@inproceedings{StaehlerWeyersHoffmannetal.2025, author = {St{\"a}hler, Lisa and Weyers, Simone and Hoffmann, Barbara and Soppa, Vanessa and Oberwinster, Lukas and Weber, Konradin and Pohl, Tobias and Kuß, Oliver and Lang, Alexander and Pischke, Claudia}, title = {UNITY: Multistrategische Intervention zur F{\"o}rderung von Radmobilit{\"a}t, Gesundheit und Nachhaltigkeit im Rahmen der Stadtentwicklung D{\"u}sseldorf [Vortragsabstract]}, series = {60. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sozialmedizin und Pr{\"a}vention (DGSMP) Teilhabe und Ko-Kreation, 17. - 19. September 2025, Berlin}, booktitle = {60. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sozialmedizin und Pr{\"a}vention (DGSMP) Teilhabe und Ko-Kreation, 17. - 19. September 2025, Berlin}, year = {2025}, subject = {Stadtplanung}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{GonzalezRialDinardoPadillaetal.2024, author = {Gonz{\´a}lez Rial, Gabriel and Dinardo, Daniel and Padilla, Germ{\´a}n D. and Barrancos, Jos{\´e} and Hern{\´a}ndez, Pedro A. and P{\´e}rez, Nemesio M. and Weber, Konradin and Fischer, Christian and Amend, Detlef}, title = {Remake of the low cost carbon dioxide sensor of the carbon dioxide network deployed by INVOLCAN in the urban areas of Puerto Naos and La Bombilla, La Palma, Canary Islands}, series = {European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14-19 Apr 2024}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14-19 Apr 2024}, number = {EGU24-19641}, publisher = {Copernicus}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu24-19641}, year = {2024}, abstract = {An anomalous CO2 degassing appeared by the end of Tajogaite eruption (North-West flank of Cumbre Vieja volcano ridge, La Palma, Canary Islands), in the neighborhoods of La Bombilla and Puerto Naos at about 6 km distance from the volcanic vent. The areas affected by the anomalous CO2 degassing were not directly affected by lava flows during the eruptive period. After the eruption, and due to this strong volcanic-hydrothermal carbon dioxide emissions (CO2 5-20\%) were included in the exclusion zone. CO2 is an invisible toxic gas, as well as asphyxiating, and may be lethal when is present in concentrations higher than 14\%. During the post-eruptive period, INVOLCAN deployed its own indoor and outdoor CO2 monitoring networks in collaboration with other institutions, with the aim of delimitating the anomalous CO2 degassing areas, paying attention to those areas where CO2 air concentration exceeds hazardous thresholds. The number of monitoring stations were increasing to cover most of the homes, garages, basements, and local businesses. The first monitoring network were based on a LILYGO; TTGO T-SIM7000G electroniccard, previously programmed with an unstable algorithm that caused problems during the measurements. After some implementations to enhance the stability of the sensor, a new algorithm was developed that consists of the acquisition of ambient values every 5 seconds, applying a Moving Average Filter in every measurement to avoid outliers. The SIM card integrated in the hardware allows the data transmission to an MQTT broker where the values are published every 5 minutes, recollecting them in a unique Raspberry Pi 4 Model B located at the INVOLCAN headquarters, that reads and stores the data in two databases (InfluxDB and Google Sheets). The visualization of the values are done through Grafana Cloud, recollecting the data from InfluxDB and showing them distributed as tables and a geographic map that illustrates the concentration in the measurement points. The difference between this and the last storing is the flexibility when visualizing the data, that can be transformed to different kind of plots as mentioned. Moreover, an API for the management of each subsystem is created using PyQT, allowing to the user the calibration of the sensors in remote, as well as executing a soft reboot, or the integration of deeper parameters like the sensor mode (manual polling, streaming or command mode) or pressure data. Two of the 20 devices have been successfully installed and they are working correctly in La Palma, meanwhile an amount of 18 devices are being tested and recollecting properly with better stability in CO2 concentration measurements at our laboratory and will be installed indoor in different locations soon. The remaking of the algorithm allows to forget previous problems of wrong data and disconnections, obtaining accurate data compared to commercial sensors and helping the operator to configure and control the sensors without moving to conflicting locations.}, subject = {Vortrag}, language = {en} } @article{StrucksWatermannWeberetal.2021, author = {Strucks, Peter and Watermann, Clara and Weber, Konradin and Kaluza, Stefan}, title = {Systematic Investigations of Vibrational and Fluid-Mechanical Stability of Coated Monolithic Catalysts}, series = {Chemie Ingenieur Technik}, volume = {93}, journal = {Chemie Ingenieur Technik}, number = {5}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {1522-2640}, doi = {10.1002/cite.202000233}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-28930}, pages = {1 -- 6}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Heterogeneous catalysts usually consist of porous, inorganic materials. Especially in the mobile application, e.g., in exhaust gas catalysis as a part of the gas line of an engine, there are loads due to vibrations and high gas velocities. It can be assumed that physical stress will lead to a loss of the catalytically active coating. The present contribution describes experimental setups and methods for a systematic and reproducible investigation of the main influences to the mass loss due to vibrational and fluid-mechanical stress caused by particle-free gas flows.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WeberFischerAmend2020, author = {Weber, Konradin and Fischer, Christian and Amend, Detlef}, title = {A new development of drop-sondes for the measurement of CO2-concentrations at extended volcanic areas}, series = {Physics of Volcanoes 2020}, booktitle = {Physics of Volcanoes 2020}, pages = {32}, year = {2020}, abstract = {One of the main compounds emitted by volcanoes or volcanic fields is CO2. This is not only emitted from localized craters, but can emerge as distributed and fugitive emissions on extended volcanic areas. In this situation it is of interest to explore the distribution and horizontal concentration profiles of the CO2-emissions. For this purpose new drop-sondes for sensor measurements of CO2 emissions are under development at the Duesseldorf University of Applied Sciences. These drop-sondes are designed to be dropped from aircraft or drones over volcanic areas in order to map the distributed CO2 concentrations over longer times in an unattended way. They are very lightweight and cheap, so that a large number of drop-sondes might be deployed even over remote areas or regions with difficult access. The data are transmitted with GSM broadcasting and can be visualized on a geographical map. The drop-sondes use an NDIR CO2 sensor as a base for the measurement unit. Additionally to CO2 the atmospheric pressure, temperature and humidity are measured. The sensor unit is mounted in a special shock absorbing housing, which is designed to absorb impacts from the touch down after dropping of the sensor and is able to resist even adverse weather conditions. First measurement results and more details of the design of the sensor unit will be presented in this contribution}, subject = {Sonde}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PohlWeberFischeretal.2019, author = {Pohl, Tobias and Weber, Konradin and Fischer, Christian and Kramer, Tim}, title = {Investigation of the Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Ultrafine Particles with Stationary and Mobile Measurements at the International Airport in Duesseldorf}, series = {European Aerosol Conference 2019, 25.-30. August 2019, Gothenburg, Sweden}, booktitle = {European Aerosol Conference 2019, 25.-30. August 2019, Gothenburg, Sweden}, year = {2019}, subject = {Feinstaub}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WeberKramerFischeretal.2019, author = {Weber, Konradin and Kramer, Tim and Fischer, Christian and Pohl, Tobias and B{\"o}hlke, Christoph}, title = {Evaluation of low cost and mid cost sensors for fine particulate matter at urban sites}, series = {Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2019}, volume = {21}, booktitle = {Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2019}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, year = {2019}, abstract = {High ambient air concentrations of fine particulate matter are a problem in many European cities, especially in traffic loaded street canyons. Therefore, the introduction of traffic restricted or traffic reduced areas is discussed as a countermeasure in several towns. However, at that point it is not always clear, in what extent the restriction of traffic in presently overloaded streets causes the exceeding of limit values in other areas of the town after the redirection of the traffic. Presently this cannot be recorded appropriately, when the concentrations of fine particulate matter are monitored only at rarely distributed single points by the official measurement systems of the environmental state agencies. On the other hand, meanwhile there are low cost and mid cost sensors for the measurement of fine particulate matter available, which enable the parallel monitoring with many measurement systems in an extended area of the town. By this way, the effect of traffic restrictions on the distribution of fine particulate matter in the city can potentially be observed. However, at this point the question arises, how reliable the results are, which are delivered by the low and mid cost sensors for fine particulate matter. For this reason different low cost and mid cost sensors have been evaluated for this study and intercompared with certified reference measurement systems for fine particulate matter. The study comprised the sensors SDS011 (Nova Fitness), which is in use already for several citizen science projects in Germany, SPS30 (Sensirion), OPC-R1 (Alphasense), OPC-N2 (Alphasense) and OPC-N3 (Alphasense). This study was performed at urban sites in D{\"u}sseldorf (Germany) for several weeks and covered different traffic loads and different meteorological situations, in order to get representative results. As atmospheric humidity can influence the measurement results, the humidity was measured in parallel to the fine particulate matter. It could be shown that the validity of the measurement results of fine particulate matter could be improved, when the parallel readings of the humidity were taken into account.}, subject = {Messtechnik}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WeberThielkeFischer2019, author = {Weber, Konradin and Thielke, Jan and Fischer, Christian}, title = {Evaluation of selected physical parameters measured with smartphones}, series = {Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalische Gesellschaft e.V.}, booktitle = {Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalische Gesellschaft e.V.}, publisher = {Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft e.V.}, address = {Bad Honnef}, year = {2019}, subject = {Messtechnik}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WeberHewelingPohletal.2019, author = {Weber, Konradin and Heweling, Georg and Pohl, Tobias and Fischer, Christian and B{\"o}hlke, Christoph}, title = {Untersuchung der raum-zeitlichen Variabilit{\"a}t verschiedener Luftschadstoffe in der Innenstadt D{\"u}sseldorfs mit mobilen Messungen}, series = {Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft e.V.}, booktitle = {Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft e.V.}, publisher = {Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft e.V.}, address = {Bad Honnef}, year = {2019}, subject = {Luftverunreinigender Stoff}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{WeberKramerPohletal.2019, author = {Weber, Konradin and Kramer, Tim and Pohl, Tobias and Fischer, Christian}, title = {Evaluation und Vergleich von kosteng{\"u}nstigen Sensoren f{\"u}r Feinstaub}, series = {Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft e.V.}, booktitle = {Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft e.V.}, publisher = {Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft e.V.}, address = {Bad Honnef}, year = {2019}, subject = {Messtechnik}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{WeberKramerFischeretal.2019, author = {Weber, Konradin and Kramer, Tim and Fischer, Christian and Pohl, Tobias and B{\"o}hlke, Christoph}, title = {Application and Feld-Testing of Different Low Cost Sensors for Particulate Matter}, series = {European Aerosol Conference 2019, 25.-30. August 2019, Gothenburg, Sweden}, booktitle = {European Aerosol Conference 2019, 25.-30. August 2019, Gothenburg, Sweden}, year = {2019}, subject = {Messtechnik}, language = {en} } @article{NaraparajuLauLangeetal.2018, author = {Naraparaju, R. and Lau, H. and Lange, Martin and Fischer, Christian and Kramer, D. and Schulz, U. and Weber, Konradin}, title = {Integrated testing approach using a customized micro turbine for a volcanic ash and CMAS related degradation study of thermal barrier coatings}, series = {Surface and Coatings Technology}, volume = {337}, journal = {Surface and Coatings Technology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {0257-8972}, doi = {10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.01.030}, pages = {198 -- 208}, year = {2018}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MaasHoefertSchaeferetal.2018, author = {Maas, Peter and H{\"o}fert, Norbert and Sch{\"a}fer, Klaus and Weber, Konradin and Richter, Andreas}, title = {Standards VDI 4211 and VDI 4212 on passive FTIR and DOAS remote sensing techniques}, series = {Proceedings Volume 10786, Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XXIII; 107860W (2018)}, booktitle = {Proceedings Volume 10786, Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XXIII; 107860W (2018)}, editor = {Comer{\´o}n, Adolfo and Kassianov, Evgueni I. and Sch{\"a}fer, Klaus and Picard, Richard H. and Weber, Konradin}, publisher = {SPIE}, doi = {10.1117/12.2325145}, year = {2018}, language = {en} } @article{AsbachHellackSchumacheretal.2018, author = {Asbach, Christof and Hellack, Bryan and Schumacher, Stefan and B{\"a}ssler, Michael and Spreitzer, Michael and Pohl, Tobias and Weber, Konradin and Monz, Christian and Bieder, Stefan and Schultze, Thorsten and Todea, Ana Maria}, title = {Anwendungsm{\"o}glichkeiten und Grenzen kosteng{\"u}nstiger Feinstaubsensoren}, series = {Gefahrstoffe: Reinhaltung der Luft}, volume = {78}, journal = {Gefahrstoffe: Reinhaltung der Luft}, number = {6}, pages = {242 -- 250}, year = {2018}, subject = {Messtechnik}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{WeberKramerFischeretal.2018, author = {Weber, Konradin and Kramer, Tim and Fischer, Christian and Pohl, Tobias and Schulenberg, Malte and Heweling, Georg and B{\"o}hlke, Christoph}, title = {Testing and evaluation of low-cost sensors for fine particulate matter PM10 and PM2.5}, series = {Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2018}, volume = {20}, booktitle = {Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2018}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, year = {2018}, abstract = {It is well known from medical studies that fine particulate matter has adverse effects to human health. However, exceeding of limit values for fine particulate matter PM10 and PM2.5 is still a problem in major German cities. Therefore, fine particulate matter is monitored in Germany by environmental state agencies at fixed stations with certified instruments. These certified instruments are able to deliver reliable and high quality results. However, because of the costs of these certified instruments and the maintenance efforts, only few measurements stations are placed in the cities at places, which are regarded as representative for the air pollution. On the other hand, it is of interest to know the concentration of fine particulate matter in areas and at places, which are not covered by the fixed measurement stations of the environmental state agencies. In this situation citizen science projects started in Germany using low cost sensors for fine particulate matter. In principle, with these low cost sensors citizens could measure fine particulate matter at places and in situations of their interests. However, at that point the question of reliability of the low cost sensor data arises. Therefore the Duesseldorf University of Applied Sciences (HSD) in Germany started a project for the testing and evaluation of low-cost sensors. For this reason 20 low-cost sensor units have been built up based on the SDS 011 sensor of Nova Fitness Inc. within the Laboratory for Environmental Measurement Techniques at HSD. The sensor measurement data can be transferred into a network and can be visualized on a digital map. This testing and evaluation at HSD of the low-cost sensors comprised: • Short term and long term comparison studies within the laboratory and at different urban sites with a certifiedwide range aerosol measurement system (Grimm WRAS). • Short term and long term comparison studies within the laboratory and at different urban sites with mid-cost sensors (Alphasense AN2). • Intercomparison testing and evaluation of sensors of the same production charge. • Intercomparison testing and evaluation of sensors of different production charges. • Testing and evaluation of the sensors at different meteorological conditions. The results of this testing and evaluation will be presented at the conference. Moreover, the potential of additional applications for low-cost sensors, e.g. for mobile measurements (multicopter UAS, bicycles, pedestrians) or for the validation of air pollution models, will be discussed}, subject = {Messtechnik}, language = {en} } @techreport{AdamDreherEblingetal.2017, author = {Adam, Mario and Dreher, Martina and Ebling, Dirk and Knopp, Reinhold and Neef, Matthias and Niess, Robert and Pohl, Tobias and Stahl, Wilhelm and van Rießen, Anne and Waldow, Friederike and Weber, Konradin and Weis, Stephanie}, title = {LUST Forschungsprojekt - lebenswerte und umweltgerechte Stadt}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, organization = {Hochschule D{\"u}sseldorf}, isbn = {978-3-941334-43-4}, doi = {10.20385/978-3-941334-43-4}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-11458}, year = {2017}, abstract = {LUST (lebenswerte und umweltgerechte Stadt) ist ein interdisziplin{\"a}res Projekt der Fachbereiche Architektur, Maschinenbau und Verfahrenstechnik sowie Kultur- und Sozialwissenschaften der Hochschule D{\"u}sseldorf. Mittelpunkt des Projektes ist die fach{\"u}bergreifende Entwicklung neuer Konzepte f{\"u}r eine lebenswerte und umweltgerechte Stadt. Es wurde gef{\"o}rdert vom Land Nordrhein-Westfalen im Rahmen des Programms „FH Struktur".}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{WeberFischerLangeetal.2017, author = {Weber, Konradin and Fischer, Christian and Lange, Martin and Schulz, Uwe and Naraparaju, Ravisankar and Kramer, Dietmar}, title = {Design and construction of a testbed for the application of real volcanic ash from the Eyjafjallaj{\"o}kull and Grimsv{\"o}tn eruptions to microgas turbines}, series = {Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2017}, volume = {19}, booktitle = {Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2017}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, year = {2017}, abstract = {It is well known that volcanic ash clouds emitted from erupting volcanoes pose a considerable threat to the aviation. The volcanic ash particles can damage the turbine blades and their thermal barrier coatings as well as the bearings of the turbine. For a detailed investigation of this damaging effect a testbed was designed and constructed, which allowed to study the damaging effects of real volcanic ash to an especially for these investigations modified microgas turbine. The use of this microgas turbine had the advantage that it delivers near reality conditions, using kerosene and operating at similar temperatures as big turbines, but at a very cost effective level. The testbed consisted out of a disperser for the real volcanic ash and all the equipment needed to control the micro gas turbine. Moreover, in front and behind the microgas turbine the concentration and the distribution of the volcanic ash were measured online by optical particle counters (OPCs). The particle concentration and size distribution of the volcanic ash particles in the intake in front of the microgas turbine was measured by an optical particle counter (OPC) combined with an isokinetic intake. Behind the microgas turbine in the exhaust gas additionally to the measurement with a second OPC ash particles were caught with an impactor, in order to enable the later analysis with an electron microscope concerning the morphology to verify possible melting processes of the ash particles. This testbed is of high importance as it allows detailed investigations of the impact of volcanic ash to jet turbines and appropriate countermeasures.}, subject = {Vulkanismus}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WeberScharifiFischeretal.2017, author = {Weber, Konradin and Scharifi, Emad and Fischer, Christian and Pohl, Tobias and Lange, Martin and B{\"o}hlke, Christoph}, title = {Mobile measurements of air pollutants with an instrumented car in populated areas}, series = {Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2017}, volume = {19}, booktitle = {Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2017}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Detailed mobile measurement of gases and fine particulate matter has been reported in the literature to be suitable to exhibit the air pollutants concentration in populated areas. This concentration is linked to the increase of number of cars, construction areas, industries and other emission sources. However, fixed measurement stations, mostly operated by environmental agencies, are limited in numbers and cannot cover a large area in monitoring. For this reason, to overcome this drawback, mobile measurements of the variability of gases (such as O3, NO, NO2) and particulate matter concentration were carried out during this study using an instrumented car. This car was able to deliver measurement results of all these compounds in a large area. The experimental results in this work demonstrate a large spatial variability of gases and fine particulate matters mainly depended on the traffic density and the location. These effects are especially obvious in the city core and the high traffic roads. In terms of fine particulate matter, this becomes evident for PM 10 and PM 2.5, where the mass and number concentration increases with arriving these zones.}, subject = {Messtechnik}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WeberHewelingFischeretal.2017, author = {Weber, Konradin and Heweling, Georg and Fischer, Christian and Lange, Martin and B{\"o}hlke, Christoph}, title = {Octocopter investigation of the vertical and horizontal variation of ultrafine particles, fine particulate matter and soot in the traffic plume emitted from a Rhine river bridge in Duesseldorf, Germany}, series = {Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2017}, volume = {19}, booktitle = {Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2017}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, year = {2017}, abstract = {For this study an octocopter UAV was used for carrying an ultrafine (UFP) particle monitor, an optical particle counter (OPC) and a micro aethalometer. The UFP-monitor, based on electrical charging of UFPs, was able to count the number of UFPs and give an estimated mean diameter of the measured particles. The OPC, based on the particle induced light scattering of a laser beam, was able to detect aerosols in a size range of about 250 nm to 32 μm in 31 bins. The micro aethalometer measured the soot by optical attenuation of a light beam which is caused by carbon particulate matter. The octocopter with a lift off weight by 10.5 kg was especially designed and constructed at the University of Applied Sciences, Duesseldorf, for the measurement of air pollutants. It was equipped with eight 900 W electric engines and a pixhawk flight control. Technically this octocopter was able to climb up to altitudes of up to 2 km AGL. However, during this study an altitude range of several 10 meters was used. During this study about 60 octocopter flights were performed. The flights clearly revealed a plume of UFPs coming from the traffic on the bridge. This result was confirmed by various upwind and downwind measurements with the octocopter in the region of the bridge.}, subject = {Messtechnik}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{EliassonPalssonWeber2017, author = {Eliasson, Jonas and Palsson, Thorgeir and Weber, Konradin}, title = {State of volcanic ash dispersion prediction}, series = {Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2017}, booktitle = {Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2017}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The Eyjafjallajokull 2010 and Grimsvotn 2011 eruptions created great problems for commercial aviation in Western Europe and in the North Atlantic region. Comparison of satellite images of the visible and predicted ash clouds showed the VAAC prediction to be much larger than the actual ash clouds. No official explanation of this discrepancy exists apart from the definition of the ash cloud boundary. Papers on simulation of the Eyjafjallaj{\"o}kull ash cloud in peer reviewed journals, typically attempted to simulate the VAAC predictions rather than focusing on the satellite pictures. Sporadic measurements made in-situ showed much lower ash concentrations over Europe than the predicted values. Two of the weak points in ash cloud prediction have been studied in airborne measurements of volcanic ash by the Universities in Kyoto Japan, Iceland and D{\"u}sseldorf Germany of eruptions in Sakurajima, Japan. It turns out that gravitational deformation of the plume and a streak fallout process make estimated ash content of clouds larger than the actual, both features are not included in the simulation model. Tropospheric plumes tend to ride in stable inversions this causes gravitational flattening (pancaking) of the volcanic plume, while diffusion in the mixing layer is insignificant. New rules from ICAO, effective from November 2014, reiterate that jetliners should avoid visible ash, this makes information on visible ash important. A procedure developed by JMA′s Tokyo VAAC uses satellite images of visible ash to correct the prediction. This and the fact that meteorological data necessary to model gravitational dispersion and streak fallout do not exist in the international database available to the VAAC′s. This shows that close monitoring by airborne measurements and satellite and other photographic surveillance is necessary.}, subject = {Vulkanismus}, language = {en} } @article{PohlHewelingFischeretal.2017, author = {Pohl, T. and Heweling, G. and Fischer, C. and Weber, Konradin}, title = {Traffic Influenced Nitrogen Dioxide, Ultrafine Particle and Black Carbon Concentrations at a Busy Urban Street in Duesseldorf, Germany}, series = {International Journal of Environmental Science}, volume = {2}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Science}, issn = {2367-8941}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50355}, pages = {410 -- 417}, year = {2017}, abstract = {In this study the road traffic related air pollution within a busy urban street canyon in the City of Duesseldorf, Germany was investigated. For the investigations the measurement truck of the laboratory for environmental measurement techniques of the HSD was equipped with different measurement devices for gaseous and aerosol species as well as meteorological sensors. The measurement truck was placed next to a stationary air quality measurement container of the Environmental State Agency of North-Rhine-Westphalia (LANUV). The measurement site is located at the Cornelius street, a direct north south connecting street through the city of Duesseldorf, which is highly frequented by road traffic with an daily amount of about 45,000 vehicles. The street is located within the low emission zone (LEZ). Additionally the pass through of vehicles with a higher weight than 7.5 tons is prohibited. Within this study over a period of several weeks the particle mass concentrations PM10, PM2.5 and PM1, and the particle number size distribution (PNSD) were measured over a broad range from 5 nm to 32 µm with a high temporal resolution. Additionally, an aethalometer was used to determine the proportion of black carbon in the particle ensembles. Gaseous pollutants like nitrogen dioxide, ozone and sulphur dioxide were measured as well. Nitrogen dioxide is a typical species originating from combustion processes. In this study the data from NO2 strongly correlate with ultrafine particle and black carbon concentrations and for this reason all three species are clearly influenced by road traffic. However, this effect is not so pronounced for the particle mass concentrations, which are additionally influenced by the varying local background concentrations. During the measurements, the averaged concentration for PM10 was on a moderate level at 20.6 µg/m³ (PM2.5 13.4 µg/m³, PM1 10.7 µg/m³). The averaged NO2 concentration was 54.2 µg/m³ during the measurement period, which is above the yearly limit value of 40 µg/m³. However, the hourly limit value of 200 µg/m³ was not exceeded during the measurement period of this study. The averaged particle number concentration (PNC5-250 nm) and black carbon concentration were on a low level compared with values from other studies at roadsides. The PNC5-250 nm was at 6,400 \#/cm³ and for black carbon at 1.8 µg/m³. The lower values for PNC and BC are possibly explained as a result due to the measures from the clean air plan. The measurements of this study took place in summertime. The air pollution concentrations might be higher during colder times of the year due to domestic fuel burning. After all it can be stated, that the additional monitoring of ultrafine particles and black carbon is relevant and important to characterize the composition of the air quality at roadsides and offer a better understanding for the temporal resolution of air pollutants in cities. Moreover, estimations on the risk of air pollution for the human health can more precisely be specified.}, language = {en} } @article{WeberHewelingFischeretal.2017, author = {Weber, Konradin and Heweling, Georg and Fischer, Christian and Lange, Martin}, title = {The use of an octocopter UAV for the determination of air pollutants - a case study of the traffic induced pollution plume around a river bridge in Duesseldorf, Germany}, series = {International Journal of Environmental Science}, volume = {2}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Science}, issn = {2367-8941}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50805}, pages = {63 -- 66}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Emissions of air pollutants from the road traffic are still a major problem in Germany. It is well known that traffic induced fine particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5, PM1), ultrafine particles (UFPs) and gaseous air pollutants, like e.g. NOx, are adverse to human health. Therefore it is important to monitor these air pollutants in the cities. In this study an octocopter UAV is used as a carrier for measurement systems for UFPs, fine particulate matter and soot. This instrumented octocopter was used for studying the vertical and horizontal variation of the air pollution plume, which originated from the traffic on a river bridge, connecting two parts of Duesseldorf in Germany. This octocopter UAV had been especially designed and built at the Duesseldorf University of Applied Sciences for measurements of air pollutants. It was featuring eight 900 W electric propeller drives and was equipped with a pixhawk flight control. Its lift off weight was about 10.5 kg. About 60 measurement flights were performed by the instrumented octocopter throughout this study. These measurement flights could clearly determine the traffic induced air pollution plume originating from the bridge. Moreover, the dispersion of UFPs within the pollution plume could be monitored with the octocopter flights.}, subject = {Flugk{\"o}rper}, language = {en} } @article{PohlFischerHewelingetal.2017, author = {Pohl, Tobias and Fischer, Christian and Heweling, Georg and B{\"o}hlke, Christoph and Weber, Konradin}, title = {A Comparative Study as a Quality Assurance of Stationary and Portable Hand-Held Ultrafine Particle Monitors}, series = {WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development}, volume = {13}, journal = {WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development}, publisher = {WSEAS}, issn = {2224-3496}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50799}, pages = {6}, year = {2017}, abstract = {In this study we investigated the performance of two portable hand-held measurement devices (Testo DiSCMini, Grimm NanoCheck) under real environmental conditions at an area on the new campus of the University of Applied Sciences Duesseldorf, which was influenced by construction activities and traffic. The values were compared to the data from a freshly calibrated SMPS (Grimm SMPS+C) as a reference system. The SMPS measured the particle number concentration as well as the particle number size distribution in a range from 5 nm to 350 nm. This was done as a quality assurance for the use of these portable devices for other measurement campaigns for detecting the particle number concentration in mobile applications by e.g. unmanned aerial systems, bicycles, or small aircraft. The results show a good correlation between all the systems. The agreement between the reference system and the NanoCheck was really good, but lower between the DiSCMini and the reference system. Due to the good correlation the data could be post processed with a correction function to reduce the deviation. Finally, it can be stated, that both systems work well under environmental conditions and are well suited for the mobile use for the investigation of ultrafine particle concentration.}, subject = {Messtechnik}, language = {en} } @article{PrataDezitterDaviesetal.2016, author = {Prata, A. J. and Dezitter, F. and Davies, I. and Weber, Konradin and Birnfeld, M. and Moriano, D. and Bernardo, C. and Vogel, A. and Prata, G. S. and Mather, T. A. and Thomas, H. E. and Cammas, J. and Weber, M.}, title = {Artificial cloud test confirms volcanic ash detection using infrared spectral imaging}, series = {Scientific reports}, volume = {6}, journal = {Scientific reports}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, doi = {10.1038/srep25620}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Airborne volcanic ash particles are a known hazard to aviation. Currently, there are no means available to detect ash in flight as the particles are too fine (radii < 30 μm) for on-board radar detection and, even in good visibility, ash clouds are difficult or impossible to detect by eye. The economic cost and societal impact of the April/May 2010 Icelandic eruption of Eyjafjallaj{\"o}kull generated renewed interest in finding ways to identify airborne volcanic ash in order to keep airspace open and avoid aircraft groundings. We have designed and built a bi-spectral, fast-sampling, uncooled infrared camera device (AVOID) to examine its ability to detect volcanic ash from commercial jet aircraft at distances of more than 50 km ahead. Here we report results of an experiment conducted over the Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of France, confirming the ability of the device to detect and quantify volcanic ash in an artificial ash cloud created by dispersal of volcanic ash from a second aircraft. A third aircraft was used to measure the ash in situ using optical particle counters. The cloud was composed of very fine ash (mean radii ~10 μm) collected from Iceland immediately after the Eyjafjallaj{\"o}kull eruption and had a vertical thickness of ~200 m, a width of ~2 km and length of between 2 and 12 km. Concentrations of ~200 μg m(-3) were identified by AVOID at distances from ~20 km to ~70 km. For the first time, airborne remote detection of volcanic ash has been successfully demonstrated from a long-range flight test aircraft.}, language = {en} } @incollection{EliassonWatsonWeber2016, author = {Eliasson, J. and Watson, I.M. and Weber, Konradin}, title = {In Situ Observations of Airborne Ash From Manned Aircraft}, series = {Volcanic Ash}, booktitle = {Volcanic Ash}, publisher = {Elsevier}, isbn = {9780081004050}, doi = {10.1016/B978-0-08-100405-0.00009-4}, pages = {89 -- 98}, year = {2016}, language = {en} } @article{EliassonWeberVogeletal.2016, author = {El{\´i}asson, Jonas and Weber, Konradin and Vogel, Andreas and P{\´a}lsson, Thorgeir and Yoshitani, Junichi and Miki, Daisuke}, title = {Investigation and Separation of Turbulent Fluctuations in Airborne Measurements of Volcanic Ash with Optical Particle Counters}, series = {Journal of Disaster Research}, volume = {11}, journal = {Journal of Disaster Research}, number = {1}, publisher = {Fuji Technology Press Ltd.}, issn = {1883-8030}, doi = {10.20965/jdr.2016.p0072}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50023}, pages = {72 -- 84}, year = {2016}, abstract = {The science of measuring airborne volcanic ash concentrations supports research in such fields as atmospheric environmental science and the modeling of atmospheric pollution from volcanoes, and is thus very valuable to the aviation industry. These measurements show large scatter directly traceable to turbulent fluctuations responsible for diffusing volcanic dust. Before semistationary components in observations can be compared to each other or to simulation results, they must be separated from fluctuations. In the design of the separation process, however, neither seasonal or diurnal periodicity nor random disturbance with known properties exists to serve as a guideline. It has been suggested that fluctuations could be eliminated through repeated convolutions of a simple 3-point filter enough times. The number of convolutions is chosen from the change in the rate of increase of a special variability parameter. When semistationary concentrations are separated from fluctuations, their statistics are compared to turbulence parameters and the autocorrelation of the series. The method is demonstrated using three measurement series from Sakurajima, Japan measured in 2013. It is concluded that this new method is simple and trustworthy where knowledge and experience of the environmental parameters can be utilized to support the results. They indicate a variability of 40\% in the relative fluctuations of the PM10 and around 20\% of the PM2.5. The relative fluctuations may be considered completely random, but normally distributed rather than a white noise with an evenly distributed variance spectrum.}, language = {en} } @article{EliassonYoshitaniMikietal.2016, author = {El{\´i}asson, Jonas and Yoshitani, Junichi and Miki, Daisuke and Weber, Konradin and B{\"o}lke, Christoph and Scharifi, Emad}, title = {Measurements of Particle Distribution and Ash Fluxes in the Plume of Sakurajima Volcano with Optical Particle Counter}, series = {Journal of Disaster Research}, volume = {11}, journal = {Journal of Disaster Research}, number = {1}, publisher = {Fuji Technology Press Ltd.}, issn = {1883-8030}, doi = {10.20965/jdr.2016.p0085}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50030}, pages = {85 -- 95}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Volcanic eruptions have caused very costly disturbances of international air traffic. This problem has been dealt with by simulating the formation and migration of dangerous ash plumes. However, the results of the simulations have sometimes been too safe, producing ash clouds that are too large. This was especially the case for the North Atlantic in 2010 (Eyjafjallaj{\"o}kull) and 2011 (Gr{\´i}msv{\"o}tn). Since 2012, an international cooperation team led by the Disaster Prevention Research Institute (DPRI) of Kyoto University has conducted airborne measurements of volcanic ash concentrations in the plume from Mount Sakurajima in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. This volcano was chosen because of its frequent but limited eruptions, which allow close observation. These measurement campaigns have provided data showing gravitational flattening of the plume, a new and previously unknown dispersion process of volcanic plumes. A new and previously unknown fallout process, called streak fallout, also has been measured. Results concerning plume flux, concentration distributions, aerosol (PM10) content of the plume, and content of very fine particles (PM2.5 and PM1) are presented, and the ways by which the observational methods can be used to produce reliable initial data and boundary values for simulations of plume dispersion are discussed.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ComeronJackKassianovetal.2016, author = {Comeron, Adolfo and Jack, James and Kassianov, Evgueni I. and Sch{\"a}fer, Kiaus and Picard, Richard H and Weber, Konradin}, title = {Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XXI Introduction}, series = {Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XXI : 28-29 September 2016, Edinburgh, United Kingdom}, booktitle = {Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XXI : 28-29 September 2016, Edinburgh, United Kingdom}, publisher = {SPIE}, address = {Bellingham, Washington, USA}, isbn = {978-1-5106-0406-3}, year = {2016}, language = {en} } @article{FuHeeminkLuetal.2016, author = {Fu, Guangliang and Heemink, Arnold and Lu, Sha and Segers, Arjo and Weber, Konradin and Lin, Hai-Xiang}, title = {Model-based aviation advice on distal volcanic ash clouds byassimilating aircraft in situ measurements}, series = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics}, volume = {16}, journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics}, number = {14}, publisher = {Copernicus}, issn = {1680-7324}, doi = {10.5194/acp-16-9189-2016}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50058}, pages = {9189 -- 9200}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Abstract. The forecast accuracy of distal volcanic ash clouds is important for providing valid aviation advice during volcanic ash eruption. However, because the distal part of volcanic ash plume is far from the volcano, the influence of eruption information on this part becomes rather indirect and uncertain, resulting in inaccurate volcanic ash forecasts in these distal areas. In our approach, we use real-life aircraft in situ observations, measured in the northwestern part of Germany during the 2010 Eyjafjallaj{\"o}kull eruption, in an ensemble-based data assimilation system combined with a volcanic ash transport model to investigate the potential improvement on the forecast accuracy with regard to the distal volcanic ash plume. We show that the error of the analyzed volcanic ash state can be significantly reduced through assimilating real-life in situ measurements. After a continuous assimilation, it is shown that the aviation advice for Germany, the Netherlands and Luxembourg can be significantly improved. We suggest that with suitable aircrafts measuring once per day across the distal volcanic ash plume, the description and prediction of volcanic ash clouds in these areas can be greatly improved.}, language = {en} } @article{BonnvonSchneidemesserAndrichetal.2016, author = {Bonn, Boris and von Schneidemesser, Erika and Andrich, Dorota and Quedenau, J{\"o}rn and Gerwig, Holger and L{\"u}decke, Anja and Kura, J{\"u}rgen and Pietsch, Axel and Ehlers, Christian and Klemp, Dieter and Kofahl, Claudia and Nothard, Rainer and Kerschbaumer, Andreas and Junkermann, Wolfgang and Grote, R{\"u}diger and Pohl, Tobias and Weber, Konradin and Lode, Birgit and Sch{\"o}nberger, Philipp and Churkina, Galina and Butler, Tim M. and Lawrence, Mark G.}, title = {BAERLIN2014 - the influence of land surface types on and the horizontal heterogeneity of air pollutant levels in Berlin}, series = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics}, volume = {16}, journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics}, number = {12}, publisher = {Copernicus}, issn = {1680-7324}, doi = {10.5194/acp-16-7785-2016}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50065}, pages = {7785 -- 7811}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Abstract. Urban air quality and human health are among the key aspects of future urban planning. In order to address pollutants such as ozone and particulate matter, efforts need to be made to quantify and reduce their concentrations. One important aspect in understanding urban air quality is the influence of urban vegetation which may act as both emitter and sink for trace gases and aerosol particles. In this context, the "Berlin Air quality and Ecosystem Research: Local and long-range Impact of anthropogenic and Natural hydrocarbons 2014" (BAERLIN2014) campaign was conducted between 2 June and 29 August in the metropolitan area of Berlin and Brandenburg, Germany. The predominant goals of the campaign were (1) the characterization of urban gaseous and particulate pollution and its attribution to anthropogenic and natural sources in the region of interest, especially considering the connection between biogenic volatile organic compounds and particulates and ozone; (2) the quantification of the impact of urban vegetation on organic trace gas levels and the presence of oxidants such as ozone; and (3) to explain the local heterogeneity of pollutants by defining the distribution of sources and sinks relevant for the interpretation of model simulations. In order to do so, the campaign included stationary measurements at urban background station and mobile observations carried out from bicycle, van and airborne platforms. This paper provides an overview of the mobile measurements (Mobile BAERLIN2014) and general conclusions drawn from the analysis. Bicycle measurements showed micro-scale variations of temperature and particulate matter, displaying a substantial reduction of mean temperatures and particulate levels in the proximity of vegetated areas compared to typical urban residential area (background) measurements. Van measurements extended the area covered by bicycle observations and included continuous measurements of O3, NOx, CO, CO2 and point-wise measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at representative sites for traffic- and vegetation-affected sites. The quantification displayed notable horizontal heterogeneity of the short-lived gases and particle number concentrations. For example, baseline concentrations of the traffic-related chemical species CO and NO varied on average by up to ±22.2 and ±63.5 \%, respectively, on the scale of 100 m around any measurement location. Airborne observations revealed the dominant source of elevated urban particulate number and mass concentrations being local, i.e., not being caused by long-range transport. Surface-based observations related these two parameters predominantly to traffic sources. Vegetated areas lowered the pollutant concentrations substantially with ozone being reduced most by coniferous forests, which is most likely caused by their reactive biogenic VOC emissions. With respect to the overall potential to reduce air pollutant levels, forests were found to result in the largest decrease, followed by parks and facilities for sports and leisure. Surface temperature was generally 0.6-2.1 °C lower in vegetated regions, which in turn will have an impact on tropospheric chemical processes. Based on our findings, effective future mitigation activities to provide a more sustainable and healthier urban environment should focus predominantly on reducing fossil-fuel emissions from traffic as well as on increasing vegetated areas.}, language = {en} } @article{FischerWeberLangeetal.2016, author = {Fischer, Christian and Weber, Konradin and Lange, Martin and Fr{\"u}hsorger, Alexander and Roßkopf, C. and Pesch, Markus and Ziegler, V.}, title = {Bestimmung der Filtereffizienz von High Volume Air Condition (HVAC)-Systemen von verschiedenen Pkw mit realen Feinstaubbelastungen in Peking}, series = {Gefahrstoffe: Reinhaltung der Luft}, volume = {76}, journal = {Gefahrstoffe: Reinhaltung der Luft}, number = {11-12}, publisher = {Springer-VDI}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, issn = {1436-4891}, pages = {437 -- 441}, year = {2016}, subject = {Luftfilter}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{ComeronKassianovSchaeferetal.2015, author = {Comeron, Adolfo and Kassianov, Evgueni I. and Sch{\"a}fer, Klaus and Picard, Richard H. and Weber, Konradin}, title = {Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XX. Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere, Toulouse), 23.-24.09.2015}, volume = {Proceedings of SPIE ; volume 9640}, publisher = {SPIE}, address = {Bellingham, Washington, USA}, isbn = {978-1-62841-850-7}, issn = {0277-786X}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GalleArellanoCondeetal.2015, author = {Galle, Bo and Arellano, Santiago and Conde, Vladimir and Pfeffer, Melissa and Barsotti, Sara and Stefansdottir, Gerður and Bergsson, Baldur and Bergsson, Bergur and Ingvarsson, Thorgils and Weber, Konradin}, title = {Ground based measurements of the gas emission from the Holuhraun volcanic fissure eruption on Iceland 2014/2015}, series = {Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2015}, volume = {17}, booktitle = {Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2015}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The since 31 August 2014 ongoing volcanic eruption at Holuhraun on Iceland is by far the strongest source of sulfur dioxide in Europe over the last 230 years with sustained emission rates exceeding 100 000 ton/day. This gas emission severely affects local population and has become a concern also for air traffic. The eruption has in December continued at constant pace for 3.5 months. Three scenarios are envisaged for the future; (1) the eruption stops, (2) the fissure extends under the Vattnaj{\"o}kul glacier and (3) Bardarbunga volcano erupts. The two later scenarios will cause increased gas emission, severe ash emissions and extended flooding. Under the scope of the EU-project FUTUREVOLC, a project with 3.5 years duration, aiming at making Iceland a supersite for volcanological research as a European contribution to GEO, we are developing a version of the Scanning DOAS instrument that is adapted to high latitudes with low UV radiation and severe meteorological conditions. Since the first day of the eruption several of these novel instruments has been monitoring the SO2 emission from the eruption. Data from our instruments are still after 3.5 months the only sustained ground-based monitoring of this gas emission. A lot of work is however needed to sustain this operation at a very remote site and under severe field conditions. At the same time the very high concentrations in the gas plume, in combination with bad meteorological conditions require the development of novel methods to derive reliable flux estimates. In this presentation we will discuss the instrumental issues and present the latest version of the emission estimates made from our measurements.}, subject = {Vulkanismus}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WeberEliassonArnasonetal.2015, author = {Weber, Konradin and Eliasson, Jonas and Arnason, Gylfi and R{\"o}gnvaldsson, {\´O}lafur and Thorsteinsson, Throstur and Palsson, Thorgeir and B{\"o}hlke, Christoph and Fischer, Christian and Smith, Paul and Jones, Roderic L. and Tirpitz, Lukas and Platt, Ulrich}, title = {Airborne Investigations and WRF - Model Calculations of the Bardarbunga-Holuhraun Eruption Plume}, series = {Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2015}, volume = {17}, booktitle = {Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2015}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The eruption in Holuhraun is the largest producer of lava and gas in Iceland since 1783. The Volcanic Ash Research (VAR) group organized an airborne measurement campaign including 10 flights, where emissions of SO2 and ash concentrations were measured at the source and at the far plume. The highest SO2 concentration at the source was nearly up to 100 mg/m3. This is an extremely high value, compared to other airborne campaigns and a contamination considered to cause serious illness by the Icelandic Directorate of Health. Volcanic ash consisted of very fine particles, but the concentration was low when compared to other recent eruptions. Measurements of the far plume showed that scavenging is very active. The dispersion was successfully modeled with the Weather Research and Foreast (WRF-chem) model and analysis using the model showed that a large amount of the sulphur was precipitated in the Icelandic highlands.}, subject = {Vulkanismus}, language = {en} } @article{GeneralBobrowskiPoehleretal.2015, author = {General, S. and Bobrowski, N. and P{\"o}hler, D. and Weber, Konradin and Fischer, C. and Platt, U.}, title = {Airborne I-DOAS measurements at Mt. Etna: BrO and OClO evolution in the plume}, series = {Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research}, volume = {300}, journal = {Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {0377-0273}, doi = {10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.05.012}, pages = {175 -- 186}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WeberScharifiBoehlke2015, author = {Weber, Konradin and Scharifi, Emad and B{\"o}hlke, Christoph}, title = {Mobile measurements of the horizontal variation of fine particulate matter in the state of North Rhine Westphalia in Germany - a case study}, series = {Recent Advances on Environmental and Life Science}, volume = {Energy, Environmental and Structural Engineering Series 40}, booktitle = {Recent Advances on Environmental and Life Science}, editor = {Bulucea, Aida}, publisher = {WSEAS}, isbn = {978-1-61804-332-0}, issn = {2227-4359}, pages = {22 -- 27}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Fine particulate matter is well known for its adverse health effects for the population. It is still one of the major problems of air pollution in Germany. The limit values of fine particulate matter PM10 are often exceeded in bigger German cities. Therefore the level of fine particulate matter and other air pollutants are routinely monitored at single hot spots in the cities by measurement stations of the environmental state agencies. However, it is of high interest, what levels of concentrations of fine particulate matter are to be found in those areas, where no measurement stations are placed. Moreover, it is important to know, how strong exceedings of fine particulate matter concentrations can be influenced by meteorological conditions. In this paper fine particulate matter concentrations are measured with a car, which was equipped with measurement systems for fine particulate matter and which was driving through industrial and rural areas of the state North Rhine Westphalia in Germany. By this means it was possible to measure coarse and fine fractions of particulate matter continuously during driving. In this way the horizontal variation of fine particulate matter could be investigated throughout the state. The measurements comprised dust concentrations of the fractions PM10 (coarse), PM2.5 (more fine) and PM1(very fine), which are addressed within the European environmental legislation. Moreover, every second during driving the full size distribution of particles between 250 nm and 32 μm diameter was measured. Therefore it could be investigated, at what places more bigger or more smaller particles were present under specific meteorological conditions. The mobile car measurements were performed as a case study in a situation with a strong meteorological inversion layer. The mobile measurements of the horizontal variation of fine particulate matter in industrial and rural areas are compared with model prediction calculations. Moreover, using backward trajectories a source appointment of the fine particulate matter could be performed.}, subject = {Feinstaub}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WeberPohlFischeretal.2015, author = {Weber, Konradin and Pohl, Tobias and Fischer, Christian and Lange, Martin and B{\"o}hlke, Christoph}, title = {Determination of a Vertical Profile of Black Carbon by a Combined Application of a Light Research Aircraft and a Quadcopter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle - A Case Study Using an Airborne Ultraportable Micro-Aethalometer for Black Carbon Measurements at a Rural Site in Germany}, series = {Recent Researches in Electrical and Computer Engineering}, volume = {Recent Advances in Electrical Engineering Series 49}, booktitle = {Recent Researches in Electrical and Computer Engineering}, editor = {Valeri, Mladenov}, publisher = {WSEAS}, isbn = {978-1-61804-315-3}, issn = {1790-5117}, pages = {13 -- 18}, year = {2015}, subject = {Messtechnik}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WeberFischerLangeetal.2015, author = {Weber, Konradin and Fischer, Christian and Lange, Martin and Pohl, Tobias and B{\"o}hlke, Christoph and Wagner, Frank and Mattis, Ina and Flentje, Harald and Sturm, Klaus and Barth, Joachim and Steinkopff, Thomas and Vogel, Andreas}, title = {Aircraft measurements compared with ceilometer measurements during a sahara dust period in Germany}, series = {Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2015}, volume = {17}, booktitle = {Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2015}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, year = {2015}, abstract = {A significant Sahara dust event took place at the beginning of April 2014 over large areas of Germany and Europe. The German Weather Service (DWD) detected and monitored the expansion and propagation of this dust cloud with a ceilometer network of more than 50 ceilometers. Moreover, these ceilometers were also able to track the altitude of the dust cloud at the positions of the ceilometers. Additionally, aircraft measurements over Germany and France were performed with two aircraft by the Duesseldorf University of Applied Sciences. These aircraft were equipped with optical particle counters (OPC) and were able to measure the particle size distribution within the Sahara dust cloud and as a result of this to calculate the particle mass concentration of the dust. The ceilometer measurements and the aircraft measurements complemented each other: whereas the ceilometers gave continuous information about the Sahara dust cloud at the ceilometer positions, the aircraft measurements delivered interpolating results between the ceilometer positions. Moreover, at several ceilometer positions intercomparison flights were performed by spiraling with the aircraft up or down around the ceilometer laser beam. This gave the unique possibility for comparing the remote sensing results of the ceilometers with the in-situ measurements of the aircraft. This study shows that a significant high amount of Saharan dust particles was transported over Germany during a several days long episode. Furthermore, the intercomparison study between the German ceilometer network and aircraft measurements results shows a good agreement. A combination of these techniques could help to detect the vertical and horizontal distribution of the dust cloud and additionally the particle mass concentration.}, subject = {Deutscher Wetterdienst}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ArnasonEliassonWeberetal.2015, author = {Arnason, Gylfi and Eliasson, Jonas and Weber, Konradin and B{\"o}hlke, Christoph and Palsson, Thorgeir and R{\"o}gnvaldsson, {\´O}lafur and Thorsteinsson, Throstur and Platt, Ulrich and Tirpitz, Lukas and Jones, Roderic L. and Smith, Paul D.}, title = {Results of airborne measurements in the plume near and far from the 2014 Bardarbunga-Holuhraun eruption}, series = {Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2015}, volume = {17}, booktitle = {Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2015}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The Volcanic Ash Research (VAR) group is focused on airborne measurement of ash contamination to support safe air travel. In relations to the recent eruption, the group measured ash and several gaseous species in the plume 10-300 km from the volcano. The eruption emitted ash turned out to be mostly in the fine aerosol range (much less than 10 micrometers in diameter). Our highest measured concentrations were lower than 1 mg/m3 indicating that commercial air traffic was not threatened (greater than 2 mg/m3) by the ash contamination. But we measured sulfur dioxide (SO2 ) up to 90 mg/m3, which presented a potentially dangerous pollution problem. However, airborne measurements indicate that the sulfur concentration decays (probably due to scavenging) as the plume is carried by the wind from the volcano, which limits the area of immediate danger to the public. Here we present size distribution for particulate matter collected during flights, near and far from the crater at various times. The particle data is then compared with simultaneously collected sulfur dioxide data and the rate of decay of is estimated. Sulfur and particle concentration variations with height in the far plume are presented. Some airborne measurements for H2S, NO, NO2 and CO2 will also be presented. This includes correlation matrices for simultaneous measurements of these gases and comparison to National Air Quality Standards and background values.}, subject = {Vulkanasche}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RoegnvaldssonArnasonPalssonetal.2015, author = {R{\"o}gnvaldsson, {\´O}lafur and Arnason, Gylfi and Palsson, Thorgeir and Eliasson, Jonas and Weber, Konradin and B{\"o}hlke, Christoph and Thorsteinsson, Throstur and Tirpitz, Lukas and Platt, Ulrich and Smith, Paul D. and Jones, Roderic L.}, title = {Modeling of SO2 dispersion from the 2014 Holuhraun eruption in Iceland using WRF-Chem}, series = {Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2015}, volume = {17}, booktitle = {Geophysical Research Abstracts: EGU General Assembly 2015}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The fissure eruption in Holuhraun in central Iceland is the country's largest lava and gas eruption since 1783 but has produced very little volcanic ash. The eruption started in late August 2014 and is still ongoing as of January 2015. The main threat from this event has been atmospheric pollution of SO2 that is carried by wind to all parts of the country and produces elevated concentrations of SO2 that have frequently violated National Air Quality Standards (NAQS) in many population centers. The Volcanic Ash Research (VAR) group in Iceland is focused on airborne measurement of ash contamination to support safe air travel, as well as various gas concentrations. In relation to the Holuhraun eruption the VAR group has organized an investigation campaign including 10 measurement flights and performed measurements of both the source emissions and the plume distribution. SO2 concentrations measured at the source showed clear potential for creating pollution events in the toxic range and contamination of surface waters. The data obtained in the measurement campaign was used for calibration of the WRF-chem model of the dispersion of SO2 and volcanic ash concentration. The model has both been run in operational forecast mode (since mid October) as well as in a dynamical downscaling mode, to estimate the dispersion and fallout of SO2 from the plume. The model results indicate that a large part of the sulphur was precipitated in the Icelandic highlands. The first melt waters during the spring thaw are likely to contain acid sulphur compounds that can be harmful for vegetation, with the highland vegetation being the most vulnerable. These results will be helpful to estimate the pollution load on farmlands and pastures of farmers.}, subject = {Vulkanismus}, language = {en} } @article{WeberFischerPohletal.2015, author = {Weber, Konradin and Fischer, Christian and Pohl, Tobias and B{\"o}hlke, Christoph and Lange, Martin and Scharifi, Emad and Eliasson, Jonas and Yoshitani, Junichi}, title = {The Application of Light Research Aircraft for the Investigation of Volcano Eruption Plumes, Industrial Emissions and Urban Plumes}, series = {WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development}, volume = {11}, journal = {WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development}, publisher = {WSEAS}, issn = {2224-3496}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50892}, pages = {89 -- 94}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Airborne measurements have proved to be an important tool for the investigation of volcanic emission plumes, industrial pollution plumes, fugitive emissions and urban pollution plumes. In this paper several examples are demonstrated, how these investigations can be performed by light and microlight propeller aircraft. Throughout the last years innovative aircraft were developed in the light and microlight class showing an excellent flight performance. This enables airborne measurements, which were performed in former years normally by big jet engine driven research aircraft. Moreover, these light and microlight aircraft are equipped with piston motors, which are sturdy enough to operate even in adverse and harsh flight conditions, e.g. in volcanic plumes with high ash concentration. Additionally, turbo charged versions of these airborne piston motors are available, which allow flight altitudes of 7000m - 9000m enabling a large variety of research missions. Another advantage of light and microlight research aircraft is that they are quite cost effective and have a comparatively short certification process for the installation of new measurement equipment. This made it possible to respond fast to the eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallaj{\"o}kull 2010 and Grimsv{\"o}tn 2011 with research flights in volcanic ash plumes over Germany and Iceland. In this way it was possible to deliver real airborne measurements additional to the ash plume model calculations of the London Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC). In this paper examples of airborne measurements in the volcanic plumes of the recent eruptions of Icelandic volcanoes are given. Moreover examples are presented, which highlight the outstanding capabilities of these aircraft for pinpointing industrial emissions and for characterizing urban pollution plumes.}, subject = {Vulkanismus}, language = {en} } @article{MoxnesKristiansenStohletal.2014, author = {Moxnes, E. D. and Kristiansen, N. I. and Stohl, A. and Clarisse, L. and Durant, A. and Weber, Konradin and Vogel, A.}, title = {Separation of ash and sulfur dioxide during the 2011 Gr{\´i}msv{\"o}tn eruption}, series = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres}, volume = {119}, journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres}, number = {12}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union (AGU)}, issn = {2169-8996}, doi = {10.1002/2013JD021129}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50162}, pages = {7477 -- 7501}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @article{GeneralPoehlerSihleretal.2014, author = {General, S. and P{\"o}hler, D. and Sihler, H. and Bobrowski, N. and Frieß, U. and Zielcke, J. and Horbanski, M. and Shepson, P. B. and Stirm, B. H. and Simpson, W. R. and Weber, Konradin and Fischer, C. and Platt, U.}, title = {The Heidelberg Airborne Imaging DOAS Instrument (HAIDI) - a novel imaging DOAS device for 2-D and 3-D imaging of trace gases and aerosols}, series = {Atmospheric Measurement Techniques}, volume = {7}, journal = {Atmospheric Measurement Techniques}, number = {10}, publisher = {Copernicus}, issn = {1867-8548}, doi = {10.5194/amt-7-3459-2014}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50179}, pages = {3459 -- 3485}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Abstract. Many relevant processes in tropospheric chemistry take place on rather small scales (e.g., tens to hundreds of meters) but often influence areas of several square kilometer. Thus, measurements of the involved trace gases with high spatial resolution are of great scientific interest. In order to identify individual sources and sinks and ultimately to improve chemical transport models, we developed a new airborne instrument, which is based on the well established Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) method. The Heidelberg Airborne Imaging DOAS Instrument (HAIDI) is a passive imaging DOAS spectrometer, which is capable of recording horizontal and vertical trace gas distributions with a resolution of better than 100 m. Observable species include NO2, HCHO, C2H2O2, H2O, O3, O4, SO2, IO, OClO and BrO. Here we give a technical description of the instrument including its custom-built spectrographs and CCD detectors. Also first results from measurements with the new instrument are presented. These comprise spatial resolved SO2 and BrO in volcanic plumes, mapped at Mt. Etna (Sicily, Italy), NO2 emissions in the metropolitan area of Indianapolis (Indiana, USA) as well as BrO and NO2 distributions measured during arctic springtime in context of the BRomine, Ozone, and Mercury EXperiment (BROMEX) campaign, which was performed 2012 in Barrow (Alaska, USA).}, language = {en} } @article{EliassonYoshitaniWeberetal.2014, author = {Eliasson, Jonas and Yoshitani, Junichi and Weber, Konradin and Yasuda, Nario and Iguchi, Masato and Vogel, Andreas}, title = {Airborne Measurement in the Ash Plume from Mount Sakurajima: Analysis of Gravitational Effects on Dispersion and Fallout}, series = {International Journal of Atmospheric Sciences}, volume = {2014}, journal = {International Journal of Atmospheric Sciences}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {2314-4122}, doi = {10.1155/2014/372135}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:due62-opus-50955}, pages = {16}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Volcanic ash concentrations in the plume from Sakurajima volcano in Japan are observed from airplanes equipped with optical particle counters and GPS tracking devices. The volcano emits several puffs a day. The puffs are also recorded by the Sakurajima Volcanological Observatory. High concentrations are observed in the puffs and fallout driven by vertical air current, called streak fallout. Puffs dispersion is analyzed by the classical diffusion-advection method and a new gravitational dispersion method. The fluid mechanic of the gravitational dispersion, streak fallout, and classical diffusion-advection theory is described in three separate appendices together with methods to find the time gravitational dispersion constant and the diffusion coefficient from satellite photos. The diffusion-advection equation may be used to scale volcanic eruptions so the same eruption plumes can be scaled to constant flux and wind conditions or two eruptions can be scaled to each other. The dispersion analyses show that dispersion of volcanic plumes does not follow either theories completely. It is most likely diffusion in the interface of the plume and the ambient air, together with gravitational flattening of the plumes core. This means larger boundary concentration gradients and smaller diffusion coefficients than state of the art methods can predict.}, subject = {Vulkanismus}, language = {en} } @article{BirmiliRueckerlHoffmanetal.2014, author = {Birmili, W. and R{\"u}ckerl, R. and Hoffman, W. and Weinmayer, G. and Schins, R. and Kuhlbusch, T. A. J. and Vogel, A. and Weber, Konradin and Franck, U. and Cyrys, J. and Peters, A.}, title = {Ultrafeine Partikel in der Außenluft: Perspektiven zur Aufkl{\"a}rung ihrer Gesundheitseffekte}, series = {Gefahrstoffe: Reinhaltung der Luft}, volume = {74}, journal = {Gefahrstoffe: Reinhaltung der Luft}, number = {11/12}, issn = {1436-4891}, pages = {492 -- 500}, year = {2014}, language = {de} } @article{EliassonYasudaWeberetal.2014, author = {Eliasson, Jonas and Yasuda, Nario and Weber, Konradin and Vogel, Andreas and Palsson, Thorgeir}, title = {The role of in-situ measurements of volcanic ash concentrations in preventing economic disasters due to volcanic ash clouds}, series = {Journal of Integrated Disaster Risk Management}, volume = {4}, journal = {Journal of Integrated Disaster Risk Management}, number = {1}, publisher = {Journal of Integrated Disaster Risk Management}, issn = {2185-8322}, doi = {10.5595/idrim.2014.0092}, pages = {48 -- 60}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PieriDiazBlandetal.2014, author = {Pieri, D. C. and Diaz, J. A. and Bland, G. and Fladeland, M. M. and Abtahi, A. and Alan, A. Jr. and Alegria, O. and Azofeifa, S. and Berthold, R. and Corrales, E. and Fuerstenau, S. and Gerardi, J. and Herlth, D. and Hickman, G. and Hunter, G. and Linick, J. and Mardigal, Y. and Makel, D. and Miles, T. and Realmuto, V. J. and Storms, B. and Vogel, A. and Kolyer, R. and Weber, Konradin}, title = {Systematic observations of Volc{\´a}n Turrialba, Costa Rica, with small unmanned aircraft and aerostats (UAVs): the Costa Rican Airborne Research and Technology Applications (CARTA) missions [Abstract]}, series = {American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2014}, booktitle = {American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2014}, year = {2014}, abstract = {For several years, the University of Costa Rica, NASA Centers (e.g., JPL, ARC, GSFC/WFF, GRC) \& NASA contractors-partners have made regular in situ measurements of aerosols \& gases at Turrialba Volcano in Costa Rica, with aerostats (e.g., tethered balloons \& kites), \& free-flying fixed wing UAVs (e.g., Dragon Eye, Vector Wing 100, DELTA 150), at altitudes up to 12.5Kft ASL within 5km of the summit. Onboard instruments included gas detectors (e.g., SO2, CO2), visible \& thermal IR cameras, air samplers, temperature pressure \& humidity sensors, particle counters, \& a nephelometer. Deployments are timed to support bimonthly overflights of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) onboard the NASA Terra satellite (26 deployments to date). In situ observations of dilute plume SO2 concentrations (~1-20ppmv), plume dimensions, and associated temperature, pressure, \& humidity profiles, validate detailed radiative transfer-based SO2 retrievals, as well as archive-wide ASTER band-ratio SO2 algorithms. Our recent UAV-based CO2 observations confirm high concentrations (e.g., ~3000ppmv max at summit jet), with 1000-1500ppmv flank values, and essentially global background CO2 levels (400ppmv) over distal surroundings. Transient Turrialba He detections (up to 20ppmv) were obtained with a small (~10kg) airborne mass spectrometer on a light aircraft—a UAV version (~3kg) will deploy there soon on the UCR DELTA 500. Thus, these platforms, though small (most payloads <500gm), can perform valuable systematic measurements of potential eruption hazards, as well as of volcano processes. Because they are economical, flexible, and effective, such platforms promise unprecedented capabilities for researchers and responders throughout Central and South America, undertaking volcanic data acquisitions uniquely suited to such small aircraft in close proximity to known hazards, or that were previously only available using full-sized manned aircraft. This work was carried out, in part, at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory of the California Institute of Technology under NASA contract. We are grateful to the Universidad de Costa Rica, the NASA Airborne Science and Earth Surface \& Interior Programs, the Direcci{\´o}n General de Aeron{\´a}utica Civil de Costa Rica, and FH D{\"u}sseldorf for their support.}, subject = {Vulkanismus}, language = {en} } @article{BirmiliRehnVogeletal.2013, author = {Birmili, Wolfram and Rehn, Johanna and Vogel, Andreas and Boehlke, Christoph and Weber, Konradin and Rasch, Fabian}, title = {Micro-scale variability of urban particle number and mass concentrations in Leipzig, Germany}, series = {Meteorologische Zeitschrift}, volume = {22}, journal = {Meteorologische Zeitschrift}, number = {2}, publisher = {Borntr{\"a}ger}, doi = {10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0394}, pages = {155 -- 165}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @article{HeninStelmaszczykPetrarcaetal.2013, author = {Henin, S. and Stelmaszczyk, K. and Petrarca, M. and Rohwetter, P. and Hao, Z. Q. and L{\"u}der, J. and Petit, Y. and Vogel, A. and Weber, Konradin and Kasparian, J. and W{\"o}ste, L. and Wolf, J.-P.}, title = {Laser Filament Induced Water Condensation}, series = {EPJ Web of Conferences}, volume = {41}, journal = {EPJ Web of Conferences}, publisher = {edp sciences}, doi = {10.1051/epjconf/20134112008}, year = {2013}, abstract = {C Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2013}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WeberFischerVogeletal.2013, author = {Weber, Konradin and Fischer, Christian and Vogel, Andreas and Pohl, Tobias and B{\"o}hlke, Christoph and Lau, Hendrik and Eliasson, Jonas and Palsson, Thorgeir}, title = {First results of an airborne release of volcanic ash for testing of volcanic ash plume measurement instruments}, series = {Recent Advances in Energy and Environmental Management}, volume = {Energy, Environmental and Structural Engineering Series 13}, booktitle = {Recent Advances in Energy and Environmental Management}, editor = {Mladenov, Valeri and Tasho, Tashev and Hui, Wang and Ivan, Kralov and Sergey, Stankevich and Pelin, Yildiz and Jon, Burley}, publisher = {WSEAS}, pages = {169 -- 172}, year = {2013}, subject = {Vulkanasche}, language = {en} } @article{CarapezzaBarberiRanaldietal.2012, author = {Carapezza, M. L. and Barberi, F. and Ranaldi, M. and Ricci, T. and Tarchini, L. and Barrancos, Jos{\´e} and Fischer, C. and Granieri, D. and Lucchetti, C. and Melian, G. and Perez, N. and Tuccimei, P. and Vogel, A. and Weber, Konradin}, title = {Hazardous gas emissions from the flanks of the quiescent Colli Albani volcano (Rome, Italy)}, series = {Applied Geochemistry}, volume = {27}, journal = {Applied Geochemistry}, number = {9}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.02.012}, pages = {1767 -- 1782}, year = {2012}, language = {en} }