TY - JOUR A1 - Leuschner, Fabian A1 - Eiling, Anna A1 - Jonas, Benjamin A1 - Einsporn, Jana A1 - Jandziol, Claudia A1 - Krümmer, Manja A1 - Tossmann, Peter T1 - Gesundheitsverhalten und psychische Belastung Studierender JF - Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung N2 - Hintergrund Hochschulen engagieren sich zunehmend für die Gesundheit ihrer Studierenden. Voraussetzung für die Planung und Umsetzung bedarfsgerechter Maßnahmen eines studentischen Gesundheitsmanagements an Hochschulen ist die Durchführung einer Bedarfsanalyse. Ziel der Arbeit Wir beschreiben die Implementation eines Gesundheitsmonitorings für Studierende und stellen ausgewählte Ergebnisse zweier Hochschulen dar. Um einen hochschulspezifischen Handlungsbedarf zu prüfen, werden Unterschiede im Gesundheitsverhalten und dem Belastungserleben zwischen den Studierenden der beiden Hochschulen herausgearbeitet. Methoden Gemeinsam mit Fachkräften beteiligter Hochschulen wurde partizipativ ein Fragebogeninstrument zur Erfassung des Gesundheitsverhaltens und der psychischen Belastung entwickelt und eine Online-Befragung der Studierenden an den beteiligten Hochschulen umgesetzt. Zentrale Ergebnisse zweier Hochschulen werden deskriptiv dargestellt, Unterschiede zwischen den Hochschulen werden mit Konfidenzintervallen geprüft. Ergebnisse Daten von 856 Studierenden aus zwei Hochschulen wurden ausgewertet. Es zeigen sich signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Hochschulen hinsichtlich des Ernährungsverhaltens, des Tabak- und des Cannabiskonsums der Studierenden. Diskussion Die Ergebnisse des Gesundheitsmonitorings geben Hinweise auf hochschulspezifische Ansatzpunkte für Maßnahmen der Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention. KW - Hochschule; Gesundheitsförderung; Bedarfsanalyse; Gesundheitsberichterstattung; Gesundheitsmanagement Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2130 SN - 1861-6755 VL - 16 IS - 4 SP - 303 EP - 309 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aschenbrand, Erik A1 - Michler, Thomas T1 - Why Do UNESCO Biosphere Reserves Get Less Recognition than National Parks? A Landscape Research Perspective on Protected Area Narratives in Germany JF - Sustainability N2 - This paper explores how landscape research can contribute to our understanding of why integrated protected area concepts like biosphere reserves get less recognition than national parks. In this regard, we analysed policy documents and online communication of biosphere reserves and national parks, conducted qualitative interviews with conservation professionals and volunteers as well as participant observation in order to identify and compare narratives that guide the communication and perception of both protected area categories. The results show how national parks offer a clear interpretation of space by building on landscape stereotypes and creating landscape legibility and experience-ability through touristification. National Parks also experience conflicts about proper management and combine a variety of goals, often including regional development. Nevertheless, their narrative is unambiguous and powerful. Biosphere reserves, on the other hand, have an image problem that is essentially due to the difficulty of communicating their objectives. They confront the difficult task of creating a vision that combines development and conservation while integrating contrarious landscape stereotypes. We argue for a fundamental engagement with protected area narratives, as this improves understanding of protected areas’ transformative potential. KW - protected areas KW - biosphere reserves KW - national parks KW - narrative KW - landscape Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2166 SN - 2071-1050 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reder, Stefan A1 - Mund, Jan-Peter A1 - Albert, Nicole A1 - Waßermann, Lilli A1 - Miranda, Luis T1 - Detection of Windthrown Tree Stems on UAV-Orthomosaics Using U-Net Convolutional Networks JF - Remote Sensing N2 - The increasing number of severe storm events is threatening European forests. Besides the primary damages directly caused by storms, there are secondary damages such as bark beetle outbreaks and tertiary damages due to negative effects on the market. These subsequent damages can be minimized if a detailed overview of the affected area and the amount of damaged wood can be obtained quickly and included in the planning of clearance measures. The present work utilizes UAV-orthophotos and an adaptation of the U-Net architecture for the semantic segmentation and localization of windthrown stems. The network was pre-trained with generic datasets, randomly combining stems and background samples in a copy–paste augmentation, and afterwards trained with a specific dataset of a particular windthrow. The models pre-trained with generic datasets containing 10, 50 and 100 augmentations per annotated windthrown stems achieved F1-scores of 73.9% (S1Mod10), 74.3% (S1Mod50) and 75.6% (S1Mod100), outperforming the baseline model (F1-score 72.6%), which was not pre-trained. These results emphasize the applicability of the method to correctly identify windthrown trees and suggest the collection of training samples from other tree species and windthrow areas to improve the ability to generalize. Further enhancements of the network architecture are considered to improve the classification performance and to minimize the calculative costs. KW - forest damage assessment KW - windthrow detection KW - deep learning KW - U-Net KW - UAV KW - semantic segmentation KW - natural disaster analysis Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2213 SN - 2072-4292 VL - 14 IS - 1 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spies, Michael T1 - Promises and perils of the China-Pakistan economic corridor: agriculture and export prospects in northern Pakistan JF - Eurasian Geography and Economics N2 - The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a mega-project of primarily infrastructure-related loans and investments in Pakistan. Recently, the official discourse has increasingly shifted to the agricultural sector. For the region of Gilgit-Baltistan bordering China, academic and policy debates highlight the potential boost of fruit exports to China as the most promising opportunity to be leveraged through the CPEC. This paper scrutinizes these promises from a locally grounded perspective, investigating potential benefits and risks for local farmers. To make sense of the complex interplay between external and local actors, interests, markets and (infra)structures, the paper follows an assemblage-inspired approach to map out local trajectories. Contrary to the CPEC narrative, agricultural exports from Gilgit-Baltistan recently came to a halt, due to increasing trade barriers and seemingly competing agricultural developments in neighboring Xinjiang, China. Moreover, the economically most promising local crop for export to China, namely cherries, does not seem too promising for the majority of small farmers. There are other commodities with export potential, but overall, prospects appear to be limited. There is a need for a deeper engagement with the inherent complexities of CPEC trajectories, particularly in regards to local farming contexts in Pakistan and relevant developments in China. KW - Agricultural export KW - CPEC KW - Agrarian change KW - Mountain farming KW - Assemblage KW - Belt and Road Initiative Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2259 SN - 1938-2863 PB - Taylor & Francis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spies, Michael A1 - Schick, Axel A1 - Karomatov, Sharofiddin A1 - Bakokhoja, Bobozoda A1 - Zikriyokhon, Khaidarov A1 - Jobirov, Shonazar A1 - Bloch, Ralf A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. T1 - Adapting a Participatory and Ecosystem-Based Assessment Impacted by the Pandemic: Lessons Learned With Farmers in Tajikistan JF - Frontiers in sustainable Food Systems N2 - The paper presents a systemic and participatory assessment approach and scrutinizes how methodological changes necessitated during the Covid-19 pandemic implicated the process and its outcomes. The approach was applied in rural Tajikistan to evaluate changes effected by a development project that promoted the enhancement of biodiversity and ecosystem services in agrarian landscapes. The central building block of the assessment consisted of participatory workshops in 2018 and 2020 with farmers and other stakeholders to develop a systemic knowledge map and to evaluate the promoted strategies based on local expertise. The methodological basis was MARISCO (adaptive MAnagement of vulnerability and RISk at COnservation sites), a holistic and participatory approach to ecosystem-based assessment and management that requires well-trained facilitators. While the activities in 2018 could be implemented as planned, major changes in the work plan were necessary in 2020 due to severe travel restrictions and social distancing rules. Conducting virtual workshops was not possible, as it would have excluded key stakeholders from the process. Instead of conducting a comprehensive assessment workshop guided by two German MARISCO facilitators as originally planned, a series of short and small workshops could be realized. These workshops were facilitated by Tajik scientists after receiving virtual training from their German colleagues. Although it was possible to bring the assessment to a satisfactory conclusion, the methodological changes revealed significant drawbacks. Radical simplifications of the methods were necessary that led to reduced depth of the assessment and missed learning opportunities for participants. Limited experience in workshop guidance by the new facilitators posed challenges to the participatory process and the quality of its outcomes. While the adapted method created training effects that would otherwise have been missed, it also put additional pressure on the capacities of local partners. Our experience during the pandemic offers valuable lessons learned for future applications of systemic-participatory approaches. Whereas, a complete shift to remote applications is problematic, there is a need to put greater emphasis on capacitating local partners. Methodological trade-offs are necessary for partially remote working processes, but principles of participation and systemic thinking should not be compromised. KW - Eco-system-based sustainable development KW - MARISCO KW - Participatory methods KW - Biodiversity and ecosystem service assessment KW - Sustainable agriculture KW - Tajikistan Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2263 SN - 2571-581X IS - 5 PB - Frontiers ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krah, Jennifer A1 - Reimann, Julian A1 - Molitor, Heike T1 - Sustainability in Brandenburg Study Programs. Perspectives for Anchoring Sustainability in Higher Education Curricula JF - Sustainabilty N2 - The study investigates the extent to which sustainability is anchored in university curricula of a federal state (Brandenburg, Germany). (1) It provides a baseline for identifying opportunities for sustainability-related curriculum reform by analyzing study programs, levels and type of degree, level of anchoring, and context within the documents. (2) The case studies included an analysis and quantitative evaluation of 748 curricular documents. (3) A third of the study programs refer to sustainability; to an equal extent in both bachelor’s and master’s programs, and to an above-average extent in the fields of science and engineering. There is a strong commitment to sustainability in 12% of the curricula; however, it is strongly anchored in only 3% of study and examination regulations, and in only 9% of module descriptions. (4) For the first time, we have comprehensive results on sustainability in university curricula of an entire federal state and can discuss potentials for its further integration. The innovative method was developed out of the National Monitoring on Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) and adapted to the federal state level; the analysis of curricula through a wider set of variables is transferrable to other states. (5) The study provides indications for the regional development of universities which is crucial for future regional sustainability transformation. KW - higher education KW - sustainability KW - transformation KW - curricula KW - sustainability courses KW - education for sustainable development (ESD) KW - education policy KW - governance KW - regional development KW - monitoring and evaluation KW - document analysis Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2438 SN - 2071-1050 VL - 13 IS - 7 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Demele, Uwe A1 - Nölting, Benjamin A1 - Crewett, Wibke A1 - Georgiev, Georgi T1 - Sustainability Transfer as a Concept for Universities in Regional Transformation—A Case Study JF - Sustainabilty N2 - The research object of this study is the in-depth discourse on the sustainability transfer activities of higher education institutions (HEIs) and their contribution to a regional sustainable transformation. For this purpose, a heuristically-derived concept of sustainability transfer is empirically tested with a mixed-methods approach based on the example of Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development (HNEE). The empirical findings demonstrate that the realization of sustainability transfer depends mainly on the personal initiative of teachers and researchers. Major barriers are a lack of time and financial resources. The observed concept of sustainability transfer is applicable to all study and research areas of HNEE. Involvement in sustainability transfer can include the whole of society, from politics, enterprises, and civil society to education and research institutions. Overall, the empirical testing of the concept offered by this study illustrates its practical suitability to capturing specifically those sustainability transfer activities that are not tapped by third mission approaches. This opens up a novel dimension for transfer potential at universities and their role in regional sustainability transformation. It also highlights that the interdependencies between HEIs and practitioners need to be more contextualized with quality criteria such as the value of the transfer performance or level of ambition. KW - higher education institutions KW - sustainability transformation KW - practitioner-university partnership KW - sustainable development KW - sustainable transfer Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2456 SN - 2071-1050 VL - 13 IS - 9 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mehta, Kedar A1 - Ehrenwirth, Mathias A1 - Missall, Siegmund A1 - Degembaeva, Nadira A1 - Akmatov, Kuban A1 - Zörner, Wilfried T1 - Energy Profiling of a High-Altitude Kyrgyz Community: Challenges and Motivations to Preserve Floodplain Ecosystems Based on Household Survey JF - Sustainabilty N2 - The floodplain areas along the Naryn River in Kyrgyzstan are essential as they hold the riparian (local) ecosystems because they provide firewood, pastureland, and areas for recreation and protection against erosion. Due to limited access to adequate, reliable, and sustainable energy services, the rural population usually derived their energy needs from multiple natural energy resources (i.e., firewood, charcoal, agricultural residues, animal dung, and wood branches). This is considered a common and predominant practice in rural Kyrgyzstan. This situation leads to a negative impact on local ecosystem services. In addition to that, the reliance on solid fuels contributes to indoor and outdoor air pollution, which is partially threatening the local ecosystem services. By contrast, the employment of renewable-based energy supply systems would substantially reduce the burden on the environment, which is mainly untapped. To integrate renewable energies, it is important to understand the energy behavior of floodplain communities. In that response, the presented article is the first attempt to capture the energy identity of the floodplain community of Kyrgyzstan based on a quantitative energy-based (on-site) household survey. Furthermore, the present research article synthesizes the driving factors that have a (direct or indirect) impact on the energy and local ecosystem services. In addition, the present article proposes a brief pathway for the sustainable energy transition. The article records the recommendation to integrate renewable energies to preserve the local ecosystems of Kyrgyzstan. KW - Central Asia KW - ecosystem services KW - energy pattern KW - energy profiling KW - floodplain community KW - high-altitude KW - household survey KW - Kyrgyzstan KW - renewable energies KW - Sustainability Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2468 SN - 2071-1050 VL - 13 IS - 23 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ziche, Daniel A1 - Riek, Winfried A1 - Russ, Alexander A1 - Hentschel, Rainer A1 - Martin, Jan T1 - Water Budgets of Managed Forests in Northeast Germany under Climate Change - Results from a Model Study on Forest Monitoring Sites JF - Applied Sciences N2 - To develop measures to reduce the vulnerability of forests to drought, it is necessary to estimate specific water balances in sites and to estimate their development with climate change scenarios. We quantified the water balance of seven forest monitoring sites in northeast Germany for the historical time period 1961–2019, and for climate change projections for the time period 2010–2100. We used the LWF-BROOK90 hydrological model forced with historical data, and bias-adjusted data from two models of the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) downscaled with regional climate models under the representative concentration pathways (RCPs) 2.6 and 8.5. Site-specific monitoring data were used to give a realistic model input and to calibrate and validate the model. The results revealed significant trends (evapotranspiration, dry days (actual/potential transpiration < 0.7)) toward drier conditions within the historical time period and demonstrate the extreme conditions of 2018 and 2019. Under RCP8.5, both models simulate an increase in evapotranspiration and dry days. The response of precipitation to climate change is ambiguous, with increasing precipitation with one model. Under RCP2.6, both models do not reveal an increase in drought in 2071–2100 compared to 1990–2019. The current temperature increase fits RCP8.5 simulations, suggesting that this scenario is more realistic than RCP2.6 KW - evapotranspiration KW - soil moisture KW - drought KW - CMIP5 KW - RCP KW - LWF-BROOK90 KW - ICP Forest KW - soil hydrological model Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2470 SN - 2076-3417 VL - 11 IS - 5 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Braun, Charis Linda A1 - Bitsch, Vera A1 - Häring, Anna Maria T1 - Behind the scenes of a learning agri-food value chain: lessons from action research JF - Agriculture and Human Values N2 - The development of sustainable agri-food systems requires not only new academic knowledge, but also concrete social and organizational change in practice. This article reflects on the action research process that supported and explored the learning process in an emerging agri-food value chain in the Berlin-Brandenburg region in eastern Germany. The action research study involved value chain actors, academic researchers, and process facilitators in a learning network. By framing the network’s learning and problem solving processes in concepts of organizational learning, lessons were drawn for researchers and value chain developers. The results underline the importance of process facilitation in a learning value chain to create a social space, in which the actors in the value chain can interact and find a common basis for collaboration. In the learning process, facilitators used an iterative design to consistently align learning activities with the needs of practitioners to ensure practical relevance. To establish new practices and partnerships, value chain actors challenged existing routines and developed new ideas and visions, while at the same time improving established practices within their organizations and along the entire value chain. KW - Action research KW - Organizational learning KW - Process faciliation KW - Grounded theory KW - Local and organic food Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2481 SN - 1572-8366 VL - 39 SP - 119 EP - 134 PB - Springer Science+Business Media B.V. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schuster, Rolf K. A1 - Specht, Peter A1 - Rieger, Siegfried T1 - On the Helminth Fauna of the Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus (Linnaeus, 1766)) in the Barnim District of Brandenburg State/Germany JF - Animals N2 - The muskrat is a neozoon species that has occupied many countries of continental North Europe after its introduction from north America as fur animals. Due to its burrowing activity it damages river and canal banks and structures of flood control. For this reason, the eradication of this alien species is recommended. Muskrats are also of parasitological interest since they can act as suitable intermediate hosts for Echinococcus multilocularis. On the other hand, little is known on the other helminths that infect muskrats. A total of 130 muskrats of different age groups trapped in different habitats in the Barnim district of the Brandenburg state by a professional hunter were examined for parasites and seven trematodes (Echinostoma sp., Notocotylus noyeri, Plagiorchis elegans, Plagiorchis arvicolae, Psilosostoma simillimum, P. spiculigerum, Opisthorchis felineus and four larval cestode species (Hydatigera taeniaeformis, Taenia martis, Taenia polyacantha, Taenia crassiceps) were detected. Larval stages of E. multilocularis were not found. O. felineus was found for the first time in muskrats in Germany. All the named parasites were present in Europe prior to the introduction of muskrats. With a prevalence of 48.9%, Strobilocercus fasciolaris, the larval stage of the cat tapeworm, H. taeniaeformis, was the most frequent parasite found in adult muskrats. KW - Ondatra zibethicus KW - Helminths KW - Federal State of Brandenburg KW - Germany Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2496 SN - 2076-2615 VL - 11 IS - 8 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. A1 - Dichte, Angela A1 - Hamor, Fedir D. A1 - Holovko, Andrii A1 - Pokynchereda, Vasyl F. A1 - Ryback, Mykola P. A1 - Shvediuk, Iuliia T1 - About borders and limits: experiences with UNESCO Biosphere Reserves for transboundary cooperation in Ukraine and neighbouring countries JF - eco.mont - Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research and Management N2 - In Eastern Europe, several UNESCO Biosphere Reserves (BRs) have been important promoters of transnational and transboundary nature conservation and sustainable development. Nevertheless, political and institutional barriers and scarcity of resources have hindered successful cross-border cooperation. The prospects for BRs in Eastern Europe are mixed, especially in relation to the challenges of ecosystem degradation and climate change, as well as socioeconomic and (geo)political crises. Based on our own experience of one and a half decades of growing cooperation between partners in Ukraine and Germany, we conclude that transnational cooperation between BRs and science is particularly rewarding and mutually beneficial. KW - Biosphere reserves KW - Eastern Europe KW - Ukraine KW - Transboundary cooperation Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2508 SN - 2073-1558 VL - 13 SP - 136 EP - 141 PB - Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schillaci, Guido A1 - Schmidt, Uwe A1 - Miranda, Luis T1 - Prediction Error-Driven Memory Consolidation for Continual Learning: On the Case of Adaptive Greenhouse Models JF - KI - Künstliche Intelligenz N2 - This work presents an adaptive architecture that performs online learning and faces catastrophic forgetting issues by means of an episodic memory system and of prediction-error driven memory consolidation. In line with evidence from brain sciences, memories are retained depending on their congruence with the prior knowledge stored in the system. In this work, congruence is estimated in terms of prediction error resulting from a deep neural model. The proposed AI system is transferred onto an innovative application in the horticulture industry: the learning and transfer of greenhouse models. This work presents models trained on data recorded from research facilities and transferred to a production greenhouse. KW - Adaptive models KW - Deep neural networks KW - Episodic memory KW - Memory consolidation KW - Greenhouse Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2510 SN - 1610-1987 VL - 35 SP - 71 EP - 80 PB - Springer ER - TY - JOUR A1 - de Miguel-Díez, Felipe A1 - Tolosana Esteban, Eduardo A1 - Purfürst, Thomas A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - Analysis of the Influence That Parameters Crookedness and Taper Have on Stack Volume by Using a 3D-Simulation Model of Wood Stacks JF - Forests N2 - The influence that parameters crookedness and taper have on the stack volume was analyzed by using a 3D-simulation model in this study. To do so, log length, diameters at the midpoint and both ends, crookedness, bark thickness, taper and ovality were measured in 1000 logs of Scots pine. From this database, several data sets with different proportions of crooked and tapered logs in stack as well as with different degrees of taper and crookedness were created and taken as basis to simulate the stacks and carry out the analysis. The results show how the variation of these parameters influences the stack volume and provide their volume variation grades. These rates of variation were compared with measurement guidelines of some countries and previous research works. In conclusion, the parameters crookedness and taper influence the stack volume to a considerable extent. Specifically, the stack volume is increased as the crookedness degree or the proportion of crooked logs increases. In contrast, the stack volume is reduced as the taper degree or the proportion of tapered logs increases. Furthermore, the results demonstrate the capability of this simulation model to provide accurate results which can serve as a basis for future studies. KW - Log properties KW - Stack volume KW - Solid wood content KW - Roundwood measurement Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2527 SN - 1999-4907 VL - 12 IS - 2 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bussola, Francesca A1 - Falco, Enzo A1 - Aukes, Ewert A1 - Stegmaier, Peter A1 - Sorge, Stefan A1 - Ciolli, Marco A1 - Gagliano, Caterina A1 - Geneletti, Davide T1 - Piloting a more inclusive governance innovation strategy for forest ecosystem services management in Primiero, Italy JF - Ecosystem Services N2 - Forests are increasingly recognized for their role, importance and multifunctionality in terms of provisioning, regulating and cultural ecosystem services they provide. Even if timber production remains the most economically valuable provisioning service in Primiero, the importance of and need for multifunctionality of forests is acknowledged. This article analyses the development of Forest Ecosystem Services (FES) governance innovation strategies by the Provincial Forest Agency as a policy entrepreneur in the area of Primiero, in Trentino, northeast of Italy. Based on detailed case study material, we create the heuristic of Kingdon’s three streams model in order to reconstruct the development of and negotiations around the introduction of innovative approaches to the problem, policy and politics levels and to identify the chosen or missed windows of opportunity to deliver innovation in FES management. Findings show that the main issues perceived by the local stakeholders concern loss of biodiversity, of cultural identity and historical landscape values. The policy-entrepreneurial initiatives undertaken by the Forest Agency represent a governance mix of direct project execution, financial incentives, organisational incentives and information-based activities. The results highlight its efforts to move beyond the traditional top-down approach based on widely available public funds and towards coordination and collaborations among stakeholders, contribution of private investments, bureaucracy simplification and interconnection between participatory and institutional processes. KW - Policy entrepreneurship KW - Participation KW - Governance innovation KW - Managing governance setbacks KW - Multifunctional forest management KW - Multiple Streams Approach Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2531 VL - 52 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Takov, Danail A1 - Pilarska, Daniela A1 - Linde, Andreas A1 - Barta, Marek T1 - Infectious and parasitic diseases of phytophagous insect pests in the context of extreme environmental conditions JF - Central European Forestry Journal N2 - The density of phytophagous insect pest populations is related (directly and indirectly) to several groups of factors that can be broadly divided into: abiotic, biotic and anthropogenic. Each extreme in the abiotic environment at a macro-level leads to a series of consecutive extremes in the biotic environment, which eventually results in micro-level responses in the individual organisms. The manifestation of factors acts in aggregate or in a sequence, creating a chain of processes around us. Insects very efficiently use the abundance of nutritional resources, resulting in a tremendous increase in their population density, and triggering control mechanisms through the emergence of parasitic and pathogenic infections (viruses, bacteria, fungi, microsporidia, protozoa and nematodes). The development of entomopathogenic infections in host populations is directly dependent on the characteristics of both the antagonist and the insect. It is associated with the lifestyle and life cycle of the insect, with features encoded in the mechanism of pathogen action, and limited by the pathogen’s virulence and pathogenicity. KW - Entomopathogenic infections KW - Environmental conditions KW - Extreme KW - Insect pests KW - Epizootic Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2541 SN - 2454-0358 VL - 67 IS - 2 SP - 72 EP - 84 PB - Sciendo ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmelzle, Sebastian A1 - Bruns, Stefan A1 - Beckmann, Felix A1 - Moosmann, Julian A1 - Lautner, Silke T1 - Using In Situ Synchrotron-Radiation-Based Microtomography to Investigate 3D Structure-Dependent Material Properties of Tension Wood JF - Advanced Engineering Materials N2 - Synchrotron-radiation-based microtomography enables the 3D analysis of biological samples in situ beyond simple visualization, providing accurate measurements and recording of temporal data. The microtomography end station at P05 (PETRA III, Hamburg, Germany), operated by the Helmholtz Zentrum Hereon, can accommodate complex sample environments such as a load frame for mechanical testing. Herein, the strain analysis of a volumetric time series dataset of small hardwood samples is presented. For this in situ mechanical testing, the load frame is operated in tensile mode, and the biogenic material samples are subdivided into those specialized for tensile forces and those of regular anatomical structure. Digital volume correlation analysis allows for the prediction of strain development at any position in the sample. The tissue specialized for tensile strength can align dislocations formed under tension such that the deformation is stronger and more ordered. The results show how high-resolution imaging of sequential loading and the subsequent localization of strain can reveal functional morphological relationships. These methods can be extended to other biological materials and may prove to be extremely relevant for the analyses of fibrous and/or layered composite materials. KW - digital volume correlation KW - load frame KW - mechanical testing KW - synchroton-radiation-based-microtomography KW - wood Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-1925 SN - 1438-1656 VL - 23 IS - 11 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schäfer, Jesco A1 - Jager, Christopher A1 - Schwarz, Ulrich A1 - Winkler, Christoph T1 - Improving the usability of piezoresistive bond lines in wood by using impedance measurements JF - Wood Science and Technology N2 - Various studies on wood adhesives filled with conductive fillers for future application to structural monitoring showed a piezoresistive (resistance change with strain) response of the adhesive bond lines that is measurable under direct current. The results also showed a relatively high signal noise with low sensitivity. Using impedance spectroscopy as a measurement technique, the improvements in frequency-dependent piezoresistivity over DC (Direct Current) resistography of multifunctional bonded wood were studied. Beech specimens were bonded by one-component polyurethane prepolymer (1C-PUR) filled with carbon black and tested under shear load. The quality of the piezoresistive properties was described by calculating the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the measured signal. A setup-specific frequency band with optimized SNR between 100 kHz and 1 MHz could be derived from the measurements. Several frequencies showed a signal with higher quality resulting in a higher SNR. Regardless of the variations in impedance spectra for all specimens, this frequency band provided several frequencies with improved signal quality. These frequencies give a more reliable signal with lower noise compared to the signal from DC resistography. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-1942 SN - 0043-7719 VL - 55 IS - 4 SP - 937 EP - 954 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Winkler, Christoph A1 - Haase, Stefan A1 - Schwarz, Ulrich A1 - Jahreis, Markus T1 - Piezoresistive bond lines for timber construction monitoring—experimental scale-up JF - Wood Science and Technology N2 - Several laboratory studies and experiments have demonstrated the usability of polymer films filled with electrically conductive filler as piezoresistive material. Applied to adhesives, the glue lines of wood products can achieve multifunctional—thus bonding and piezoresistive/strain sensing—properties. Based on critical load areas in timber constructions, upscaled test setups for simplified load situations were designed, especially with regard to a stress-free electrical contact. In a second step, another upscaling was done to small glulam beams. Based on an experimental test sequence, the piezoresistive reactions as well as the behaviour until failure were analysed. The results show in all cases that a piezoresistive reaction of the multifunctionally bonded specimens was measurable, giving a difference in the extent of relative change. Additionally, measured phenomena like inverse piezoresistive reactions, electrical resistance drift and the absence of a piezoresistive reaction were discussed, based on additional strain analysis by digital image correlation. A model of macroscopic and microscopic strains influencing the piezoresistive reaction of the electrically conductive bond line in wood was used to explain all experimental results. Finally, a first scale-up of piezoresistive bond lines from laboratory samples to glulam beams was possible and successful. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-1959 SN - 0043-7719 VL - 55 IS - 4 SP - 1379 EP - 1400 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gillich, Benjamin A1 - Michler, Frank-Uwe A1 - Stolter, Caroline A1 - Rieger, Siegfried T1 - Differences in social-space–time behaviour of two red deer herds (Cervus elaphus) JF - acta ethologica N2 - Social-space–time-behaviour has developed very differently (e.g. a, loner, a herd, a pack) in the animal kingdom and depends on many different factors, like food availability, competition, predator avoidance or disturbances. It is known, that red deer are differently distributed in human disturbed areas compared to areas with less anthropogenic influences. But knowledge about the potential influence of human presence on social associations and interactions is rare, albeit differences may result in changing impacts on the environment, such as habitat utilization and feeding damage. Therefore, we investigated differences in the space use and social association of red deer. We studied two radio-collared herds of non-migratory populations in two study areas, which were comparable in landscape structure and vegetation structure, but differed in accessibility for visitors and the extent of their presence. Between the two study sites we compared the home range size, the differences in the extent of home range overlap within each study site and the space–time association (Jacobs Index) of individuals. Additionally, we present data on seasonal variations of home range sizes and social association all year round. In order to compare human activity in the study sites, we used the data from our long-term camera trap monitoring. The herd in the area with more human activity had significantly smaller home ranges and had greater year-round social associations in almost all seasons, except summer. We assume that smaller home ranges and higher association between animals may result in a higher feeding pressure on plants and a patchier utilization in areas with higher disturbances. KW - social associations KW - social behaviour KW - space-time-behaviour KW - grouping behaviour Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-1962 SN - 0873-9749 VL - 24 IS - 3 SP - 185 EP - 195 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berendt, Ferréol A1 - Pegel, Erik A1 - Blasko, Lubomir A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - Bark proportion of Scots pine industrial wood JF - European Journal of Wood and Wood Products N2 - Bark characteristics are not only used in the forest-wood supply chain, for example to calculate standing volumes, but also to transform wood volumes and masses. In this study, bark thickness, bark volume and bark mass were analyzed on the basis of 150 Scots pine discs, with a mean diameter of 13 cm. The mean double bark thickness was 3.02 mm, the mean bark volume proportion was 5.6% and mean bark mass proportion was 3.3%. Bark proportions were significantly affected by the log-specific variables ‘diameter over bark’, ‘proportion of bark damage’ and ‘double bark thickness’. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-1975 SN - 0018-3768 VL - 79 IS - 3 SP - 749 EP - 752 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berendt, Ferréol A1 - de Miguel-Diez, Felipe A1 - Wallor, Evelyn A1 - Blasko, Lubomir A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - Comparison of different approaches to estimate bark volume of industrial wood at disc and log scale JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Within the wood supply chain, the measurement of roundwood plays a key role due to its high economic impact. While wood industry mainly processes the solid wood, the bark mostly remains as an industrial by-product. In Central Europe, it is common that the wood is sold over bark but that the price is calculated on a timber volume under bark. However, logs are often measured as stacks and, thus, the volume includes not only the solid wood content but also the bark portion. Mostly, the deduction factors used to estimate the solid wood content are based on bark thickness. The aim of this study was to compare the estimation of bark volume from scaling formulae with the real bark volume, obtained by xylometric technique. Moreover, the measurements were performed using logs under practice conditions and using discs under laboratory conditions. The mean bark volume was 6.9 dm3 and 26.4 cm3 for the Norway spruce logs and the Scots pine discs respectively. Whereas the results showed good performances regarding the root mean square error, the coefficient of determination (R2) and the mean absolute error for the volume estimation of the total volume of discs and logs (over bark), the performances were much lower for the bark volume estimations only. KW - Environmental sciences; Physics Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-1987 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 11 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blumröder, Jeanette Silvin A1 - May, Felix A1 - Härdtle, Werner A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. T1 - Forestry contributed to warming of forest ecosystems in northern Germany during the extreme summers of 2018 and 2019 JF - Ecological Solutions and Evidence N2 - 1. Forest management influences a variety of ecosystem structures and processes relevant to meso- and microclimatic regulation, but little research has been done on how forest management can mitigate the negative effects of climate change on forest ecosystems. 2. We studied the temperature regulation capacity during the two Central European extreme summers in 2018 and 2019 in Scots pine plantations and European beech forests with different management-related structural characteristics. 3. We found that the maximum temperature was higher when more trees were cut and canopy was more open. Logging 100 trees per hectare increased maximum temperature by 0.21–0.34 K at ground level and by 0.09–0.17 K in 1.3 m above ground. Opening the forest canopy by 10% significantly increased Tmax, measured 1.3 m above ground by 0.46 K (including pine and beech stands) and 0.35 K (only pine stands). At ground level, Tmax increased by 0.53 K for the model including pine and beech stands and by 0.41 K in pure pine stands. Relative temperature cooling capacity decreased with increasing wood harvest activities, with below average values in 2018 (and 2019) when more than 656 (and 867) trees per hectare were felled. In the pine forests studied, the relative temperature buffering capacity 1.3 m above ground was lower than average values for all sample plots when canopy cover was below 82%. In both study years, mean maximum temperature measured at ground level and in 1.3 m was highest in a pine-dominated sample plots with relatively low stand volume (177 m3 ha−1) and 9 K lower in a sample plot with relatively high stock volumes of Fagus sylvatica (>565 m3 ha−1). During the hottest day in 2019, the difference in temperature peaks was more than 13 K for pine-dominated sample plots with relatively dense (72%) and low (46%) canopy cover. 4. Structural forest characteristics influenced by forest management significantly affect microclimatic conditions and therefore ecosystem vulnerability to climate change. We advocate keeping the canopy as dense as possible (at least 80%) by maintaining sufficient overgrowth and by supporting deciduous trees that provide effective shade. KW - climate change KW - forest functionality KW - regulating ecosystem services KW - cooling KW - drought events KW - forest canopy KW - temperature regulation Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-1992 SN - 2688-8319 VL - 2 IS - 3 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berendt, Ferréol A1 - Wolfgramm, Felix A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - Reliability of photo-optical measurements of log stack gross volume JF - Silva Fennica N2 - In terms of assessing economic impact, one of the most important elements in the wood supply chain is the measurement of round wood. Besides the one-by-one measurement of logs, logs are often measured when stacked at the forest road. The gross stacked volume includes the volume of the wood, bark and airspace and is widely used for industrial wood assortments. The increasing international attention given to photo-optical measurement systems for portable devices is due to their simplicity of use and efficiency. The aim of this study was to compare the gross volumes of hardwood log stacks measured using one widespread photo-optical app with two manual section-wise volume estimations of log stacks based on the German framework agreement for timber trade (RVR). The manual volume estimations were done starting from the left (RVRleft) and right (RVRright) sides of the log stacks. The results showed an average deviation of the photo-optical gross volume estimation in comparison to the manual estimation of –2.09% (RVRleft) and –3.66% (RVRright) while the deviation between RVRleft and RVRright was +2.54%. However, the log stack gross volume had a highly significant effect on the deviation and better accuracy with smaller deviation were reached for larger log stacks. Moreover, results indicated that the gross volume estimations of higher quality log stacks were closer for the three analyzed methods compared to estimations of poor-quality log stacks. KW - logistic KW - photogrammetry KW - timber trade KW - volume estimation KW - wood pile Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2003 SN - 2242-4075 VL - 55 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 13 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Russ, Alexander A1 - Riek, Winfried A1 - Wessolek, Gerd T1 - Three-Dimensional Mapping of Forest Soil Carbon Stocks Using SCORPAN Modelling and Relative Depth Gradients in the North-Eastern Lowlands of Germany JF - Applied Sciences N2 - To cope with the challenges in forest management that are contemporarily caused by climate change, data on current chemical and physical soil properties are more and more necessary. For this purpose, we present a further amalgam of depth functions and SCORPAN modelling to provide data at arbitrary depth layers. In this concept, regionalisation is split up into the modelling of plot totals and the estimation of vertical distributions. The intended benefits by splitting up are: consistency between estimates on plot level and depth layer level, avoidance of artificial depth gradients, straightforward interpretation of covariates in the sense of pedogenetic processes, and circumnavigation of the propagation of uncertainties associated with separation between horizons during field sampling. The methodology was tailored to the circumstances within the north-eastern lowlands and the utilisation of current inventory data of the National Forest Soil Inventory (NFSI) in Brandenburg (Germany). Using the regionalisation of soil organic carbon (SOC) as an example, the application is demonstrated and discussed in detail. The depth to groundwater table and terrain parameters related to the catchment area were the main factors in SOC storage. The use of kriging did not improve the model performance. The relative depth gradients of SOC were especially distinguished by tree species composition and stand age. We suppose that interesting fields of application may be found in scenario-based modelling of SOC and when SOC serves as a basis for hydrological modelling. KW - depth functions KW - SCORPAN modelling KW - soil forming factors; KW - forest soils KW - soil organic carbon KW - regionalisation KW - north-eastern lowlands KW - forest site mapping KW - Brandenburg Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3427 SN - 2076-3417 VL - 11 IS - 2 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Riek, Winfried A1 - Russ, Alexander A1 - Marx, Marc T1 - Concentrations of Inorganic and Organic Pollutants in Forest Soils as an Archive of Anthropogenic Inputs in the State of Brandenburg, Germany JF - Applied Sciences N2 - An important component of the National Forest Soils Inventory (NFSI) is the investigation of inorganic and organic pollutants. Forests are able to filter out large quantities of these substances from the atmosphere and incorporate them into the soil for a long time. The aim of this study was the integrative evaluation of organic and inorganic pollutant concentrations in forest soils in the state of Brandenburg, Germany. With the help of principle component analysis, the pollutant concentrations can essentially be explained by three significant environmental components, which explain 76% of the total variance of all pollutants examined within the scope of the NFSI. The first component characterizes the extent of the atmospheric pollution caused by flue gases and fly ash from lignite combustion in the 1970s and 1980s and is mainly charged by the organic pollutants HCB and PAH, and the elements arsenic and chromium. This component shows positive relation to both spatially interpolated calcium-deposition data from the 1980s (as an indicator for the dust emission from coal combustion) and crown defoliation data of pine stands from the forest condition survey in the early 1990s. The depositions of zinc and cadmium from industrial sources, vehicle traffic and the use of fertilizers in agriculture mainly characterize the second principle component. The use of the pesticides DDT and lindane in the early 1980s and the associated pollutants input into the forest soils are expressed by the third component. In expanding the term archiving function of soils, the results illustrate their particular importance for the long-term archiving of anthropogenic inputs and the associated potential stress factors for forests. KW - forest soils KW - heavy metals KW - organic pollutants KW - forest soil inventory KW - forest crown condition KW - lignite combustion KW - fly ash deposition KW - principle component analyses KW - Brandenburg Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3430 SN - 2076-3417 VL - 11 IS - 3 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Biland, Mazhar A1 - Zeb, Alam A1 - Ullah, Ayat A1 - Kächele, Harald T1 - Why Do Households Depend on the Forest for Income? Analysis of Factors Influencing Households’ Decision-Making Behaviors JF - Sustainability N2 - Using survey information of 150 randomly selected households across 21 villages of the forest-rich district of Swat, Pakistan, this study assessed households’ decision-making behaviors in depending on income from nearby forested land using socio-economic attributes. The evidence from the study may aid in making the existing policies be better targeted toward families that depend on the forest for income. Descriptive statistics and econometric techniques such as logit and tobit were used to analyze the data. Respondent households obtained the highest share of their income from off-farm activities (37%) and least from forest activities (16%). Fuelwood constitutes the biggest share (66%) of forest income, followed by medical plants (20%) and fodder (13%). We found that households with more physical assets, more family members working in off-farm jobs, and households earning more income from off-farm jobs were significantly and negatively associated with households’ decision to depend on forest income and total income obtained. We also found that households with less distance to the market and membership to joint forest management committees (JFMCs) were significantly and negatively associated with households’ total income obtained. However, household size was significantly and positively related to households’ decision of forest dependency. The study recommends the creation of off-farm opportunities and inclusion of local people in the management of forests through establishment of JFMCs, particularly for large and poor families. KW - decision-making behavior KW - socio-economic attributes KW - forest income dependency KW - total income obtained Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3441 SN - 2071-1050 VL - 13 IS - 16 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Roque, Dionísio A1 - Göttert, Thomas A1 - Macandza, Valério António A1 - Zeller, Ulrich T1 - Assessing Distribution Patterns and the Relative Abundance of Reintroduced Large Herbivores in the Limpopo National Park, Mozambique JF - Diversity N2 - This study is the first systematic assessment of large herbivore (LH) communities in Limpopo National Park (LNP) in Mozambique, an area where most LH species were extinct until the early 2000s. We investigate whether LH community parameters are linked with the availability of habitat types or the distance between sampling sites and the origin of LH resettlement. We placed camera traps in five habitat types in resettled and not-resettled areas to compare species richness, relative abundance index, grazers–browsers–mixed feeder and naïve occupancy of 15 LH species. While the richness decreased along the distance gradient of LH resettlement, relative abundance index strongly responded to habitat features. The grazer–browser–mixed feeder ratio oscillated, while from resettled to not-resettled areas, the ratio increased. Most species show a wide distribution range. The associations of most LH community parameters with habitat types rather than distance to initial release, together with the species-specific and guild-specific response patterns of LH, suggest LNP to already be in an intermediate stage of restoration. Our results highlight the importance of post-release monitoring of reintroduced wildlife as a tool to assess the success of ecological restoration initiatives in transboundary conservation areas. KW - camera trap KW - colonization KW - distribution patterns KW - relative abundance KW - ecological parameters KW - habitat types KW - large herbivores reintroduction KW - Limpopo National Park KW - Old Sanctuary Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3454 SN - 1424-2818 VL - 13 IS - 10 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Starik, Nicole A1 - Göttert, Thomas A1 - Zeller, Ulrich T1 - Spatial Behavior and Habitat Use of Two Sympatric Bat Species JF - Animals N2 - Movement behavior and habitat use of the long-eared bat species Plecotus auritus and Plecotus austriacus were studied in the Havelland region in Brandenburg (Germany). Data collection included mist-netting, radiotelemetry, reconstruction of prey items, and monitoring of roosting sites. Body measurements confirm a high degree of phenotypic similarity between the two species. Total activity areas (100% Minimum Convex Polygons, MCPS) of Plecotus austriacus (2828.3 ± 1269.43 ha) were up to five-fold larger compared to Plecotus auritus (544.54 ± 295.89 ha). The activity areas of Plecotus austriacus contained up to 11 distinct core areas, and their mean total size (149.7 ± 0.07 ha) was approximately three-fold larger compared to core areas of Plecotus auritus (49.2 ± 25.6 ha). The mean distance between consecutive fixes per night was 12.72 ± 3.7 km for Plecotus austriacus and 4.23 ± 2.8 km for Plecotus auritus. While Plecotus austriacus was located most frequently over pastures (>40%) and meadows (>20%), P. auritus was located mostly within deciduous (>50%) and mixed forests (>30%) in close vicinity to its roosts. Roost site monitoring indicates that the activity of P. austriacus is delayed relative to P. auritus in spring and declined earlier in autumn. These phenological differences are probably related to the species’ respective diets. Levins’ measure of trophic niche breadth suggests that the prey spectrum for P. auritus is more diverse during spring (B = 2.86) and autumn (B = 2.82) compared to P. austriacus (spring: B = 1.7; autumn: B = 2.1). Our results give reason to consider these interspecific ecological variations and species-specific requirements of P. auritus and P. austriacus to develop adapted and improved conservation measures. KW - Plecotus KW - resource partitioning KW - radio-tracking KW - activity areas KW - fecal analysis Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3465 SN - 2076-2615 VL - 11 IS - 12 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Luo, Anran A1 - Zuberi, Mehwish A1 - Liu, Jiayu A1 - Perrone, Miranda A1 - Schnepf, Simone A1 - Leipold, Sina T1 - Why common interests and collective action are not enough for environmental cooperation – Lessons from the China-EU cooperation discourse on circular economy JF - Global Environmental Change N2 - Scholars have argued that circular economy (CE) must be upscaled and globalized to address excessive resource extraction and waste generation. Many CE practitioners consider the first international CE agreement between China and the EU a milestone towards such an effort. This analysis shows why this expectation is premature. European and Chinese stakeholders’ optimistic and depoliticized CE narratives disable communication regarding development disparities, negative competition and distrust, which shape geopolitical rivalry. While skeptical narratives that address political barriers exist, they fall short of suggesting alternatives. Based on 72 stakeholder interviews, 40 documents and participant observation, these results highlight the critical importance of investigating narrative strategies to repoliticize environmental cooperation. Such narrative strategies would support contestation and negotiation on development disparities and open channels for joint conceptualization of implementation scales for environmental strategies, circular or otherwise. We therefore propose using constructivist perspectives of international relations to explore discursive barriers and enablers to global environmental action. KW - Development KW - Trust KW - Circular economy KW - China KW - EU KW - International trade KW - Environmental cooperation Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2554 VL - 71 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Halwani, Mosab A1 - Reckling, Moritz A1 - Egamberdieva, Dilfuza A1 - Omari, Richard Ansong A1 - Bellingrath-Kimura, Sonoko Dorothea A1 - Bachinger, Johann A1 - Bloch, Ralf T1 - Soybean Nodulation Response to Cropping Interval and Inoculation in European Cropping Systems JF - Frontiers in Plant Science N2 - To support the adaption of soybean [Glycine max (L) Merrill] cultivation across Central Europe, the availability of compatible soybean nodulating Bradyrhizobia (SNB) is essential. Little is known about the symbiotic potential of indigenous SNB in Central Europe and the interaction with an SNB inoculum from commercial products. The objective of this study was to quantify the capacity of indigenous and inoculated SNB strains on the symbiotic performance of soybean in a pot experiment, using soils with and without soybean history. Under controlled conditions in a growth chamber, the study focused on two main factors: a soybean cropping interval (time since the last soybean cultivation; SCI) and inoculation with commercial Bradyrhizobia strains. Comparing the two types of soil, without soybean history and with 1–4 years SCI, we found out that plants grown in soil with soybean history and without inoculation had significantly more root nodules and higher nitrogen content in the plant tissue. These parameters, along with the leghemoglobin content, were found to be a variable among soils with 1–4 years SCI and did not show a trend over the years. Inoculation in soil without soybean history showed a significant increase in a nodulation rate, leghemoglobin content, and soybean tissue nitrogen concentration. The study found that response to inoculation varied significantly as per locations in soil with previous soybean cultivation history. An inoculated soybean grown on loamy sandy soils from the location Müncheberg had significantly more nodules as well as higher green tissue nitrogen concentration compared with non-inoculated plants. No significant improvement in a nodulation rate and tissue nitrogen concentration was observed for an inoculated soybean grown on loamy sandy soils from the location Fehrow. These results suggest that introduced SNB strains remained viable in the soil and were still symbiotically competent for up to 4 years after soybean cultivation. However, the symbiotic performance of the SNB remaining in the soils was not sufficient in all cases and makes inoculation with commercial products necessary. The SNB strains found in the soil of Central Europe could also be promising candidates for the development of inoculants and already represent a contribution to the successful cultivation of soybeans in Central Europe. KW - soybean KW - Bradyrhizobia KW - cropping interval KW - inoculation KW - nodulation KW - Central Europe Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2576 SN - 1664-462X VL - 12 PB - Frontiers Media S.A. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nosenko, Tetyana A1 - Hanke-Uhe, Manuel A1 - Heine, Philip Alexander A1 - Shahid, Afsheen A1 - Dübel, Stefan A1 - Rennenberg, Heinz A1 - Schumacher, Jörg A1 - Winkler, Jana Barbro A1 - Schnitzler, Jörg-Peter A1 - Hänsch, Robert A1 - Kaufholdt, David T1 - Plant Defense Proteins as Potential Markers for Early Detection of Forest Damage and Diseases JF - Frontiers in Forests and Global Change N2 - Over the last two decades, European forest ecosystems have been exposed to increasing stress associated with an increasing number, duration and severity of extreme events triggered by climate change (Dyderski et al., 2018). For forest plants, the concomitant stresses are not limited to direct detrimental effects of rising temperatures, drought and heavy rainfall, but also include enhanced virulence of native plant pathogens and herbivores and the introduction of new pests (Stenlid and Oliva, 2016). The detection of forest diseases at an early stage, when visible symptoms cannot yet be observed, is a crucial prerequisite to counteract regional spreading of pathogens. However, the effective monitoring of forest damage and diseases requires reliable and easy-to-use portable test systems. KW - Forest disease diagnostic KW - Molecular markers KW - Antimicrobial peptides KW - Defensins KW - Plant defense Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2587 SN - 2624-893X VL - 4 PB - Frontiers ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bose, Arun K. A1 - Scherrer, Daniel A1 - Camarero, j. Julio A1 - Ziche, Daniel A1 - Babst, Flurin A1 - Bigler, Christof A1 - Bolte, Andreas A1 - Dorado-Liñán, Isabel A1 - Etzold, Sophia A1 - Fonti, Patrick A1 - Forrester, David I. A1 - Gavinet, Jordane A1 - Gazol, Antonio A1 - González de Andrés, Ester A1 - Karger, Dirk Nikolaus A1 - Lebourgeois, Francois A1 - Lévesque, Mathieu A1 - Martínez-Sancho, Elisabet A1 - Menzel, Annette A1 - Neuwirth, Burkhard A1 - Nicolas, Manuel A1 - Sanders, Tanja G. M. A1 - Scharnweber, Tobias A1 - Schröder, Jens A1 - Zweifel, Roman A1 - Gessler, Arthur A1 - Rigling, Andreas T1 - Climate sensitivity and drought seasonality determine post-drought growth recovery of Quercus petraea and Quercus robur in Europe JF - Science of The Total Environment N2 - Recent studies have identified strong relationships between delayed recovery of tree growth after drought and tree mortality caused by subsequent droughts. These observations raise concerns about forest ecosystem services and post-drought growth recovery given the projected increase in drought frequency and extremes. For quantifying the impact of extreme droughts on tree radial growth, we used a network of tree-ring width data of 1689 trees from 100 sites representing most of the distribution of two drought tolerant, deciduous oak species (Quercus petraea and Quercus robur). We first examined which climatic factors and seasons control growth of the two species and if there is any latitudinal, longitudinal or elevational trend. We then quantified the relative departure from pre-drought growth during droughts, and how fast trees were able to recover the pre-drought growth level. Our results showed that growth was more related to precipitation and climatic water balance (precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration) than to temperature. However, we did not detect any clear latitudinal, longitudinal or elevational trends except a decreasing influence of summer water balance on growth of Q. petraea with latitude. Neither species was able to maintain the pre-drought growth level during droughts. However, both species showed rapid recovery or even growth compensation after summer droughts but displayed slow recovery in response to spring droughts where none of the two species was able to fully recover the pre-drought growth-level over the three post-drought years. Collectively, our results indicate that oaks which are considered resilient to extreme droughts have also shown vulnerability when droughts occurred in spring especially at sites where long-term growth is not significantly correlated with climatic factors. This improved understanding of the role of drought seasonality and climate sensitivity of sites is key to better predict trajectories of post-drought growth recovery in response to the drier climate projected for Europe. KW - Climate change KW - Warming KW - Drought KW - Legacy effects KW - Acclimation KW - Tree rings Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2609 SN - 1879-1026 VL - 784 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Amblard, Laurence A1 - Mann, Carsten T1 - Understanding collective action for the achievement of EU water policy objectives in agricultural landscapes: Insights from the Institutional Design Principles and Integrated Landscape Management approaches JF - Environmental Science & Policy N2 - This paper aims to identify drivers and barriers to the achievement of EU water policy objectives in the agricultural sector by adopting an institutional perspective on water quality management at the landscape level. We apply a conceptual framework combining Integrated Landscape Management (ILM) and Institutional Design Principles (IDP) perspectives to analyze cooperation initiatives involving water suppliers and agricultural stakeholders to protect drinking water catchments from agricultural diffuse pollution. Three cases representing different forms of cooperation in rural landscapes in France were investigated on the basis of primary data collected at the local, water-basin and national levels. The results show that the success of multi-stakeholder collective action depends on both local factors such as characteristics of the water resource and stakeholders (knowledge, resources, trust and social capital) and on factors linked to the EU and national water and agricultural policy frameworks. In addition to the identification of drivers of and constraints on the implementation of EU water policy in agricultural landscapes, the analysis highlights the conceptual added value in combining the IDP and ILM approaches to understand policy implementation processes at the landscape level. KW - EU Water Framework Directive; Diffuse pollution; Institutional Design Principles (IDP); Integrated Landscape Management (ILM); Social-ecological systems; Landscape perspective Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5017 SN - 1462-9011 SN - 1873-6416 IS - 125 SP - 76 EP - 86 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sabatini, Francesco Maria A1 - Bluhm, Hendrik A1 - Kun, Zoltan A1 - Aksenov, Dmitry A1 - Atauri, José A. A1 - Buchwald, Erik A1 - Burrascano, Sabina A1 - Cateau, Eugénie A1 - Diku, Abdulla A1 - Duarte, Inês Marques A1 - Fernández López, Ángel B. A1 - Garbarino, Matteo A1 - Grigoriadis, Nikolaos A1 - Horváth, Ferenc A1 - Keren, Srđan A1 - Kitenberga, Mara A1 - Kiš, Alen A1 - Kraut, Ann A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. A1 - Larrieu, Laurent A1 - Lombardi, Fabio A1 - Matovic, Bratislav A1 - Melu, Radu Nicolae A1 - Meyer, Peter A1 - Midteng, Rein A1 - Mikac, Stjepan A1 - Mikoláš, Martin A1 - Mozgeris, Gintautas A1 - Panayotov, Momchil A1 - Pisek, Rok A1 - Nunes, Leónia A1 - Ruete, Alejandro A1 - Schickhofer, Matthias A1 - Simovski, Bojan A1 - Stillhard, Jonas A1 - Stojanovic, Dejan A1 - Szwagrzyk, Jerzy A1 - Tikkanen, Olli-Pekka A1 - Toromani, Elvin A1 - Volosyanchuk, Roman A1 - Vrška, Tomáš A1 - Waldherr, Marcus A1 - Yermokhin, Maxim A1 - Zlatanov, Tzvetan A1 - Zagidullina, Asiya A1 - Kuemmerle, Tobias T1 - European primary forest database v2.0 JF - Scientific Data N2 - Primary forests, defined here as forests where the signs of human impacts, if any, are strongly blurred due to decades without forest management, are scarce in Europe and continue to disappear. Despite these losses, we know little about where these forests occur. Here, we present a comprehensive geodatabase and map of Europe’s known primary forests. Our geodatabase harmonizes 48 different, mostly field-based datasets of primary forests, and contains 18,411 individual patches (41.1 Mha) spread across 33 countries. When available, we provide information on each patch (name, location, naturalness, extent and dominant tree species) and the surrounding landscape (biogeographical regions, protection status, potential natural vegetation, current forest extent). Using Landsat satellite-image time series (1985–2018) we checked each patch for possible disturbance events since primary forests were identified, resulting in 94% of patches free of significant disturbances in the last 30 years. Although knowledge gaps remain, ours is the most comprehensive dataset on primary forests in Europe, and will be useful for ecological studies, and conservation planning to safeguard these unique forests. KW - Biodiversity KW - Conservation biology KW - Forest ecology Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4173 SN - 2052-4463 VL - 8 PB - Nature Publishing Group UK ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mann, Carsten A1 - Loft, Lasse A1 - Hernández-Morcillo, Mónica T1 - Assessing forest governance innovations in Europe: Needs, challenges and ways forward for sustainable forest ecosystem service provision JF - Ecosystem Services N2 - This Special Issue provides insights into conceptual approaches, methodological procedures and practice findings for the development and assessment of governance innovations for the sustainable provision of forest ecosystem services (FES) in Europe. We depart from the observation that the sustainable and balanced provision of FES requires novel policy, management and business approaches that need to overcome challenges in order to emerge, develop and flourish. These challenges are rooted in the diversity of forest ecosystems and institutional contexts, a lack of system understanding, of innovation dynamics, the public good character of many FES, and a production-oriented reference frame for forest management. We use a set of good governance innovation practices in form of new actor alliances and payment schemes as a basis for assessment and learning how to promote different kinds or bundles of FES. The contributing authors of the SI combine several methodological approaches to understand the working conditions of such innovations, including integrated mapping, stakeholder and governance analysis, and a forward-looking scenario approach for innovation assessment. Applying multi-methods and multi-actor approaches fruitfully orchestrated a constructive debate among stakeholders on the chances and challenges of governance innovations in Europe, to allow for their uptake in forest policy, business and practice. KW - Forest ecosystem services; Governance innovations; Multi-actor approach; Constructive innovation assessment; Forest management; Forest policy Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4731 SN - 2212-0416 IS - 52 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maier, Carolin A1 - Hebermehl, Wiebke A1 - Grossmann, Carol M. A1 - Loft, Lasse A1 - Mann, Carsten A1 - Hernández-Morcillo, Mónica T1 - Innovations for securing forest ecosystem service provision in Europe – A systematic literature review JF - Ecosystem Services N2 - Forest ecosystems provide a range of goods and services that are essential to human well-being. Yet global environmental problems, increasing urbanization, industrialization pressures, and dominant market mechanisms put into jeopardy the long term sustainable provision of forest ecosystem services (FES). Markets tend to favor private goods, such as timber, and are typically less able to provide sustainable financing mechanisms for public goods and services, such as carbon storage, biodiversity conservation or recreational value. European forest owners and policy makers alike are looking for governance innovations that generate economic opportunity while ensuring the future provision of FES. This systematic literature review aims to consolidate existing academic empirical research on local or regional level governance innovations in Europe concerned with generating forest-based revenue through FES provision. Thus, it complements conceptual literature dealing with challenges and opportunities of financing the provision of FES. When conducting the review we followed the process guidelines developed by ‘Collaboration for Environmental Evidence’ (Collaboration for Environmental Evidence, 2018). Out of a total of 3962 scanned papers, 23 papers containing 48 case studies were identified and analyzed in detail, to address the following guiding questions: (1) What types of FES related (governance) innovations for forest-based revenue generation exist and which FES do they address? (2) What are the motivations driving innovation development? (3) What are the implications for forest management? We found four types of governance innovations: forest product and organizational innovations which largely relate to provisioning FES; service innovations, which generally relate to cultural FES; and financial incentive systems or payment schemes targeting mostly regulating services. We identify potential synergies between two high-priority EU policy objectives: rural economic development and securing future FES provision. Currently, governance innovations’ forest management implications and associated impact on (future) FES provision are rarely addressed in this literature. We recommend future policy and research to give greater consideration to the interdependencies between securing a range of FES, (rural) economic development, and forest management, to realize potential synergies. KW - Forest ecosystem services; Governance innovation; Europe; Literature review; Forest management Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4741 SN - 2212-0416 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Angelstam, Per K. A1 - Asplund, Brita A1 - Bastian, Olaf A1 - Engelmark, Ola A1 - Fedoriak, Mariia A1 - Grunewald, Karsten A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. A1 - Lindvall, Per A1 - Manton, Michael A1 - Nilsson, Magnus A1 - Nilsson, Sten B. A1 - Roberntz, Peter A1 - Shkaruba, Anton A1 - Skoog, Per A1 - Soloviy, Ihor A1 - Svoboda, Miroslav A1 - Teplyakov, Victor A1 - Tivell, Anders A1 - Westholm, Erik A1 - Zhuk, Alina A1 - Öster, Leif T1 - Tradition as asset or burden for transitions from forests as cropping systems to multifunctional forest landscapes: Sweden as a case study JF - Forest Ecology and Management N2 - Expectations of what forests and woodlands should provide vary among locations, stakeholder groups, and over time. Developing multifunctional forests requires understanding of the dynamic roles of traditions and cultural legacies in social-ecological systems at multiple levels and scales. Implementing policies about multifunctional forests requires a landscape and social-ecological perspective, and recognition of both spatial and temporal features at multiple scales. This study explores the dissemination of even-aged silviculture in central, eastern and northern Europe, and the consequences of choosing different vantage points in social-ecological systems for mapping of barriers, and to identify levers, towards multifunctional forest landscapes. Using a narrative approach, we first summarise the development of even-aged silviculture in four European regions. Next, we focus on Sweden as a keen adopter of even-aged silviculture, and identify levers at three groups of vantage points. They were (1) biosphere with biodiversity as short-hand for composition, structure and function of ecosystems, which support human well-being at multiple scales; (2) society in terms of different levels of stakeholder interactions from local to global, and (3) economy represented by value chain hierarchies and currencies. The emergence of even-aged silviculture >200 years ago formed an expanding frontier from central to northern Europe. Sustained yield wood production and biodiversity conservation encompass different portfolios of ecosystem aspects and spatio-temporal scales. Ignorance and lack of knowledge about these differences enforce their mutual rivalry. An exploratory review of six groups of stakeholders at multiple levels in the traditional industrial forest value chain highlights inequalities in terms of distribution of income and power across different levels of governance. This effectively marginalises other than powerful industrial actors. The distribution of financial results along the value chain is dynamic in space and time, and not all benefits of forest ecosystems can be measured using monetary valuation. There are also other currencies and incentives. A discussion of cultural trajectories in central and eastern European, Russian and Swedish forest management illustrates that forest history patterns repeat themselves. Longitudinal case studies of countries and regions can help foster holistic multi-dimensional and multi-level systems thinking. Application of deep levers of change is likely to require external drivers. A key challenge is to handle the manufacturing of doubt and decay of truth, i.e., the appearance of alternative facts, and the diminishing role of evidence and systems analyses in political and civic discourses. This transition is fuelled by new and rapidly evolving digital arenas. KW - Forest history; Collaborative learning; Honest broker; Landscape planning; Landscape stewardship; Systems-based thinking; Transformative change Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4789 SN - 0378-1127 IS - 505 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP A1 - de Miguel-Díez, Felipe A1 - Tolosana-Esteban, Eduardo A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - 3D-Simulation of Wood Stacks to Analyze the Influence of Log Properties on Stack Volume T2 - Environmental Sciences Proceeding N2 - The quantification of the solid wood content in a wood stack has been an object of investigation since the 18th century. Particularly, the log parameters exert a considerable influence on the volume of the stack, such as (1) the log midpoint diameter, (2) average bark thickness, (3) crookedness, and (4) log taper. Although many of these parameters have already been studied and some are already considered in many countries when measuring wood stacks, their influence has not been analyzed individually so far since a broad statistical database is needed and the data collection is very costly. Consequently, a 3D-simulation model was developed based on a cross-platform game engine. This model generates virtual wood stacks based on a data set of logs which are defined by the user. The simulation of a stack can be done in a few seconds only and each stack generated can be visualized once all iterations are done. The simulation results are the stacked cubic volume, solid wood cubic volume, and the respective conversion factors. The model, fed with both real data and user-defined data, allows for a detailed analysis of the effect of each parameter on the results, as the user can vary their values discretionary. To obtain the first results from real data, 1000 logs of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were measured. The first simulations based on these data show reliable results and it is possible to quantify the influence of the proportion of crooked wood in a pile on the stack volume and the conversion factor. In addition, the results are highly in line with the real trials that have already been performed in parallel. A further scientific evaluation and statistical analysis will be done in a second study phase. However, the model already provides a reasonable tool that is easy to apply for the forest and wood industry in order to make the most accurate estimate possible of the solid wood content in a wood pile. KW - conversion factors; log properties; stack volume; solid wood content; roundwood measurement Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4452 SN - 2673-4931 IS - 3(1) PB - MDPI ER - TY - CHAP A1 - de Miguel-Díez, Felipe A1 - Reder, Stefan A1 - Wallor, Evelyn A1 - Bahr, Henrik A1 - Mund, Jan-Peter A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - Long Range and High-Speed Personal Laser Scanning (PLS) and Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) Technology in Roundwood Measurement T2 - Proceedings of the SilviLaser Conference 2021 Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4462 N1 - Proceedings of the SilviLaser Conference 2021, Vienna, Austria, 28–30 September 2021. Technische Universität Wien, 2021. DOI: 10.34726/wim.1861 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jan A1 - Lütje-Fournet, Lucas A1 - Gengnagel, Christoph A1 - Pfriem, Alexander T1 - Brandschutztechnische Ertüchtigung von Holzoberflächen durch Pyrolyse: Verbesserung der brandhemmenden Wirkung von pyrolysierten Fassadenhölzern JF - Holztechnologie N2 - Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojektes PyroForCE wurde untersucht, inwieweit sich das Brandverhalten von Fassadenhölzern alleine durch die Erzeugung einer oberflächlichen Pyrolyseschicht so verändern lässt, dass dadurch die Anforderungen für eine Klassifizierung als schwerentflammbarer Baustoff dauerhaft erfüllt werden. Hierzu wurde eine kontinuierlich arbeitende Holzpyrolyseanlage entwickelt, mit der reproduzierbare Pyrolyseflächen auf Prüfkörpern der Holzarten Eiche, Lärche und Fichte erzeugt werden konnten. Durch eine zusätzliche Stabilisierung mit Natriumwasserglas lassen sich sowohl die oberflächliche Abriebfestigkeit erhöhen als auch die Brandschutzwirkung verbessern. So modifizierte Fassadenhölzer können im Single-Burn-Item-Test eine Klassifikatione als "schwerentflammbares" Bauprodukt erreichen. Damit ist das Ziel erreicht, nur durch Oberflächenpyrolyse in VErbindung mit einer Stabilisierung durch rein mineralische Wassergläser das Brandverhalten von Fassadenhölzern so zu verändern, dass eine Zuordnung zu den schwerentflammbaren Baustoffen erreicht werden kann und diese damit als Fassadenmaterial im städtischen Kontext und der Gebäudeklasse 4 und 5 einsetzt werden dürfen. KW - Oberflächenpyrolyse; Fassadenhölzer; Schwerentflammbarkeit; Wassergläser Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4579 SN - 0018-3881 VL - 62 IS - 2 SP - 23 EP - 35 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gohr, Charlotte A1 - Blumröder, Jeanette Silvin A1 - Sheil, Douglas A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. T1 - Quantifying the mitigation of temperature extremes by forests and wetlands in a temperate landscape JF - Ecological Informatics N2 - As a result of ongoing climate change and more frequent heat events, the regulating services of land cover in terms of moderating and mitigating local temperatures are increasingly important. While the reduced temperatures found in forests and wetlands are recognized, their wider contribution to regional landscape cooling remains largely uncharacterized and unquantified. Herein, we propose and test a new method that estimates the temperature response and inertia of landscapes in high temperatures, based on land cover share. In order to achieve this goal, we combined the MODIS daytime land surface temperature (henceforth LST) time series and CORINE land cover data. We classified the time series in two ways, i.e. by stepwise temperature range (−10/−5 °C to +35/+40 °C) and by the occurrence of hot days (days with a mean LST ≥ 30 °C). As an explanatory variable, we developed and used a greenest pixel composite of the MODIS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) time series. In our study area, covering parts of northeastern Germany and western Poland, the fragmented landscape has heterogeneous temperature patterns, including urban heat islands, warm agricultural areas, cool forests and cold wetlands. We found that at high temperature ranges only forests and wetlands remained comparably cool, with LSTs up to 20.8 °C lower than the maximum LST in the study area. The analysis of land cover shares and LSTs revealed the substantial cooling effect of forests and wetlands in line with increasing land cover share in higher temperature ranges, as well as on hot days. The relation between LST and the NDVI indicated vegetation cover as the cause. We propose the corresponding metrics to quantify landscape-level temperature regulation. Equally, we advocate for management to identify these ecosystem services and their current and potential contributions, along with implications for sustaining and increasing, both tree cover and wetlands and thereby adapting landscapes to climate change. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4376 SN - 1574-9541 IS - 66 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kovač, Marta A1 - Linde, Andreas A1 - Lacković, Nikola A1 - Bollmann, Friedrich A1 - Pernek, Milan T1 - Natural infestation of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria pseudobassiana on overwintering Corythucha arcuata (Say) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) and its efficacy under laboratory conditions JF - Forest Ecology and Management N2 - The invasive oak lace bug Corythucha arcuata (Say, 1832) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) was first recorded in lowland stands of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) in Eastern Croatia in 2013, from where it expanded to the west causing summer yellowing and intensive chlorotic damages of oak leaves. In 2018, the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria pseudobassiana Rehner and Humber (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) was isolated from several dead C. arcuata adults found in moss, a typical place for overwintering. The first aim of this study was to estimate the number of overwintering adults per m2 of moss, their natural mortality, and natural infestation by this fungus. Moss and oak lace bugs were collected from oak trees at six different locations in infested forests in Spačva basin. C. arcuata individuals were counted and separated for further analysis and determination of possible fungal infections. Results demonstrated a high rate of mortality among overwintering individuals (65%), with 19% of them infested by various entomopathogenic fungi, of which 70% belonged to B. pseudobassiana. The second aim of this study was to test fungal virulence against C. arcuata under laboratory conditions and to study differences between the isolates. A suspension of conidia (concentration: 1 × 108 conidia/ml) was sprayed on healthy adults of C. arcuata on moss patches. Results showed no difference in mortality rates between the isolates (96–97%), but one isolate produced a mycosis of 49% compared to 32% of the other isolate, with 4% of mycosis in control. The results presented here demonstrate this fungus as an antagonist, and indicate it as a potential candidate for future biological control of this invasive pest. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4973 SN - 0378-1127 SN - 1872-7042 IS - 491 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wilms, Florian A1 - Duppel, Nils A1 - Cremer, Tobias A1 - Berendt, Ferréol T1 - Bark Thickness and Heights of the Bark Transition Area of Scots Pine JF - Forests N2 - The estimation of forest biomass is gaining interest not only for calculating harvesting volumes but also for carbon storage estimation. However, bark (and carbon) compounds are not distributed equally along the stem. Particularly when looking at Scots pine, a radical change in the structure of the bark along the stem can be noted. At the bark transition area, the bark changes from thick and rough to thin and smooth. The aim of our study was (1) to analyze the height of the bark transition area where the bark structure changes and (2) to analyze the effect of cardinal direction on the bark thickness. Regression analyses and forward selection were performed including measured tree height, DBH, bark thickness, crown base height and upper and lower heights of the bark transition areas of 375 trees. While the cardinal direction had no effect on bark thickness, DBH was found to have a significant effect on the heights of the bark transition areas, with stand density and tree height having a minor additional effect. These variables can be used to estimate timber volume (without bark) with higher accuracy and to predict the carbon storage potential of forest biomass according to different tree compartments and compounds. KW - bark structure; Pinus sylvestris; forward selection; bark types Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4330 SN - 1999-4907 IS - 12(10) SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hebinck, Aniek A1 - Klerkx, Laurens A1 - Elzen, Boelie A1 - Kok, Kristiaan P. W. A1 - König, Bettina A1 - Schiller, Katharina A1 - Tschersich, Julia A1 - van Mierlo, Barbara A1 - von Wirth, Timo T1 - Beyond food for thought – Directing sustainability transitions research to address fundamental change in agri-food systems JF - Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions N2 - Dominant agricultural and food systems lead to continuous resource depletion and unacceptable environmental and social impacts. While current calls for changing agrifood systems are increasingly framed in the context of sustainability transitions, they rarely make an explicit link to transition studies to address these systemic challenges, nor do transition scholars sufficiently address agri-food systems, despite their global pertinence. From this viewpoint, we illustrate several gaps in the agri-food systems debate that sustainability transition studies could engage in. We propose four avenues for research in the next decade of transition research on agri-food systems: 1) Crossscale dynamics between coupled systems; 2) Social justice, equity and inclusion; 3) Sustainability transitions in low- and middle-income countries; 4) Cross-sectoral governance and system integration. We call for a decade of new transition research that moves beyond single-scale and sector perspectives toward more inclusive and integrated analyses of food system dynamics. KW - Agri-food systems; Research agenda; Sustainability transitions; Food systems Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4885 SN - 2210-4224 IS - 41 SP - 81 EP - 85 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Marselle, Melissa R. A1 - Hartig, Terry A1 - Cox, Daniel T.C. A1 - de Bell, Siân A1 - Knapp, Sonja A1 - Lindley, Sarah A1 - Triguero-Mas, Margarita A1 - Böhning-Gaese, Katrin A1 - Braubach, Matthias A1 - Cook, Penny A. A1 - de Vries, Sjerp A1 - Heintz-Buschart, Anna A1 - Hofmann, Max A1 - Irvine, Katherine N. A1 - Kabisch, Nadja A1 - Kolek, Franziska A1 - Kraemer, Roland A1 - Markevych, Iana A1 - Martens, Dörte A1 - Müller, Ruth A1 - Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark A1 - Potts, Jacqueline M. A1 - Stadler, Jutta A1 - Walton, Samantha A1 - Warber, Sara L. A1 - Bonn, Aletta T1 - Pathways linking biodiversity to human health: A conceptual framework JF - Environment International N2 - Biodiversity is a cornerstone of human health and well-being. However, while evidence of the contributions of nature to human health is rapidly building, research into how biodiversity relates to human health remains limited in important respects. In particular, a better mechanistic understanding of the range of pathways through which biodiversity can influence human health is needed. These pathways relate to both psychological and social processes as well as biophysical processes. Building on evidence from across the natural, social and health sciences, we present a conceptual framework organizing the pathways linking biodiversity to human health. Four domains of pathways—both beneficial as well as harmful—link biodiversity with human health: (i) reducing harm (e.g. provision of medicines, decreasing exposure to air and noise pollution); (ii) restoring capacities (e.g. attention restoration, stress reduction); (iii) building capacities (e.g. promoting physical activity, transcendent experiences); and (iv) causing harm (e.g. dangerous wildlife, zoonotic diseases, allergens). We discuss how to test components of the biodiversity-health framework with available analytical approaches and existing datasets. In a world with accelerating declines in biodiversity, profound land-use change, and an increase in non-communicable and zoonotic diseases globally, greater understanding of these pathways can reinforce biodiversity conservation as a strategy for the promotion of health for both people and nature. We conclude by identifying research avenues and recommendations for policy and practice to foster biodiversity-focused public health actions. KW - Biodiversity KW - Ecosystem services KW - Nature KW - Mediation KW - Public health KW - Human well-being Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5624 SN - 0160-4120 VL - 150 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hirl, Regina T. A1 - Ogée, Jérôme A1 - Ostler, Ulrike A1 - Schäufele, Rudi A1 - Baca Cabrera, Juan C. A1 - Zhu, Jianjun A1 - Schleip, Inga A1 - Wingate, Lisa A1 - Schnyder, Hans T1 - Temperature-sensitive biochemical 18O-fractionation and humidity-dependent attenuation factor are needed to predict δ18O of cellulose from leaf water in a grassland ecosystem JF - New Phytologist N2 - We explore here our mechanistic understanding of the environmental and physiological processes that determine the oxygen isotope composition of leaf cellulose (δ18Ocellulose) in a drought-prone, temperate grassland ecosystem. A new allocation-and-growth model was designed and added to an 18O-enabled soil–vegetation–atmosphere transfer model (MuSICA) to predict seasonal (April–October) and multi-annual (2007–2012) variation of δ18Ocellulose and 18O-enrichment of leaf cellulose (Δ18Ocellulose) based on the Barbour–Farquhar model. Modelled δ18Ocellulose agreed best with observations when integrated over c. 400 growing-degree-days, similar to the average leaf lifespan observed at the site. Over the integration time, air temperature ranged from 7 to 22°C and midday relative humidity from 47 to 73%. Model agreement with observations of δ18Ocellulose (R2 = 0.57) and Δ18Ocellulose (R2 = 0.74), and their negative relationship with canopy conductance, was improved significantly when both the biochemical 18O-fractionation between water and substrate for cellulose synthesis (εbio, range 26–30‰) was temperature-sensitive, as previously reported for aquatic plants and heterotrophically grown wheat seedlings, and the proportion of oxygen in cellulose reflecting leaf water 18O-enrichment (1 – pexpx, range 0.23–0.63) was dependent on air relative humidity, as observed in independent controlled experiments with grasses. Understanding physiological information in δ18Ocellulose requires quantitative knowledge of climatic effects on pexpx and εbio. KW - canopy conductance KW - grassland KW - isotope-enabled soil–vegetation–atmosphere transfer model (MuSICA) KW - 18O-enrichment of cellulose oxygen isotope composition of cellulose KW - perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) KW - relative humidity KW - temperature Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5700 SN - 0028-646X SN - 1469-8137 VL - 229 IS - 6 SP - 3156 EP - 3171 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Winkler, Christoph A1 - Rodriguez Agudo, José Alberto A1 - Schwarz, Ulrich A1 - Schäffler, Michael T1 - Process-Oriented Rheology of Packaging Adhesives JF - adhesion ADHESIVES + SEALANTS Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5333 SN - 2192-2624 SP - 19 EP - 24 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Winkler, Christoph A1 - Rodriguez Agudo, José Alberto A1 - Schwarz, Ulrich A1 - Schäffler, Michael T1 - Prozessnahe Rheologie am Beispiel von Verpackungsklebstoffen JF - adhäsion KLEBEN & DICHTEN Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5340 SN - 1619-1919 SN - 2192-8681 SP - 24 EP - 29 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rouzi, Aihemaitijiang A1 - Halik, Ümüt A1 - Cyffka, Bernd A1 - Welp, Martin A1 - Thevs, Niels A1 - Aishan, Tayierjiang ED - Cyffka, Bernd ED - Disse, Markus ED - Betz, Florian T1 - Sustainable land-use alternatives for the Tarim Basin T2 - Sustainable Management of River Oases along the Tarim River/China (SuMaRiO) Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5382 SN - 978-3-510-65432-1 SP - 146 EP - 160 PB - Schweizerbart ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Welp, Martin A1 - Yiliminuer, ED - Cyffka, Bernd ED - Disse, Markus ED - Betz, Florian T1 - Stakeholder management T2 - Sustainable Management of River Oases along the Tarim River/China (SuMaRiO) Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5407 SN - 978-3-510-65432-1 SP - 27 EP - 32 PB - Schweizerbart ER -