@misc{Cosfeld2026, author = {Cosfeld, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Rapid Deployment of Hardware-Accelerated Vision AI Applications on the Xilinx Kria KV260 Platform}, publisher = {Hochschule D{\"u}sseldorf}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, doi = {10.20385/opus4-6081}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-60815}, pages = {119}, year = {2026}, abstract = {This teaching-oriented paper presents a structured introduction to the deployment of hardware-accelerated vision AI applications on the Xilinx Kria KV260 platform. Rather than focusing on low-level hardware design, the material emphasises system integration, runtime configuration, and the interaction between software and reconfigurable logic within a modern heterogeneous embedded system. Using a pre-integrated smart camera application as a guiding example, the paper demonstrates how FPGA-based acceleration can be accessed through standard Linux tools, containerised execution environments, and network-based video streaming. The approach is specifically designed for higher education, enabling students to gain practical insight into adaptive computing platforms while maintaining a clear conceptual understanding of hardware-software co-design principles.}, language = {en} } @article{BergmannHaddadThoelkeJeongetal.2026, author = {Bergmann, Marie and Haddad-Thoelke, Pascale and Jeong, Haeran and Kappeler, Ron and Altug, Hicran and Oberwinster, Lukas and Boogaard, Hanna and Pohl, Tobias and Soppa, Vanessa and Ogurtsova, Katherine and Joss, Meltem Kutlar and Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic and Hoffmann, Barbara}, title = {Systematic review and meta-analysis on the health effects of long-term exposure to ultrafine particles}, series = {European Respiratory Review}, volume = {35}, journal = {European Respiratory Review}, number = {179}, publisher = {European Respiratory Society}, issn = {1600-0617}, doi = {10.1183/16000617.0156-2025}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-60272}, pages = {39}, year = {2026}, abstract = {Background Ultrafine particles (≤100 nm diameter) may have a higher toxicity than larger particles but are still not regulated nor part of routine air pollution monitoring. So far, health effects of long-term exposure to ambient ultrafine particles are not well understood, owing to a lack of exposure data and epidemiological studies. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the health effects of long-term exposure to ultrafine particles, including studies published until December 2024. A meta-analysis was conducted for outcomes with at least four available effect estimates. Confidence in the body of evidence was evaluated using the Office of Health Assessment and Translation method. Results We identified 85 studies investigating various mortality, morbidity and subclinical outcomes. In meta-analyses of single-pollutant models, we found positive associations with natural mortality (hazard ratio 1.06, 95\% CI 1.04-1.08) and C-reactive protein (10.14\% increase (95\% CI -0.51-21.99\%) per 10 000 pt·cm-3 increase in long-term exposure to ultrafine particles, with low and inadequate levels of evidence, respectively. The remaining studies revealed overall limited evidence for adverse effects on a wide range of outcomes. Less than half of the studies adjusted for co-pollutants. Conclusion The evidence base on long-term health effects of ultrafine particles has increased substantially in the past decade, while the overall evidence for independent effects of long-term ultrafine particle exposure remains inadequate to low. More studies are needed to draw firm conclusions about the independent adverse effects of long-term ultrafine particles on various health end-points, with a special focus on the influence of co-pollutant adjustment.}, subject = {Schadstoffbelastung}, language = {en} } @techreport{KostakosKruegerVirchow2025, author = {Kostakos, Georgios and Kr{\"u}ger, Karsten and Virchow, Fabian}, title = {Policy Brief: Education for Responsible Democratic Citizenship. A European Vision. Submitted Version}, publisher = {DEMOCRAT}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.17777838}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-60287}, pages = {17}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Democracy is the cornerstone of European identity, which is complementary to national identities. In view of the challenges democracy is currently facing, at both European and national level, such as growing polarisation, increasing threats to human security and expanding digitalisation, it is important to defend and consolidate it, as a sine-qua-non element of "the European way of life". Education for responsible democratic citizenship (RDC) or education for democracy (EfD) for short is a way of doing so. EfD strategies and tools to strengthen the democratic agency/capacity for action of citizens, the youth in particular, through transformative learning, has been the focus of the DEMOCRAT project (March 2023 to February 2026). This Policy Brief was initially drafted after the seven first months of the DEMOCRAT project but is now being finalised with the experience of two-and-a-half years of project implementation in mind. Key findings and proposed policy actions presented here include: · To safeguard democracy within the European Union, transformative education for democracy must be reinforced, also taking into account fast-moving digitalisation and fast-breached planetary boundaries. · The shift to transformative education for democracy should be based on a coherent competence framework defined in complementarity with the frameworks of citizenship competences proposed by the EU (Key Competences for Lifelong Learning) and the Council of Europe (Competences for Democratic Culture). The four key RDC competences identified by DEMOCRAT are: Solidary Participation, Deliberation, Judgement, and Democratic Resilience. · The above competence framework should be translated by EU member states and schools in different parts of Europe into a sample curriculum for responsible democratic citizenship adjusted to their education systems and societies. · Schools have to be laboratories of democratic practice on a daily basis and across subjects, not just for a few hours of civic education or education for democracy per week, and need to connect with a conducive local, regional, national, European, global and digital environment. · Students need to be aware of both their rights and responsibilities, and be guided to act on both, within their peer groups and in relation to their teachers, parents, local authorities and other relevant stakeholders. A crucial aspect of any approach to education for democracy is the competence of the teacher to create an environment in which the students can learn democracy in action and not just in words}, subject = {Demokratische Bildung}, language = {en} } @techreport{SchmidVirchowWinteretal.2026, author = {Schmid, Andreas and Virchow, Fabian and Winter, Jana and Bittner, Jennifer}, title = {Mediator Training: 3rd German Pilot Intervention Assessment Report}, publisher = {DEMOCRAT}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.18383656}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-60295}, pages = {13}, year = {2026}, abstract = {The DEMOCRAT Project's work packages are built on each other. This evaluation report is the penultimate stage of the complex Education for democracy (EfD) process designed, tested, evaluated and shared for exploitation by the consortium. DEMOCRAT has outlined a European curriculum for EFD, based on a shared understanding of what democracy means, as well as a competence framework for responsible democratic citizenship (RDC). The curriculum has been piloted in a series of interventions in primary and secondary schools in the six EU member states in which DEMOCRAT has operated: Estonia, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Poland and Spain. In some countries, the testing stage also included interventions in teacher training at higher education institutes. The national activities were designed on the basis of the DEMOCRAT competence framework (included in D2.1), taking into account preliminary national reports on education inequalities and the state of the art in EfD (D3.1) in the six participating countries. The national and local work that is evaluated in the present deliverable is also based on DEMOCRAT deliverable D5.1. (Design of local pilot projects (LPPs)), as well as on subsequently developed tools (see Annexed Guides) and includes the self-assessment of the pilot participants. A final elaboration of the national pilot interventions will be done when they are compiled into the DEMOCRAT Toolbox (D6.1., under preparation). The results of the assessment of the national intervention were presented in the deliverable D5.2 and the results of the comparison of the intervention in the deliverable D5.3). It is worth noting that the various pilots/interventions, because of their limited scale and duration, are not considered as providing strictly scientific evidence about the efficiency and effectiveness of the learning approaches used in terms of RDC competence development. For the DEMOCRAT Project, the primary objective was to test and further develop the competence framework and the assessment tools, as well as to obtain insights of possible success and hindering factors for novel approaches in Education for Democracy. Pilots show that the school heads and teachers have a crucial role in education for democracy and that they can contribute significantly, as agents of research and development, as well as implementation. Here we present the results of the assessment of the German pilot interventions: Mediator Training.}, subject = {Demokratische Bildung}, language = {en} } @article{MarcinkowskideHaasKohler2025, author = {Marcinkowski, Frank and de Haas, Hella and Kohler, Sarah}, title = {Flight or fight? - How the coronavirus pandemic has affected scientists' willingness to engage with the public}, series = {Humanities and Social Sciences Communications}, volume = {12}, journal = {Humanities and Social Sciences Communications}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, issn = {2662-9992}, doi = {10.1057/s41599-025-05023-3}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-60444}, pages = {11}, year = {2025}, abstract = {During the coronavirus pandemic, scientists who worked to overcome the outbreak received recognition, but also opposition and even hostility. This article examines how the experience of the pandemic has affected the willingness of scientists to engage with the public. Derived from a comprehensive survey of 4207 scientists at German universities and research institutions, animosity towards scientists during the pandemic has created a sense of insecurity that may cause them to withdraw from the public eye. Depending on the relative strength of two cognitive appraisals, the severity of the threat and the appropriateness of the retreat option, the likelihood of respondents engaging with the public varies significantly.}, subject = {COVID-19-Pandemie}, language = {en} } @article{MandalMannaBiswasetal.2026, author = {Mandal, Dipak Kumar and Manna, Nirmal K. and Biswas, Nirmalendu and Rudra, Tansu and Kumar, Rajesh and Benim, Ali Cemal}, title = {Enhanced heat transport in magneto-nanofluidic thermal systems: adiabatic block effects in grooved channels and ANN modeling}, series = {International Journal of Thermofluids}, volume = {31}, journal = {International Journal of Thermofluids}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {2666-2027}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101515}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-60127}, year = {2026}, abstract = {This study investigates heat transfer enhancement in magneto-nanofluidic systems through the strategic placement of adiabatic blocks in grooved channels. Using CuO-H2O nanofluid in a bottom-heated channel with circular expansion, we examine the complex interactions between forced convection, magnetic fields, and uoyancy effects. Through systematic numerical analysis, we explore the combined influences of Rayleigh, Reynolds, and Hartmann numbers on thermal performance. Our findings reveal significant heat transfer enhancement (up to 137 \%) under optimal conditions, particularly with vertical magnetic field orientation at Re = 100 and Ha = 30. The results demonstrate how adiabatic blocks modify flow structures, with larger blocks diminishing vortex intensity while elevated Ra generates secondary vortices that interact with primary circulations. Magnetic field effects show notable dependence on orientation, with vertical fields generally promoting better heat transfer than horizontal configurations. To complement the numerical analysis, we develop a predictive model using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for Nusselt numbers across various operating conditions, achieving over 99 \% accuracy. The integrated computational-ANN approach offers significant advancements in optimizing thermal systems in various areas, ranging from electronics cooling to microfluidic devices.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{TriebusDruzeticVogelGeiger2025, author = {Triebus, Charlotte and Druzetic-Vogel, Ivana and Geiger, Christian}, title = {Precious Camouflage - Artistic Research for the Creation of a Dance Piece with Humans and AI}, series = {Proceedings of the Conference on Animation and Interactive Art}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Animation and Interactive Art}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, isbn = {979-8-4007-1532-7}, doi = {10.1145/3749893.3749964}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-60099}, pages = {188 -- 198}, year = {2025}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GeigerAliDilchert2025, author = {Geiger, Christian and Ali, Soren and Dilchert, Philipp}, title = {The BildKlangPoet - a Framework for Designing Mixed Reality Painting Experiences Using Generative AI}, series = {Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Culture and Computer Science: Remixing Analog and Digital (KUI '25), September 25, 26, 2025, Berlin, Germany}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Culture and Computer Science: Remixing Analog and Digital (KUI '25), September 25, 26, 2025, Berlin, Germany}, editor = {Olivero, Lucas Fabian and Stark, Maja and Sch{\"u}rrer, Dagmar and Israel, Johann Habakuk}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, isbn = {979-8-4007-1478-8/2025/09}, doi = {10.1145/3769526.3769653}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-60086}, pages = {1 -- 4}, year = {2025}, language = {en} } @article{CarstenMonikaJoergetal.2018, author = {Carsten, St{\"o}hr and Monika, Janssen and J{\"o}rg, Niemann and Benedikt, Reich}, title = {Smart Services}, series = {Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences}, volume = {238}, journal = {Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences}, edition = {SIM 2017 / 14th International Symposium in Managemen}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {1877-0428}, doi = {10.1016/j.sbspro.2018.03.023}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-59819}, pages = {192 -- 198}, year = {2018}, language = {en} } @article{ShajahanBenim2026, author = {Shajahan, Mohamed Iqbal and Benim, Ali Cemal}, title = {Granular PCM based heat sink for electronics thermal management}, series = {Applied Thermal Engineering}, volume = {286}, journal = {Applied Thermal Engineering}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {1359-4311}, doi = {10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.129336}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-59649}, year = {2026}, abstract = {This study investigates aluminum heat sinks integrated with GR42 phase change material (PCM), aiming to enhance thermal inertia and stabilize device temperatures. This is important, since the increasing miniaturization and performance demands for electronic devices have led in a growing need for advanced thermal management systems capable of handling rapid transient loads. The novelty of the work lies in examining different heat sink layouts that optimize the heat dissipation capabilities of GR42 PCMs while minimizing size and weight for electronic cooling. The experimental testing was conducted using three configurations, namely no fin, circular fin and hexagonal fin, with three input powers (4 W, 8 W, and 12 W). The experimental results show that the hexagonal-fin heat sink, surface area is 25 \% more than circular fins, exhibited superior thermal performance without significant variation in input power. Notably, the hexagonal-fin heat sink achieved the desired set point temperature of 55 ◦C in 33 \% less time than the circular-fin design and 45 \% less time than the heat sink without fins. Furthermore, the peak temperatures increased up to 21 \% for circular fins. During the charging cycles, the enhancement ratios vary from 72 \% and begin to narrow to 25 \% during discharge cycles. The hexagonal-fin configuration also exhibited superior melting dynamics, completing the phase transition 44 \% faster at higher input power than the circular fins, and established a thermal deviation of nearly 51 \% less than finless heat sinks. These findings underscore the critical role of fin geometry and PCM integration in achieving uniform temperature distribution and improved energy storage efficiency. Overall, the hexagonal-fin heat sink with GR42 PCM shows strong potential as a passive cooling solution for low-power portable electronic devices.}, language = {en} } @article{BrinkmannAspoeckAckermannetal.2019, author = {Brinkmann, Fabian and Asp{\"o}ck, Lukas and Ackermann, David and Lepa, Steffen and Vorl{\"a}nder, Michael and Weinzierl, Stefan}, title = {A Round Robin on Room Acoustical Simulation and Auralization}, series = {Journal of the Acoustical Society of America}, volume = {145}, journal = {Journal of the Acoustical Society of America}, number = {4}, publisher = {Acoustical Society of America}, issn = {0001-4966}, doi = {10.1121/1.5096178}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-59034}, pages = {2746 -- 2760}, year = {2019}, abstract = {A round robin was conducted to evaluate the state of the art of room acoustic modeling software both in the physical and perceptual realms. The test was based on six acoustic scenes highlighting specific acoustic phenomena and for three complex, "real-world" spatial environments. The results demonstrate that most present simulation algorithms generate obvious model errors once the assumptions of geometrical acoustics are no longer met. As a consequence, they are neither able to provide a reliable pattern of early reflections nor do they provide a reliable prediction of room acoustic parameters outside a medium frequency range. In the perceptual domain, the algorithms under test could generate mostly plausible but not authentic auralizations, i.e., the difference between simulated and measured impulse responses of the same scene was always clearly audible. Most relevant for this perceptual difference are deviations in tone color and source position between measurement and simulation, which to a large extent can be traced back to the simplified use of random incidence absorption and scattering coefficients and shortcomings in the simulation of early reflections due to the missing or insufficient modeling of diffraction.}, language = {en} } @article{AckermannBrinkmannZotteretal.2021, author = {Ackermann, David and Brinkmann, Fabian and Zotter, Franz and Kob, Malte and Weinzierl, Stefan}, title = {Comparative Evaluation of Interpolation Methods for the Directivity of Musical Instruments}, series = {EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing}, volume = {2021}, journal = {EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, issn = {1687-4722}, doi = {10.1186/s13636-021-00223-6}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-58992}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Measurements of the directivity of acoustic sound sources must be interpolated in almost all cases, either for spatial upsampling to higher resolution representations of the data, for spatial resampling to another sampling grid, or for use in simulations of sound propagation. The performance of different interpolation techniques applied to sparsely sampled directivity measurements depends on the sampling grid used but also on the radiation pattern of the sources themselves. Therefore, we evaluated three established approaches for interpolation from a low-resolution sampling grid using high-resolution measurements of a representative sample of musical instruments as a reference. The smallest global error on average occurs for thin plate pseudo-spline interpolation. For interpolation based on spherical harmonics (SH) decomposition, the SH order and the spatial sampling scheme applied have a strong and difficult to predict influence on the quality of the interpolation. The piece-wise linear, spherical triangular interpolation provides almost as good results as the first-order spline approach, albeit with on average 20 times higher computational effort. Therefore, for spatial interpolation of sparsely sampled directivity measurements of musical instruments, the thin plate pseudo-spline method applied to absolute-valued data is recommended and, if necessary, a subsequent modeling of the phase}, language = {en} } @article{AckermannBoehmBrinkmannetal.2019, author = {Ackermann, David and B{\"o}hm, Christoph and Brinkmann, Fabian and Weinzierl, Stefan}, title = {The Acoustical Effect of Musicians' Movements During Musical Performances}, series = {Acta Acustica united with Acustica}, volume = {105}, journal = {Acta Acustica united with Acustica}, number = {2}, publisher = {Hirzel}, issn = {1861-9959}, doi = {10.3813/AAA.919319}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-59024}, pages = {356 -- 367}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Acoustic musical instruments act as dynamic sound sources communicating the expressive intentions of a performer to the audience in a dedicated spatial environment. From an acoustical point of view, the directivity of musical instruments is relevant both for the loudness and timbre of an instrument at a certain position in the audience, as well as for the spatial characteristics of the generated sound field. Musical instruments, however, are dynamic sound sources always moved by musicians as an element of their performance on stage. This work aims at assessing the acoustical effect and the perceptual relevance of these movements. For this purpose, we have recorded solo musical performances with all standard orchestral instruments with an optical motion tracking system, as well as the corresponding audio signals. The effect of the movements was evaluated by analysing the spectral fluctuation and the time-dependence of room acoustical parameters in a virtual acoustic environment in anechoic and reverberant conditions. In a subsequent listening test, an auralization of the static and dynamic musical performance was presented to listeners by binaural synthesis, showing that the signal-related fluctuations are clearly audible both in anechoic and reverberant situations. We discuss different approaches how to consider these effects for the simulation of natural acoustic sources in virtual acoustic reality.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Jendreiko2025, author = {Jendreiko, Christian}, title = {The Simple Generative Logic Grammar: A tool for teaching logical thinking through visual research in art and design}, series = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings: Joint Proceedings of the Workshops and Doctoral Consortium of the 41st International Conference on Logic Programming, September 9-13, 2025, Rende, Italy}, volume = {4117}, booktitle = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings: Joint Proceedings of the Workshops and Doctoral Consortium of the 41st International Conference on Logic Programming, September 9-13, 2025, Rende, Italy}, editor = {Azzolini, Damiano and Batsakis, Sotirios and Borroto Santana, Manuel Alejandro and Bruno, Pierangela and Cecchi, Laura A. and Fandinno, Jorge and Hecher, Markus and Maratea, Marco and Morales, Jos{\´e} F. and Mu{\~n}iz, Brais and Papadakis, Emmanuel and Robaldo, Livio and Serafini, Luciano and Lo Scudo, Fbrizio and Tachmazidis, Ilias and Tarzariol, Alice and Vallati, Mauro and Wyner, Adam}, publisher = {RWTH Aachen}, issn = {1613-0073}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-59231}, pages = {11}, year = {2025}, abstract = {The Simple Generative Logic Grammar (SGLG) is a newly developed, very simply structured type of logic grammar designed for generating structured visual compositions. This paper examines its key features and explores its potential to play a central role in the educational framework Exploring Generative Logic (EGL) that I am currently developing. [1] At the heart of EGL is the idea of using the artistic creation of images composed of discrete elements to introduce students particularly in art and design to fundamental concepts in logic programming, formal grammars, and database systems in an accessible way.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Ackermann2024, author = {Ackermann, David}, title = {Dynamic Sound Sources for Virtual Acoustic Reality: Description, Implementation and Evaluation}, publisher = {TU Berlin}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {10.14279/depositonce-19949}, school = {Hochschule D{\"u}sseldorf}, year = {2024}, abstract = {terns, especially those presented by natural sources such as musical instruments or human voices, is crucial. While static sound sources, such as loudspeakers, have a relatively consistent acoustic footprint, dynamic sources present a multi-faceted set of challenges. Musical instruments, for example, have dynamic radiation patterns. The directivity of these instruments changes not only with frequency, but also with the specific note being played, and with the performer's gestures. These dynamic effects of directivity influences both the perceived loudness and the timbre at a given location within the audience and shapes the spatial characteristics of the sound field produced. This modulation is crucial when recreating authentic acoustic environments, whether in a virtual environment or in real-world architectural designs. Essentially, for an acoustic simulation to be considered accurate, it must capture these nuances. The intricate interplay of directivity, pitch and motion significantly shapes the listening experience and requires deeper integration of these elements into future simulations and designs.}, subject = {Musikalische Akustik}, language = {en} } @article{AckermannBrinkmannWeinzierl2024, author = {Ackermann, David and Brinkmann, Fabian and Weinzierl, Stefan}, title = {Musical instruments as dynamic sound sources}, series = {Journal of the Acoustical Society of America}, volume = {155}, journal = {Journal of the Acoustical Society of America}, publisher = {Acoustical Society of America}, issn = {1520‑8524}, doi = {10.1121/10.0025463}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-58972}, pages = {2302 -- 2313}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Unlike electro-acoustic sound sources, musical instruments have a time-varying, dynamic directivity, due to the note-dependent radiation behavior of the instrument and due to the expressive movements that musicians perform with their instrument. While previous studies have generally examined the directivity of the static, unmoved instrument for specific notes played, we show the individual and combined contributions of these two factors to a temporal modulation of the radiation behavior, based on motion tracking of typical movement patterns for all instruments of a classical symphony orchestra and on the directivity measured for all partials over the entire pitch range of these instruments. The effect of this modulation, which is manifested by changes in timbre and room acoustic excitation, was determined by spectral variations in the free field and under reverberant conditions, as well as by a modulation of room acoustic parameters. Our results show that these effects are well above the just noticeable differences for all musical instruments and all perceptual variables considered. While the effect of motion dominates for brass instruments, string and woodwind instruments exhibit large note-related differences, which should be taken into account in virtual acoustic realities if an auditory liveliness comparable to physical reality is to be achieved.}, language = {en} } @article{WeinzierlLepaAckermann2018, author = {Weinzierl, Stefan and Lepa, Steffen and Ackermann, David}, title = {A measuring instrument for the auditory perception of rooms: The Room Acoustical Quality Inventory (RAQI)}, series = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America}, volume = {144}, journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America}, number = {3}, publisher = {Acoustical Society of America}, issn = {0001-4966}, doi = {10.1121/1.5051453}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-58954}, pages = {1245 -- 1257}, year = {2018}, abstract = {With the Room Acoustical Quality Inventory (RAQI), a measuring instrument for the perceptual space of performance venues for music and speech has been developed. First, a focus group with room acoustical experts determined relevant aspects of room acoustical impression in the form of a comprehensive list of 50 uni- and bipolar items in different categories. Then, n = 190 subjects rated their acoustical impression of 35 binaurally simulated rooms from 2 listening positions, with symphonic orchestra, solo trumpet, and dramatic speech as audio content. Subsequent explorative and confirmative factor analyses of the questionnaire data resulted in three possible solutions with four, six, and nine factors of room acoustical impression. The factor solutions, as well as the related RAQI items, were tested in terms of reliability, validity, and several types of measurement invariance, and were cross-validated by a follow-up experiment with a subsample of 46\% of the original participants, which provided re-test reliabilities and stability coefficients for all RAQI constructs. The resulting psychometrically evaluated measurement instrument can be used for room quality assessment, acoustical planning, and the further development of room acoustical parameters in order to predict primary acoustical qualities of venues for music and speech.}, language = {en} } @article{AckermannBrinkmannWeinzierl2024, author = {Ackermann, David and Brinkmann, Fabian and Weinzierl, Stefan}, title = {A Database with Directivities of Musical Instruments}, series = {Journal of the Audio Engineering Society}, volume = {72}, journal = {Journal of the Audio Engineering Society}, number = {3}, publisher = {Audio Engineering Society}, issn = {1549-4950}, doi = {10.17743/jaes.2022.0128}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-58923}, pages = {170 -- 179}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @article{MuellerKoehlerHenningetal.2025, author = {M{\"u}ller, Romina and K{\"o}hler, Denis and Henning, Julia and Josupeit, Jan and Neher, Frederic and Hagen, Susanne}, title = {Well-Being, Quality of Life, and Personality in German Heart Transplant Patients}, series = {Open Journal of Medical Psychology}, volume = {14}, journal = {Open Journal of Medical Psychology}, number = {4}, issn = {2165-9389}, doi = {10.4236/ojmp.2025.144016}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-57415}, pages = {286 -- 297}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Background: Heart transplantation constitutes not only a profound physiological impact but also imposes immense psychological strain, necessitating a deeper comprehension and optimal promotion of subjective well-being. Objective: Quantitative data collection of relationships between the subjective well-being of heart transplant patients and selected influencing factors was investigated. Material and Methods: In a random sample of 97 heart transplant patients, quality of life was measured with the MLDL, subjective well-being with the HSWBS, social support with the SUCE-4, social activities, personality traits with the BFI-10 and the UGTS, as well as disease management according to the EFK, and physical complaints with the ERSD-SC TM were determined using an online survey. Results: In addition to physical well-being, social life, personality traits, the type of disease (chronic or spontaneous), and functional capacity have a significant impact on subjective well-being. Conclusion: In addition to physical well-being, psychosocial monitoring should also be established in transplantation medicine, and the long-term involvement of psychotherapists, psychiatrists, and social workers should be considered. After a heart transplantation, caring for the mind is just as essential as caring for the body, as subjective well-being is a product of the reciprocal influences of physical and psychological states.}, subject = {Herztransplantation}, language = {en} } @article{HimmeleinvonBergPoerschmannetal.2025, author = {Himmelein, Hendrik and von Berg, Markus and P{\"o}rschmann, Christoph and Steffens, Jochen}, title = {Influence of mental effort on sound evaluations in virtual and real experimental environments}, series = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality}, volume = {6}, journal = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality}, publisher = {Frontiers Media SA}, issn = {2673-4192}, doi = {10.3389/frvir.2025.1672595}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-57985}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Psychoacoustic research increasingly relies on virtual reality (VR) to account for the complexity of acoustic scenarios and enhance the ecological validity of laboratory findings. However, recent studies suggest that virtual environments can alter mental effort compared to real-world settings, for example, through increased perceptual complexity which in turn may affect auditory perception.This could bias experimental outcomes and compromise the ecological validity of studies conducted in VR. To investigate this, a 2 × 2 between-subjects experiment was conducted to assess whether VR environments increase mental effort and thereby influence auditory perception. A real office environment was visually reconstructed in Unity and presented to the participants via a head-mounted display (HMD) and compared to its real counterpart. Participants in both environments were asked to retrospectively rate the loudness and unpleasantness of dynamically rendered binaural office noise scenarios presented via headphones and to report perceived sound sources. Moreover, participants were divided into two groups to induce different levels of mental effort. One group was asked to listen only to the sounds, while the other performed the Stroop Color-Word interference test in parallel. The results show no significant difference in the overall induced mental effort between environment conditions. Furthermore, performing the Stroop test had an effect on loudness and unpleasantness that was mediated by subjective effort. The results also suggest that auditory jugment depend primarily on individual sound properties, regardless of the visual environment.}, subject = {Psychoakustik}, language = {en} } @article{YuwonoSchwungSchwung2025, author = {Yuwono, Steve and Schwung, Dorothea and Schwung, Andreas}, title = {Automated leaders and followers selection in Stackelberg games for modular manufacturing systems}, series = {Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing}, journal = {Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, issn = {0956-5515}, doi = {10.1007/s10845-025-02650-0}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-57990}, year = {2025}, abstract = {We propose an automated data-driven mechanism to evaluate each actuator's influence on modular manufacturing system objectives. This mechanism enables automated leader and follower selection in Stackelberg games, which have gained traction in engineering. While leaders typically hold greater priority or influence, systematic methods for assigning leaders and followers remain limited, especially in large-scale applications. As a result, many rely on empirical analysis to assign leaders and followers, without confirming if the selected setup is optimal. Therefore, in this paper, we develop an automated mechanism to evaluate the influence of each player on the global objectives of modular manufacturing systems, applicable to both single- and multi-objective scenarios. We validate the proposed approach within an industrial control scenario, using a modular Bulk Good System and its larger-scale arrangement with sequential and serial-parallel processes. We focus on three objectives, including production flow disruption prevention, power consumption reduction, and production demand fulfilment. Finally, we implement a self-learning algorithm utilizing Modular State-based Stackelberg Games, where leaders and followers are selected using our approach, which leads to encouraging results.}, subject = {Industrie 4.0}, language = {en} } @article{NeuhausRingfortFelnerFeitschetal.2025, author = {Neuhaus, Robin and Ringfort-Felner, Ronda and Feitsch, Jochen and Kempken, Gabriel and Dakhane, Sarvesh and Hassenzahl, Marc}, title = {"Virtual Unreality": Unreal Augmentation of Perception and Action Must Fit the Task to Be Beneficial}, series = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality}, journal = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality}, publisher = {Frontiers}, issn = {2673-4192}, doi = {10.3389/frvir.2025.1658463}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-58057}, pages = {12}, year = {2025}, abstract = {"Unreal" augmentations of perception and action (e.g., looking through walls, flying) represent a distinctive design opportunity in Virtual Reality (VR), allowing users to transcend real-world limitations. Yet the conditions under which such augmentations yield positive experience remain unclear. In this study, we tested whether the experience of being augmented depends on compatibility with the given task. In a between-subject experimental vignette study (N=120 experienced VR users), participants watched first-person videos in one of three conditions: (1) reality-oriented object manipulation (control), (2) task-compatible augmentation (growing/shrinking), or (3) non-task-compatible augmentation (distant grasping). As expected, the augmentation-oriented design only led to a greater sense of augmentation when it was compatible with the task. In turn, the experience of augmentation was positively related to positive affect, need fulfillment, and hedonic quality. These findings suggest that unreal augmentations are beneficial, but only when the new abilities match the task.}, subject = {Virtuelle Realit{\"a}t}, language = {en} } @article{OcakciNiemannDraghici2025, author = {Ocakci, Elif and Niemann, J{\"o}rg and Draghici, George}, title = {A Method to Evaluate the Life Cycle Sustainability Value of Alternative Solution Designs}, series = {Acta Technica Napocensis; Series: Applied Mathematics, Mechanics and Engineering}, volume = {68}, journal = {Acta Technica Napocensis; Series: Applied Mathematics, Mechanics and Engineering}, number = {1S}, publisher = {Technical University of Cluj-Napoca}, issn = {2393-2988}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-58290}, pages = {277 -- 284}, year = {2025}, abstract = {The paper focuses on developing an integrative methodology to evaluate environmental, economic, and social sustainability of alternative solution design options. Core approach is to extend the classic method of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) towards a holistic integrated model to overall evaluate the different aspects of all three pillars of sustainability (economy, ecology and social) across the product life cycle. The methods identify key aspects and allow users to consider and weigh different life cycle aspects in a overall scoring scheme.}, subject = {Nachhaltigkeit}, language = {en} } @article{MackJanduraMaurer2025, author = {Mack, Matthias and Jandura, Olaf and Maurer, Marcus}, title = {The effects of constructive journalism: Towards a theoretical framework}, series = {Journalism}, journal = {Journalism}, publisher = {SAGE Publications}, issn = {1464-8849}, doi = {10.1177/14648849251395798}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-58634}, pages = {1 -- 20}, year = {2025}, abstract = {News media coverage mainly focuses on problems and conflicts, resulting in unintended negative consequences for democracy and journalism itself. Constructive journalism aims to address these issues by emphasizing solution-oriented reporting. However, research on its effects remains inconsistent, mainly due to vague definitions of constructive journalism and a lack of theoretical foundation. This paper first proposes a content-centered definition of constructive journalism, suggesting three dimensions: balance, matter-of-factness, and focus on solutions. Using a series of established theories, we then present a theoretical framework that models the impacts of the content dimensions in a chain of effects from emotions to cognitive and conative variables. Our approach offers a systematic basis for future research by enabling experimental analysis of operationalizable and empirically separable content dimensions and by integrating research on constructive journalism into a variety of established media effect theories. Thus, we meet the demand for a stronger theoretical focus and aim to clarify constructive journalism's impact on audiences.}, subject = {Journalismus}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DeckertSoehnitz2025, author = {Deckert, Carsten and S{\"o}hnitz, Stefanie}, title = {Words Don't Come Easy to Me - Teaching Academic Writing to Engineering Students in the Age Of AI}, series = {SEFI 53rd Annual Conference (SEFI 2025), Tampere, Finland, 15-18 September 2025}, booktitle = {SEFI 53rd Annual Conference (SEFI 2025), Tampere, Finland, 15-18 September 2025}, editor = {Kangaslampi, R. and Langie, G. and J{\"a}rvinen, H.-M. and Nagy, B.}, publisher = {SEFI}, address = {Tampere}, isbn = {978-2-87352-029-8}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.17631223}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-58627}, year = {2025}, abstract = {The competence of academic writing is currently still a central requirement for obtaining an academic degree. However, in teaching academic writing, lecturers have to deal with the two challenges of decreasing reading competence in young people and increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) in reading and writing assignments. In engineering in particular, literacy understood as reading and writing competence is essential - whether for understanding complex tasks, analysing case studies or dealing with technical documents such as the product requirements document. Against this background, it is crucial to develop strategies and discuss modern approaches to specifically promote students' reading and writing skills and thus create an essential basis for successful scientific work and problem-solving. This workshop aims to stimulate an interactive exchange and develop practical solutions in the three core areas strengthening reading competence, developing academic writing skills, and substituting for reading and writing assessments.}, language = {en} } @article{NapetschnigDeitersBrixiusetal.2025, author = {Napetschnig, Alina and Deiters, Wolfgang and Brixius, Klara and Bertram, Michael and Vogel, Christoph}, title = {Development and Evaluation of an Immersive Virtual Reality Application for Road Crossing Training in Older Adults}, series = {Geriatrics}, volume = {10}, journal = {Geriatrics}, number = {4}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2308-3417}, doi = {10.3390/geriatrics10040099}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-57571}, pages = {19}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Background/Objectives: Aging is often accompanied by physical and cognitive decline, affecting older adults' mobility. Virtual reality (VR) offers innovative opportunities to safely practice everyday tasks, such as street crossing. This study was designed as a feasibility and pilot study to explore acceptance, usability, and preliminary effects of a VR-based road-crossing intervention for older adults. It investigates the use of virtual reality (VR) as an innovative training tool to support senior citizens in safely navigating everyday challenges such as crossing roads. By providing an immersive environment with realistic traffic scenarios, VR enables participants to practice in a safe and controlled setting, minimizing the risks associated with real-world road traffic. Methods: A VR training application called "Wegfest" was developed to facilitate targeted road-crossing practice. The application simulates various scenarios commonly encountered by older adults, such as crossing busy streets or waiting at traffic lights. The study applied a single-group pre-post design. Outcomes included the Timed Up and Go test (TUG), Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Results: The development process of "Wegfest" demonstrates how a highly realistic street environment can be created for VR-based road-crossing training. Significant improvements were found in the Timed Up and Go test (p = 0.002, d = 0.784) and fall-related self-efficacy (FES-I, p = 0.005). No change was observed in cognitive function (MoCA, p = 0.56). Participants reported increased subjective safety (p \< 0.001). Discussion: The development of the VR training application "Wegfest" highlights the feasibility of creating realistic virtual environments for skill development. By leveraging immersive technology, both physical and cognitive skills required for road-crossing can be effectively trained. The findings suggest that "Wegfest" has the potential to enhance the mobility and safety of older adults in road traffic through immersive experiences and targeted training interventions. Conclusions: As an innovative training tool, the VR application not only provides an engaging and enjoyable learning environment but also fosters self-confidence and independence among older adults in traffic settings. Regular training within the virtual world enables senior citizens to continuously refine their skills, ultimately improving their quality of life.}, subject = {Virtuelle Realit{\"a}t}, language = {en} } @misc{AymannDeGroodtKelleretal.2025, author = {Aymann, Lars and De Groodt, Luka and Keller, Laurenz and K{\"o}nemund, Robin and Lux, Tim and Poroshin, Gleb and Prgomet, Katarina and Urquilla Perez, Jose Andres and Y{\"o}n, Harun}, title = {Proceedings of the HSD Student Engineering Conferences | Issue 1: Selected Papers from the Courses 2024/2025}, editor = {Neef, Matthias and Zielke, Thomas and Spiegel, Thomas and S{\"o}hnitz, Stefanie}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, organization = {Hochschule D{\"u}sseldorf}, issn = {2700-1857}, doi = {10.20385/opus4-5714}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-57144}, pages = {68}, year = {2025}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{JanduraWeinmann2023, author = {Jandura, Olaf and Weinmann, Carina}, title = {Greater Confusion in the Voter Market in Germany: Differences Between Subjective and Value-Based Categorization on the Left-Right Axis}, series = {Jahrestagung der DGPuK-Fachgruppe Rezeptions- und Wirkungsforschung 2022: Tagungsband}, booktitle = {Jahrestagung der DGPuK-Fachgruppe Rezeptions- und Wirkungsforschung 2022: Tagungsband}, editor = {Ziegele, Marc and K{\"u}mpel, Anna Sophie and Dienlin, Tobias}, publisher = {SSOAR}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, doi = {10.21241/ssoar.96575}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-56419}, pages = {75 -- 92}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In den letzten Jahren war h{\"a}ufig von einem Rechtsruck in der Gesellschaft die Rede (O. Decker et al., 2016). Bev{\"o}lkerungsrepr{\"a}sentative Umfragedaten belegen diese These jedoch nicht. Weder die Allgemeine Bev{\"o}lkerungsumfrage der Sozialwissenschaften (ALLBUS) noch der European Social Survey zeigen f{\"u}r die letzten Jahrzehnte signifikante Ver{\"a}nderungen in der Selbstpositionierung der Befragten auf der Links-Rechts-Skala. Dies wirft die Frage auf, ob es sich bei dem behaupteten gesellschaftlichen Rechtsruck um ein soziologisches Wahrnehmungsph{\"a}nomen handelt, das durch die intensive {\"o}ffentliche Debatte verst{\"a}rkt wird, oder ob Zweifel an der Validit{\"a}t der politischen Selbstpositionierung auf der Links-Rechts-Skala angebracht sind. Der vorliegende Artikel befasst sich mit der letzteren Frage. Unsere Analysen ergaben, dass bei 31 \% der Befragten in unserer Stichprobe eine Divergenz zwischen der subjektiven Positionierung auf der Links-Rechts-Skala und einer wertbezogenen Positionierung besteht. Wir er{\"o}rtern, welche Variablen diese Divergenz erkl{\"a}ren k{\"o}nnen und welche Konsequenzen daraus f{\"u}r die kommunikationswissenschaftliche Forschung gezogen werden k{\"o}nnen.}, subject = {Politische Einstellung}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BoelterClaasDaehneetal.2025, author = {Boelter, Sarah and Claas, Oliver and D{\"a}hne, Judith and Heuer, Jan-Ocko and Kahlisch, Mareen and Koch, Katharina and Kr{\"u}ger, Frank and Lazarescu, Roxana and Lubahn, Antje and Reichwald, Julian and Reiter, Martin and Schilir{\`o}, Darina and Schimmer, Thomas M. and Schmidt, Diana and Schmitt, Kathrin and Schreiber, Felix and Schulz, D{\"o}rthe and Stiller, Gabriele and Werth, Robert and Ian, Wolff}, title = {The Role of Universities of Applied Sciences in the Development of a national Research Data Infrastructure}, series = {2nd Conference on Research Data Infrastructure (CoRDI)}, booktitle = {2nd Conference on Research Data Infrastructure (CoRDI)}, editor = {Sure-Vetter, York and Groth, Paul}, publisher = {Zenodo}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.16735971}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-56313}, pages = {4}, year = {2025}, abstract = {The presentation highlights the role of Universities of Applied Sciences (UAS) in research and their potential for the development of a National Research Data Infrastructure (NFDI). To address the growing need for structured research data management (RDM) at UASs, the FDM@HAW network has emerged as a potential connector between NFDI and UAS landscape. It aims to raise awareness of NFDI services across a diverse UAS network, and articulate UAS-specific requirements back to NFDI. In doing so, it strengthens mutual integration and fosters targeted support. With over 200 institutions [1], UASs constitute a significant part of the German science system. Traditionally focused on teaching, UASs have become drivers of applied research and regional innovation. Their contributions to education and research make them essential actors in shaping RDM in Germany. Research at UASs benefits business, science, and society. In many federal states, the right to award doctorates further reinforces their research activities. Strengthening RDM competencies is important to ensure that valuable research data from UAS meet the FAIR principles. Furthermore, employers benefit from graduates equipped with strong data literacy. Despite their potential, UASs remain underrepresented in the NFDI (and partly in the RDM community). Low participation in NFDI consortia and limited association membership indicate a broader lack of engagement, largely due to low awareness of NFDI among UAS researchers and administrations [2, p.42] [3, p.6]. The NFDI structure report 2024 addresses this gap and calls for broader contact to UASs [4, p.27]. Structural challenges limit UAS engagement in RDM and the NFDI, including high teaching loads, minor resources, and partnerships prioritizing data protection over openness or commercial interests. In response, many UASs have implemented strategic networking in research, teaching, and infrastructure to overcome resource limitations. This approach also drives the development of RDM structures, often via projects or state-level initiatives. The Federal Ministry of Education and Research supports 14 projects [5] through its funding guideline for RDM at UASs. This initiative led to the establishment of the FDM@HAW network in 2023, connecting these projects. Since its formation, the network has engaged in continuous exchange on RDM development and contributed to events such as Love Data Week, the FORTRAMA conference [6], Volkswagen Foundation's Digital Skills in Science Week [7] and E-Science-Tage [8]. These activities have helped sharpen the network's focus, identify shared priorities and integrate new members. Members contribute ideas, tools and services developed in RDM projects or collaborations - such as the "NFDI Survival Kit" [9] and the "NFDI-N(HAW)igator" [10] - to promote RDM awareness and inform about NFDI on a national scale. In line with NFDI's mission to "improv[e] the possibilities for using data for science and society" [11], FDM@HAW seeks to disseminate knowledge of and strengthen competence in delving into these possibilities. The network provides valuable support to activate a target group that has largely been untapped. Close cooperation between NFDI and FDM@HAW will then contribute to the successful development of a nationwide RDM ecosystem. In the presentation, proposals for cooperation will be outlined. (The references [1]-[11] are given in the PDF abstract according to the template).}, subject = {Nationale Forschungsdateninfrastruktur (NFDI) e.V.}, language = {en} } @article{MandalGuptaBiswasetal.2025, author = {Mandal, Dipak Kumar and Gupta, Kritesh Kumar and Biswas, Nirmalendu and Manna, Nirmal K. and Santra, Somnath and Benim, Ali Cemal}, title = {Optimization of hybrid solar chimney power plants (HSCPPs): A review of multi-objective approaches}, series = {Applied Energy}, volume = {396}, journal = {Applied Energy}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {0306-2619}, doi = {10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126214}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-54199}, pages = {25}, year = {2025}, subject = {Erneuerbare Energien}, language = {en} } @article{BerkantOezelDurmazNurOezetal.2025, author = {Berkant {\"O}zel, Mehmet and Durmaz, Ufuk and Nur {\"O}z, Muhammed Ali and {\"U}mit Tepe, Ahmet and {\"O}z, Cemil and Uysal, {\"U}nal and Yal{\c{c}}inkaya, Orhan and Cemal Beni̇m, Ali and Alomayrah, Norah and Al-Buriahi, M.S.}, title = {Enhanced prediction of heat transfer in jet impingement cooling using an artificial intelligence: A case study}, series = {Case Studies in Thermal Engineering}, volume = {73}, journal = {Case Studies in Thermal Engineering}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {2214-157X}, doi = {10.1016/j.csite.2025.106605}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-55017}, pages = {11}, year = {2025}, abstract = {This paper is about the gas turbine cooling model using the extended jet array. The aim of the present study is to explain the effect of the impinging jet configuration of elongated jet holes on the heat transfer distribution with a deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). CNNs preserve spatial relationships through convolutional operations—unlike traditional Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), which require flattening of input data—allowing for higher accuracy with smaller datasets and faster training due to fewer trainable parameters. The goal is to understand how accurate and fast deep learning models with limited data can deliver predictions for complex systems such as jet impingement cooling. The proposed CNN model was compared with the numerical and experimental data. Jet impingement cooling was examined with four different Reynolds numbers (16250, 21700, 27100, 36250) and six dimensionless gaps between the jet and the target surface (G/D = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6). Mean and local Nusselt number (Nu) distributions were investigated in particular. G/D = 2 was selected as the test data for the model among the configurations. While the CFD model failed to identify this peak performance point, the CNN model accurately captured this maximum behavior despite being trained only on other configurations. Moreover, the CNN model demonstrated more suitable prediction accuracy in the first two jet impingement regions than the CFD data, especially in capturing peak Nusselt numbers and localized hot spots. It has been determined that the CNN model provided more accurate predictions of the local Nusselt numbers within the measurement region compared to the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study for the average Nu, the proposed CNN model showed a closer agreement to experimental data than numerical simulation by 4.15 \% at the Re = 32500 and G/D = 2.}, subject = {Maschinelles Lernen}, language = {en} } @misc{OPUS4-5508, title = {Computation Special Issue Reprint: Computational Methods in Wind Engineering}, editor = {Benim, Ali Cemal}, edition = {2. Aufl.}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel, Beijing, Wuhan, Barcelona, Belgrade, Novi Sad, Cluj, Manchester}, isbn = {978-3-7258-3850-9}, issn = {2079-3197}, doi = {10.3390/books978-3-7258-3850-9}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-55089}, pages = {216}, year = {2025}, abstract = {In wind engineering, in parallel to all other engineering disciplines, the impact of computational methods is rapidly increasing. As far as computational aspects are concerned, wind engineering embodies a series of specific challenges, including the availability of suitable validation data, the definition of boundaries and boundary conditions, scale disparities, and fluid-structure interaction. The present Special Issue shows recent advances in the development and application of computational methods in wind engineering.}, subject = {Wind}, language = {en} } @unpublished{YuwonoRanaSchwungetal.2025, author = {Yuwono, Steve and Rana, Muhammad Uzair and Schwung, Dorothea and Schwung, Andreas}, title = {Real Time Self-Tuning Adaptive Controllers on Temperature Control Loops using Event-based Game Theory}, series = {arXiv}, journal = {arXiv}, edition = {v1}, address = {arXiv}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2506.13164}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-55462}, pages = {11}, year = {2025}, abstract = {This paper presents a novel method for enhancing the adaptability of Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers in industrial systems using event-based dynamic game theory, which enables the PID controllers to self-learn, optimize, and fine-tune themselves. In contrast to conventional self-learning approaches, our proposed framework offers an event-driven control strategy and game-theoretic learning algorithms. The players collaborate with the PID controllers to dynamically adjust their gains in response to set point changes and disturbances. We provide a theoretical analysis showing sound convergence guarantees for the game given suitable stability ranges of the PID controlled loop. We further introduce an automatic boundary detection mechanism, which helps the players to find an optimal initialization of action spaces and significantly reduces the exploration time. The efficacy of this novel methodology is validated through its implementation in the temperature control loop of a printing press machine. Eventually, the outcomes of the proposed intelligent self-tuning PID controllers are highly promising, particularly in terms of reducing overshoot and settling time.}, subject = {Intelligente Fertigung}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KretschmarNiemann2024, author = {Kretschmar, Dominik and Niemann, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Meta-Analysis of Sustainability Management in Complex Development Environments: By Integrating Requirements into Systems Engineering Approaches}, series = {Proceedings of the Review of Management and Economic Engineering 9th International Management Conference "Rethinking Management in Adaptive Environments", Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 1echnical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania,19 -21 September, 2024, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Review of Management and Economic Engineering 9th International Management Conference "Rethinking Management in Adaptive Environments", Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 1echnical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania,19 -21 September, 2024, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania}, publisher = {UTPRESS}, issn = {3061-3892}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.13890119}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-55374}, pages = {8}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Purpose - The complexity of developing product service systems continues to increase. At the same time, development cycles are becoming ever shorter and the requirements for safety, conformity and sustainability ever higher. In this article, a meta-analysis is carried out on the possibility of integrating sustainability aspects as requirements in a systems engineering approach and the differences are discussed. Methodology/approach - A systematic literature search of articles in ScienceDirect between 2016 and 2023 is carried out. The keywords are sustainability and system engineering incl. synonyms. In a further step, the papers are screened for their relevance to product service systems and the relevance for the purpose. Findings - To address sustainability in complex technical systems, a holistic, model-based approach is required to ensure that sustainability aspects are considered. By using frameworks and methods such as macPro² and SysLM, requirements and indicators for sustainability can be integrated into the development phase, whereas currently only the environmental dimension is usually considered via resource and energy indicators. Research limitations/implications - In order to achieve a complete picture, additional databases must be considered and research results from ongoing projects must be awaited.}, subject = {Systemtechnik}, language = {en} } @techreport{KruegerHallikKalevetal.2024, author = {Kr{\"u}ger, Karsten and Hallik, Maarja and Kalev, Leif and Kostakos, Georgios and Toscano, Beatriz and Virchow, Fabian}, title = {Conceptual Framework and Vision: Responsible Democratic Citizenship and Education for Democracy}, publisher = {Zenodo}, organization = {DEMOCRAT project on Education for Democracy, Horizon Europe}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.14526029}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-55386}, pages = {71}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The DEMOCRAT project aims to address society's democratic deficits by maximising opportunities for mutual positive reinforcement between education and democratic participation through transformative learning for young people. DEMOCRAT builds on the premise that education plays a fundamental role in the development of democratic societies by equipping citizens with the values, knowledge and skills necessary for active participation, critical thinking and informed decision-making. DEMOCRAT was conceived in response to the plethora of ongoing crises affecting Europe and the world. These crises test the effectiveness of democratic institutions and practices, as well as the resilience of individuals and societies. A review of civic education in Europe has shown that, despite the importance given to democratic education in public discourse, it is generally not considered a major topic for education itself. The project's core objective is to reinforce the sustainability and resilience of democracy in Europe by updating and strengthening Education for Democracy (EfD), through participatory redesign and implementation of context-specific curricula and learning methods in a framework of rapid digitalisation. The novelty of DEMOCRAT lies in the dual nature of its educational objectives: alongside exploring the conceptual or historical frameworks concerning the development of the signifier 'democracy', the project aims to operationalise it in various fields of social tension (inclusion, environmental awareness, gender issues) by encouraging civic behaviour, active participation and engagement, communication skills, critical thinking and problem solving through education for democracy. DEMOCRAT's action goes in three main directions that are the key aspects of its methodological approach: Firstly, a conceptual research concerned with definitions, concepts and historical debates on the basis of the values agreed by the EU and Agenda 2030, making sense of the structural challenges that threaten democracy. This preliminary conceptual effort identifies research gaps and includes an outline of a framework of competences for responsible democratic citizenship. It serves as a basis for the design of the practical aspect of the project, the pilot laboratories for the implementation of democracy education. Secondly, the so-called living labs where the community of education (schools, parents and students' associations, policy makers) is engaged in debate and the co-creation of transformative learning approaches in national and transnational settings. Adding to these activities the digital platform AGORA, it could become like a one-stop-shop for educational community in Europe to find inspiration. These living labs will also be outstanding sources for the evaluation of trends, continuous assessment as well as recommendations for best practices and policy making. Finally, and beyond the classroom environment, DEMOCRAT aims at intervening into the educational environment (schools, informal training) through the elaboration of a European Curriculum for EfD. This involves introducing dynamic and innovative didactic-practical units (methods, approaches or tools) into the existing curriculum or classroom practice in which students and educators actively participate in or prepare for real-world democratic processes and civic activities.}, subject = {Politische Bildung}, language = {en} } @article{YuwonoHussainSchwungetal.2025, author = {Yuwono, Steve and Hussain, Ahmar Kamal and Schwung, Dorothea and Schwung, Andreas}, title = {Self-optimization in distributed manufacturing systems using Modular State-based Stackelberg games}, series = {Journal of Manufacturing Systems}, volume = {80}, journal = {Journal of Manufacturing Systems}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {0278-6125}, doi = {10.1016/j.jmsy.2025.03.025}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-55471}, pages = {578 -- 594}, year = {2025}, abstract = {In this study, we introduce Modular State-based Stackelberg Games (Mod-SbSG), a novel game structure developed for distributed self-learning in modular manufacturing systems. Mod-SbSG enhances cooperative decision-making among self-learning agents within production systems by integrating State-based Potential Games (SbPG) with Stackelberg games. This hierarchical structure assigns more important modules of the manufacturing system a first-mover advantage, while less important modules respond optimally to the leaders' decisions. This decision-making process differs from typical multi-agent learning algorithms in manufacturing systems, where decisions are made simultaneously. We provide convergence guarantees for the novel game structure and design learning algorithms to account for the hierarchical game structure. We further analyse the effects of single-leader/multiple-follower and multiple-leader/multiple-follower scenarios within a Mod-SbSG. To assess its effectiveness, we implement and test Mod-SbSG in an industrial control setting using two laboratory-scale testbeds featuring sequential and serial parallel processes. The proposed approach delivers promising results compared to the vanilla SbPG, which reduces overflow by 97.1\%, and in some cases, prevents overflow entirely. Additionally, it decreases power consumption by 5\%-13\% while satisfying the production demand, which significantly improves potential (global objective) values.}, subject = {Intelligente Fertigung}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LippelBihlmeierStuhlsatz2025, author = {Lippel, Jens and Bihlmeier, Richard and Stuhlsatz, Andr{\´e}}, title = {A Computer Vision Approach to Fertilizer Detection and Classification}, series = {Proceedings of the 20th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 20th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications}, publisher = {SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications}, doi = {10.5220/0013189300003912}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-54735}, pages = {563 -- 569}, year = {2025}, subject = {Maschinelles Lernen}, language = {en} } @article{Kim2019, author = {Kim, Hyun Kang}, title = {Intensity, Manifestation, and Performance in the Politics of the Real}, series = {International Journal of Philosophy}, volume = {7}, journal = {International Journal of Philosophy}, number = {1}, publisher = {Science Publishing Group}, issn = {2330-7439}, doi = {10.11648/j.ijp.20190701.14}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-54465}, pages = {24 -- 30}, year = {2019}, abstract = {This study attempts to explain the concept of the real in terms of intensity, manifestation, and performance, and then outlines key aspects of the politics of the real. The politics of the real is based on an interruption of identification and an abrupt end of continuity, and intensity, manifestation, and performance are the modalities of the politics of the real. First, intensity is the principle of punctualization. It denotes an anti-dialectic and anti-systematic enterprise that aims to leave behind the paradigm of continuity. It acts as the counter-principle to overcome the Hegelian dialectic and historicism. It concerns the dimension before the formation of identity and thus functions as a categorical rejection of ontological identity. Consequently, it evolves into a figure of future politics, because it denies identity and instead affirms new inventions. Second, manifestation is a matter of politics, because politics shows itself as a matter of visibility and demonstration. Ultimately, politics is the fight over manifestation. Furthermore, manifestation is the modality of existence of the collective, since a new arising collective always manifests itself in the space of images. Finally, performance is an action concept and thus opposed to the static world-model. Hence, the world appears as the place for restructuring and reshaping. Performance renders reference and the classical notion of mimesis obsolete. It undermines the distinction between original and copy and instead affirms the permanent generating of new relations and nexuses. Hence, it is the generation of freedom. Ultimately, it acts as a disappearing intermediary between virtual intensity and actual manifestation. It is an anti-metaphysical concept of possibility that differs strictly from metaphysical possibility. Thus, intensity, manifestation, and performance each correspond to the virtual, actual, and possible of the real and thus are to be denoted as modalities of the politics of the real.}, subject = {Wirklichkeit}, language = {en} } @article{SzwarcRutzLeeetal.2025, author = {Szwarc, Sarah and Rutz, Adriano and Lee, Kyungha and Mejri, Yassine and Bonnet, Olivier and Hazni, Hazrina and Jagora, Adrien and Mbeng Obame, Rany B. and Noh, Jin Kyoung and Otogo N'Nang, Elvis and Alaribe, Stephenie C. and Awang, Khalijah and Bernadat, Guillaume and Choi, Young Hae and Courdavault, Vincent and Frederich, Michel and Gaslonde, Thomas and Huber, Florian and Kam, Toh-Seok and Low, Yun Yee and Poupon, Erwan and van der Hooft, Justin J. J. and Kang, Kyo Bin and Le Pogam, Pierre and Beniddir, Mehdi A.}, title = {Translating community-wide spectral library into actionable chemical knowledge: a proof of concept with monoterpene indole alkaloids}, series = {Journal of Cheminformatics}, volume = {17}, journal = {Journal of Cheminformatics}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, issn = {1758-2946}, doi = {10.1186/s13321-025-01009-0}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-54607}, pages = {15}, year = {2025}, abstract = {With over 3000 representatives, the monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) class is among the most diverse families of plant natural products. The MS/MS spectral space exploration of these complex compounds using chemoinformatic and computational mass spectrometry tools offers a valuable opportunity to extract and share chemical insights from this emblematic family of natural products (NPs). In this work, we first present a substantially updated version of the MIADB, a database now containing 422 MS/MS spectra of MIAs that has been uploaded to the GNPS library versus 172 initial entries. We then introduce an innovative workflow that leverages hundreds of fragmentation spectra to support the FAIRification, extraction and dissemination of chemical knowledge. This workflow aims at the extraction of spectral patterns matching finely defined MIA skeletons. These extracted signatures can then be queried against complex biological extract datasets using MassQL. By applying this strategy to an LC-MS/MS dataset of 75 plant extracts, our results demonstrated the efficiency of this approach in identifying the diversity of MIA skeletons present in the analyzed samples. Additionally, our work enabled the digitization of structural data for diverse MIA skeletons by converting them into machine-readable formats and thereby enhancing their dissemination for the scientific community. Scientific contribution A comprehensive investigation of the monoterpene indole alkaloid chemical space, aiming to highlight skeleton-dependent fragmentation similarity trends and to generate valuable spectrometric signatures that could be used as queries.}, subject = {Computational chemistry}, language = {en} } @unpublished{HuberPollmann2025, author = {Huber, Florian and Pollmann, Julian}, title = {Count your bits: more subtle similarity measures using larger radius count vectors}, publisher = {bioRXiv}, doi = {10.1101/2025.06.16.659994}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-54632}, pages = {29}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Quantifying molecular similarity is a cornerstone of cheminformatics, underpinning applications from virtual screening to chemical space visualization. A wide range of molecular fingerprints and similarity metrics, most notably Tanimoto scores, are employed, but their effectiveness is highly context-dependent. In this study, we systematically evaluate several 2D fingerprint types, including circular, path-based, and distance-encoded variants, using both binary and count representations. We highlight the consequences of fingerprint choice, vector folding, and similarity metric selection, revealing critical issues such as fingerprint duplication, mass dependent score biases, and high bit collision rates. Sparse and count-based fingerprints consistently outperform fixed-size binary vectors in preserving structural distinctions. Furthermore, we introduce percentile-based normalization, propose inverse-document-frequency (IDF) weighting, and benchmark all methods against graph-based MCES similarities. Our results offer practical guidance for selecting molecular similarity measures, emphasizing the need for conscious, task-aware fingerprinting choices in large-scale chemical analyses.}, subject = {Computational chemistry}, language = {en} } @article{GaudryHuberNothiasetal.2022, author = {Gaudry, Arnaud and Huber, Florian and Nothias, Louis-F{\´e}lix and Cretton, Sylvian and Kaiser, Marcel and Wolfender, Jean-Luc and Allard, Pierre-Marie}, title = {MEMO: Mass Spectrometry-Based Sample Vectorization to Explore Chemodiverse Datasets}, series = {Frontiers in Bioinformatics}, volume = {2}, journal = {Frontiers in Bioinformatics}, publisher = {Frontiers}, issn = {2673-7647}, doi = {10.3389/fbinf.2022.842964}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-54660}, pages = {13}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In natural products research, chemodiverse extracts coming from multiple organisms are explored for novel bioactive molecules, sometimes over extended periods. Samples are usually analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with fragmentation mass spectrometry to acquire informative mass spectral ensembles. Such data is then exploited to establish relationships among analytes or samples (e.g., via molecular networking) and annotate metabolites. However, the comparison of samples profiled in different batches is challenging with current metabolomics methods since the experimental variation—changes in chromatographical or mass spectrometric conditions - hinders the direct comparison of the profiled samples. Here we introduce MEMO—MS2 BasEd SaMple VectOrization—a method allowing to cluster large amounts of chemodiverse samples based on their LC-MS/MS profiles in a retention time agnostic manner. This method is particularly suited for heterogeneous and chemodiverse sample sets. MEMO demonstrated similar clustering performance as state-of-the-art metrics considering fragmentation spectra. More importantly, such performance was achieved without the requirement of a prior feature alignment step and in a significantly shorter computational time. MEMO thus allows the comparison of vast ensembles of samples, even when analyzed over long periods of time, and on different chromatographic or mass spectrometry platforms. This new addition to the computational metabolomics toolbox should drastically expand the scope of large-scale comparative analysis.}, subject = {Computational chemistry}, language = {en} } @article{MinartzVondebergObertetal.2025, author = {Minartz, Peter and Vondeberg, Carmen and Obert, Laura and Bleck, Christian and Hemming, Bernhard and V{\"o}cking, Mara and Ose, Claudia and Znotka, Matti and C{\"u}rlis, Diana and Karrenbrock, Anne and Oehmichen, Frank and Heistermann, Peter and Kuske, Silke}, title = {Experiencing digital technologies: The importance of feeling safe in healthcare - A qualitative participatory design}, series = {Das Gesundheitswesen}, journal = {Das Gesundheitswesen}, publisher = {Thieme}, issn = {0941-3790}, doi = {10.1055/a-2560-1100}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-52945}, pages = {13}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Background Digital technologies are increasingly used in healthcare. In this context, perceived safety plays a critical role in their acceptance and implementation. Previous research had focused more on data security or specific digital technologies. There has also been a lack of participatory approaches to consider and empower healthcare recipients (and relatives), providers, and technology experts to broaden the phenomenon. Objective The aim of this study was to present a comprehensive perspective on the needs, influencing factors and related outcomes in the context of feeling safe with digital technologies in healthcare. Method A qualitative, exploratory, and participatory methodology was used with five guide-based focus group workshops. Each workshop explored one of five digital technology demonstrations provided at the beginning: (1) electronic health records (EHR), (2) robotics, (3) artificial intelligence (AI), (4) smart home, and (5) smart hospital. All participants were invited for a guide-based discussion. The study focused on the levels of 'involvement' and 'collaboration' by also empowering participation. The workshop target groups were actively involved in the development and execution of the workshops and were empowered. The data were analysed via a content analysis approach, with a mostly inductive procedure. Results Feeling safe was found to affect thoughts, emotions, and actions. For example, a higher level of perceived safety increased the acceptance of digital technologies, whereas a lower level of perceived safety decreased it. The corresponding needs and influencing factors differed in terms of their scope and focus depending on the context. The aspect of 'control' was most frequently addressed by all the target groups and was viewed as relevant in all the workshops. In general, digital technologies were viewed as supplements rather than substitutes for healthcare providers. Conclusion This study extends beyond the current state of research on perceived safety and the use of digital technologies in healthcare by providing a comprehensive overview of the corresponding needs and influencing factors at various levels, such as the individual, community-organizational, and system-society levels. The perceived safety of healthcare recipients and providers related to digital technologies should be taken into consideration to achieve positive implementation outcomes.}, subject = {Digitalisierung}, language = {en} } @article{GreuelWatermannLohmannetal.2025, author = {Greuel, Marc and Watermann, Clara Maria and Lohmann, Heiko and Kaluza, Stefan and Apfel, Ulf-Peter and Zeidler-Fandrich, Barbara}, title = {The conversion of ethanol over 3d-metal saponite-like smectites}, series = {Materials Advances}, journal = {Materials Advances}, number = {6}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, issn = {2633-5409}, doi = {10.1039/d4ma01036a}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-52973}, pages = {2885 -- 2898}, year = {2025}, abstract = {The replacement of fossil fuel processes with renewable pathways is critical to circumvent climate change and environmental risks. A process of interest is the production of 1,3-butadiene (BD), which is primarily derived as a by-product of naphtha steam cracking. A sustainable alternative path involves converting renewable ethanol to BD via the Lebedev process, which requires a catalyst with balanced redox, acidic, and basic sites. Due to the necessity of a multifunctional catalyst, existing materials for this reaction are either comprised of catalyst mixtures or supported catalysts. In this study, we introduce a bulk material, saponite, containing M-O-Si sites, which combine required catalytic sites for the ethanol to BD (ETB) reaction in one material. The product composition in ethanol conversion were strongly dependent on the type of 3d-metal used, while no conclusive correlation between surface properties, conversion, and product composition was observed. Herein, using V-Sap*, we achieved an ethene productivity of 448 gethene kgcat-1 h-1 (74\%) at 573.15 K. High acetaldehyde productivity was maintained with Cu-Sap* (466 gAcA kgcat-1 h-1, 49\%) at 573.15 K and Zn-Sap (528 gAcA kgcat-1 h-1, 55\%) at 723.15 K. Mg-Sap primarily produced ethene but also yielded 10 gBD kgcat-1 h-1 BD at 723.15 K. Higher BD outputs were observed with Ni-Sap (31 gBD kgcat-1 h-1 at 523.15 K) and Mn-Sap* (51 gBD kgcat-1 h-1 at 723.15 K). This underscores the potential of saponite-based materials for flexible product outputs in ethanol conversion, influenced by the choice of integrated 3d-metal.}, subject = {Butadien}, language = {en} } @article{SteffensBlaettermannSattleretal.2025, author = {Steffens, Jochen and Bl{\"a}ttermann, Patrick and Sattler, Maximilian and Tang, Kevin}, title = {How does a credible voice sound?}, series = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America}, volume = {157}, journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America}, number = {5}, publisher = {Acoustical Society of America}, issn = {1520-8524}, doi = {10.1121/10.0036646}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-53133}, pages = {3780 -- 3792}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Credibility is a crucial social factor that influences people's perception and decision-making. This study explores the acoustic attributes that define credible speech compared to neutral and ironic speech. A custom-built German corpus was developed, containing speech samples recorded from amateurs to enhance ecological validity. The study extracted a broad set of audio features from these samples, employing recursive feature elimination to identify the most influential attributes. These were then analyzed using a machine-learning-supported multinomial logistic regression model. The results indicated significant differences in the acoustic features associated with credible speech compared to neutral and ironic speech. Key findings include the role of a higher energy level (1st mel-frequency cepstral coefficient) in credible compared to neutral and ironic speech and a higher speaking rate in both credible and ironic compared to neutral speech. Also, irony is characterized by more high-frequency content (mean spectral centroid) compared to credible or neutral speech. Gender differences in spoken irony involve a greater influence of speaking rate in women's speech, while high pitch plays a more significant role in men's speech. This research thus contributes to the understanding of how credibility is conveyed through speech and offers insights for applications in communication, media, and artificial intelligence. The study also highlights the methodological advancements made by incorporating a diverse range of acoustic features and employing a robust machine-learning framework.}, subject = {Sprechen}, language = {en} } @article{KokHuberKalischetal.2025, author = {Kok, Maurits and Huber, Florian and Kalisch, Svenja-Marei and Dogterom, Marileen}, title = {EB3-informed dynamics of the microtubule stabilizing cap during stalled growth}, series = {Biophysical Journal}, volume = {124}, journal = {Biophysical Journal}, number = {2}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {1542-0086}, doi = {10.1016/j.bpj.2024.11.3314}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-53164}, pages = {227 -- 244}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Microtubule stability is known to be governed by a stabilizing GTP/GDP-Pi cap, but the exact relation between growth velocity, GTP hydrolysis, and catastrophes remains unclear. We investigate the dynamics of the stabilizing cap through in vitro reconstitution of microtubule dynamics in contact with microfabricated barriers, using the plus-end binding protein GFP-EB3 as a marker for the nucleotide state of the tip. The interaction of growing microtubules with steric objects is known to slow down microtubule growth and accelerate catastrophes. We show that the lifetime distributions of stalled microtubules, as well as the corresponding lifetime distributions of freely growing microtubules, can be fully described with a simple phenomenological 1D model based on noisy microtubule growth and a single EB3-dependent hydrolysis rate. This same model is furthermore capable of explaining both the previously reported mild catastrophe dependence on microtubule growth rates and the catastrophe statistics during tubulin washout experiments.}, subject = {Mikrotubulus}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DewitzMoazemiKalkhoffetal.2023, author = {Dewitz, Bastian and Moazemi, Sobhan and Kalkhoff, Sebastian and Kessler, Steven and Geiger, Christian and Steinicke, Frank and Aubin, Hug and Schmid, Falko}, title = {Enacted Selves in Technological Activities - Framework and Case Study in Immersive Telementoring}, series = {Mensch und Computer 2023 (MuC '23), September 03--06, 2023, Rapperswil, Switzerland.}, booktitle = {Mensch und Computer 2023 (MuC '23), September 03--06, 2023, Rapperswil, Switzerland.}, editor = {Stolze, Markus and Loch, Frieder and Baldauf, Matthias and Alt, Florian and Schneegass, Christina and Kosch, Thomas and Hirzle, Teresa and Sadeghian, Shadan and Draxler, Fiona and Bektas, Kenan and Lohan, Katrin and Knierim, Pascal}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-0771-1}, doi = {10.1145/3603555.3603576}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-49665}, pages = {289 -- 299}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The incorporation of new technology into existing human activities can be challenging. Numerous models have been proposed in human-computer interaction (HCI) to guide research and analyze effects. However, bridging the gap between experimental data and real-world applications often proves to be difficult. In the last decades, post-cognitivistic approaches have been developed to explain human cognition and the relation between humans and their environment. In this paper, we present a novel framework to systematically describe and analyze challenges in the context of HCI from multiple perspectives. It extends Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) and is enriched by contemporary philosophical perspectives (enactivism, pattern theory of self and post-phenomenology). The proposed framework is further illustrated by applying it to an immersive telementoring prototype system.}, subject = {Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation}, language = {en} } @article{PaluchWeilerEichelbergetal.2025, author = {Paluch, Richard and Weiler, Tim and Eichelberg, Marco and Hein, Andreas and Huldtgren, Alina and H{\"u}lsken-Giesler, Manfred and Meyer, Sibylle and M{\"u}ller, Claudia}, title = {AI and robotic systems in healthcare}, series = {i-com: Journal of Interactive Media}, journal = {i-com: Journal of Interactive Media}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, issn = {1618-162X}, doi = {10.1515/icom-2025-0010}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-52336}, pages = {3}, year = {2025}, subject = {Maschinelles Lernen}, language = {en} } @article{BiswasMandalMannaetal.2025, author = {Biswas, Nirmalendu and Mandal, Dipak Kumar and Manna, Nirmal K. and Benim, Ali Cemal}, title = {Thermomagnetic convection and entropy generation in a hybrid nanofluid filled wavy-walled cavity heated non-uniformly}, series = {Archives of Thermodynamics}, journal = {Archives of Thermodynamics}, publisher = {Polish Academy of Sciences}, issn = {1231-0956}, doi = {10.24425/ather.2025.154182}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-52344}, pages = {61 -- 81}, year = {2025}, abstract = {In this work, thermomagnetic convection and irreversibility production in a hybrid nanofluid-filled wavy-walled porous thermal system containing a semi-circular heated bottom is presented. Both the sidewalls of the enclosure are cooled and undulated with varying undulation numbers. The lower wall is partially undulated following a semi-circular-shaped object and is heated isothermally. The horizontal walls are insulated. The cavity is occupied with Cu-Al2O3/water-based hybrid nanofluid and porous substances under the impact of the evenly applied horizontal magnetic field. This work significantly contributes to the existing research rendering an exhaustive understanding of the hydrothermal flow-physics as well as irreversibility production of a hybrid nanofluid in the cavity having surface undulation. The Galerkin weighted finite element method is utilized to solve the mathematical model. The hydrothermal performance of the thermal system is considerably influenced by various pertinent factors such as Darcy-Rayleigh number, Darcy number, Hartmann number, and number of undulations. The wall undulations have a critical role in altering the hydrothermal performance. Heatlines are used to analyse heat transport dynamics from the protruded hot surface to the heat sink. The protruded heater wall induces the formation of a hot upward plume in the nearest fluid layers. The flow divides into two parts forming a pair of circulations due to symmetrical cooling at the sidewalls. The flow behaviours are significantly dampened by increasing the Hartmann number. The associated total entropy generation is also demonstrated. This study contributes to the existing domain knowledge and provides insights for designing and optimizing similar thermal systems.}, subject = {W{\"a}rme{\"u}bertragung}, language = {en} } @article{HeninPetitRohwetteretal.2011, author = {Henin, Stefano and Petit, Yannick and Rohwetter, Philipp and Stelmaszczyk, Kamil and Hao, Zuoqiang and Nakaema, Walter Morinobu and Vogel, Andreas and Pohl, Tobias and Schneider, Friedhelm and Kasparian, J{\´e}r{\^o}me and Weber, Konradin and W{\"o}ste, Ludger and Wolf, Jean-Pierre}, title = {Field measurements suggest the mechanism of laser-assisted water condensation}, series = {Nature Communications}, volume = {2}, journal = {Nature Communications}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, issn = {2041-1723}, doi = {10.1038/ncomms1462}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-52439}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Because of the potential impact on agriculture and other key human activities, efforts have been dedicated to the local control of precipitation. The most common approach consists of dispersing small particles of dry ice, silver iodide, or other salts in the atmosphere. Here we show, using field experiments conducted under various atmospheric conditions, that laser filaments can induce water condensation and fast droplet growth up to several μm in diameter in the atmosphere as soon as the relative humidity exceeds 70\%. We propose that this effect relies mainly on photochemical formation of p.p.m.-range concentrations of hygroscopic Hno3, allowing efficient binary Hno3-H2o condensation in the laser filaments. Thermodynamic, as well as kinetic, numerical modelling based on this scenario semiquantitatively reproduces the experimental results, suggesting that particle stabilization by Hno3 has a substantial role in the laser-induced condensation.}, subject = {Kondensation}, language = {en} } @article{HunkeHuberSteffens2025, author = {Hunke, Til and Huber, Florian and Steffens, Jochen}, title = {The Evolution of Song Lyrics: An NLP-Based Analysis of Popular Music in Germany from 1954 to 2022}, series = {Music \& Science}, volume = {8}, journal = {Music \& Science}, publisher = {Sage Publications}, issn = {2059-2043}, doi = {10.1177/20592043251331155}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-52618}, pages = {20}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Music is an indispensable cultural product, reflecting changes in social, psychological, and cultural contexts. This study analyzes the historical evolution of topics and conveyed affect in popular music lyrics in Germany from 1954 to 2022, using LDA-based topic modeling and transformer-based sentiment analysis. These results show that Love \& Relationships is the most referenced topic, with Dreams \& Longings prominent until the mid-1960s and Society \& Status rising from 2017. The sentiment analysis reveals a significant decline in positive sentiment since the mid-1960s, accompanied by increases in negative, ambiguous, and neutral sentiments. These trends may reflect broader societal changes, including shifts in cultural values, rising individualism, and increasing mental health issues. The study highlights the evolving nature of popular music and its reflection of social dynamics.}, subject = {Popmusik}, language = {en} } @article{Hoerner2019, author = {H{\"o}rner, Fernand}, title = {Artistic Research between Language and Aesthetics}, series = {w/k - Zwischen Wissenschaft und Kunst}, journal = {w/k - Zwischen Wissenschaft und Kunst}, publisher = {Peter Tepe}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, issn = {2628-1465}, doi = {10.55597/e3914}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-49858}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Is artistic research more than a utopia and what exactly is artistic research? This question will be explored here in the course of three articles. The first examines the relationship between science and art, and thus also with language and aesthetics. The central question concerns, first of all, how aesthetic and language-based cognition relate to one another and what this might signify for artistic research.}, subject = {K{\"u}nstlerische Forschung}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DeckertMohya2023, author = {Deckert, Carsten and Mohya, Ahmed}, title = {Tinkering, Tools and Techniques - Creativity in German Engineering Education}, series = {AIJR Proceedings: Proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Creativity in Innovation}, booktitle = {AIJR Proceedings: Proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Creativity in Innovation}, editor = {Heijne, Katrina}, publisher = {AIJR Publisher}, issn = {2582-3922}, doi = {10.21467/proceedings.154.2}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-51142}, pages = {11 -- 18}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Purpose - Engineers are expected to be the creative problem solvers and innovative tinkerers of a company. This article examines to what extent German tertiary education lives up to this expectation. The analysis of German module descriptions in engineering shows that there are no courses dedicated to creativity and that creativity and its techniques are mentioned only sparsely in the modules of the engineering curriculum. Surveys amongst our students show that they are usually familiar with techniques which are based on generating alternatives such as brainstorming and morphological box, but lack knowledge about techniques based on challenging assumptions such as forced connection. They tend to favour discursive techniques over intuitive ones and techniques which use generation of alternatives as an idea-generating principle. A combination of creativity techniques seems to be most conducive to creative output in our course. Finally, we present some first findings on creative sessions in remote work with the help of virtual whiteboards, which have gained in importance since the pandemic. Methodology - Firstly, we present an document analysis of the modules of Bachelor and Master programs of mechanical engineering at German universities and universities of applied sciences. Secondly, we present results from surveys in our Master course in "Innovation and Technology Management" where we gathered data from students over several years and performed an external evaluation of the output using Consensual Assessment Technique (CAT). These results include which creativity techniques the students know prior to the course and which they prefer as well as which techniques seem to be conducive to engineering creativity. Furthermore we surveyed their experiences with creative sessions as remote work. Conclusion - Overall, the article shows the importance to teach prospective engineers the basics in creativity. Students should have the opportunity to acquire knowledge about and apply different creativity techniques, as different techniques have different strengths and weaknesses and, thus, different areas of fruitful application. They should also have the chance to try out different modes such as in-person sessions and virtual sessions, as some of the future work will most likely shift online. Furthermore, a combination of different creativity techniques makes it more likely that engineers break through their usual systematic-analytic way of thinking and helps them to think outside the box to find creative solutions for the pressing problems of our time.}, subject = {Ingenieurstudium}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DeckertMohya2023, author = {Deckert, Carsten and Mohya, Ahmed}, title = {Teaching Sustainable Logistics As A Project-Based Learning Course}, series = {European Society for Engineering Education (SEFI), 11-14 September 2023, TUDublin, Ireland}, booktitle = {European Society for Engineering Education (SEFI), 11-14 September 2023, TUDublin, Ireland}, publisher = {TU Dublin}, address = {Dublin}, doi = {10.21427/9D3F-KA64}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-51182}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Sustainable logistics combines the task of the 6R of logistics (right product, right place, right time, right condition, right cost) with social and environmental sustainability, especially low emissions and low resource consumption. This means that a problem that is already challenging, namely planning, executing, and controlling logistical processes, gets even more complex and requires aspects of systems thinking to incorporate environmental and social impacts. Classical approaches of teaching, e.g. lectures with presentations and short exercises on closed problems, do not do justice to the complexity and intricacies of the topic sustainability. In such a context, projectbased learning (PBL) where students do group work on open-ended problems with real-world complexity seems to be a more adequate means to teach the subject. The paper describes a PBL course in which students worked on projects to conceptualize micro-depots for parcel delivery in different areas of D{\"u}sseldorf. A micro-depot is a temporary storage location in a city from which parcels can be delivered by cargo bikes. The aim was to locate the micro-depot, design the delivery routes, check the feasibility, and calculate the reduction of greenhouse gases and other emissions. The course was taught in cooperation with a partner from the courier, express, and parcel delivery industry. The paper describes the experiences with the course and gives recommendations for a successful implementation of PBL in courses on sustainability.}, subject = {Ingenieurstudium}, language = {en} } @article{deHaas2025, author = {de Haas, Hella}, title = {"God is more pro-woman than anyone in this world": Fundamentalist evangelical influencers as an anti-feminist defensive public}, series = {Publizistik}, journal = {Publizistik}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, issn = {0033-4006}, doi = {10.1007/s11616-025-00888-5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-52201}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Counterpublics provide space for marginalised groups to voice opinions and experiences neglected by hegemonic discourse. This paper highlights publics that present themselves as counterpublics but which in actual fact reinforce existing hierarchies, particularly patriarchal structures. The case study of Girl Defined Ministries, a fundamentalist evangelical influencer duo based in Texas, links the research fields of digital religion and anti-feminist defensive publics, revealing parts of anti-feminism online that have hitherto been the reserve of digital religion studies. A consideration of the national history and religious developments of recent decades in the United States allows for a deeper understanding of this type of religious influencer. Girl Defined post content about their concept of "Biblical womanhood" on multiple platforms. In the present study, 56 blog articles by Girl Defined were analysed using qualitative content analysis through the analytical lens of the Social Identity model of Deindividuation Effects (SIDE), which reflects on how group identity is formed by simultaneously enhancing in-group and devaluing out-group norms. The findings demonstrate that Girl Defined portray the out-group, feminism, as an anti-God ideology responsible for the collective misery of women in Western societies, and hold women responsible for their own discontent by choosing the wrong path. Girl Defined therefore promote their in-group values, gender roles for women defined by God, and submission to men as the only way to live a joyful life. Presenting themselves as a persecuted and ostracised counterpublic to a feminist mainstream is central to Girl Defined's argument. The paper adds to the existing literature on women anti-feminist and religious influencers as a development of mediatization.}, language = {en} } @misc{Deckert2023, author = {Deckert, Carsten}, title = {Review of: "Liberalism Caused the Great Enrichment"}, publisher = {Qeios Ltd}, doi = {10.32388/XZT5XF}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-51193}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DeckertMohya2022, author = {Deckert, Carsten and Mohya, Ahmed}, title = {Self-directed versus guided learning - searching for the sweet spot with lesson activities in Moodle}, series = {SEFI 50th Annual conference of The European Society for Engineering Education. "Towards a new future in engineering education, new scenarios that european alliances of tech universities open up."}, booktitle = {SEFI 50th Annual conference of The European Society for Engineering Education. "Towards a new future in engineering education, new scenarios that european alliances of tech universities open up."}, publisher = {Universitat Polit{\`e}cnica de Catalunya}, address = {Barcelona}, isbn = {978-84-123222-6-2}, doi = {10.5821/conference-9788412322262.1132}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-51759}, pages = {234 -- 242}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In times of a pandemic many university courses have to be taught in an online learning format to respect the requirements of social distancing. Online learning takes place between the poles of self-direction by the student and guidance by the lecturer. In this paper a first-semester course in industrial economics for engineers, which was taught in the self-directed learning format of flipped classroom, was enhanced with lesson activities in the Learning Management System (LMS) Moodle as a means of guided learning with student-content interaction. The paper describes the design and the evaluation of the lesson activities. For the evaluation a student survey to gather the opinions and self-assessments of the students was conducted, and statistical data from Moodle on the performance of the students were collected. The results of the student survey show an overall positive evaluation of the lesson activities by the students who participated in the lesson activities. Furthermore, the results of the statistical data about the students' performance show a relation between participation in the lesson activities and exam success. As a caveat, however, the results also show that the majority of the students chose not to participate in the lesson activities.}, subject = {Selbstgesteuertes Lernen}, language = {en} } @article{ErdmannvonBergSteffens2025, author = {Erdmann, Matthias and von Berg, Markus and Steffens, Jochen}, title = {Development and evaluation of a mixed reality music visualization for a live performance based on music information retrieval}, series = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality}, volume = {6}, journal = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality}, publisher = {Frontiers}, issn = {2673-4192}, doi = {10.3389/frvir.2025.1552321}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-51110}, pages = {18}, year = {2025}, abstract = {The present study explores the development and evaluation of a mixed reality music visualization for a live music performance. Real-time audio analysis and crossmodal correspondences were used as design guidelines for creating the visualization, which was presented through a head-mounted-display. To assess the impact of the music visualization on the audience's aesthetic experience, a baseline visualization was designed, featuring the same visual elements but with random changes of color and movement. The audience's aesthetic experience of the two conditions (i.e., listening to the same song with different visualizations) was assessed using the Aesthetic Emotions Scale (AESTHEMOS) questionnaire. Additionally, participants answered questions regarding the perceived audiovisual congruence of the stimuli and questionnaires about individual musicality and aesthetic receptivity. The results show that the visualization controlled by real-time audio analysis was associated with a slightly enhanced aesthetic experience of the audiovisual composition compared to the randomized visualization, thereby supporting similar findings reported in the literature. Furthermore, the tested personal characteristics of the participants did not significantly affect aesthetic experience. Significant correlations between these characteristics and the aesthetic experience were observed only when the ratings were averaged across conditions. An open interview provided deeper insights into the participants' overall experiences of the live music performance. The results of the study offer insights into the development of real-time music visualization in mixed reality, examines how the specific audiovisual stimuli employed influence the aesthetic experience, and provides potential technical guidelines for creating new concert formats.}, subject = {Virtuelle Realit{\"a}t}, language = {en} } @article{ZellerVirchow2024, author = {Zeller, Michael C. and Virchow, Fabian}, title = {Far-right leadership in comparison: shifts and continuities in German-speaking movements}, series = {Social Movement Studies}, journal = {Social Movement Studies}, publisher = {Informa}, issn = {1474-2837}, doi = {10.1080/14742837.2024.2430974}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50521}, pages = {1 -- 23}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Leadership has long been acknowledged as a crucial feature of social movement activity. Theorisation has delved into the types of leadership and, more recently, the activities performed by leaders. However, comparative research on leadership and detection of any changes over time is scant. Our paper attends to these tasks by looking at the activities of two German-speaking far-right leaders. For many years, Christian Worch was one of the most active and influential neo-Nazi leaders in Germany, communicating much of his activity and strategy in the mid-2000s through a regular circular (Rundbriefe). Similarly, Martin Sellner, both as leader of the Identitarian movement and independent activist, today exercises an outsized role in the German-speaking far-right scene, including through his regular publications in the magazines Compact and Sezession. Our paper uses data of Worch's and Sellner's writings, scraped from webpages and gathered from archives, in a mixed-methods comparative design to identify the tasks performed by these leaders, and how frequently. Quantitative text analysis techniques guide the qualitative evaluation of leaders' activities and reveal shifts - and continuities - in far-right movement leadership. The paper thereby contributes to scholarship on an important aspect of contemporary far-right movements as well as broader social movement literature on the topic of leadership.}, subject = {Rechtsradikalismus}, language = {en} } @article{WeberHewelingFischeretal.2017, author = {Weber, Konradin and Heweling, Georg and Fischer, Christian and Lange, Martin}, title = {The use of an octocopter UAV for the determination of air pollutants - a case study of the traffic induced pollution plume around a river bridge in Duesseldorf, Germany}, series = {International Journal of Environmental Science}, volume = {2}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Science}, issn = {2367-8941}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50805}, pages = {63 -- 66}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Emissions of air pollutants from the road traffic are still a major problem in Germany. It is well known that traffic induced fine particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5, PM1), ultrafine particles (UFPs) and gaseous air pollutants, like e.g. NOx, are adverse to human health. Therefore it is important to monitor these air pollutants in the cities. In this study an octocopter UAV is used as a carrier for measurement systems for UFPs, fine particulate matter and soot. This instrumented octocopter was used for studying the vertical and horizontal variation of the air pollution plume, which originated from the traffic on a river bridge, connecting two parts of Duesseldorf in Germany. This octocopter UAV had been especially designed and built at the Duesseldorf University of Applied Sciences for measurements of air pollutants. It was featuring eight 900 W electric propeller drives and was equipped with a pixhawk flight control. Its lift off weight was about 10.5 kg. About 60 measurement flights were performed by the instrumented octocopter throughout this study. These measurement flights could clearly determine the traffic induced air pollution plume originating from the bridge. Moreover, the dispersion of UFPs within the pollution plume could be monitored with the octocopter flights.}, subject = {Flugk{\"o}rper}, language = {en} } @article{WeberFischerPohletal.2015, author = {Weber, Konradin and Fischer, Christian and Pohl, Tobias and B{\"o}hlke, Christoph and Lange, Martin and Scharifi, Emad and Eliasson, Jonas and Yoshitani, Junichi}, title = {The Application of Light Research Aircraft for the Investigation of Volcano Eruption Plumes, Industrial Emissions and Urban Plumes}, series = {WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development}, volume = {11}, journal = {WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development}, publisher = {WSEAS}, issn = {2224-3496}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50892}, pages = {89 -- 94}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Airborne measurements have proved to be an important tool for the investigation of volcanic emission plumes, industrial pollution plumes, fugitive emissions and urban pollution plumes. In this paper several examples are demonstrated, how these investigations can be performed by light and microlight propeller aircraft. Throughout the last years innovative aircraft were developed in the light and microlight class showing an excellent flight performance. This enables airborne measurements, which were performed in former years normally by big jet engine driven research aircraft. Moreover, these light and microlight aircraft are equipped with piston motors, which are sturdy enough to operate even in adverse and harsh flight conditions, e.g. in volcanic plumes with high ash concentration. Additionally, turbo charged versions of these airborne piston motors are available, which allow flight altitudes of 7000m - 9000m enabling a large variety of research missions. Another advantage of light and microlight research aircraft is that they are quite cost effective and have a comparatively short certification process for the installation of new measurement equipment. This made it possible to respond fast to the eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallaj{\"o}kull 2010 and Grimsv{\"o}tn 2011 with research flights in volcanic ash plumes over Germany and Iceland. In this way it was possible to deliver real airborne measurements additional to the ash plume model calculations of the London Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC). In this paper examples of airborne measurements in the volcanic plumes of the recent eruptions of Icelandic volcanoes are given. Moreover examples are presented, which highlight the outstanding capabilities of these aircraft for pinpointing industrial emissions and for characterizing urban pollution plumes.}, subject = {Vulkanismus}, language = {en} } @article{PohlFischerHewelingetal.2017, author = {Pohl, Tobias and Fischer, Christian and Heweling, Georg and B{\"o}hlke, Christoph and Weber, Konradin}, title = {A Comparative Study as a Quality Assurance of Stationary and Portable Hand-Held Ultrafine Particle Monitors}, series = {WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development}, volume = {13}, journal = {WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development}, publisher = {WSEAS}, issn = {2224-3496}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50799}, pages = {6}, year = {2017}, abstract = {In this study we investigated the performance of two portable hand-held measurement devices (Testo DiSCMini, Grimm NanoCheck) under real environmental conditions at an area on the new campus of the University of Applied Sciences Duesseldorf, which was influenced by construction activities and traffic. The values were compared to the data from a freshly calibrated SMPS (Grimm SMPS+C) as a reference system. The SMPS measured the particle number concentration as well as the particle number size distribution in a range from 5 nm to 350 nm. This was done as a quality assurance for the use of these portable devices for other measurement campaigns for detecting the particle number concentration in mobile applications by e.g. unmanned aerial systems, bicycles, or small aircraft. The results show a good correlation between all the systems. The agreement between the reference system and the NanoCheck was really good, but lower between the DiSCMini and the reference system. Due to the good correlation the data could be post processed with a correction function to reduce the deviation. Finally, it can be stated, that both systems work well under environmental conditions and are well suited for the mobile use for the investigation of ultrafine particle concentration.}, subject = {Messtechnik}, language = {en} } @article{MaginKoestersJanduraetal.2025, author = {Magin, Melanie and K{\"o}sters, Raphael and Jandura, Olaf and Weiß, Ralph and Stark, Birgit and Udris, Linards and Klein, Miriam and Riedl, Andreas A.}, title = {Viewpoint Diversity, Balance, Deliberativeness: Assessing the Media Performance of Migration Coverage Multi-Dimensionally Based on Deliberative Democratic Theories}, series = {Mass Communication and Society}, journal = {Mass Communication and Society}, publisher = {Informa}, issn = {1520-5436}, doi = {10.1080/15205436.2025.2461082}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-51020}, pages = {25}, year = {2025}, abstract = {The issue of migration is highly salient in public debates in many countries. Given this salience and the risk of political instrumentalization, often by actors from the far right, it is important for citizens to receive high-quality, differentiated information on the migration issue. This touches upon the question of media performance. While there is abundant research on the media portrayal of the migration issue, this research strand is, surprisingly, hardly linked to research on media performance. We establish this link and present an innovative, sophisticated framework for standardized content analyses on migration. It combines three standards of media performance that are key to deliberative democratic theories—viewpoint diversity, balance, and deliberativeness—and utilizes value frames and the sociological concept of idea elements to measure viewpoint diversity and balance. A first empirical test of our newly developed approach, taking Germany as a case, shows noticeable differences in the media performance of 11 outlets analyzed. This test proves the applicability of our framework, which provides a valuable starting point for future comparative research on the media performance of migration coverage across countries and over time.}, subject = {Meinungsvielfalt}, language = {en} } @article{EliassonYoshitaniWeberetal.2014, author = {Eliasson, Jonas and Yoshitani, Junichi and Weber, Konradin and Yasuda, Nario and Iguchi, Masato and Vogel, Andreas}, title = {Airborne Measurement in the Ash Plume from Mount Sakurajima: Analysis of Gravitational Effects on Dispersion and Fallout}, series = {International Journal of Atmospheric Sciences}, volume = {2014}, journal = {International Journal of Atmospheric Sciences}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {2314-4122}, doi = {10.1155/2014/372135}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50955}, pages = {16}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Volcanic ash concentrations in the plume from Sakurajima volcano in Japan are observed from airplanes equipped with optical particle counters and GPS tracking devices. The volcano emits several puffs a day. The puffs are also recorded by the Sakurajima Volcanological Observatory. High concentrations are observed in the puffs and fallout driven by vertical air current, called streak fallout. Puffs dispersion is analyzed by the classical diffusion-advection method and a new gravitational dispersion method. The fluid mechanic of the gravitational dispersion, streak fallout, and classical diffusion-advection theory is described in three separate appendices together with methods to find the time gravitational dispersion constant and the diffusion coefficient from satellite photos. The diffusion-advection equation may be used to scale volcanic eruptions so the same eruption plumes can be scaled to constant flux and wind conditions or two eruptions can be scaled to each other. The dispersion analyses show that dispersion of volcanic plumes does not follow either theories completely. It is most likely diffusion in the interface of the plume and the ambient air, together with gravitational flattening of the plumes core. This means larger boundary concentration gradients and smaller diffusion coefficients than state of the art methods can predict.}, subject = {Vulkanismus}, language = {en} } @article{PohlHewelingFischeretal.2017, author = {Pohl, T. and Heweling, G. and Fischer, C. and Weber, Konradin}, title = {Traffic Influenced Nitrogen Dioxide, Ultrafine Particle and Black Carbon Concentrations at a Busy Urban Street in Duesseldorf, Germany}, series = {International Journal of Environmental Science}, volume = {2}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Science}, issn = {2367-8941}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50355}, pages = {410 -- 417}, year = {2017}, abstract = {In this study the road traffic related air pollution within a busy urban street canyon in the City of Duesseldorf, Germany was investigated. For the investigations the measurement truck of the laboratory for environmental measurement techniques of the HSD was equipped with different measurement devices for gaseous and aerosol species as well as meteorological sensors. The measurement truck was placed next to a stationary air quality measurement container of the Environmental State Agency of North-Rhine-Westphalia (LANUV). The measurement site is located at the Cornelius street, a direct north south connecting street through the city of Duesseldorf, which is highly frequented by road traffic with an daily amount of about 45,000 vehicles. The street is located within the low emission zone (LEZ). Additionally the pass through of vehicles with a higher weight than 7.5 tons is prohibited. Within this study over a period of several weeks the particle mass concentrations PM10, PM2.5 and PM1, and the particle number size distribution (PNSD) were measured over a broad range from 5 nm to 32 µm with a high temporal resolution. Additionally, an aethalometer was used to determine the proportion of black carbon in the particle ensembles. Gaseous pollutants like nitrogen dioxide, ozone and sulphur dioxide were measured as well. Nitrogen dioxide is a typical species originating from combustion processes. In this study the data from NO2 strongly correlate with ultrafine particle and black carbon concentrations and for this reason all three species are clearly influenced by road traffic. However, this effect is not so pronounced for the particle mass concentrations, which are additionally influenced by the varying local background concentrations. During the measurements, the averaged concentration for PM10 was on a moderate level at 20.6 µg/m³ (PM2.5 13.4 µg/m³, PM1 10.7 µg/m³). The averaged NO2 concentration was 54.2 µg/m³ during the measurement period, which is above the yearly limit value of 40 µg/m³. However, the hourly limit value of 200 µg/m³ was not exceeded during the measurement period of this study. The averaged particle number concentration (PNC5-250 nm) and black carbon concentration were on a low level compared with values from other studies at roadsides. The PNC5-250 nm was at 6,400 \#/cm³ and for black carbon at 1.8 µg/m³. The lower values for PNC and BC are possibly explained as a result due to the measures from the clean air plan. The measurements of this study took place in summertime. The air pollution concentrations might be higher during colder times of the year due to domestic fuel burning. After all it can be stated, that the additional monitoring of ultrafine particles and black carbon is relevant and important to characterize the composition of the air quality at roadsides and offer a better understanding for the temporal resolution of air pollutants in cities. Moreover, estimations on the risk of air pollution for the human health can more precisely be specified.}, language = {en} } @article{GeneralPoehlerSihleretal.2014, author = {General, S. and P{\"o}hler, D. and Sihler, H. and Bobrowski, N. and Frieß, U. and Zielcke, J. and Horbanski, M. and Shepson, P. B. and Stirm, B. H. and Simpson, W. R. and Weber, Konradin and Fischer, C. and Platt, U.}, title = {The Heidelberg Airborne Imaging DOAS Instrument (HAIDI) - a novel imaging DOAS device for 2-D and 3-D imaging of trace gases and aerosols}, series = {Atmospheric Measurement Techniques}, volume = {7}, journal = {Atmospheric Measurement Techniques}, number = {10}, publisher = {Copernicus}, issn = {1867-8548}, doi = {10.5194/amt-7-3459-2014}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50179}, pages = {3459 -- 3485}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Abstract. Many relevant processes in tropospheric chemistry take place on rather small scales (e.g., tens to hundreds of meters) but often influence areas of several square kilometer. Thus, measurements of the involved trace gases with high spatial resolution are of great scientific interest. In order to identify individual sources and sinks and ultimately to improve chemical transport models, we developed a new airborne instrument, which is based on the well established Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) method. The Heidelberg Airborne Imaging DOAS Instrument (HAIDI) is a passive imaging DOAS spectrometer, which is capable of recording horizontal and vertical trace gas distributions with a resolution of better than 100 m. Observable species include NO2, HCHO, C2H2O2, H2O, O3, O4, SO2, IO, OClO and BrO. Here we give a technical description of the instrument including its custom-built spectrographs and CCD detectors. Also first results from measurements with the new instrument are presented. These comprise spatial resolved SO2 and BrO in volcanic plumes, mapped at Mt. Etna (Sicily, Italy), NO2 emissions in the metropolitan area of Indianapolis (Indiana, USA) as well as BrO and NO2 distributions measured during arctic springtime in context of the BRomine, Ozone, and Mercury EXperiment (BROMEX) campaign, which was performed 2012 in Barrow (Alaska, USA).}, language = {en} } @article{MoxnesKristiansenStohletal.2014, author = {Moxnes, E. D. and Kristiansen, N. I. and Stohl, A. and Clarisse, L. and Durant, A. and Weber, Konradin and Vogel, A.}, title = {Separation of ash and sulfur dioxide during the 2011 Gr{\´i}msv{\"o}tn eruption}, series = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres}, volume = {119}, journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres}, number = {12}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union (AGU)}, issn = {2169-8996}, doi = {10.1002/2013JD021129}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50162}, pages = {7477 -- 7501}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @unpublished{WolfBraunUlrich2024, author = {Wolf, Dominik Werner and Braun, Alexander and Ulrich, Markus}, title = {Optical aberrations in autonomous driving: Physics-informed parameterized temperature scaling for neural network uncertainty calibration}, series = {International Journal of Computer Vision (IJCV)}, journal = {International Journal of Computer Vision (IJCV)}, publisher = {arXiv}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2412.13695}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50120}, year = {2024}, abstract = {'A trustworthy representation of uncertainty is desirable and should be considered as a key feature of any machine learning method' (Huellermeier and Waegeman, 2021). This conclusion of Huellermeier et al. underpins the importance of calibrated uncertainties. Since AI-based algorithms are heavily impacted by dataset shifts, the automotive industry needs to safeguard its system against all possible contingencies. One important but often neglected dataset shift is caused by optical aberrations induced by the windshield. For the verification of the perception system performance, requirements on the AI performance need to be translated into optical metrics by a bijective mapping (Braun, 2023). Given this bijective mapping it is evident that the optical system characteristics add additional information about the magnitude of the dataset shift. As a consequence, we propose to incorporate a physical inductive bias into the neural network calibration architecture to enhance the robustness and the trustworthiness of the AI target application, which we demonstrate by using a semantic segmentation task as an example. By utilizing the Zernike coefficient vector of the optical system as a physical prior we can significantly reduce the mean expected calibration error in case of optical aberrations. As a result, we pave the way for a trustworthy uncertainty representation and for a holistic verification strategy of the perception chain.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{WolfBalajiBraunetal.2024, author = {Wolf, Dominik Werner and Balaji, Prasannavenkatesh and Braun, Alexander and Ulrich, Markus}, title = {Decoupling of neural network calibration measures}, series = {German Conference on Pattern Recognition (GCPR) 2024}, journal = {German Conference on Pattern Recognition (GCPR) 2024}, publisher = {arXiv}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2406.02411}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50104}, year = {2024}, abstract = {A lot of effort is currently invested in safeguarding autonomous driving systems, which heavily rely on deep neural networks for computer vision. We investigate the coupling of different neural network calibration measures with a special focus on the Area Under the Sparsification Error curve (AUSE) metric. We elaborate on the well-known inconsistency in determining optimal calibration using the Expected Calibration Error (ECE) and we demonstrate similar issues for the AUSE, the Uncertainty Calibration Score (UCS), as well as the Uncertainty Calibration Error (UCE). We conclude that the current methodologies leave a degree of freedom, which prevents a unique model calibration for the homologation of safety-critical functionalities. Furthermore, we propose the AUSE as an indirect measure for the residual uncertainty, which is irreducible for a fixed network architecture and is driven by the stochasticity in the underlying data generation process (aleatoric contribution) as well as the limitation in the hypothesis space (epistemic contribution).}, language = {en} } @article{JakabBraunAgnewetal.2024, author = {Jakab, Daniel and Braun, Alexander and Agnew, Cathaoir and Mohandas, Reenu and Deegan, Brian Michael and Molloy, Dara and Ward, Enda and Scanlan, Anthony and Eising, Ciar{\´a}n}, title = {SS-SFR: synthetic scenes spatial frequency response on Virtual KITTI and degraded automotive simulations for object detection}, series = {IET Conference Proceedings}, volume = {2024}, journal = {IET Conference Proceedings}, number = {10}, publisher = {Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)}, issn = {2732-4494}, doi = {10.1049/icp.2024.3292}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50080}, pages = {110 -- 117}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @article{BonnvonSchneidemesserAndrichetal.2016, author = {Bonn, Boris and von Schneidemesser, Erika and Andrich, Dorota and Quedenau, J{\"o}rn and Gerwig, Holger and L{\"u}decke, Anja and Kura, J{\"u}rgen and Pietsch, Axel and Ehlers, Christian and Klemp, Dieter and Kofahl, Claudia and Nothard, Rainer and Kerschbaumer, Andreas and Junkermann, Wolfgang and Grote, R{\"u}diger and Pohl, Tobias and Weber, Konradin and Lode, Birgit and Sch{\"o}nberger, Philipp and Churkina, Galina and Butler, Tim M. and Lawrence, Mark G.}, title = {BAERLIN2014 - the influence of land surface types on and the horizontal heterogeneity of air pollutant levels in Berlin}, series = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics}, volume = {16}, journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics}, number = {12}, publisher = {Copernicus}, issn = {1680-7324}, doi = {10.5194/acp-16-7785-2016}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50065}, pages = {7785 -- 7811}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Abstract. Urban air quality and human health are among the key aspects of future urban planning. In order to address pollutants such as ozone and particulate matter, efforts need to be made to quantify and reduce their concentrations. One important aspect in understanding urban air quality is the influence of urban vegetation which may act as both emitter and sink for trace gases and aerosol particles. In this context, the "Berlin Air quality and Ecosystem Research: Local and long-range Impact of anthropogenic and Natural hydrocarbons 2014" (BAERLIN2014) campaign was conducted between 2 June and 29 August in the metropolitan area of Berlin and Brandenburg, Germany. The predominant goals of the campaign were (1) the characterization of urban gaseous and particulate pollution and its attribution to anthropogenic and natural sources in the region of interest, especially considering the connection between biogenic volatile organic compounds and particulates and ozone; (2) the quantification of the impact of urban vegetation on organic trace gas levels and the presence of oxidants such as ozone; and (3) to explain the local heterogeneity of pollutants by defining the distribution of sources and sinks relevant for the interpretation of model simulations. In order to do so, the campaign included stationary measurements at urban background station and mobile observations carried out from bicycle, van and airborne platforms. This paper provides an overview of the mobile measurements (Mobile BAERLIN2014) and general conclusions drawn from the analysis. Bicycle measurements showed micro-scale variations of temperature and particulate matter, displaying a substantial reduction of mean temperatures and particulate levels in the proximity of vegetated areas compared to typical urban residential area (background) measurements. Van measurements extended the area covered by bicycle observations and included continuous measurements of O3, NOx, CO, CO2 and point-wise measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at representative sites for traffic- and vegetation-affected sites. The quantification displayed notable horizontal heterogeneity of the short-lived gases and particle number concentrations. For example, baseline concentrations of the traffic-related chemical species CO and NO varied on average by up to ±22.2 and ±63.5 \%, respectively, on the scale of 100 m around any measurement location. Airborne observations revealed the dominant source of elevated urban particulate number and mass concentrations being local, i.e., not being caused by long-range transport. Surface-based observations related these two parameters predominantly to traffic sources. Vegetated areas lowered the pollutant concentrations substantially with ozone being reduced most by coniferous forests, which is most likely caused by their reactive biogenic VOC emissions. With respect to the overall potential to reduce air pollutant levels, forests were found to result in the largest decrease, followed by parks and facilities for sports and leisure. Surface temperature was generally 0.6-2.1 °C lower in vegetated regions, which in turn will have an impact on tropospheric chemical processes. Based on our findings, effective future mitigation activities to provide a more sustainable and healthier urban environment should focus predominantly on reducing fossil-fuel emissions from traffic as well as on increasing vegetated areas.}, language = {en} } @article{FuHeeminkLuetal.2016, author = {Fu, Guangliang and Heemink, Arnold and Lu, Sha and Segers, Arjo and Weber, Konradin and Lin, Hai-Xiang}, title = {Model-based aviation advice on distal volcanic ash clouds byassimilating aircraft in situ measurements}, series = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics}, volume = {16}, journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics}, number = {14}, publisher = {Copernicus}, issn = {1680-7324}, doi = {10.5194/acp-16-9189-2016}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50058}, pages = {9189 -- 9200}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Abstract. The forecast accuracy of distal volcanic ash clouds is important for providing valid aviation advice during volcanic ash eruption. However, because the distal part of volcanic ash plume is far from the volcano, the influence of eruption information on this part becomes rather indirect and uncertain, resulting in inaccurate volcanic ash forecasts in these distal areas. In our approach, we use real-life aircraft in situ observations, measured in the northwestern part of Germany during the 2010 Eyjafjallaj{\"o}kull eruption, in an ensemble-based data assimilation system combined with a volcanic ash transport model to investigate the potential improvement on the forecast accuracy with regard to the distal volcanic ash plume. We show that the error of the analyzed volcanic ash state can be significantly reduced through assimilating real-life in situ measurements. After a continuous assimilation, it is shown that the aviation advice for Germany, the Netherlands and Luxembourg can be significantly improved. We suggest that with suitable aircrafts measuring once per day across the distal volcanic ash plume, the description and prediction of volcanic ash clouds in these areas can be greatly improved.}, language = {en} } @article{EliassonYoshitaniMikietal.2016, author = {El{\´i}asson, Jonas and Yoshitani, Junichi and Miki, Daisuke and Weber, Konradin and B{\"o}lke, Christoph and Scharifi, Emad}, title = {Measurements of Particle Distribution and Ash Fluxes in the Plume of Sakurajima Volcano with Optical Particle Counter}, series = {Journal of Disaster Research}, volume = {11}, journal = {Journal of Disaster Research}, number = {1}, publisher = {Fuji Technology Press Ltd.}, issn = {1883-8030}, doi = {10.20965/jdr.2016.p0085}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50030}, pages = {85 -- 95}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Volcanic eruptions have caused very costly disturbances of international air traffic. This problem has been dealt with by simulating the formation and migration of dangerous ash plumes. However, the results of the simulations have sometimes been too safe, producing ash clouds that are too large. This was especially the case for the North Atlantic in 2010 (Eyjafjallaj{\"o}kull) and 2011 (Gr{\´i}msv{\"o}tn). Since 2012, an international cooperation team led by the Disaster Prevention Research Institute (DPRI) of Kyoto University has conducted airborne measurements of volcanic ash concentrations in the plume from Mount Sakurajima in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. This volcano was chosen because of its frequent but limited eruptions, which allow close observation. These measurement campaigns have provided data showing gravitational flattening of the plume, a new and previously unknown dispersion process of volcanic plumes. A new and previously unknown fallout process, called streak fallout, also has been measured. Results concerning plume flux, concentration distributions, aerosol (PM10) content of the plume, and content of very fine particles (PM2.5 and PM1) are presented, and the ways by which the observational methods can be used to produce reliable initial data and boundary values for simulations of plume dispersion are discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{EliassonWeberVogeletal.2016, author = {El{\´i}asson, Jonas and Weber, Konradin and Vogel, Andreas and P{\´a}lsson, Thorgeir and Yoshitani, Junichi and Miki, Daisuke}, title = {Investigation and Separation of Turbulent Fluctuations in Airborne Measurements of Volcanic Ash with Optical Particle Counters}, series = {Journal of Disaster Research}, volume = {11}, journal = {Journal of Disaster Research}, number = {1}, publisher = {Fuji Technology Press Ltd.}, issn = {1883-8030}, doi = {10.20965/jdr.2016.p0072}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50023}, pages = {72 -- 84}, year = {2016}, abstract = {The science of measuring airborne volcanic ash concentrations supports research in such fields as atmospheric environmental science and the modeling of atmospheric pollution from volcanoes, and is thus very valuable to the aviation industry. These measurements show large scatter directly traceable to turbulent fluctuations responsible for diffusing volcanic dust. Before semistationary components in observations can be compared to each other or to simulation results, they must be separated from fluctuations. In the design of the separation process, however, neither seasonal or diurnal periodicity nor random disturbance with known properties exists to serve as a guideline. It has been suggested that fluctuations could be eliminated through repeated convolutions of a simple 3-point filter enough times. The number of convolutions is chosen from the change in the rate of increase of a special variability parameter. When semistationary concentrations are separated from fluctuations, their statistics are compared to turbulence parameters and the autocorrelation of the series. The method is demonstrated using three measurement series from Sakurajima, Japan measured in 2013. It is concluded that this new method is simple and trustworthy where knowledge and experience of the environmental parameters can be utilized to support the results. They indicate a variability of 40\% in the relative fluctuations of the PM10 and around 20\% of the PM2.5. The relative fluctuations may be considered completely random, but normally distributed rather than a white noise with an evenly distributed variance spectrum.}, language = {en} } @article{MunnichDederichsKleinetal.2023, author = {Munnich, Patrick and Dederichs, Stefanie and Klein, Paula and Bruno Figura, Carl}, title = {Speech Intelligibility: Lateral Lisp Detection for Real-Time Monitoring}, series = {Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering}, volume = {9}, journal = {Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering}, number = {1}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, issn = {2364-5504}, doi = {10.1515/cdbme-2023-1071}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-49407}, pages = {283 -- 286}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Correcting lisps in speech can prove to be of great difficulty to many, as they may be unaware of whether they are lisping. To help those affected, we have developed a simple algorithm for the real-time identification of the sigmatismus lateralis in "S" sounds within speech via analysis in the frequency domain. The algorithm identifies peaks within the lisp's frequency band after calibration. A frequency band of 3000-4000 Hz has been identified to be generally accurate for lisp and 2500-3000 Hz for the correct pronunciation for a single male test subject. The algorithm splits given speech recordings into smaller segments and compares the number of lisps and non-lisps detected in these segments to categorize. From tests, it was concluded that a segment length of 0.5 s produces the best results. The algorithm does not detect every lisp section, however it does not raise false positives. Our implementation in Julia with multi-threaded per-file analysis is able to analyze 20 files of lengths between 5 s and 10 s within 0.21 s on a Qualcomm Snapdragon 860 smartphone chipset, meaning analysis is far faster than real-time. The proposed algorithm is a simple prototype algorithm capable of realtime analysis of audio in the frequency domain to identify whether lateral lisps are the dominant sibilant pronunciation in a given window. The method was only tested for a single test subject. However, a calibration algorithm capable of adjusting parameters to new individuals is proposed. The algorithm itself should be easily expandable to identify other speech impediments.}, subject = {Lispeln}, language = {en} } @unpublished{PtasczynskiBlaettermannGrebetal.2023, author = {Ptasczynski, Lena Esther and Bl{\"a}ttermann, Patrick and Greb, Fabian and Sterzer, Philipp and Steffens, Jochen}, title = {The vibe of musical and social reward: Listening to beat-based music acts as a surrogate for socioemotional support during the Covid-19 pandemic}, series = {Research Square}, journal = {Research Square}, edition = {v1}, publisher = {Research Square}, doi = {10.21203/rs.3.rs-2529116/v1}, pages = {34}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Music listening is subjectively efficient in surrogating socioemotional needs during the Covid-19 pandemic, although underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We here challenge the generalizability of music-based coping by testing whether the insufficient satisfaction of distinct needs during the first lockdown entails enhanced listening to beat-based music with medium complexity (BBMMC) stimulating the cortico-striatal reward circuit and triggering oxytocinergic propagation. A Quasi-Bayesian mediation analysis on open-source data revealed that, across 11 European countries, more severe social distancing measures evoke a decline in experienced social provision (SP), in turn provoking BBMMC preferences. The latter was best predicted by the SP dimensions of social reward and attachment, suggesting that the partial overlap in neurophysiological processing at dopaminergic and oxytocinergic sites enables BBMMC to specifically alleviate these socioemotional needs, which has important implications for the development of mental health interventions. Finally, a stress-alleviating effect of BBMMC was found pointing towards HPA-activity modulation through music listening.}, subject = {Psychoakustik}, language = {en} } @article{VersuemerBlaettermannRosenthaletal.2025, author = {Vers{\"u}mer, Siegbert and Bl{\"a}ttermann, Patrick and Rosenthal, Fabian and Weinzierl, Stefan}, title = {A comparison of methods for modeling soundscape dimensions based on different datasets}, series = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America}, volume = {157}, journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America}, number = {1}, publisher = {AIP Publishing}, issn = {1520-8524}, doi = {10.1121/10.0034849}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-48849}, pages = {234 -- 255}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Soundscape studies vary considerably in study design, statistical methods, and model fit metrics used. Due to this confounding of data and methods, it is difficult to assess the suitability of statistical modelling techniques used in the literature. Therefore, five different methods and two performance metrics were applied to three existing soundscape datasets to model soundscape Pleasantness and Eventfulness based on seven acoustic and three sociodemographic predictors. Datasets differed in soundscape type (urban outdoor vs indoor), experimental setting (field- vs lab-based), size, and study design (site- vs person-centered). The fixed-effects and mixed-effects methods ranged from linear to nonlinear regression based on advanced machine learning approaches. Results showed that models performed better for Eventfulness than for Pleasantness in most cases, while performance as measured by the out-of-sample R2 was dependent on the total variance of the target, especially in both field studies with imbalanced targets and groups. Nonlinear methods consistently outperformed linear regression, with random forest and extreme gradient boosting performing particularly well, while the performance levels of all nonlinear methods remained comparable. Mixed-effects models provided a more generalized, albeit slightly smaller prediction performance when tested on unknown groups. Finally, this study motivates the use of cross-validation with special splitting for analyzing small imbalanced datasets.}, subject = {Akustische Eigenschaft}, language = {en} } @article{BenimCicek2023, author = {Benim, Ali Cemal and {\c{C}}i{\c{c}}ek, Ayd{\i}n}, title = {Comparative analysis of water and carbon dioxide injection for the thermohydraulics of an EGS project in Dikili Geothermal Field, T{\"u}rkiye}, series = {Bulletin Of The Mineral Research and Exploration}, volume = {171}, journal = {Bulletin Of The Mineral Research and Exploration}, publisher = {Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel M{\"u}d{\"u}rl{\"u}ğ{\"u}}, issn = {0026-4563}, doi = {10.19111/bulletinofmre.1288731}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-49115}, pages = {91 -- 105}, year = {2023}, abstract = {A comparative numerical analysis of the thermohydraulics of an enhanced geothermal system (EGS) project in T{\"u}rkiye in Dikili area is presented. The fractured granodiorite is modelled as porous media, utilizing the numerically suggested data of other authors for the corresponding hydraulic characteristics. As the heat transmission fluid, two different mediums are alternatively considered. These are the more classical medium, water and the supercritical Carbon Dioxide (sCO2). Transient calculations are performed for a time period of twenty years, comparing the temporally developing results obtained for water and sCO2 with each other. Based on modeling parameters and assumptions, higher production temperatures are observed with sCO2, in comparison to water, implying an advantage for sCO2 usage as a working fluid in EGS. This is accompanied by the further advantage of a lower pressure drop for sCO2. On the other hand, the temperature advantage is relativized by the lower specific heat capacity of sCO2 causing a decrease in the production thermal power. In general, the present re found to be encouraging for a further and more detailed analysis of the employment of sCO2 as working fluid in EGS.}, subject = {Numerische Str{\"o}mungssimulation}, language = {en} } @article{StruweWredeVennegeerts2023, author = {Struwe, Julian and Wrede, Holger and Vennegeerts, Hendrik}, title = {Validation Aspects for Grid-Forming Converters Based on System Characteristics and Inertia Impact}, series = {Energies}, volume = {16}, journal = {Energies}, number = {21}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {1996-1073}, doi = {10.3390/en16217357}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-48751}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Grid-forming converters are considered a key technology for electrical grids with a high share of renewable energy. However, there is a lack of a general, robust and verifiable definition of what constitutes this behaviour. Therefore, this paper presents three simple scenarios that enable such a definition. They are based on simple black-box simulations that allow manufacturers to protect their development work. It can be shown that grid forming can be clearly distinguished from grid-following controls by their grid behaviour in the proposed scenarios. Extensive results illustrate this and also provide suggestions to deepen the understanding of grid-forming grid behaviour and its impact on system inertia. These findings should inspire the development of a clear definition and ultimately new requirements for converter systems.}, subject = {Stromrichter}, language = {en} } @unpublished{YuwonoSchwungSchwung2024, author = {Yuwono, Steve and Schwung, Dorothea and Schwung, Andreas}, title = {Distributed Stackelberg Strategies in State-based Potential Games for Autonomous Decentralized Learning Manufacturing Systems}, publisher = {arXiv}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2408.06397}, pages = {14}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This article describes a novel game structure for autonomously optimizing decentralized manufacturing systems with multi-objective optimization challenges, namely Distributed Stackelberg Strategies in State-Based Potential Games (DS2-SbPG). DS2-SbPG integrates potential games and Stackelberg games, which improves the cooperative trade-off capabilities of potential games and the multi-objective optimization handling by Stackelberg games. Notably, all training procedures remain conducted in a fully distributed manner. DS2-SbPG offers a promising solution to finding optimal trade-offs between objectives by eliminating the complexities of setting up combined objective optimization functions for individual players in self- learning domains, particularly in real-world industrial settings with diverse and numerous objectives between the sub-systems. We further prove that DS2-SbPG constitutes a dynamic potential game that results in corresponding converge guarantees. Experimental validation conducted on a laboratory-scale testbed highlights the efficacy of DS2-SbPG and its two variants, such as DS2-SbPG for single-leader-follower and Stack DS2-SbPG for multi-leader-follower. The results show significant reductions in power consumption and improvements in overall performance, which signals the potential of DS2-SbPG in real-world applications.}, subject = {Maschinelles Lernen}, language = {en} } @unpublished{YuwonoSchwungSchwung2024, author = {Yuwono, Steve and Schwung, Dorothea and Schwung, Andreas}, title = {Transfer learning of state-based potential games for process optimization in decentralized manufacturing systems}, series = {arXiv}, journal = {arXiv}, publisher = {arXiv}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2408.05992}, pages = {48}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This paper presents a novel transfer learning approach in state-based potential games (TL-SbPGs) for enhancing distributed self-optimization in manufacturing systems. The approach focuses on the practical relevant industrial setting where sharing and transferring gained knowledge among similar-behaved players improves the self-learning mechanism in large-scale systems. With TL-SbPGs, the gained knowledge can be reused by other players to optimize their policies, thereby improving the learning outcomes of the players and accelerating the learning process. To accomplish this goal, we develop transfer learning concepts and similarity criteria for players, which offer two distinct settings: (a) predefined similarities between players and (b) dynamically inferred similarities between players during training. We formally prove the applicability of the SbPG framework in transfer learning. Additionally, we introduce an efficient method to determine the optimal timing and weighting of the transfer learning procedure during the training phase. Through experiments on a laboratory-scale testbed, we demonstrate that TL-SbPGs significantly boost production efficiency while reducing power consumption of the production schedules while also outperforming native SbPGs.}, subject = {Maschinelles Lernen}, language = {en} } @article{MildauEhlersMeisenburgetal.2024, author = {Mildau, Kevin and Ehlers, Henry and Meisenburg, Mara and Del Pup, Elena and Koetsier, Robert A. and Torres Ortega, Laura Rosina and de Jonge, Niek F. and Singh, Kumar Saurabh and Ferreira, Dora and Othibeng, Kgalaletso and Tugizimana, Fidele and Huber, Florian and van der Hooft, Justin J. J.}, title = {Effective data visualization strategies in untargeted metabolomics}, series = {Natural Product Reports}, journal = {Natural Product Reports}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, issn = {0265-0568}, doi = {10.1039/d4np00039k}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-47596}, pages = {38}, year = {2024}, abstract = {LC-MS/MS-based untargeted metabolomics is a rapidly developing research field spawning increasing numbers of computational metabolomics tools assisting researchers with their complex data processing, analysis, and interpretation tasks. In this article, we review the entire untargeted metabolomics workflow from the perspective of information visualization, visual analytics and visual data integration. Data visualization is a crucial step at every stage of the metabolomics workflow, where it provides core components of data inspection, evaluation, and sharing capabilities. However, due to the large number of available data analysis tools and corresponding visualization components, it is hard for both users and developers to get an overview of what is already available and which tools are suitable for their analysis. In addition, there is little cross-pollination between the fields of data visualization and metabolomics, leaving visual tools to be designed in a secondary and mostly ad hoc fashion. With this review, we aim to bridge the gap between the fields of untargeted metabolomics and data visualization. First, we introduce data visualization to the untargeted metabolomics field as a topic worthy of its own dedicated research, and provide a primer on cutting-edge visualization research into data visualization for both researchers as well as developers active in metabolomics. We extend this primer with a discussion of best practices for data visualization as they have emerged from data visualization studies. Second, we provide a practical roadmap to the visual tool landscape and its use within the untargeted metabolomics field. Here, for several computational analysis stages within the untargeted metabolomics workflow, we provide an overview of commonly used visual strategies with practical examples. In this context, we will also outline promising areas for further research and development. We end the review with a set of recommendations for developers and users on how to make the best use of visualizations for more effective and transparent communication of results.}, subject = {Metabolomik}, language = {en} } @article{KamiloğluSunBosetal.2024, author = {Kamiloğlu, Roza G. and Sun, Rui and Bos, Patrick and Huber, Florian and Attema, Jisk Jakob and Sauter, Disa A.}, title = {Tickling induces a unique type of spontaneous laughter}, series = {Biology Letters}, volume = {20}, journal = {Biology Letters}, number = {11}, publisher = {The Royal Society}, issn = {1744-957X}, doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2024.0543}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-47446}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Laughing is ubiquitous in human life, yet what causes it and how it sounds is highly variable. Considering this diversity, we sought to test whether there are fundamentally different kinds of laughter. Here, we sampled spontaneous laughs (n = 887) from a wide range of everyday situations (e.g. comedic performances and playful pranks). Machine learning analyses showed that laughs produced during tickling are acoustically distinct from laughs triggered by other kinds of events (verbal jokes, watching something funny or witnessing someone else's misfortune). In a listening experiment (n = 201), participants could accurately identify tickling-induced laughter, validating that such laughter is not only acoustically but also perceptually distinct. A second listening study (n = 210) combined with acoustic analyses indicates that tickling-induced laughter involves less vocal control than laughter produced in other contexts. Together, our results reveal a unique acoustic and perceptual profile of laughter induced by tickling, an evolutionarily ancient play behaviour, distinguishing it clearly from laughter caused by other triggers. This study showcases the power of machine learning in uncovering patterns within complex behavioural phenomena, providing a window into the evolutionary significance of ticking-induced laughter.}, subject = {Lachen}, language = {en} } @article{ThuemmlerEngelBartz2022, author = {Th{\"u}mmler, Ramona and Engel, Eva-Maria and Bartz, Janieta}, title = {Strengthening Emotional Development and Emotion Regulation in Childhood—As a Key Task in Early Childhood Education}, series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {19}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, number = {7}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {1660-4601}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19073978}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-46655}, pages = {11}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The following article deals with emotional development and the development of emotion regulation skills in children during early childhood education, focusing primarily on the importance of the early childhood teacher. Emotion regulation is important for success and wellbeing in further life. It is developed in interaction with parents as attachment figures. Teachers can also be important persons for the child in the context of bonding. This leads to the question of how early childhood teachers can support children learning to regulate their emotions. We analyze with the content analysis, four programs for promoting social and emotional skills that are currently used in Germany. The main question is if the programs include elements that increase teachers' skills in supporting the children in regulating their emotions. The categories to analyze the programs are derived from theories of teacher-child interaction. In addition to programs for promoting emotional and social development, we will discuss aspects of shaping interaction as essential elements in promoting emotion regulation. The conclusion outlines some key implications for educational practice and the importance of developing professional behavior for qualitative teacher-child interactions.}, subject = {Emotionsregulation}, language = {en} } @article{StelzmannCelikGerhold2024, author = {Stelzmann, Daniela and {\c{C}}elik, Fatma and Gerhold, Lars}, title = {Help-seeking Behavior of Adolescents and Emerging Adults with Mental Health Problems During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review}, series = {Kindheit und Entwicklung: Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Klinische Kinderpsychologie}, journal = {Kindheit und Entwicklung: Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Klinische Kinderpsychologie}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, issn = {0942-5403}, doi = {10.1026/0942-5403/a000463}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-44536}, pages = {224 -- 235}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Theoretical Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the mental health of many adolescents and emerging adults (A and EA). Studies from before the COVID-19 pandemic document that A and EA with mental health problems rarely seek help. At the same time, studies suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated framework conditions also negatively impacted the help-seeking process for A and EA. Objective: This study provides a research synthesis on A's and EA's help-seeking process (in particular, help-seeking behavior) during the COVID-19 pandemic and identifies potential influencing factors on the help-seeking process. Method: We conducted a scoping review in accordance with the framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley (2005) and adhered to the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews Guidelines (Tricco et al., 2018) while analyzing the content of primary studies examining the help-seeking process of A and EA with mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Fourteen primary studies met the inclusion criteria. The synthesized data indicate that increased psychological stress during the COVID-19 pandemic did not automatically lead to increased help-seeking behavior. Furthermore, we identified several factors influencing help-seeking behavior, such as personal factors (e. g., gender), factors linked to the social environment (e. g., open conversation style within the family), and structural factors (e. g., prolonged waiting periods) that influenced the help-seeking process. Notably, many of these factors had already been identified in prepandemic studies (e. g., gender). Discussion and conclusion: We discuss the results concerning possible prevention measures.}, subject = {COVID-19}, language = {en} } @unpublished{deJongeJoasTruongetal.2024, author = {de Jonge, Niek F. and Joas, David and Truong, Lem-Joe and van der Hooft, Justin J.J. and Huber, Florian}, title = {Reliable cross-ion mode chemical similarity prediction between MS2 spectra}, series = {biorxiv}, journal = {biorxiv}, publisher = {Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory}, doi = {10.1101/2024.03.25.586580}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Mass spectrometry is commonly used to characterize metabolites in untargeted metabolomics. This can be done in positive and negative ionization mode, a choice typically guided by the fraction of metabolites a researcher is interested in. During analysis, mass spectral comparisons are widely used to enable annotation through reference libraries and to facilitate data organization through networking. However, until now, such comparisons between mass spectra were restricted to mass spectra of the same ionization mode, as the two modes generally result in very distinct fragmentation spectra. To overcome this barrier, here, we have implemented a machine learning model that can predict chemical similarity between spectra of different ionization modes. Hence, our new MS2DeepScore 2.0 model facilitates the seamless integration of positive and negative ionization mode mass spectra into one analysis pipeline. This creates entirely new options for data exploration, such as mass spectral library searching of negative ion mode spectra in positive ion mode libraries or cross-ionization mode molecular networking. Furthermore, to improve the reliability of predictions and better cope with unseen data, we have implemented a method to estimate the quality of prediction. This will help to avoid false predictions on spectra with low information content or spectra that substantially differ from the training data. We anticipate that the MS2DeepScore 2.0 model will extend our current capabilities in organizing and annotating untargeted metabolomics profiles.}, subject = {Massenspektrometrie}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SteffensWeinzierl2023, author = {Steffens, Jochen and Weinzierl, Stefan}, title = {Noise for dinner - Towards a comprehensive statistical model of the acoustical and overall quality of restaurants}, series = {Proceedings of the 10th Convention of the European Acoustics Association Forum Acusticum 2023, September 11 - 15, 2023,Torino, Italy}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th Convention of the European Acoustics Association Forum Acusticum 2023, September 11 - 15, 2023,Torino, Italy}, editor = {Astolfi, Arianna and Asdrubali, Francesco and Shtrepi, Louena}, publisher = {European Acoustics Association}, address = {Turin, Italy}, isbn = {978-88-88942-67-4}, issn = {2221-3767}, doi = {10.61782/fa.2023.0483}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-47908}, pages = {3325 -- 3327}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Studies on noise in restaurants have shown a multitude of potential negative effects, for example related to mood, overall satisfaction, intended revisit, the ability to communicate and the actual behaviour in the room. In this paper, we investigated the complex interplay between room acoustics, soundscape evaluation, non-acoustical aspects of a restaurant visit and overall restaurant quality. Based on acoustical measurements and reports from 142 persons visiting 12 restaurants in Berlin, we propose a structural equation model including both acoustical and non- acoustical factors and yielding a good overall fit. The model, for instance, suggests that the A-weighted sound level negatively impacts the assessment of overall restaurant quality, while the effect of soundscape pleasantness on overall restaurant quality is mediated by the restaurant's perceived atmosphere. Moreover, the reverberation time was found to be effective predominantly through its effect on sound strength, which leads patrons to increasingly raise their speech level to ensure intelligibility. These results thus emphasize the need to design actively the restaurant's acoustical atmosphere beyond pure loudness reduction which involves a specific trade-off between comfort and liveliness, depending on the desired character of the place.}, subject = {European Acoustics Association}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{VonBergSchwoererPrinzetal.2023, author = {Von Berg, Markus and Schw{\"o}rer, Paul and Prinz, Lukas and Steffens, Jochen}, title = {Analysis of physical and perceptual properties of room impulse responses: development of an online tool}, series = {Proceedings of the 10th Convention of the European Acoustics Association Forum Acusticum 2023, September 11 - 15, 2023,Torino, Italy}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th Convention of the European Acoustics Association Forum Acusticum 2023, September 11 - 15, 2023,Torino, Italy}, editor = {Astolfi, Arianna and Asdrubali, Francesco and Shtrepi, Louena}, publisher = {European Acoustics Association}, address = {Turin, Italy}, isbn = {978-88-88942-67-4}, issn = {2221-3767}, doi = {10.61782/fa.2023.0480}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-47929}, pages = {1647 -- 1654}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Over the past decades, research in room acoustics has established several derivative measures of an impulse response, some of which are incorporated in the ISO 3382 standards. These parameters intend to represent perceptual qualities, but were developed without a consistent modeling of room acoustical perception. More recent research proposed comprehensive inventories of room acoustic perception that are purely based on evaluations by human subjects, such as the Room Acoustical Quality Index (RAQI). In this work RAQI scores acquired for 70 room impulse responses were predicted from room acoustical parameters. Except for Reverberance, the prediction of RAQI factors performed rather poor. In most cases, the sound source had a greater impact on RAQI scores. All analyses are published in an online tool, where users can upload omnidirectional and binaural impulse responses, and instantly obtain and visualize several physical descriptors, as well as predicted RAQI scores for three different sound sources. So far, acceptable prediction accuracy is achieved for Reverberance, Strength, Irregular Decay, Clarity and Intimacy. Larger data sets of evaluated impulse responses are required to improve the model performance and enable reliable predictions of room acoustical quality. Therefore, the administration of RAQI evaluations within the website is currently being developed.}, subject = {Raumakustik}, language = {en} } @unpublished{YuwonoLoeppenbergSchwungetal.2024, author = {Yuwono, Steve and L{\"o}ppenberg, Marlon and Schwung, Dorothea and Schwung, Andreas}, title = {Gradient-based Learning in State-based Potential Games for Self-Learning Production Systems}, series = {arxiv}, journal = {arxiv}, publisher = {arxiv}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2406.10015}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In this paper, we introduce novel gradient-based optimization methods for state-based potential games (SbPGs) within self-learning distributed production systems. SbPGs are recognised for their efficacy in enabling self-optimizing distributed multi-agent systems and offer a proven convergence guarantee, which facilitates collaborative player efforts towards global objectives. Our study strives to replace conventional ad-hoc random exploration-based learning in SbPGs with contemporary gradient-based approaches, which aim for faster convergence and smoother exploration dynamics, thereby shortening training duration while upholding the efficacy of SbPGs. Moreover, we propose three distinct variants for estimating the objective function of gradient-based learning, each developed to suit the unique characteristics of the systems under consideration. To validate our methodology, we apply it to a laboratory testbed, namely Bulk Good Laboratory Plant, which represents a smart and flexible distributed multi-agent production system. The incorporation of gradient-based learning in SbPGs reduces training times and achieves more optimal policies than its baseline.}, subject = {Maschinelles Lernen}, language = {en} } @article{BaşaranBenim2024, author = {Ba{\c{s}}aran, An{\i}l and Benim, Ali Cemal}, title = {Development of Correlations Based on CFD Study for Microchannel Condensation Flow of Environmentally Friendly Hydrocarbon Refrigerants}, series = {Energies}, volume = {17}, journal = {Energies}, number = {7}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {1996-1073}, doi = {10.3390/en17071531}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-46398}, pages = {21}, year = {2024}, abstract = {A CFD simulation of the condensation flow of R600a and R290 within microchannels was conducted to explore the effect of mass flux, hydraulic diameter, and vapour quality on heat transfer rate and pressure drop. Data obtained from CFD simulations were used to develop new heat transfer and pressure drop correlations for the condensation flows of R600a and R290, which are climate-friendly refrigerants. Steady-state numerical simulations of condensation flow of refrigerants were carried out inside a single circular microchannel with diameters varying between 0.2 and 0.6 mm. The volume of fluid approach was used in the proposed model, calculating the interface phase change using the Lee model. The CFD simulation model was validated via a comparison of the simulation results with the experimental data available in the literature. It is found that the newly developed Nu number correlation shows a deviation, with an Ave-MAE of 11.16\%, compared to those obtained by CFD simulation. Similarly, the deviation between friction factors obtained by the newly proposed correlation and those obtained by CFD simulation is 20.81\% Ave-MAE. Widely recognized correlations that are applicable to the condensation of refrigerants within small-scale channels were also evaluated by comparing newly developed correlations. It is concluded that the newly proposed correlation has a higher accuracy in predicting the heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop. This situation can contribute to the creation of a sustainable system via the use of microchannels and climate-friendly refrigerants, like R600a and R290.}, subject = {Druckabfall}, language = {en} } @article{YalcınkayaDurmazTepeetal.2024, author = {Yal{\c{c}}{\i}nkaya, Orhan and Durmaz, Ufuk and Tepe, Ahmet {\"U}mit and Benim, Ali Cemal and Uysal, {\"U}nal}, title = {Heat and Flow Characteristics of Aerofoil-Shaped Fins on a Curved Target Surface in a Confined Channel for an Impinging Jet Array}, series = {Energies}, volume = {17}, journal = {Energies}, number = {5}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {1996-1073}, doi = {10.3390/en17051238}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-46387}, pages = {21}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The main purpose of this investigation was to explore the heat transfer and flow characteristics of aero-foil-shaped fins combined with extended jet holes, specifically focusing on their feasibility in cooling turbine blades. In this study, a comprehensive investigation was carried out by applying impinging jet array cooling (IJAC) on a semi-circular curved surface, which was roughened using aerofoil-shaped fins. Numerical computations were conducted under three different Reynolds numbers (Re) ranging from 5000 to 25,000, while nozzle-to-target surface spacings (S/d) ranged from 0.5 to 8.0. Furthermore, an assessment was made of the impact of different fin arrangements, single-row (L1), double-row (L2), and triple-row (L3), on convective heat transfer. Detailed examinations were performed on area-averaged and local Nusselt (Nu) numbers, flow properties, and the thermal performance criterion (TPC) on finned and smooth target surfaces. The study's results revealed that the use of aerofoil-shaped fins and the reduction in S/d, along with surface roughening, led to significant increases in the local and area-averaged Nu numbers compared to the conventional IJAC scheme. The most notable heat transfer enhancement was observed at S/d = 0.5 utilizing extended jets and the surface design incorporating aerofoil-shaped fins. Under these specific conditions, the maximum heat transfer enhancement reached 52.81\%. Moreover, the investigation also demonstrated that the highest TPC on the finned surface was achieved when S/d = 2.0 for L2 at Re = 25,000, resulting in a TPC value of 1.12. Furthermore, reducing S/d and mounting aerofoil-shaped fins on the surface yielded a more uniform heat transfer distribution on the relevant surface than IJAC with a smooth surface, ensuring a relatively more uniform heat transfer distribution to minimize the risk of localized overheating.}, subject = {Beschaufelung}, language = {en} } @article{Benim2024, author = {Benim, Ali Cemal}, title = {Investigation into the Computational Analysis of High-Speed Microjet Hydrogen-Air Diffusion Flames}, series = {Fire}, volume = {7}, journal = {Fire}, number = {9}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2571-6255}, doi = {10.3390/fire7090314}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-46345}, pages = {23}, year = {2024}, abstract = {High-speed microjet hydrogen-air diffusion flames are investigated computationally. The focus is on the prediction of the so-called bottleneck phenomenon. The latter has been previously observed as a specific feature of the present flame class and has not yet been investigated computationally. In the configuration under consideration, the nozzle diameter is 0.5 mm and six cases with mean nozzle injection velocities (U) between 306 m/s and 561 m/s are considered. The flow in the nozzle lance is analyzed separately to obtain detailed inlet boundary conditions for the flame calculations. It is confirmed by calculation that the phenomenon is mainly determined by the transition to turbulence in the initial parts of the free jet. The transitional turbulence proves to be the biggest challenge in predicting this class of flames, as the generally available turbulence and turbulent combustion models reach the limits of their validity in transitional flows. In a Reynolds-Averaged Numerical Simulation framework, the Shear Stress Transport model is found to perform better than alternative two-equation models and is used as the turbulence model. By neglecting the interactions between the turbulence and chemistry (no-model approach), it is possible to predict the morphology of the bottleneck flame and its dependence on U qualitatively. However, the position of the bottleneck is overpredicted for U \< 561 m/s. The experimental flames in the considered U range are all attached to the nozzle. This is also predicted by the no-model approach. The Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC) used as the turbulence combustion model predicts, however, lifted flames (with increasing lift-off height as U decreases). With the EDC, no bottleneck morphology is observed for U = 561 m/s. For lower U, the EDC results for the bottleneck position are generally closer to the measurements. It is demonstrated that accuracy in predicting the bottleneck position can be improved by ad hoc modifications of the turbulent viscosity.}, subject = {Turbulenzmodell}, language = {en} } @article{TanHantschkeKaminskietal.2021, author = {Tan, Zhaofeng and Hantschke, Luisa and Kaminski, Martin and Acir, Ismail-Hakki and Bohn, Birger and Cho, Changmin and Dorn, Hans-Peter and Li, Xin and Novelli, Anna and Nehr, Sascha and Rohrer, Franz and Tillmann, Ralf and Wegener, Robert and Hofzumahaus, Andreas and Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid and Wahner, Andreas and Fuchs, Hendrik}, title = {Atmospheric photo-oxidation of myrcene: OH reaction rate constant, gas-phase oxidation products and radical budgets}, series = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics}, volume = {21}, journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics}, number = {20}, publisher = {Copernicus GmbH}, issn = {1680-7324}, doi = {10.5194/acp-21-16067-2021}, pages = {16067 -- 16091}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Abstract. The photo-oxidation of myrcene, a monoterpene species emitted by plants, was investigated at atmospheric conditions in the outdoor simulation chamber SAPHIR (Simulation of Atmospheric PHotochemistry In a Large Reaction Chamber). The chemical structure of myrcene consists of one moiety that is a conjugated π system (similar to isoprene) and another moiety that is a triple-substituted olefinic unit (similar to 2-methyl-2-butene). Hydrogen shift reactions of organic peroxy radicals (RO2) formed in the reaction of isoprene with atmospheric OH radicals are known to be of importance for the regeneration of OH. Structure-activity relationships (SARs) suggest that similar hydrogen shift reactions like in isoprene may apply to the isoprenyl part of RO2 radicals formed during the OH oxidation of myrcene. In addition, SAR predicts further isomerization reactions that would be competitive with bimolecular RO2 reactions for chemical conditions that are typical for forested environments with low concentrations of nitric oxide. Assuming that OH peroxy radicals can rapidly interconvert by addition and elimination of O2 like in isoprene, bulk isomerization rate constants of 0.21 and 0.097 s-1 (T=298 K) for the three isomers resulting from the 3′-OH and 1-OH addition, respectively, can be derived from SAR. Measurements of radicals and trace gases in the experiments allowed us to calculate radical production and destruction rates, which are expected to be balanced. The largest discrepancies between production and destruction rates were found for RO2. Additional loss of organic peroxy radicals due to isomerization reactions could explain the observed discrepancies. The uncertainty of the total radical (ROx=OH+HO2+RO2) production rates was high due to the uncertainty in the yield of radicals from myrcene ozonolysis. However, results indicate that radical production can only be balanced if the reaction rate constant of the reaction between hydroperoxy (HO2) and RO2 radicals derived from myrcene is lower (0.9 to 1.6×10-11 cm3 s-1) than predicted by SAR. Another explanation of the discrepancies would be that a significant fraction of products (yield: 0.3 to 0.6) from these reactions include OH and HO2 radicals instead of radical-terminating organic peroxides. Experiments also allowed us to determine the yields of organic oxidation products acetone (yield: 0.45±0.08) and formaldehyde (yield: 0.35±0.08). Acetone and formaldehyde are produced from different oxidation pathways, so that yields of these compounds reflect the branching ratios of the initial OH addition to myrcene. Yields determined in the experiments are consistent with branching ratios expected from SAR. The yield of organic nitrate was determined from the gas-phase budget analysis of reactive oxidized nitrogen in the chamber, giving a value of 0.13±0.03. In addition, the reaction rate constant for myrcene + OH was determined from the measured myrcene concentration, yielding a value of (2.3±0.3)×10-10 cm3 s-1.}, language = {en} } @article{BausNehr2022, author = {Baus, Lukas and Nehr, Sascha}, title = {Potentials and limitations of direct air capturing in the built environment}, series = {Building and Environment}, volume = {208}, journal = {Building and Environment}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {0360-1323}, doi = {10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108629}, year = {2022}, abstract = {This concept study presents an approach for resolving the trade-off between energy-efficient building operation and the provision of hygienically harmless indoor air quality. A novel coupling of HVAC-systems (heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems) with DAC-technology (direct air capturing technology) is proposed to separate CO2 in the exhaust air of buildings and recirculate the CO2-depleted air back into the building. In a mainly theoretical approach, the corresponding potentials and limitations of the novel HVAC/DAC-coupling in recirculation mode are evaluated. For that purpose, CO2-loads in the feed and exhaust air of four buildings located in Germany were measured using calibrated non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) sensors with pyroelectric detection principle. Subsequent numerical model simulations resort to typical meteorological data as well as building operation parameters grouped in different scenarios. The measurement and simulation results were assessed with regard to: (i) the unique possibilities of a HVAC/DAC-coupling in recirculation mode for the improvement of indoor air quality, (ii) the energy saving potentials through reduced air conditioning requirements enabled by a HVAC/DAC-coupling in recirculation mode, and (iii) the potential allocation of CO2 separated from building exhaust air for energetic and/or material reutilization in decentralized systems. In conclusion, a HVAC/DAC-coupling in recirculation mode can not only reduce the energy demand of buildings but also facilitates access to unutilized CO2-resources transported in the built environment and additionally offers the potential to improve indoor air quality. However, a suitable DAC module for operation in indoor air is not yet commercially available.}, language = {en} } @article{AlvarezCarslawDusanteretal.2022, author = {Alvarez, Elena G{\´o}mez and Carslaw, Nicola and Dusanter, S{\´e}bastien and Edwards, Pete and G{\´a}bor Mihucz, Viktor and Heard, Dwayne and Kleffmann, J{\"o}rg and Nehr, Sascha and Schoemacker, Coralie and Venables, Dean}, title = {Techniques for measuring indoor radicals and radical precursors}, series = {Applied Spectroscopy Reviews}, volume = {57}, journal = {Applied Spectroscopy Reviews}, number = {7}, publisher = {Informa UK Limited}, issn = {0570-4928}, doi = {10.1080/05704928.2022.2087666}, pages = {580 -- 624}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Radicals and their precursors play a central role in the chemical transformations occurring in indoor air and on indoor surfaces. Such species include OH, HO2, peroxy radicals, nitrous acid, reactive chlorine species, NO3, N2O5, Criegee intermediates, and glyoxal and methylglyoxal. Recent advances on instrumental analysis and modeling studies have demonstrated the need for a wider range of measurements of radical species and their precursors in indoor air. This work reviews measurement techniques and provides considerations for indoor measurements of several radicals and their precursors. Techniques to determine the actinic flux are also presented owing to the relevance of photolytically-initiated processes indoors. This review is also intended to provide pointers for those wanting to learn more about measurements of radicals indoors.}, language = {en} } @article{PangNovelliKaminskietal.2022, author = {Pang, Jacky Yat Sing and Novelli, Anna and Kaminski, Martin and Acir, Ismail-Hakki and Bohn, Birger and Carlsson, Philip T. M. and Cho, Changmin and Dorn, Hans-Peter and Hofzumahaus, Andreas and Li, Xin and Lutz, Anna and Nehr, Sascha and Reimer, David and Rohrer, Franz and Tillmann, Ralf and Wegener, Robert and Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid and Wahner, Andreas and Fuchs, Hendrik}, title = {Investigation of the limonene photooxidation by OH at different NO concentrations in the atmospheric simulation chamber SAPHIR (Simulation of Atmospheric PHotochemistry In a large Reaction Chamber)}, series = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics}, volume = {22}, journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics}, number = {13}, publisher = {Copernicus}, issn = {1680-7324}, doi = {10.5194/acp-22-8497-2022}, pages = {8497 -- 8527}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Abstract. The oxidation of limonene by the hydroxyl (OH) radical and ozone (O3) was investigated in the atmospheric simulation chamber SAPHIR (Simulation of Atmospheric PHotochemistry In a large Reaction Chamber) in experiments performed at different nitric oxide (NO) mixing ratios from nearly 0 up to 10 ppbv. For the experiments dominated by OH oxidation, the formaldehyde (HCHO) yield was experimentally determined and found to be (12 ± 3), (13 ± 3), and (32 ± 5) \% for experiments with low (∼ 0.1 ppbv), medium (∼ 0.3 ppbv), and high NO (5 to 10 ppbv), respectively. The yield in an ozonolysis-only experiment was (10 ± 1) \%, which agrees with previous laboratory studies. The experimental yield of the first-generation organic nitrates from limonene-OH oxidation is calculated as (34 ± 5) \%, about 11 \% higher than the value in the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM), which is derived from structure-activity relationships (SARs). Time series of measured radicals, trace-gas concentrations, and OH reactivity are compared to results from zero-dimensional chemical box model calculations applying MCM v3.3.1. Modeled OH reactivity is 5 to 10 s-1 (25 \% to 33 \% of the OH reactivity at the start of the experiment) higher than measured values at the end of the experiments under all chemical conditions investigated, suggesting either that there are unaccounted loss processes of limonene oxidation products or that products are less reactive toward OH. In addition, model calculations underestimate measured hydroperoxyl radical (HO2) concentrations by 20 \% to 90 \% and overestimate organic peroxyl radical (RO2) concentrations by 50 \% to 300 \%. The largest deviations are found in low-NO experiments and in the ozonolysis experiment. An OH radical budget analysis, which uses only measured quantities, shows that the budget is closed in most of the experiments. A similar budget analysis for RO2 radicals suggests that an additional RO2 loss rate constant of about (1-6) × 10-2 s-1 for first-generation RO2 is required to match the measured RO2 concentrations in all experiments. Sensitivity model runs indicate that additional reactions converting RO2 to HO2 at a rate constant of about (1.7-3.0) × 10-2 s-1 would improve the model-measurement agreement of NOx, HO2, and RO2 concentrations and OH reactivity. Reaction pathways that could lead to the production of additional OH and HO2 are discussed, which include isomerization reactions of RO2 from the oxidation of limonene, different branching ratios for the reaction of RO2 with HO2, and a faster rate constant for RO2 recombination reactions. As the exact chemical mechanisms of the additional HO2 and OH sources could not be identified, further work needs to focus on quantifying organic product species and organic peroxy radicals from limonene oxidation.}, language = {en} } @article{NehrJaeckel2023, author = {Nehr, Sascha and J{\"a}ckel, Simon}, title = {Successful Innovation Transfer through Pre-Standardization: A Case Study}, series = {Standards}, volume = {3}, journal = {Standards}, number = {1}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2305-6703}, doi = {10.3390/standards3010004}, pages = {31 -- 42}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This study presents an approach to structure, analyze and evaluate corporate standardization processes using the example of pre-standardization for the reduction of environmental impacts in product design and development. For this purpose, we give a detailed description of the evolution of the European Standard EN 16524 entitled "Mechanical products—Methodology for reduction of environmental impacts in product design and development". The standardization strategy behind the evolution of EN 16524 is analyzed using the approach of a Business Model Canvas combined with an evaluation using pre-defined success factors. Moreover, we derive general recommendations for corporate standardization professionals in checklists for each field of the underlying Business Model Canvas. With regard to the case study depicted here, we come to the conclusion that pre-standards are especially suited for innovation transfer in the field of emerging and rapidly evolving scientific and technical results.}, language = {en} } @article{NehrDuarteAlmeidaetal.2023, author = {Nehr, Sascha and Duarte, Regina M. B. O. and Almeida, Antoine S. and Baus, Lukas and Bergmann, Karl-Christian}, title = {Assessing the relevance of allergenic pollen in indoor environments—current knowledge base and research needs}, series = {Allergo Journal International}, volume = {32}, journal = {Allergo Journal International}, number = {6}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, issn = {2197-0378}, doi = {10.1007/s40629-023-00251-y}, pages = {167 -- 175}, year = {2023}, abstract = {SummaryAirborne pollen allergens—a relevant component of bioaerosols and, therefore, of airborne particulate matter—are considered an important metric in air quality assessments. Although the measurement of airborne pollen allergen concentrations in outdoor environments (namely, in urban areas) has been recognized as a key environmental health indicator, no such obligation exists for indoor environments (dwellings or occupational settings). However, people spend most of their daily time (80-90\%) indoors, where the majority of their exposure to air pollution, including pollen allergens, occurs. Nonetheless, the relative importance of airborne pollen allergen exposure indoors differs from outdoors because of differences in pollen loads, sources, dispersion, and degree of penetration from the outdoor surroundings, as well as the differences in the allergenic pollen profiles. In this brief review, we mined the literature over the last 10 years to summarize what existing measurements reveal about the relevance of airborne allergenic pollen in indoor environments. The research priorities on this topic are presented, highlighting the challenges and the motivations for obtaining pollen data in built environments which are key to understand the extent and mechanisms of human exposure to airborne pollen allergens. Thus, we provide a comprehensive assessment of the relevance of airborne allergenic pollen in indoor environments, highlighting knowledge gaps and research needs related to their health effects.}, language = {en} } @article{SaffellNehr2023, author = {Saffell, John and Nehr, Sascha}, title = {Improving Indoor Air Quality through Standardization}, series = {Standards}, volume = {3}, journal = {Standards}, number = {3}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2305-6703}, doi = {10.3390/standards3030019}, pages = {240 -- 267}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Human beings experience a large fraction of their exposure to air pollutants in indoor environments. Air pollution is a large environmental health risk, and exposure to ambient air pollution and indoor air pollution contribute equally to the total number of fatalities worldwide. Although legislative authorities have established limit values for ambient outdoor air and stack emissions, there are inconsistent and variable national and regional limit values for gaseous substances and airborne particulate matter in the built environment (schools, homes, healthcare facilities, offices, and other public spaces). This lack of regulation is unsurprising, because indoor spaces are characterized by complex air chemistry, and their construction materials and types of activities vary significantly. The current understanding of indoor pollutants, including short-lived oxidants, degradation of VOCs, particle formation, and particle composition, is incomplete. It is necessary to identify and assess emerging pollutants and their toxicity, and to consider new consumer products and green construction materials and their impact on indoor air quality (IAQ). Learning from IAQ surveys and audit protocols, research methodologies should be regularized for cross-research comparisons. Some indoor air quality guidance and standards have been written, and several more are in development, with the international ISO 16000 series of indoor standards leading the way for improving indoor air data quality. The WHO has established some ambient air limit values which can mostly be translated into indoor limit values. The built environment needs to harmonize energy efficiency, thermal comfort and air quality standards and guidance. In this review, we discuss the next steps for improving international, regional and national standards and guidance, leading to better and more complete indoor air quality regulations.}, language = {en} } @article{BausNehrMaeda2023, author = {Baus, Lukas and Nehr, Sascha and Maeda, Nobutaka}, title = {Investigation of CO2-Sorption Characteristics of Readily Available Solid Materials for Indoor Direct Air Capturing}, series = {Indoor Air}, volume = {2023}, journal = {Indoor Air}, editor = {Ming, Ting Zhen}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {1600-0668}, doi = {10.1155/2023/8821044}, pages = {1 -- 8}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Direct air capturing (DAC) is an energy demanding process for CO2-removal from air. Ongoing research focuses on the potential of indoor air as DAC-feed to profit from currently unused energetic synergies between DAC and the built environment. In this work, we investigated the performance of three different readily available, solid DAC-adsorbers under typical indoor environmental conditions of 16-25°C, 25-60\% relative humidity (RH), and CO2-concentrations of less than 800 ppm above atmospheric concentrations. The measured mass-specific CO2-adsorption capacities of K2CO3-impregnated activated carbon, polyethylenimine-snow (PEI-snow), and polyethylenimine (PEI) on silica a amount to 6.5 ± 0.3 mg g-1, 52.9 ± 4.9 mg g-1, and 56.9 ± 4.2 mg g-1, respectively. Among the three investigated adsorber materials, PEI on silica is the most promising candidate for DAC-applications as its synthesis is rather simple, the CO2-desorption is feasible at moderate conditions of about 80°C at 100 mbar, and the competing co-adsorption of water does not strongly affect the CO2-adsorption under the investigated experimental conditions.}, language = {en} } @article{CarslawBekoeLangeretal.2024, author = {Carslaw, Nicola and Bek{\"o}, Gabriel and Langer, Sarka and Schoemaecker, Coralie and Mihucz, Victor G. and Dudzinska, Marzenna and Wiesen, Peter and Nehr, Sascha and Huttunen, Kati and Querol, Xavier and Shaw, David}, title = {A new framework for indoor air chemistry measurements: Towards a better understanding of indoor air pollution}, series = {Indoor Environments}, volume = {1}, journal = {Indoor Environments}, number = {1}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {2950-3620}, doi = {10.1016/j.indenv.2023.100001}, year = {2024}, language = {en} }