TY - JOUR A1 - Weiss, Fabio A1 - Linde, Andreas T1 - How to estimate carabid biomass?—an evaluation of size-weight models for ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and perspectives for further improvement JF - Journal of Insect Conservation N2 - Biomass is an important metric for monitoring carabid populations and serves as an ecological indicator. Models that predict carabid weight based on body size represent a simple and straightforward method to estimate biomass and are therefore commonly used. However, such models are rarely evaluated against independent validation data. In this study, we evaluated the two widely used size-weight models by Szyszko (1983) and Booij et al. (1994) drawing on previously published independent data. Additionally, we developed and tested four new models to also evaluate the potential effect of taxonomic parameters; and compared model predictions with actual measurements of biomass using relative deviation graphs and observed versus predicted from regression. We show that the two models by Szyszko (1983) and Booij et al. (1994) contain systematic bias towards larger and smaller carabids, respectively, suggesting restricted applicability of such models. Additional taxonomic parameters improved weight predictions, indicating one possible solution to the issue of restricted applicability. We discuss further relevant limitations of size-weight models and their application and recommend a combined use of the models of Szyszko (1983) and Booij et al. (1994) for carabids ≥ 11.8 mm and < 11.8 mm, respectively. Implications for insect conservation: Size-weight models are a suitable and simple method to estimate the biomass of carabids and have great potential to be used in monitoring schemes, the investigation of long-term trends and ecological studies. It is, however, essential that researchers pay special attention to potential restrictions in their applicability and methodological limitations. KW - Insect monitoring; Size weight equation; Insect biomass; Insect decline; Ecological modelling; Model validation Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4983 SN - 1366-638X SN - 1572-9753 VL - 26 SP - 537 EP - 548 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yaman, Mustafa A1 - Aydin, Çiçek A1 - Linde, Andreas A1 - Radek, Renate T1 - A new microsporidian pathogen, Vairimorpha gastrophysae sp. nov., isolated from Gastrophysa viridula (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) JF - European Journal of Protistology N2 - Gastrophysa viridula DeGeer 1775, the green dock leaf beetle, belongs to a group of beneficial insects, which can be used as a classical biological control agent against sorrels (Rumex sp., Polygonaceae). Therefore, any infection by pathogenic organisms in this beetle is undesirable. In the present study, a new microsporidian pathogen isolated from G. viridula was identified based on morphological and ultrastructural characteristics, supported with a molecular phylogenetic analysis. Light and transmission electron microscopy studies indicated that the microsporidium was polymorphic throughout its life cycle. Sporulation stages were not all in direct contact with the host-cell cytoplasm. The fresh single diplokaryotic spores of the secondary sporulation cycle had a long narrow morphology, measuring about 5 × 2.1 µm (n = 50). Octospores produced in the secondary sporulation cycle were also observed. Morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of the life cycle stages place it within the genus Vairimorpha. The phylogenetic tree constructed on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis supports the morphological and ultrastructural characteristics and indicates that the pathogen is closely related to the Vairimorpha clade of microsporidia. The pathogen is named Vairimorpha gastrophysae sp. nov. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4992 SN - 0932-4739 IS - 86 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sundermann, Anna A1 - Weiser, Annika A1 - Barth, Matthias T1 - Meaning-making in higher education for sustainable development: undergraduates’ long-term processes of experiencing and learning JF - Environmental Education Research N2 - Despite the increase in teaching approaches designed to integrate sustainability into higher education, the connection between students’ learning experiences and their learning outcomes remains incompletely understood. The present multi-case study complements the discussion by investigating undergraduates’ long-term meaning-making processes using the theoretical lens of significant learning and process analysis of students’ learning experience. Based on in-depth narrative interviews with 10 students at the end of a three-year study program, we analyzed how and why learning experiences become significant, differentiating perceived personal impact and the subjective value assigned to these experiences. We identified three types of sustainability-related meaning-making processes, ranging from no sustainability-related meaning-making to meaning-making as self-realization. The differentiated view on how meaning-making mediates students’ sustainability-related learning experiences and their learning outcomes enhances our understanding of the specific dynamics that may shape the how and why of significant learning. It thus supports the tailored curriculum design for integrating sustainability into higher education. KW - Significant learning; higher education for sustainable development; meaning-making; narrative interviews; process analysis; learning experiences Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4237 SN - 1350-4622 IS - 28/11 SP - 1616 EP - 1634 PB - Taylor & Francis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Birdman, Jodie A1 - Barth, Matthias A1 - Lang, Daniel J. T1 - Connecting curricula and competence through student learning journeys JF - Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy N2 - This research examines the connection between higher education curricula for sustainable development and student development of key competencies for sustainability. The authors conducted a comparative case study that followed ten students from three graduate sustainability programs. Through a combination of student-generated and contextual data, we created a set of learning journeys. These journeys showed that activities which foster reflection, interaction, and real-world connections are especially critical for competence development as part of the whole curriculum. What and how students found most useful depended on individual disposition and we identified four general categories based on prior experience, attitude to learning, and individual goals. Barriers to competency development were frustration, feelings of helplessness, and being unable to link competence to concrete activities or concepts. These barriers could be mitigated through peer interaction and mentorship, environmental support such as spaces for collaboration, and instructor scaffolding. Because no single course can fit the needs of each student, we recommend that beneficial components in the form of courses that support the above-mentioned activities be part of purposeful curriculum design. KW - Higher education; sustainability education; education for sustainable development; competence development; curriculum Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4240 SN - 1548-7733 IS - 18/1 SP - 560 EP - 575 PB - Taylor & Francis ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rieckmann, Marco A1 - Barth, Matthias ED - Vare, Paul ED - Lausselet, Nadia ED - Rieckmann, Marco T1 - Educators’ Competence Frameworks in Education for Sustainable Development T2 - Competences in Education for Sustainable Development N2 - Educators play an important role in the implementation of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). However, they need to be qualified to work with the concept of ESD, acquiring specific competences to deal with sustainable development issues and to align their pedagogical practice with ESD. This chapter describes different frameworks and models for ESD competences, putting them in relation to each other and discussing them critically. It also situates the RSP framework in the wider context and clarifies the demands made of ESD educators and the competences they need to develop. Heuristic analysis is undertaken to ensure more systematic investigation of the different ESD competence frameworks, on the basis of two descriptors: (1) target group and how specifically a target group is defined and (2) the relation between content knowledge and pedagogical knowledge. Further research is needed, in particular with regard to the theoretical foundations and the operationalization of the competence frameworks. KW - Education for sustainable development; Educator competences; Professional action competence; Critical review Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4255 SN - 978-3-030-91055-6 SP - 19 EP - 26 PB - Springer ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bernert, Philip A1 - Wanner, Matthias A1 - Fischer, Nele A1 - Barth, Matthias T1 - Design principles for advancing higher education sustainability learning through transformative research JF - Transformative learning for Urban Sustainability N2 - A growing number of transformative research practices that redefine the role of science in engaging with local–mostly urban–transformation processes have emerged in recent decades. However, while education is considered a key driver for sustainability transformations, higher education has been slow to develop and implement dedicated, appropriate and effective transformative education programmes and learning modules. In this paper, we present a framework of design principles for transformative learning modules in higher education. These principles are derived from two growing discourses: higher education sustainability learning, and transdisciplinary and transformative research—both of which are centrally anchored in the field of sustainable development and sustainability science. The principles presented provide guidance for course leaders in higher education to create learning modules aimed at enabling students to become engaged in transdisciplinary and transformative research that fosters sustainability transitions in local and urban contexts. We use the Transformative Innovation Lab (TIL)—a learning course developed and tested at two German universities—as an example of how the design principles can be applied. The module, which runs over two semesters, supports Masters students in their process of developing real-world laboratories and exploring urban sustainability transitions through collaborative experimentation with local practice partners. We discuss the factors that enable and limit the implementation of transformative learning modules and outline aspects of the novel roles adopted by lecturers in transformative teaching environments. Moreover, we highlight the need for both institutional change and transformative teaching formats that go beyond transformative research as key for driving universities to take responsibility for collaboratively fostering sustainability transitions in their local contexts. KW - Higher education sustainability learning; Transformative learning; Transformative research; Transdisciplinarity; Real-world laboratories; Design principles Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4279 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fischer, Daniel A1 - King, Jordan A1 - Rieckmann, Marco A1 - Barth, Matthias A1 - Büssing, Alexander A1 - Hemmer, Ingrid A1 - Lindau-Bank, Detlev T1 - Teacher Education for Sustainable Development: A Review of an Emerging Research Field JF - Journal of Teacher Education N2 - Abstract Teacher Education for Sustainable Development (TESD) is a niche innovation in teacher education that empowers teachers to prepare learners to address global socio-environmental challenges. To advance the diffusion of this niche innovation into general teacher education, this article offers a systematic literature review based on a qualitative analysis of 158 peer-reviewed publications on TESD research. Our results show that TESD research is a growing field characterized by five types of inquiry: designing learning environments, understanding learner attributes, measuring learning outcomes, promoting systems change, and advancing visions for the field. Major innovation potentials of TESD for more general teacher education are its emphasis on the grand socio-environmental challenges of our times, methodologies to engage with knowledge diversity (e.g., inter/transdisciplinarity), and sustainability science learning approaches (e.g., backcasting). We suggest that future work builds from this review to strengthen links between teacher education and TESD in enhancing quality education. KW - Teacher Education for Sustainable Development; teacher education research methodology; assessment; international teacher education; learning environment; systematic literature review Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4306 SN - 0022-4871 VL - Volume 73 IS - Issue 5 SP - 509 EP - 524 PB - Sage CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brandt, Jan-Ole A1 - Barth, Matthias A1 - Hale, Annie A1 - Merritt, Eileen T1 - Developing ESD-specific professional action competence for teachers: knowledge, skills, and attitudes in implementing ESD at the school level JF - Environmental Education Research N2 - Equipping future change agents with the competencies to lead the societal transformation towards sustainability requires competent and committed teachers who effectively implement Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) across the education system. In a comparative case study, this paper investigates how individual ESD courses in teacher education programs at Leuphana University (Germany) and Arizona State University (USA) support the development of ESD-specific professional action competence for teachers. Applying a mixed-method approach, the specific focus is on the links between supporting or hindering factors that affect pre-service teachers’ actual achievement of intended learning outcomes. The findings indicate that both courses increased students’ competence—yet, to varying degrees. The 4Cs (personal, professional, social, and structural connections) were revealed as the most significant factors affecting students’ learning and should be considered when designing course offerings in Teacher Education for Sustainable Development (TESD) with the goal to develop students’ knowledge, skills, and attitudes. KW - Teacher education; education for sustainable development; learning processes; learning outcomes; drivers and barriers; competence development; connection Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4319 SN - 1350-4622 VL - 28 IS - 12 SP - 1691 EP - 1729 PB - Taylor & Francis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wilms, Florian A1 - Duppel, Nils A1 - Cremer, Tobias A1 - Berendt, Ferréol T1 - Bark Thickness and Heights of the Bark Transition Area of Scots Pine JF - Forests N2 - The estimation of forest biomass is gaining interest not only for calculating harvesting volumes but also for carbon storage estimation. However, bark (and carbon) compounds are not distributed equally along the stem. Particularly when looking at Scots pine, a radical change in the structure of the bark along the stem can be noted. At the bark transition area, the bark changes from thick and rough to thin and smooth. The aim of our study was (1) to analyze the height of the bark transition area where the bark structure changes and (2) to analyze the effect of cardinal direction on the bark thickness. Regression analyses and forward selection were performed including measured tree height, DBH, bark thickness, crown base height and upper and lower heights of the bark transition areas of 375 trees. While the cardinal direction had no effect on bark thickness, DBH was found to have a significant effect on the heights of the bark transition areas, with stand density and tree height having a minor additional effect. These variables can be used to estimate timber volume (without bark) with higher accuracy and to predict the carbon storage potential of forest biomass according to different tree compartments and compounds. KW - bark structure; Pinus sylvestris; forward selection; bark types Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4330 SN - 1999-4907 IS - 12(10) SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gohr, Charlotte A1 - von Wehrden, Henrik A1 - May, Felix A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. T1 - Remotely sensed effectiveness assessments of protected areas lack a common framework: A review JF - Ecosphere N2 - Effective protected areas reflect socio-ecological values, such as biodiversity and habitat maintenance, as well as human well-being. These values, which safeguard ecosystem services in protected areas, are treated as models for the sustainable preservation and use of resources. While there is much research on the effectiveness of protected areas in a variety of disciplines, the question is whether there is a common framework that uses remote sensing methods. We conducted a qualitative and a quantitative analysis of 44 peer-reviewed scientific papers utilizing remote sensing data in order to examine the effectiveness of protected areas. Very few studies to date have a wide or even a global geographical focus; instead, most quantify the effectiveness of protected areas by focusing on local-scale case studies and single indicators such as forest cover change. Methods that help integrate spatial selection approaches, to compare a protected area's characteristics with its surroundings, are increasingly being used. Based on this review, we argue for a multi-indicator-based framework on protected area effectiveness, including the development of a consistent set of socio-ecological indicators for a global analysis. In turn, this will allow for globally applicable use, including a concrete evaluation that considers the diversity of regional parameters, biome-specific variables, and political frameworks. Ideally, such a framework will enhance the monitoring and evaluation of global strategies and conventions. KW - effectiveness; protected areas; remote sensing; socio-ecological indicators Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4799 SN - 2150-8925 N1 - Data are available from figshare: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.17198771 VL - 13 IS - 4 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. T1 - Ein ökosystembasierter Ansatz für den Umgang mit der Waldkrise in der Klimakrise JF - Natur und Landschaft N2 - Die vorherrschenden Strömungen in Diskurs und Praxis forstlicher Klimawandelanpassungen stehen einem ökosystembasierten Ansatz entgegen. Es wird auf Baumarten fokussiert; aktive Anpassung bedeutet oftmals das Anpflanzen ökosystemfremder Arten. Die Bemühungen, zukünftige Waldtypen möglichst artenscharf zu definieren, offenbaren ein deterministisches Gestaltungsparadigma. Dieses kann darauf zurückgeführt werden, dass die bioenergetisch bzw. thermodynamisch untermauerte Nichtgleichgewichtsökologie nicht rezipiert wurde. Auf der Grundlage aktueller systemökologischer Theorien und Befunde wird in zehn Prinzipien ein Ansatz ökosystembasierten Waldmanagements skizziert. Ökosystemfunktionalität kann thermodynamisch beschrieben und quantifiziert werden; im Mittelpunkt steht die Energiedissipation(sfähigkeit). Ökosystembiomasse und -informationsgehalt sowie ein kohärentes holarchisches Netzwerk sind die Grundlage für die physikalische Arbeitsfähigkeit, aber auch für Resistenz und Resilienz. Aus den thermodynamischen Eigenschaften und der Komplexität ergeben sich ontische Offenheit und Unbestimmtheit von Waldökosystemen. Ein ökosystembasiertes Waldmanagement fokussiert auf Strukturen und Prozesse, die Kühlung und Wasserrückhaltung sowie Selbstregulation im System vermitteln. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4841 SN - 0028-0615 VL - 97 IS - 7 SP - 325 EP - 333 PB - W. Kohlhammer ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Selva, Nuria A1 - Kreft, Stefan A1 - Kati, Vassiliki A1 - Schluck, Martin A1 - Jonsson, Bengt-Gunnar A1 - Mihok, Barbara A1 - Okarma, Henryk A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. T1 - Roadless and Low-Traffic Areas as Conservation Targets in Europe JF - Environmental Management N2 - With increasing road encroachment, habitat fragmentation by transport infrastructures has been a serious threat for European biodiversity. Areas with no roads or little traffic (“roadless and low-traffic areas”) represent relatively undisturbed natural habitats and functioning ecosystems. They provide many benefits for biodiversity and human societies (e.g., landscape connectivity, barrier against pests and invasions, ecosystem services). Roadless and low-traffic areas, with a lower level of anthropogenic disturbances, are of special relevance in Europe because of their rarity and, in the context of climate change, because of their contribution to higher resilience and buffering capacity within landscape ecosystems. An analysis of European legal instruments illustrates that, although most laws aimed at protecting targets which are inherent to fragmentation, like connectivity, ecosystem processes or integrity, roadless areas are widely neglected as a legal target. A case study in Germany underlines this finding. Although the Natura 2000 network covers a significant proportion of the country (16%), Natura 2000 sites are highly fragmented and most low-traffic areas (75%) lie unprotected outside this network. This proportion is even higher for the old Federal States (western Germany), where only 20% of the low-traffic areas are protected. We propose that the few remaining roadless and low-traffic areas in Europe should be an important focus of conservation efforts; they should be urgently inventoried, included more explicitly in the law and accounted for in transport and urban planning. Considering them as complementary conservation targets would represent a concrete step towards the strengthening and adaptation of the Natura 2000 network to climate change. KW - Transport policy; Natura 2000; Fragmentation; Conservation law; Conservation targets; Climate change adaptation Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4856 SN - 0364-152X VL - 48 SP - 865 EP - 877 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Koch, Johannes A1 - Simon, Antje A1 - Arndt, Ralf W. A1 - Jahreis, Markus G. T1 - Diskussion zum Erfordernis der jährlichen Hauptprüfung geschützter Holzbrücken JF - Bautechnik N2 - Bauen mit Holz ist im Hinblick auf die klimapolitischen Zielsetzungen Deutschlands zukunftsweisend und unverzichtbar. Brückenbauwerke werden hierzulande jedoch nur selten in Holzbauweise errichtet, da sie aufgrund einiger schlecht geplanter Beispiele unter dem Generalverdacht stehen, nicht dauerhaft zu sein. Daher fordert der Bund in seinen Regelwerken für nahezu alle Holzbrücken eine jährliche Hauptprüfung. Diese Forderung stellt einen erheblichen Wettbewerbsnachteil gegenüber Brücken aus anderen Baustoffen dar, für die nur im sechsjährigen Turnus eine Hauptprüfung vorgeschrieben ist. Um auf der Grundlage belastbarer Messdaten dem Imageverlust der Holzbauweise im Brückenbau zu begegnen, wurden im Forschungsvorhaben Protected Timber Bridges (ProTimB) Langzeitmessungen der Holzfeuchte an neun geschützten Holzbrücken in Deutschland durchgeführt. Über 2,5–6 Jahre wurde die Holzfeuchteentwicklung an Brücken verschiedener Bauarten mit unterschiedlichen kleinklimatischen Randbedingungen aufgezeichnet. Das Ziel der Monitorings war es, die Wirksamkeit eines fachgerechten konstruktiven Holzschutzes aufzuzeigen und den Einfluss eines nahen Gewässers und einer Sprühnebelbeaufschlagung auf die Entwicklung der Holzfeuchte zu untersuchen. Der vorliegende Beitrag fasst die wesentlichen Ergebnisse der Messungen zusammen. Auf Basis der gewonnenen Erkenntnisse wird das Erfordernis einer jährlichen Hauptprüfung für geschützte Holzbrücken über Gewässern diskutiert. KW - Holzbrücke; konstruktiver Holzschutz; Bauwerksprüfung; Monitoring; Holzfeuchte; Brückenbau; Holzbau; Bauwerkserhaltung/Sanierungion Maintenance and Repair Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4861 SN - 1437-0999 VL - 99 IS - S1 Supplement: Holzbau SP - 23 EP - 31 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hebinck, Aniek A1 - Klerkx, Laurens A1 - Elzen, Boelie A1 - Kok, Kristiaan P. W. A1 - König, Bettina A1 - Schiller, Katharina A1 - Tschersich, Julia A1 - van Mierlo, Barbara A1 - von Wirth, Timo T1 - Beyond food for thought – Directing sustainability transitions research to address fundamental change in agri-food systems JF - Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions N2 - Dominant agricultural and food systems lead to continuous resource depletion and unacceptable environmental and social impacts. While current calls for changing agrifood systems are increasingly framed in the context of sustainability transitions, they rarely make an explicit link to transition studies to address these systemic challenges, nor do transition scholars sufficiently address agri-food systems, despite their global pertinence. From this viewpoint, we illustrate several gaps in the agri-food systems debate that sustainability transition studies could engage in. We propose four avenues for research in the next decade of transition research on agri-food systems: 1) Crossscale dynamics between coupled systems; 2) Social justice, equity and inclusion; 3) Sustainability transitions in low- and middle-income countries; 4) Cross-sectoral governance and system integration. We call for a decade of new transition research that moves beyond single-scale and sector perspectives toward more inclusive and integrated analyses of food system dynamics. KW - Agri-food systems; Research agenda; Sustainability transitions; Food systems Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4885 SN - 2210-4224 IS - 41 SP - 81 EP - 85 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Biely, Katharina A1 - von Münchhausen, Susanne A1 - van Passel, Steven T1 - Vertical integration as a strategy to increase value absorption by primary producers: The Belgian sugar beet and the German rapeseed case JF - AIMS Agriculture and Food N2 - Vertical integration is a means of increasing market power. For some agricultural products, it is easier for farmers to exert control over their product beyond the farm gate, but for others it is more difficult. Cases in the latter category have two main characteristics. First, the farmer cannot sell the respective product to final consumers without processing. Second, processing is capital-intensive. Consequently, farmers have limited sales channels, and vertical integration of the supply chain is complex and challenging. It implies cooperation among farmers to process the raw material at a profitable scale and to finance the installation of processing facilities. Thus, for these product categories, farmers are prone to market power issues, since they depend on private businesses that have the financial means to install processing facilities and the logistical capacities to organize the collection of large amounts of raw material. This paper aims to identify and analyze the role of supply chain integration for farmers who are already cooperating horizontally. Two case studies serve as the basis for the analysis: sugar beet in Flanders, Belgium, and oilseed rape in Hessen, Germany. The analysis is based on a qualitative research approach combining interviews, focus groups, and workshops with farmers and processors. While for sugar beet, the effects of market power are emerging only now with the termination of the quota system, farmers growing oilseed rape have been experiencing these problems since the 1990s. Our analysis concludes that most strategies to maintain or improve farm income have been exhausted. Even various forms of vertical integration supported by European policies do not necessarily work as a successful strategy. KW - supply chain; vertical integration; horizontal cooperation; qualitative research; sugar beet; rapeseed Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5610 SN - 2471-2086 VL - 7 IS - 3 SP - 659 EP - 682 PB - AIMS Press ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Marselle, Melissa R. A1 - Hartig, Terry A1 - Cox, Daniel T.C. A1 - de Bell, Siân A1 - Knapp, Sonja A1 - Lindley, Sarah A1 - Triguero-Mas, Margarita A1 - Böhning-Gaese, Katrin A1 - Braubach, Matthias A1 - Cook, Penny A. A1 - de Vries, Sjerp A1 - Heintz-Buschart, Anna A1 - Hofmann, Max A1 - Irvine, Katherine N. A1 - Kabisch, Nadja A1 - Kolek, Franziska A1 - Kraemer, Roland A1 - Markevych, Iana A1 - Martens, Dörte A1 - Müller, Ruth A1 - Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark A1 - Potts, Jacqueline M. A1 - Stadler, Jutta A1 - Walton, Samantha A1 - Warber, Sara L. A1 - Bonn, Aletta T1 - Pathways linking biodiversity to human health: A conceptual framework JF - Environment International N2 - Biodiversity is a cornerstone of human health and well-being. However, while evidence of the contributions of nature to human health is rapidly building, research into how biodiversity relates to human health remains limited in important respects. In particular, a better mechanistic understanding of the range of pathways through which biodiversity can influence human health is needed. These pathways relate to both psychological and social processes as well as biophysical processes. Building on evidence from across the natural, social and health sciences, we present a conceptual framework organizing the pathways linking biodiversity to human health. Four domains of pathways—both beneficial as well as harmful—link biodiversity with human health: (i) reducing harm (e.g. provision of medicines, decreasing exposure to air and noise pollution); (ii) restoring capacities (e.g. attention restoration, stress reduction); (iii) building capacities (e.g. promoting physical activity, transcendent experiences); and (iv) causing harm (e.g. dangerous wildlife, zoonotic diseases, allergens). We discuss how to test components of the biodiversity-health framework with available analytical approaches and existing datasets. In a world with accelerating declines in biodiversity, profound land-use change, and an increase in non-communicable and zoonotic diseases globally, greater understanding of these pathways can reinforce biodiversity conservation as a strategy for the promotion of health for both people and nature. We conclude by identifying research avenues and recommendations for policy and practice to foster biodiversity-focused public health actions. KW - Biodiversity KW - Ecosystem services KW - Nature KW - Mediation KW - Public health KW - Human well-being Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5624 SN - 0160-4120 VL - 150 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Milestad, Rebecka A1 - von Münchhausen, Susanne A1 - Kvam, Gunn-Turid A1 - Schermer, Markus T1 - Managing growth in medium-sized organic businesses: Implications for local orientation and resilience building JF - Sociologia Ruralis N2 - This article explores how locally oriented organic businesses adapt to handle crises during a growth process to build resilience, how these businesses maintain the local orientation when growing and what the implications are for the relationship between territoriality and organic production. We explored four cases of organic businesses in Sweden, Norway, Germany and Austria. The cases can be described as Values-based Territorial Food Networks. All cases experienced challenges and crises during their growth processes and sought to provide stability and flexibility in order to deal with change. The restructuration process required internalising learning into their organisations, using diversity in a strategic way and forming long-term partnerships within their value chains. While organic certification was never at stake, the meaning of ‘local’ shifted in some of the cases. KW - adaptive capacity; local food; organic value chains; resilience; Values-Based Territorial Food Networks Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5631 SN - 0038-0199 SN - 1467-9523 VL - 63 IS - 1; Special Issue: Values-Based Territorial Food Networks' - Benefits, Challenges and Controversies SP - 45 EP - 65 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwarz, Katharina A1 - Bapst, Beat A1 - Holinger, Mirjam A1 - Thüer, Susann A1 - Schleip, Inga A1 - Werne, Steffen T1 - Potentials of using milk performance data and FAMACHA score as indicators for Targeted Selective Treatment in Lacaune dairy sheep in Switzerland JF - Veterinary Parasitology N2 - Targeted Selective Treatment (TST) is one approach to slow down the development of anthelmintic resistance. Its success is closely linked to the correct identification of animals in need of treatment. In dairy goats it has been proposed to use milk yield as TST indicator and to focus treatments on high yielding dairy goats. In dairy sheep the relationship between milk performance and infection with gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) is not well known. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between milk yield and GIN infection in dairy sheep and based on this, to evaluate milk performance data as a potential TST indicator. Overall 1159 Lacaune ewes of 15 dairy sheep farms in Switzerland were included in the study. The ewes were phenotyped once between August and December 2019, when they were at least 70 days in milk (DIM). Individual faecal samples were taken from every ewe to determine the nematode egg concentration per gram faeces (EPG). In addition, the clinical parameters FAMACHA score and packed cell volume (PCV) were measured. Linear mixed models were used to analyse the effects of the collected parameters on EPG. EPG increased significantly with increasing test day milk yields (P = 0.002), indicating high yielding ewes to be less resistant to GIN infections than low yielding ewes. The effect was most pronounced in earlier lactation but remained within a moderate range. Overall, our results indicated the potential of using milk yield data of rather early lactation as TST indicator in dairy sheep. On farms with predominantly H. contortus the combination with FAMACHA might improve the correct identification of highly infected ewes, as FAMACHA was correlated with EPG (r = 0.37, P < 0.001). KW - Gastrointestinal nematodes; Dairy sheep; Milk yield; Targeted selective treatment; Organic farming; Anthelmintic resistance Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5698 SN - 0304-4017 IS - 277 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hirl, Regina T. A1 - Ogée, Jérôme A1 - Ostler, Ulrike A1 - Schäufele, Rudi A1 - Baca Cabrera, Juan C. A1 - Zhu, Jianjun A1 - Schleip, Inga A1 - Wingate, Lisa A1 - Schnyder, Hans T1 - Temperature-sensitive biochemical 18O-fractionation and humidity-dependent attenuation factor are needed to predict δ18O of cellulose from leaf water in a grassland ecosystem JF - New Phytologist N2 - We explore here our mechanistic understanding of the environmental and physiological processes that determine the oxygen isotope composition of leaf cellulose (δ18Ocellulose) in a drought-prone, temperate grassland ecosystem. A new allocation-and-growth model was designed and added to an 18O-enabled soil–vegetation–atmosphere transfer model (MuSICA) to predict seasonal (April–October) and multi-annual (2007–2012) variation of δ18Ocellulose and 18O-enrichment of leaf cellulose (Δ18Ocellulose) based on the Barbour–Farquhar model. Modelled δ18Ocellulose agreed best with observations when integrated over c. 400 growing-degree-days, similar to the average leaf lifespan observed at the site. Over the integration time, air temperature ranged from 7 to 22°C and midday relative humidity from 47 to 73%. Model agreement with observations of δ18Ocellulose (R2 = 0.57) and Δ18Ocellulose (R2 = 0.74), and their negative relationship with canopy conductance, was improved significantly when both the biochemical 18O-fractionation between water and substrate for cellulose synthesis (εbio, range 26–30‰) was temperature-sensitive, as previously reported for aquatic plants and heterotrophically grown wheat seedlings, and the proportion of oxygen in cellulose reflecting leaf water 18O-enrichment (1 – pexpx, range 0.23–0.63) was dependent on air relative humidity, as observed in independent controlled experiments with grasses. Understanding physiological information in δ18Ocellulose requires quantitative knowledge of climatic effects on pexpx and εbio. KW - canopy conductance KW - grassland KW - isotope-enabled soil–vegetation–atmosphere transfer model (MuSICA) KW - 18O-enrichment of cellulose oxygen isotope composition of cellulose KW - perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) KW - relative humidity KW - temperature Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5700 SN - 0028-646X SN - 1469-8137 VL - 229 IS - 6 SP - 3156 EP - 3171 PB - Wiley ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Walk, Heike A1 - Luthardt, Vera A1 - Nölting, Benjamin ED - Reed, Maureen G. ED - Price, Martin F. T1 - Participatory learning for transdisciplinary science in biosphere reserves T2 - UNESCO Biosphere Reserves N2 - Biosphere reserves (BRs) are model regions for testing participatory approaches to establish a new relationship between human beings and nature. This requires changes in land use and in biodiversity and natural resource management. Driving changes of this kind is challenging. BRs, therefore, need knowledge about how to organize participatory processes, prevent conflict and encourage cooperation among multiple stakeholders including municipalities, land users and scientists. Learning, education, experimentation and participation across different cultural contexts play a major role in biosphere reserves. BRs are or should be Science for Sustainability support sites – special places for testing interdisciplinary approaches to understanding and managing changes and interactions between social and ecological systems, including conflict prevention and management of biodiversity. Universities can participate in this learning process by contributing theoretical and empirical knowledge. Moreover, as universities maintain academic neutrality when it comes to the conflicts of interests among stakeholders in BRs, they can play the role of catalyst by initiating and reflecting on processes. With this role for universities, BRs would not only become places for research, but also places for participation and learning for sustainability. In this article, we outline this modified role with three examples of transformative research and teaching between German biosphere reserves and the Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development. Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5240 SN - 9780429428746 PB - Routledge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nölting, Benjamin A1 - König, Bettina A1 - Zimmermann, Anne B. A1 - Di Giulio, Antonietta A1 - Schäfer, Martina A1 - Schneider, Flurina T1 - Dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic: an opportunity to reflect on sustainability research JF - Sustainability Management Forum | NachhaltigkeitsManagementForum N2 - The COVID-19 pandemic has jolted societies out of normality, possibly creating new conditions for sustainability transformations. What does this mean for sustainability research? Because of the scope of the crisis, researchers have been heavily involved: not only have they had to speed up the pace of scientific production to provide urgently needed COVID-19 knowledge, but they have also been affected citizens. For sustainability science, this calls for an experience-based reflection on the positionality and orientation of research aiming to support sustainability transformations. Twenty sustainability researchers discussed their sustainability research on COVID-19 in three workshops based on the following questions: How does the pandemic—and the measures taken to deal with it—affect sustainable development? What can we learn from the pandemic from the perspective of societal transformation? The present discussion paper emerged from this multidisciplinary exchange among sustainability researchers, considering five topics: impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on sustainability transformations; learning for sustainability transformations; the role of solidarity; governance and political steering; and the role of science in society. Our discussions led to a meta-level reflection on what sustainability research can learn from research on COVID-19 regarding topics and disciplinary angles, time dimensions, the role of researchers, and how adequate preparation for both crises and long-term transformations requires interdisciplinary interaction. KW - COVID-19; Corona pandemic; Sustainable development; Sustainability research; Interdisciplinarity; Transformation; Reflection Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5254 SN - 2948-1627 VL - 30 SP - 11 EP - 27 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jochheim, Hubert A1 - Lüttschwager, Dietmar A1 - Riek, Winfried T1 - Stem distance as an explanatory variable for the spatial distribution and chemical conditions of stand precipitation and soil solution under beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees JF - Journal of Hydrology N2 - The partitioning of bulk precipitation (PR) in forest ecosystems and its chemical composition depends on both meteorological factors, such as precipitation amount and intensity, evaporation rate, and wind speed, and stand structural factors, such as stand density, canopy structure, bark texture, and spatiotemporal distribution and density of foliage. We analysed fluxes of water and element contained therein of a mature European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forest stand on sandy soils in northeastern Germany. We applied a radially symmetrical setup within a stem distance gradient to measure stand precipitation (SP) with its components of throughfall (TF) and stemflow (SF), as well as to measure soil moisture, the chemical composition of the soil solution, the soil chemistry, and the fine root distribution. The chemical analysis of the constituents covered the macroelements (Ca, Mg, K, Na, Al, Fe, Mn, Si, S, P), the cations and anions NH4+, NO3–, Cl-, SO42-, and a few heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn). With an average PR of 620 mm a-1, the partitioning resulted in 79% TF, 6% SF, and 15% canopy interception. TF volume increased with distance to stem during summer, but decreased during winter. Clear spatial gradients with increasing concentrations from PR, to different classes of TF as the distance from the trunk decreased, to SF were observed for nearly all elements. The contact of precipitation with leaves and the canopy structures alters the chemical composition of TF and SF by transferring elements from dry deposition or leaching of intracellular materials from the canopy and leads to the input of larger amounts of macroelements and heavy metals with the SP into the soil. Spatial patterns of canopy structures thus affect the spatial variation of TF and its constituents, which also affects the spatial distribution of roots and, at least in phases, the chemical composition of the topsoil solution. KW - Throughfall; Stemflow; Soil solution; Stem distance; Element flux; Fagus; sylvatica Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5306 SN - 0022-1694 SN - 1879-2707 IS - 608 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Winkler, Christoph A1 - Schwarz, Ulrich A1 - Senge, Bernhard T1 - Materialwissenschaftliche Analyse des Abbindeverhaltens von Holzklebstoffen am Beispiel von 1K-PUR JF - Chemie Ingenieur Technik N2 - Das Abbinden von Holzklebstoffen wird bisher anhand von Parametern bewertet, die kaum eine prozesstechnische Optimierung ermöglichen. Mithilfe von Oszillationsmessungen und einem an dem Klebeprozess angepassten Versuchsaufbau kann dieser jedoch detailliert erfasst werden. Am Beispiel durchgeführter Timesweep-Messungen kann der Klebeprozess in charakteristische Bereiche molekularer und struktureller Abläufe eingeteilt werden. Diese Methode wird anhand eines Polyurethan-Prepolymers zum Fügen von Holzwerkstoffen dargestellt und analysiert. KW - Holz; Kinetik; Polyurethan; Rheologie; Strukturentwicklung Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5323 SN - 0009-286X SN - 1522-2640 VL - 92 IS - 6 SP - 759 EP - 768 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Winkler, Christoph A1 - Rodriguez Agudo, José Alberto A1 - Schwarz, Ulrich A1 - Schäffler, Michael T1 - Process-Oriented Rheology of Packaging Adhesives JF - adhesion ADHESIVES + SEALANTS Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5333 SN - 2192-2624 SP - 19 EP - 24 PB - Springer Nature ER -