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This study examines the effects of medium-range influencer Instagram postings compared to traditional print ads. Using cosmetic products as an example, the study examines how these alternative forms of advertising influence attitude components and consumers' propensity to buy.
As a result, the advertising impact of the Instagram posting is lower than that of the classic print ad. The Instagram posting has its greatest effect where consumers already follow influencers (follower status).
The situational variable (type of advertising) proves to be more powerful in explaining consumers' attitudes as personal variables. Among the latter, product involvement has more explanatory power than the general personality traits of the Big Five. To explain the propensity to buy, product involvement is even more meaningful than the type of advertising. Overall, this shows that the effect of situational and personal factors on dependent variables of consumer behaviour cannot be generalised, but that it is generally recommended to include both situational and personal determinants in the analysis.
Although there is a numerous amount of literature on the effects of background music in advertising, we still lack empirical studies on the prerequisites and effects of audiobranding. The current paper deals with the question to which extent success of audio branding can be explained by several potential determinants. The success of audio branding is operationalised by measuring the level of aided and unaided recall of audio logos.
We distinguish between two categories of determinants: Firstly brand relatedpredictors such as fit between brand and audio logo.Secondly, according to the logic of market segmentation´s criteria, we derive personal-related predictors such as age and consumer´s musicality (i.e. sociodemographic), involvement (psychographic) and media use (behavioural).
The survey examines the coherence of such criteria with the recall of eight famous brands´ audio logos. As a result, all brand-related and personal-related predictors show weak but significant correlations with the recall of audio logos.
In the second step a multiple logistic regression analysis is performed to measure the contribution of each explanatory variable. Five out of seven predictors prove to be relevant for the success of audio branding.
Die Einstellungsforschung hat eine lange Tradition im Marketing. Dabei wird gängiger Weise davon ausgegangen, dass Einstellungen relativ stabil sind. Demgegenüber zeigt der vorliegende Beitrag, dass alleine schon die Konfrontation mit einigen die Kognition fordernden Kriterien zur Markenbewertung die Konsumenten dazu bewegen kann, ihr Markenurteil spontan zu verändern. Zweitens wird gefunden, dass sich im Falle von Sportswear das Urteil durch die kognitiven Bewertungsprozesse verschlechtert. Und drittens ist festzustellen, dass die Emotionen insgesamt einen größeren Teil des Kaufverhaltens der Konsumenten zu erklären vermögen als die kognitiven Einstellungskomponenten.
The Stability of Attitude and the Significance of Affective-emotional and Cognitive Components
(2018)
Research on attitude has a long tradition in marketing. It has commonly been assumed that attitudes are relatively stable over time. Contrary to this hypothesis, this paper shows that merely confronting consumers with some cognitive criteria concerning brand evaluation can in fact change their rating in the short term. A second finding is that evaluations of sportswear brands become consistently more negative when subjected to the cognitive evaluation process. A third result shows that purchasing behaviour can be explained to a greater extent by emotions than by cognitive components of attitude.
This study examines the effects of medium-range influencer Instagram postings compared to traditional print ads. Using cosmetic products as an example, the study examines how these alternative forms of advertising influence attitude components and consumers' propensity to buy.
As a result, the advertising impact of the Instagram posting is lower than that of the classic print ad. The Instagram posting has its greatest effect where consumers already follow influencers (follower status).
The situational variable (type of advertising) proves to be more powerful in explaining consumers' attitudes as personal variables. Among the latter, product involvement has more explanatory power than the general personality traits of the Big Five. To explain the propensity to buy, product involvement is even more meaningful than the type of advertising. Overall, this shows that the effect of situational and personal factors on dependent variables of consumer behaviour cannot be generalised, but that it is generally recommended to include both situational and personal determinants in the analysis.
Dieses Buch rekapituliert Studien der Forschungsgruppe "Empirical Research and User Experience (ERUX)" am Institut für Informationssysteme (iisys) der Hochschule Hof über den Zeitraum 2019 bis 2022. Das zentrale Thema umfasst die Mensch- Maschine-Schnittstelle bei Fahrerassistenzsystemen auf dem Weg zum autonomen Fahren, untersucht am Beispiel des automatischen Einparkassistenten im Automobil. Zum Einsatz kam dabei ein breites Methodenspektrum, um eine umfassende Analyse und valide Ergebnisse zu gewährleisten.
Ausgangslage der Studien ist die Erkenntnis der Industrie, dass die Nachfrage nach Parkassistenten hinter den Erwartungen zurückgeblieben ist und viele Besitzer solcher Systeme diese nicht nutzen. Dies deutet auf eine unbefriedigende Akzeptanz neuer Technologien seitens der Autofahrer hin. Ziel der dargestellten Studien war es daher, die Gründe für diese Zurückhaltung zu ermitteln und Maßnahmen zur Steigerung der Akzeptanz bei den Endkunden abzuleiten.
Die erste Studie fokussiert sich auf Treiber und Vorbehalte deutscher Autofahrer gegenüber Fahrerassistenzsystemen. Im Ergebnis dieser quantitativen Studie zeigt sich, dass die Modernität dieser Systeme zwar wahrgenommen wird, die von ihnen ausgehenden funktionalen Verbesserungen jedoch unzureichend. Um diese Diskrepanz zu überwinden, empfiehlt sich eine stärkere Betonung funktionaler Vorteile in der Kommunikation seitens der Hersteller. Zudem zeigt sich, dass direkte Erfahrungen die Kaufbereitschaft der Kunden signifikant steigern können. Essentiell ist daher eine gezielte Heranführung der Kunden an die neuen Technologien.
Mittels Conjoint Measurement wird in einer zweiten Studie herausgearbeitet, dass Fahrerassistenzsysteme bereits einen erheblichen Nutzenbeitrag beim Autokauf darstellen, allerdings ist das Vertrauen in vollkommen autonome Fahrzeuge noch begrenzt. Bei der Entwicklung autonomer Fahrzeuge präferieren Autofahrer etablierte Automobilhersteller.
Die dritte Studie analysiert mittels Eye-Tracking Bedienmuster von Parkassistenz-systemen und leitet daraus Verbesserungspotenziale in Bezug auf intuitives Design und Nutzererfahrung ab.
Zum Vierten werden in einem Konzepttest alternative Szenarien für die Gestaltung von Parkassistenten evaluiert. Hierbei zeigt sich die Wichtigkeit einfacher und vertrauter Bedienungsmöglichkeiten.
Methodenübergreifend ist die entscheidende Rolle realer Erfahrungen für die kundenseitige Akzeptanz neuer Technologien zu konstatieren. Hersteller sollten daher verstärkt auf das Erlebnis ihrer Kunden setzen und diesen gezielte Nutzungsmöglich-keiten offerieren. Zudem ist die Integration von Kundenfeedback in die Entwicklungsbemühungen essentiell, um intuitive, nutzerfreundliche User Interfaces zu produzieren und auf diese Weise den Diffusionsprozess der neuen Technologien zu fördern.
This book summarizes studies conducted by the Empirical Research and User Experience (ERUX) research group at the Institute for Information Systems (iisys) at Hof University of Applied Sciences over the period 2019 to 2022. The main topic focuses on “The Human-Machine-Interface in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems towards Autonomous Driving”, investigated using the example of automatic parking assistant in cars. A broad spectrum of methods was used to ensure comprehensive analyses and valid results.
Starting situation for the studies has been the industry's realization that the demand for parking assistants had fallen short of expectations. Moreover, they concluded that a host of driving assistant system owners´ do not use them. This indicates an unsatisfactory acceptance of new technologies on the part of car drivers. The aim of the studies was therefore to determine the reasons for this restraint, as well as to derive measures to increase acceptance of this systems among end customers.
The first study focused on operators and the restraint of German drivers towards driver assistance systems. The results of this quantitative study displayed that although the modernity of these systems has been identified, the functional enhancements they offer are insufficient. In order to overcome this discrepancy, manufacturers are advised to emphasize the functional advantages more strongly when communication with the end customer. Study also suggested that direct experience can significantly increase customers' willingness to purchase such a system. Therefore, it is of pivotal importance to introduce customers to the new technologies in a targeted manner.
Using conjoint measurement, a second study illustrates driver assistance systems already representing a significant benefit when purchasing a car, even though the trust in fully autonomous vehicles is still restricted. Drivers favor established car manufacturer in terms of the development of autonomous vehicles.
The third study utilizes eye-tracking to examine operating patterns of parking assistance systems. Moreover, it derives potential for improvement in terms of intuitive design and user experience.
Fourthly, alternative scenarios for the design of parking assistants are evaluated in a concept test. This indicated the vital importance of simple and acquainted operating options.
Across all methods, the customer actually being able to experience driving assistance systems is a decisive matter for the acceptance of these new technologies. Therefore, manufacturers should emphasize their focus on getting customers in touch with these systems, as well as offering them targeted usage options. In addition, the integration of customer feedback into development efforts is essential to produce intuitive, user-friendly user interfaces and thus promote the diffusion process of new technologies.