TY - JOUR A1 - Marszal, Anna Joanna A1 - Heiselberg, Per A1 - Bourelle, Julien S. A1 - Musall, Eike A1 - Voss, Karsten A1 - Sartori, Igor A1 - Napolitano, Assunta T1 - Zero Energy Building - A Review of definitions and calculation methodologies T2 - Energy and Buildings N2 - The concept of Zero Energy Building (ZEB) has gained wide international attention during last few years and is now seen as the future target for the design of buildings. However, before being fully implemented in the national building codes and international standards, the ZEB concept requires clear and consistent definition and a commonly agreed energy calculation methodology. The most important issues that should be given special attention before developing anewZEB definition are: (1) the metric of the balance, (2) the balancing period, (3) the type of energy use included in the balance, (4) the type of energy balance, (5) the accepted renewable energy supply options, (6) the connection to the energy infrastructure and (7) the requirements for the energy efficiency, the indoor climate and in case of gird connected ZEB for the building–grid interaction. This paper focuses on the review of the most of the existing ZEB definitions and the various approaches towards possible ZEB calculation methodologies. It presents and discusses possible answers to the abovementioned issues in order to facilitate the development of a consistent ZEB definition and a robust energy calculation methodology. KW - Label Y1 - 2011 UR - https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-hs-duesseldorf/frontdoor/index/index/docId/1985 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378778810004639 VL - 43 IS - 4 SP - 971 EP - 979 PB - Elsevier ER -