-based learning in SbPGs with contemporary gradient-based approaches, which aim for faster convergence and smoother exploration dynamics, thereby shortening training duration while upholding the efficacy of SbPGs. Moreover, we propose three distinct variants for estimating the objective function of gradient-based learning, each developed to suit the unique characteristics of the systems under consideration. To validate our methodology, we apply it to a laboratory testbed, namely Bulk Good Laboratory Plant, which represents a smart and flexible distributed multi-agent production system. The incorporation of gradient-based learning in SbPGs reduces training times and achieves more optimal policies than its baseline.}, subject = {Maschinelles Lernen}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Sturmberg2014, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Sturmberg, Marius}, title = {Funktionale Erweiterung der Open Source ERPSoftware iDempiere}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-8424}, school = {Fachhochschule D{\"u}sseldorf}, pages = {81}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Diese Bachelor-Thesis befasst sich mit der Plug-in-Entwicklung der auf OSGi basierenden Open-Source ERP Software iDempiere. Sie gibt einen Einblick in die Grundlagen der Plug-in-Entwicklung in iDempiere wobei der Fokus auf der Entwicklung von iDempiere-Prozessen liegt. Im Mittelpunkt der Arbeit steht allerdings die Konzeption, Realisierung und Validierung eines eigenen Plug-ins.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{WillersCurcicBosch2017, author = {Willers, Oliver and Curcic, Michael and Bosch, Robert}, title = {Fingerprinting MEMS Gyroscopes}, series = {11th Smart Systems Integration Conference 2017 International Conference and Exhibition on Integration Issues of Miniaturized Systems Cork, Ireland 8-9 March 2017}, booktitle = {11th Smart Systems Integration Conference 2017 International Conference and Exhibition on Integration Issues of Miniaturized Systems Cork, Ireland 8-9 March 2017}, editor = {Thomas, Otto}, publisher = {Curran Associates, Inc.}, isbn = {978-1-5108-4478-0}, pages = {133}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @misc{OPUS4-2, title = {Fachbereich Elektrotechnik}, publisher = {Bonifatius Druck}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, organization = {Fachhochschule D{\"u}sseldorf}, isbn = {3-923669-65-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-302}, pages = {25}, year = {2003}, abstract = {Selbstdarstellung des Fachbereich Elektrotechnik der Fachhochschule D{\"u}sseldorf}, language = {de} }