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This study tested the hypothesis that growth retardation in broiler chickens fed low-protein wheat-based diets is linked to interactions between intestinal hexose and amino acid (AA) absorption. A total of 54 male Cobb 500 broilers were fed a three-phase low-protein wheat-based diet for ≥28 days (crude protein: -2% points of Cobb 500 recommendations). Apical jejunal uptakes of L-Alanine (L-Ala) were measured in Ussing chambers in the presence of 0, 20 or 100 mM luminal hexoses (D-glucose, D-galactose, D-fructose or D-mannose) and, conversely, D-glucose uptakes were measured in the presence of 0, 20 or 100 mM luminal L-Ala, each in the presence and absence of luminal Na+. L-Alanine uptakes were further measured after two preincubation lengths (3 min versus 30 min) with D-glucose or D-galactose and three transepithelial potential differences (PDt; open circuit, PDt = 0 mV or PDt = -50 mV) co-applied with 100 mM luminal D-galactose. With the exception of a statistical trend for L-Ala uptake in the copresence of D-mannose (P = 0.087), apical uptakes of L-Ala and D-glucose were generally higher in the presence vs. absence of Na+ (P < 0.05). Apical L-Ala uptakes showed no sodium × hexose concentration interaction with D-fructose and D-mannose. However, such interaction existed for luminal D-glucose and D-galactose (P < 0.05) where D-glucose or D-galactose decreased L-Ala uptakes solely in the presence of Na+ (P < 0.05). Vice versa, increasing luminal L-Ala concentrations decreased apical D-glucose uptakes solely in Na+-containing luminal solutions (sodium × Ala concentration, P = 0.011). Different preincubation lengths with hexoses had no interaction effect. However, a PDt × sodium interaction (P = 0.013) revealed that the Na+-dependent portion of L-Ala uptakes was significantly reduced after a 3-min preincubation with 100 mM d-galactose at only -50 mV. The results demonstrate a bidirectional interaction of AA and glucose absorption in the broilers’ jejunum that might be based on subapical sodium accumulation and may at least partially explain reduced growth performance in broilers fed low-protein wheat-based diets.
Smallholder farmers in the semi-arid districts of Kongwa and Chamwino, Tanzania, are increasingly vulnerable to food insecurity due to the escalating impacts of climate change. This study examined the association between climate-smart agriculture (CSA) adoption and food security using survey data from 380 households. The findings indicate that manure application, drought-tolerant seeds, and tree intercropping are the most widely adopted CSA practices, although the adoption rate declines as adoption intensity increases: approximately 25% of households adopt only one practice, while fewer than 5% implement six. CSA adoption was associated with higher dietary diversity (HDDS), improved food consumption scores (FCS), and lower household food insecurity access scores (HFIAS) and reduced coping strategies index (rCSI). CSA adoption was also associated with higher farm income, with greater adoption intensity amplifying both food security and income benefits. Household characteristics, including education, gender, off-farm income, asset ownership, and access to extension services, were linked to variations in adoption and outcomes. These findings highlight the potential of integrated CSA strategies to support food security and livelihoods. Policies promoting CSA intensification, addressing socio-economic barriers, strengthening extension services, and targeting gender disparities can enhance the effectiveness and inclusivity of CSA adoption in semi-arid Tanzania.
Die Hochschule für nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde (HNEE) betreibt qualitativ hochwertige Forschung. Die HNEE hat sich verpflichtet sicherzustellen, dass die publizierten Ergebnisse der Forschung frei zugänglich sind, um das Potenzial für (angewandte) wirtschaftliche, soziale und kulturelle Auswirkungen zu fördern.
Das FutureSEE Playbook dokumentiert die Ergebnisse und Erfahrungen eines – von der Stiftung Innovation in der Hochschullehre (StIL) – geförderten bundesweiten Netzwerks von Hochschullehrenden im Bereich der Social Entrepreneurship Education. Ziel des Playbooks ist es, innovative Lehr- und Lernansätze sichtbar zu machen, den Austausch zwischen Akteur:innen zu fördern und Impulse für eine wirkungsorientierte Hochschullehre zu geben.
Auf Basis einer kollaborativen und partizipativen Entwicklung vereint das Playbook über 45 Use Cases und Steckbriefe über 50 Lehrender, vielfältige didaktische Methoden sowie erprobte Praxisformate. Als strukturierendes Element dient eine „Lernreise“ mit neun Stationen – von der Sensibilisierung über Kompetenzentwicklung und Ideenfindung bis hin zu Geschäftsmodellentwicklung, Wirkungsorientierung und Skalierung.
Das Werk versteht sich sowohl als Inspirationsquelle als auch als praxisorientiertes Nachschlagewerk und Vernetzungsinstrument. Es unterstützt Lehrende dabei, Social Entrepreneurship in unterschiedlichen disziplinären Kontexten zu verankern, um zukünftig mehr Studierende dazu zu befähigen, sozialunternehmerisch tätig zu sein.
This study quantifies the energy use, carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions, and transaction-related costs of distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) in the context of timber traceability. It combines: (i) a PRISMA-guided systematic review of empirical studies on DLT energy consumption; and (ii) benchmark values derived from continuously updated online monitoring sources, captured at defined access dates and fully documented in the . Comparable metrics are reported at the level of individual traceability events (kWh/tx, gCO2e/tx, and USD/tx) and are related to a realistic timber supply chain transaction model that was empirically validated in a pilot study. The results reveal substantial differences in sustainability performance across consensus mechanisms. Proof-of-Work (PoW) networks exhibit prohibitively high energy demand and CO2e emissions for frequent traceability notarizations. In contrast, Proof-of-Stake (PoS), PBFT-based, hybrid, and Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) architectures enable low-energy and low-cost event logging. This study bridges the gap between established DLT sustainability research and the operational requirements of regulated forestry traceability by providing a transparent and reproducible benchmarking workflow that includes URLs, access dates and calculation spreadsheets.
Highlights
What are the main findings? Digital impressions showed lower trueness than conventional impressions. Dentulous and edentulous conditions did not significantly affect trueness. What are the implications of the main findings? Digital impressions were within reported clinical acceptance ranges. Further in vivo validation is required for the clinical use of digital impressions in mandibulectomy rehabilitation. Background/Objectives: This in vitro study investigated the trueness of digital impressions (DIs) obtained using an intraoral scanner (IOS) compared to conventional impressions (CIs) on resin model replicas of mandibulectomy defects. Methods: Mandibulectomy resin models from 20 patients were used, including 10 partially edentulous (PE) and 10 completely edentulous (CE) patients. All models were scanned using an industrial scanner to obtain reference datasets. For CIs, silicone impressions were made in custom trays, poured into stone models, and subsequently scanned with the industrial scanner to create the test groups (n = 10 each): CI-PE and CI-CE. For the DI, an IOS (True Definition; TD) was used to directly scan the 20 models, yielding the groups DI-PE and DI-CE (n = 10 each). All test scans were superimposed on their corresponding reference scans, and trueness was assessed by calculating the mean absolute deviations (µm). Statistical analysis was performed to compare trueness across groups. Results: The mean deviations (µm) in CI-PE, CI-CE, DI-PE, and DI-CE were 26.49 ± 6.39, 23.10 ± 8.94, 76.64 ± 31.75, and 80.93 ± 33.21, respectively. Impression technique significantly affected the trueness results, with DIs showing higher overall deviations (78.78 ± 31.69 µm) than the CIs (25.24 ± 7.67 µm). No significant difference in trueness was found between partially and completely edentulous models. Conclusions: Digital impressions of mandibulectomy models made with a TD scanner had significantly lower trueness than CIs. However, the observed deviations remained within clinically acceptable limits (around 300 µm in 99.5% of the model scans), demonstrating the feasibility of TD for scanning mandibulectomy models.
Introduction
Vital to forest management, forest roads enable operations such as timber harvesting, fire protection, and recreational access. However, their functionality is threatened by insufficient maintenance driven by limited financial and human resources, and constraints related to the availability and quality of information, as well as suitable tools for systematic condition assessment. Traditional visual inspections are widely used in Germany but are subjective, inconsistent, and difficult to scale. This study examines stakeholder perspectives on implementing a digital forest road condition monitoring system to support predictive maintenance approaches.
Methods
To evaluate the feasibility and stakeholder acceptance, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 30 representatives from five stakeholder categories across Germany. Thematic content analysis was applied to assess current maintenance practices, data needs, technical and legal constraints, and the stakeholders’ willingness to contribute across stages of the system (data collection, processing, provision, and use).
Results
Stakeholders broadly recognized the potential value of digital forest road condition data for planning maintenance, estimating costs, and improving navigation. However, adoption is constrained by limited digital competence and staffing, financial barriers, data protection and access-right concerns, and coordination challenges associated with fragmented forest ownership. Participants emphasized the need for reliable, standardized, and user-friendly solutions, and highlighted that long-term implementation depends on viable business model configurations (e.g., subscription or pay-per-use access models and remuneration schemes for data collection, such as flat rate) spanning multiple stakeholders.
Discussion
By aligning stakeholder interests and addressing legal, technical, and financial barriers, such configurations can enable the long-term operability of digital forest roads monitoring systems. These findings provide a qualitative foundation for developing scalable implementation concepts and business model configurations for digital forest road monitoring that are transferable beyond the German context.
ABSTRACT
Plant defensins (PDFs) are cysteine‐rich antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that are important components of plant immunity. They occur constitutively in various plant tissues but are also upregulated upon stress. Therefore, these molecules are of great interest as markers for the diagnosis of early forest stress response in plants at the molecular level. PDFs are small peptides (~5 kDa) with a compact tertiary structure, requiring specific protocols and dedicated antibodies for detection by quantitative ELISA. We developed monoclonal recombinant antibodies using phage display in solution against the correctly folded antigen defensin Fs PDF2 from beech ( Fagus sylvatica ) and analysed the antibody–antigen interaction in silico with AlphaFold 3. In a proof‐of‐principle study, we investigated the Fs PDF2 stress response to abiotic (drought) and biotic (gall midge) stresses. Notably, we established an assay for defensin quantification in crude plant extract, detecting for the first time natively folded proteins in a specific sandwich ELISA. Our antibody generation strategy can be transferred by practitioners to other small antimicrobial peptides (AMP), paving the way to study this group of proteins and their corresponding stress response comprehensively.
ABSTRACT
In the context of ever‐shorter product development cycles and the necessary prototype development, the advantages of the injection molding process cannot be fully exploited because it is not possible to economically produce very small series. The aim of this study is to examine the suitability of soft tooling using wood‐based mold inserts for small batch production in polymer injection molding. To this end, various types of wood are being tested in initial injection molding trials as part of this study, and their behavior under the process conditions is being compared. Those wooden molds are milled and tested in various injection molding tests. The produced parts as well as the used molds are then examined for wear, geometric accuracy and in terms of the tensile test specimen, for their load bearing capacity. It was shown that modified materials like laminated wood or compressed bamboo resist the loads of the injection molding process better than natural materials. Also, it was shown that the parts produced have a repeatable geometrical shape. After tool setup, it was possible to produce up to five consecutive workpieces of similar quality. Tensile tests showed reproducible strength values for ABS specimens while wood‐fiber reinforced Polypropylene showed unpredictable behavior. Downsides of the new design approach are the longer cycle times which lead to material degradation and the fast wear of the wooden mold inserts.
Seed features prominently in the polarised academic and policy debates about the future of agriculture. In this article, we examine maize and cotton farmers’ seed decisions in Tajikistan, where the Soviet-era ideal of industrial modes of agriculture continues to influence farming practices, but where interventions by international actors, along with new paradigms, increasingly affect seed systems. What factors affect farmers’ seed choices, and what notions of agricultural progress do their strategies reveal? Based on extensive fieldwork in lowland Tajikistan, we examine these questions, drawing on political ecology and transition studies scholarship. We consider the state, the market, technology, and crop characteristics and illuminate starkly contrasting seed preferences for maize and cotton. Farmers opt for high-yielding hybrids for the former and relatively low-quality local seed for the latter. In order to explain this apparent inconsistency in seed choices, we address the importance of attending to the context shaping farmers’ seed decisions. These choices reflect pragmatic rather than paradigmatic strategies and challenge presumed dichotomies of distinct development pathways associated with local versus improved seed.