TY - CHAP A1 - Munk, Christoph A1 - Clauder, Lothar A1 - Pfriem, Alexander T1 - Sound absorption coefficient of thermally modified and unmodified wood species measured in an impedance tube T2 - Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE) - 15th Annual Meeting 2019 N2 - Different parts of the guitar body are made of certain wood species, selected by their specific properties. The sound board, which is mainly made of spruce or cedar, transfers the vibration of the strings to the resonance body by means of the bridge. The sides and the back of the guitar rather reflect the sound of the acoustic vibrations and are predominantly made of tropical hardwoods like palisander, mahogany or ebony species. These species have limited availability and are listed on the CITES Annex I and II. To substitute tropical wood species, thermally modified European wood species with improved acoustic properties and dimensional stability may be used. Although the acoustic reflection of the sides and the back parts of a guitar body is an important property, there is not much knowledge about this reflection behaviour of wood. A few studies like the work of Hong (1989), Kang (2010) or Smardzewski et al. (2013) investigated the sound absorption properties of unmodified wood. Subsequently this study considers the sound absorption coefficients of unmodified and thermally modified European wood species in comparison to an unmodified tropical wood species. KW - TMT KW - sound absorption coefficient KW - impedance tube Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2890 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Munk, Christoph A1 - Wohlert, Hauke A1 - Pfriem, Alexander T1 - Investigation of the influence of two different thermal treatment processes on the change of various material properties of spruce resonance wood (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) T2 - Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering - 17th Annual Meeting 2021 N2 - In recent years, a large number of different studies have shown that a variety of positive property changes can be achieved by thermally treating spruce resonance wood. Various methods have been established, which differ mainly in the choice of treatment atmosphere, but also in the associated treatment duration and temperature. Part of the present investigation was to compare a thermal-vacuum process with a process which takes place in an oxygen-reduced atmosphere, with regard to various property changes. The results show that both processes achieved similar results in terms of dynamic acoustic property changes. Larger differences were found with regard to moisture behavior and color change. KW - TMT KW - spruce resonance wood KW - acoustic properties KW - CIELab Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2909 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Munk, Christoph A1 - Pfriem, Alexander T1 - Influence of thermal modification and subsequent linseed oil impregnation on the sound propagation velocity and related acoustic properties of various wood species T2 - Tenth European Conference on Wood Modification N2 - In the field of instrument making, the use of indigenous wood species is becoming more and more important due to the increasing environmental awareness of instrument makers and their customers. As the properties of some of these wood species cannot meet the high demands of this field of application, processes are being sought that can achieve improvements. In recent years, many studies have shown that different modification methods, such as furfurylation, thermal treatment, densification or impregnation methods, can partly improve wood properties such as elasticity, strength values, damping behaviour, but also moisture behaviour and wood moisture content significantly. The extent to which different modification processes and their positive changes in properties can be combined with each other and thus achieve further improvements will become increasingly important in the future, not only in instrument making but also in other areas of application. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of thermal treatment followed by linseed oil impregnation of wood on its sound propagation velocity and the associated acoustic properties of characteristic impedance and acoustic radiation. KW - TMT KW - linseed oil impregnation KW - sound propagation velocity KW - acoustic properties Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2916 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lauterbach, Josephine A1 - Bantle, Christina T1 - “For More Diversity, Better Taste and My Own Health” Exploring Organic Consumers’ Purchasing Motives for Heirloom Vegetable Varieties JF - Sustainability N2 - Agrobiodiversity is the foundation of our ecosystems and food supply. However, agrobiodiversity is declining rapidly. A prominent strategy to safeguard endangered varieties, an important component of agrobiodiversity, is their cultivation and preservation in their natural environments. In order to make the cultivation of these varieties attractive to farmers, a functioning value chain and communication concepts for these goods have to be developed. Using heirloom vegetable varieties as an example, we examine existing communication approaches for endangered varieties and evaluate their suitability to transport their added value to organic consumers. We furthermore examine organic consumers’ purchasing motives to buy heirloom vegetable varieties. We collected data in three focus group discussions in Berlin (Germany) in 2018. This exploratory study shows that existing communication approaches for heirloom vegetable varieties strongly appeal to altruistic and biospheric purchasing motives. However, our results suggest that egoistic and hedonic purchasing motives are just as important to organic consumers. Hence, existing communication approaches for heirloom vegetable varieties, including the “Red List of Endangered Local Crops”, are not entirely suitable to communicate the added value of biodiversity-enhancing products to consumers. Based on these results, we will develop a holistic communication scheme for heirloom vegetable varieties for organic supermarkets and further distribution channels in Germany. KW - communication KW - agrobiodiversity KW - heirloom vegetable varieties KW - red list KW - focus groups Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2992 SN - 2071-1050 IS - 14(7) PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mann, Deepika A1 - Gohr, Charlotte A1 - Blumröder, Jeanette Silvin A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. T1 - Does fragmentation contribute to the forest crisis in Germany? JF - Frontiers in Forests and Global Change N2 - Intact forests contribute to the ecosystem functionality of landscapes by storing and sequestering carbon, buffering and cooling the microclimate, and providing a range of related ecosystem functions. Forest fragmentation not only poses a threat to many organisms but also reduces the resistance and resilience of the ecosystem, which is especially relevant to the ongoing climate crisis. The effects of recent extreme heat years on forests in Germany have not been studied in detail for the influence of fragmentation. We investigate the relation of forest fragmentation with temperature and vitality in Germany per ecoregion at the canopy level using satellite imagery at 1-km and 30-m resolution. We compiled and correlated forest maps for connectivity based on Thiessen polygons, canopy temperatures on the hottest days based on land surface temperature, and forest vitality based on the maximum normalized difference vegetation index per growing season. We differentiated between ecoregions and main forest types. In 2022, larger intact tree-covered areas that are less fragmented have relatively low temperatures on hot days and higher overall vitality. Nearly 98% of the almost 1.95 million forest fragments at 30-m resolution in Germany are smaller than 1 km2, which cover nearly 30% of the total forest area. To counteract the forest crisis, forest and landscape management should aim to reduce fragmentation and maintain tree biomass and forest cover in the landscape. Increasing the size of continuous forest fragments contributes to ecosystem-based adaptation to climate change. KW - land surface temperature (LST) KW - normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) KW - Thiessen connectivity KW - forest fragmentation KW - forest cover Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3909 SN - 2624-893X VL - 6 PB - Frontiers Media S.A. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Göttert, Thomas A1 - Perry, Gad ED - Bakaloudis, Dimitrios T1 - Going Wild in the City—Animal Feralization and Its Impacts on Biodiversity in Urban Environments JF - Animals N2 - Simple Summary Understanding the impact of urbanization on biodiversity is a crucial task of our time. Here, we reflect on the importance of feralization in the relationship between ongoing urbanization and the worsening biodiversity crisis. Feralization is often viewed as the exact opposite of a domestication process—a perception that we argue is too simplistic. The interrelations between domestication, feralization, and the adaptation of taxa to novel, human-made environments such as cities are complex. Given their unique traits, feral(izing) taxa can play key roles in sustainability, sometimes problematic (i.e., invasive species) but at other times, improving human well-being in urban settings. Abstract Domestication describes a range of changes to wild species as they are increasingly brought under human selection and husbandry. Feralization is the process whereby a species leaves the human sphere and undergoes increasing natural selection in a wild context, which may or may not be geographically adjacent to where the originator wild species evolved prior to domestication. Distinguishing between domestic, feral, and wild species can be difficult, since some populations of so-called “wild species” are at least partly descended from domesticated “populations” (e.g., junglefowl, European wild sheep) and because transitions in both directions are gradual rather than abrupt. In urban settings, prior selection for coexistence with humans provides particular benefit for a domestic organism that undergoes feralization. One risk is that such taxa can become invasive not just at the site of release/escape but far away. As humanity becomes increasingly urban and pristine environments rapidly diminish, we believe that feralized populations also hold conservation value. KW - Anthropocene KW - domestication KW - feralization KW - urbanization KW - invasive species KW - biodiversity in novel ecosystems Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3992 SN - 2076-2615 VL - 13 IS - 4 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Litschel, Johannes A1 - Berendt, Ferréol A1 - Wagner, Hanna A1 - Heidenreich, Simon A1 - Bauer, David A1 - Welp, Martin A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - Key Actors’ Perspectives on Agroforestry’s Potential in North Eastern Germany JF - Land N2 - As a land use management system, agroforestry has environmental, economic and societal benefits over conventional agriculture or forestry. Important benefits of combining tree growth with agricultural crops and/or forage production systems include higher biodiversity through more diverse habitats, the control of runoff and soil erosion, the augmentation of soil water availability, the creation of microclimates, carbon sequestration and provision of a more diverse farm economy. As the climate changes, north eastern Germany is likely to be particularly prone to severe effects from droughts and wind erosion in the future. However, the area of land under agroforestry makes up less than 2% of the total agricultural area in Germany. Through qualitative interviews with key actors, this study analyzed the benefits of, potentials for and barriers to implementing agroforestry systems in the federal state of Brandenburg. Results showed that agroforestry systems have significant potential in relation to several benefits, particularly the mitigation of soil erosion and stabilization of microclimate regimes. Additionally, agroforestry has the potential to provide wood for energy production or material uses. Although a small but highly innovative and interlinked community exists, administrative barriers and high start-up costs currently hamper the transition from conventional agriculture to agroforestry systems. KW - agroforestry KW - timber products KW - semi-structured interviews KW - barrier KW - opportunity Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4003 SN - 2073-445X VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - MDPI ER - TY - GEN A1 - Cieslewicz, Kira A1 - Lang, Daniel A1 - Barth, Matthias T1 - Der europäische Weg T2 - Ökologisches Wirtschaften N2 - Für eine nachhaltige Zukunftsgestaltung spielt es eine zentrale Rolle, Digitalisierung in den Dienst einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung zu stellen. Neben dem chinesischen und dem US‑amerikanischen Modell bleibt die Frage offen, ob sich hierfür ein alternativer, spezifisch europäischer Weg der Digitalisierung herausbilden kann. KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Digitalisierung KW - nachhaltige Entwicklung Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4040 IS - 37(1) SP - 8 EP - 9 PB - oekom Verlag CY - München ER - TY - GEN A1 - Barth, Matthias A1 - Gossen, Maike A1 - Lang, Daniel J. A1 - Santarius, Tilman T1 - Sustainable digitalization ‐ fostering the twin transformation in a transdisciplinary way T2 - GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society N2 - Can digitalization be designed in such a way that it does not harm the environment or promote unsustainable lifestyles? Can it even promote a green transformation? The authors of this GAIA special issue discuss how stakeholder engagement and transdisciplinary approaches can help address digitalization and sustainability in an integrated way. The special issue deepens insights into the state of knowledge on sustainable digitalization in both scientific and political discourses. KW - digitalization; environmental sustainability; transdisciplinarity; transformation Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4058 SN - 2625-5413 VL - Volume 32 IS - Supplement 1 SP - 6 EP - 9 PB - oekom verlag ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ullah, Ayat A1 - Saqib, Shahab E. A1 - Kächele, Harald T1 - Determinants of Farmers’ Awareness and Adoption of Extension Recommended Wheat Varieties in the Rainfed Areas of Pakistan JF - Sustainability N2 - Scientific evidence suggests that there is room for eradicating poverty and hunger by increasing food production through the adoption of modern agricultural practices by farmers. This study aimed, first, to explore the relationship between the farmers’ awareness and adoption of improved wheat varieties. Second, it aimed to find the key factors that govern the farmers’ awareness and adoption of extension-recommended innovations in the rainfed cropping system of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Data were collected from 395 respondents. A binary logit model was used to analyze the effect of the farmers’ socioeconomic and farm-specific characteristics on their awareness and adoption of the extension-suggested wheat varieties. Moreover, qualitative data from 40 key informants were collected for in-depth analysis. The results show a strong association between the farmers’ awareness of a technology (improved wheat varieties) and its adoption. The results of the logit model show that their extension contacts, income from agriculture, and access to credit positively affected the farmers’ awareness, whereas their education and household sizes negatively affected their awareness. Moreover, the factors that positively influenced the farmers’ decision to adopt the technology included the extension contact, the confidence in the extension, the risk-bearing attitude, and the credit access, whereas the household size and education negatively affected it. The results of the key informant interviews reveal that the high incidence of poverty, the low soil fertility, the farmers’ inability to make effective decisions, the lack of accurate weather predictability in the rainfed farming system, the lack of government interest, and the asymmetric information in the inputs markets contributed to the farmers’ low levels of awareness and to their poor adoption of improved agricultural technologies. These results indicate that any intervention aimed at the awareness and adoption by farmers of improved technologies, such as new wheat varieties, should recognize the heterogeneity in the farmers’ socioeconomic and farm-specific characteristics. KW - farmers’ awareness KW - technology adoption KW - improved wheat varieties KW - socioeconomic and farm-specific characteristics Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3496 SN - 2071-1050 VL - 14 IS - 6 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Missall, Siegmund A1 - Welp, Martin A1 - Mehta, Kedar A1 - Degembaeva, Nadira A1 - Akmatov, Kuban A1 - Zörner, Wilfried T1 - In Search for the Optimal Forest Use Behaviour: Riparian Forest Use in Central Asia, Using the Example of Ak-Tal, Naryn, Kyrgyzstan JF - Forests N2 - Riparian forests are rare and valuable ecosystems in Central Asia, both due to their significance for biodiversity and to their provision of vital ecosystem services to local residents. However, the actual forest use behaviour is under-researched, official figures may not be trustworthy, and the question of over-use is up in the air. This paper sets out to shed light on riparian forest use behaviour by local residents using the example of Ak-Tal Village upon the Naryn River in Kyrgyzstan: Which economic use patterns do they practice (focusing on fuel wood and pasture)? Which other ecosystem services do they recognise? Is there forest over-exploitation? To answer these questions, this study builds on local knowledge, by applying the methods of focus group discussions and a household survey. Results show an extreme discrepancy between official wood consumption figures (50–60 m3 p.a.) and figures based on household wood consumption (310–404 m3 p.a.). The forest also serves as an important winter pasture over the seven months between October and April (stocking density 0.61 livestock units/ha), but payments for these ecosystem services are low, with annually 40 KGS/ha. Local residents are aware of additional material and nonmaterial ecosystem services of the riparian forest. Opinions diverge upon the question if there is forest over-exploitation, potentially because different stakeholders have different concepts of an optimal forest status. Consequently, optimal forest use behaviour can only be defined by the local users themselves, e.g., in a future stakeholder dialogue. KW - riparian forest KW - fuel wood KW - wood pasture KW - agroforestry KW - ecosystem services KW - Naryn KW - Kyrgyzstan KW - Central Asia Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3508 SN - 1999-4907 VL - 13 IS - 8 PB - MDPI ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Munk, Christoph A1 - Pfriem, Alexander T1 - Influence of residual oxygen content during thermal modification process on mass loss, brightness colour and dynamic Young´s modulus of Fagus sylvatica (L.) T2 - 18th Annual Meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering, 21-22 September 2022, Göttingen, Germany N2 - The thermal modification of wood is considered to be an environmentally friendly and cost-effective treatment process, which has been able to establish itself in many areas of application due to its positive effect on a whole range of different material properties through a wide variety of process designs. In addition to heat transfer and pressure, closed and open systems differ primarily in the choice of treatment atmosphere mainly used to prevent combustion (Sandberg et al. 2021). Although many studies in recent years have investigated influencing process parameters such as temperature, pressure or treatment duration, there exists a knowledge gap regarding the influence of the treatment atmosphere or its behaviour during the treatment process (Candelier et al. 2016). Therefore, this study aims to analyse different oxygen-nitrogen concentrations in the treatment atmosphere at different residual oxygen levels during the process duration and their influence on different property parameters of Fagus sylvatica (L.). KW - beech wood, thermal modification, nitrogen, oxygen, mass loss, MOE, CIELab Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3582 SP - 1 EP - 3 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bender, Tobias A1 - Munk, Christoph A1 - Damay, Jérémie A1 - Jousserand, Michael A1 - Gérardin, Philippe A1 - Pfriem, Alexander T1 - The Effect of Thermal Treatment of Sycamore Maple (Acer Pseudoplatanus L.) prior to Impregnation with Furfuryl Alcohol, regarding Homogeneity and Swelling Behaviour T2 - 18th Annual Meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering, 21-22 September 2022, Göttingen, Germany N2 - Impregnation of wood with certain chemical compounds is a well established method to improve its physical and mechanical properties. However, the result is often not quite homogeneous. This study examines the effect of two varying thermal treatments on the impregnability of sycamore maple (Acer Pseudoplatanus L.) with furfuryl alcohol (FA), and on the resulting Anti-Swelling-Efficiency (ASE). KW - TMT, Furfuryl Alcohol, ASE, Maple, impregnability Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3597 SP - 1 EP - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hamidov, Ahmad A1 - Helming, Katharina T1 - Sustainability Considerations in Water–Energy–Food Nexus Research in Irrigated Agriculture JF - Sustainability N2 - Irrigated agriculture is essential to satisfying the globally increasing demand for food and bio-based products. Yet, in water scarce regions, water-use for irrigation aggravates the competition for the use of water for other purposes, such as energy production, drinking water and sanitation. Solutions for sustainable food production through irrigated agriculture require a systemic approach to assess benefits and trade-offs across sectors. Here, the water–energy–food (WEF) nexus has become an important concept in natural resource management. It has been conceptualized to analyze linkages and trade-offs between the three sectors, across temporal and spatial scales. However, the concept has so far mainly been conceptual, with little empirical evidence or proof of concept in real world cases. The objective of this paper was to take stock of the rapidly advancing literature on the WEF nexus in irrigated agriculture, and to analyze how the concept was actually implemented in research studies, and how the nexus between water, food and energy was actually dealt with. The study period ranges from 2011 to 2019, and includes 194 articles. Results showed that the WEF nexus is indeed very relevant in irrigated agriculture, and the respective literature makes up one third of all WEF nexus papers. Modeling and empirical research have caught up with conceptual synthesis studies during the last four years, thereby indicating that the WEF nexus concept is indeed increasingly operationalized. However, most studies addressed the WEF nexus from a perspective of either socioeconomic, technological or environmental categories, and they place one of the dimensions of water, food or energy into the foreground. To address sustainable development, there is a need to fully integrate across research disciplines and thematic dimensions. Such studies are only starting to emerge. These findings are an important evidence-base for future WEF nexus research on irrigated agriculture, in support of sustainable solutions for water scarce regions, especially in settings undergoing transformations. KW - sustainability KW - water resources KW - food security KW - energy production KW - soil services KW - transformation KW - governance KW - sustainable development goals Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3381 SN - 2071-1050 VL - 12 IS - 15 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - MacPherson, Joseph A1 - Paul, Carsten A1 - Helming, Katharina T1 - Linking Ecosystem Services and the SDGs to Farm-Level Assessment Tools and Models JF - Sustainability N2 - A number of tools and models have been developed to assess farm-level sustainability. However, it is unclear how well they potentially incorporate ecosystem services (ES), or how they may contribute to attaining the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Understanding how farm-level assessment tools and models converge on these new paradigms of sustainability is important for drawing comparison on sustainability performances of farming systems, conducting meta-analyses and upscaling local responses to global driving forces. In this study, a coverage analysis was performed for several farm-level sustainability assessment (SA) tools (SAFA, RISE, KSNL, DLG) and models (MODAM, MONICA, APSIM), in regard to their potential for incorporating ES and contribution to attaining the SDGs. Lists of agricultural-relevant CICES classes and SDG targets were compiled and matched against the indicators of the tools and models. The results showed that SAFA possessed the most comprehensive coverage of ES and SDGs, followed by RISE and KSNL. In comparison to models, SA tools were observed to have a higher degree of potential for covering ES and SDGs, which was attributed to larger and broader indicators sets. However, this study also suggested that, overall, current tools and models do not sufficiently articulate the concept of ecosystem services. KW - agriculture KW - SA KW - ecosystem services KW - SDGs CICES KW - tools KW - models KW - coverage analysis Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3395 SN - 2071-1050 VL - 12 IS - 16 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vasić, Filip A1 - Paul, Carsten A1 - Strauss, Veronika A1 - Helming, Katharina T1 - Ecosystem Services of Kettle Holes in Agricultural Landscapes JF - Agronomy N2 - Kettle holes are small water bodies of glacial origin which mostly occur in agricultural landscapes. They provide numerous ecosystem services (ES), but their supply may be negatively affected by agricultural management. We conducted a literature review to identify which ES are supplied by kettle holes and to analyze feedbacks with agricultural management. Taking Germany as a test case, we also analyzed how kettle holes are addressed in policy documents and for which ES they are regulated. This was done to identify the societal value officially associated with kettle holes. The literature review found eight ES attributed to kettle holes, of which hydrological cycle and flood control, chemical condition of freshwaters, nursery populations and habitats and biotic remediation of wastes were addressed most often. In contrast, only the provision of habitat service was addressed in German policy documents related to kettle holes. We identified types of agricultural management that negatively affected the supply of ES by kettle holes, in particular artificial drainage, high levels of pesticide and fertilizer application, and management where tillage and erosion result in elevated sediment inputs. Additionally, climate change may lead to an increased drying up of kettle holes. Based on our finding, we conclude that the intensity of agricultural management around kettle holes threatens the supply of all ES while only the service of providing habitats for biodiversity is addressed in German policy regulations. Further regulation is required to induce agricultural management change towards a conservation of all ES supplied by kettle holes. KW - kettle hole KW - small water bodies KW - wetland KW - ecosystem service KW - CICES KW - agricultural management KW - sustainability KW - policy KW - climate change Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3407 SN - 2073-4395 VL - 10 IS - 9 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ullah, Ayat A1 - Mahmood, Nasir A1 - Zeb, Alam A1 - Kächele, Harald T1 - Factors Determining Farmers’ Access to and Sources of Credit: Evidence from the Rain-Fed Zone of Pakistan JF - Agriculture N2 - This study investigates the factors that affect farmers’ access to agricultural credit and its role in adopting improved agricultural technologies in the rain-fed zone of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. Using logistic models, we assess and compare the relative role of farmers’ socioeconomic attributes in their access to credit and adoption strategies. The results indicate a moderate positive association between farmers’ access to agricultural credit and their adoption of improved agricultural technologies. The binary logit model’s results indicate that farmers with a large-sized farm, high farm income, better access to information, and large physical asset ownership showed a positive influence on credit access. However, farming experience showed a negative effect on farmers’ access to agricultural credit. Regarding farmers’ credit sources, this study found that asset-rich farmers with more farming experience and better access to information relied more on banks than on input providers and informal credit sources. Similarly, older farmers with more education, larger farm sizes and high farm income were more likely to have borrowed from input providers than banks. We conclude that the role of the effective provision of information on credit and agricultural technology is imperative and requires separate policies that are specifically aimed at different groups of farmers with different socioeconomic and farm-related characteristics. KW - agricultural credit KW - adoption of agricultural technologies KW - rain-fed zone KW - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa KW - socioeconomic attributes Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3419 SN - 2077-0472 VL - 10 IS - 12 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Russ, Alexander A1 - Riek, Winfried A1 - Wessolek, Gerd T1 - Three-Dimensional Mapping of Forest Soil Carbon Stocks Using SCORPAN Modelling and Relative Depth Gradients in the North-Eastern Lowlands of Germany JF - Applied Sciences N2 - To cope with the challenges in forest management that are contemporarily caused by climate change, data on current chemical and physical soil properties are more and more necessary. For this purpose, we present a further amalgam of depth functions and SCORPAN modelling to provide data at arbitrary depth layers. In this concept, regionalisation is split up into the modelling of plot totals and the estimation of vertical distributions. The intended benefits by splitting up are: consistency between estimates on plot level and depth layer level, avoidance of artificial depth gradients, straightforward interpretation of covariates in the sense of pedogenetic processes, and circumnavigation of the propagation of uncertainties associated with separation between horizons during field sampling. The methodology was tailored to the circumstances within the north-eastern lowlands and the utilisation of current inventory data of the National Forest Soil Inventory (NFSI) in Brandenburg (Germany). Using the regionalisation of soil organic carbon (SOC) as an example, the application is demonstrated and discussed in detail. The depth to groundwater table and terrain parameters related to the catchment area were the main factors in SOC storage. The use of kriging did not improve the model performance. The relative depth gradients of SOC were especially distinguished by tree species composition and stand age. We suppose that interesting fields of application may be found in scenario-based modelling of SOC and when SOC serves as a basis for hydrological modelling. KW - depth functions KW - SCORPAN modelling KW - soil forming factors; KW - forest soils KW - soil organic carbon KW - regionalisation KW - north-eastern lowlands KW - forest site mapping KW - Brandenburg Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3427 SN - 2076-3417 VL - 11 IS - 2 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Riek, Winfried A1 - Russ, Alexander A1 - Marx, Marc T1 - Concentrations of Inorganic and Organic Pollutants in Forest Soils as an Archive of Anthropogenic Inputs in the State of Brandenburg, Germany JF - Applied Sciences N2 - An important component of the National Forest Soils Inventory (NFSI) is the investigation of inorganic and organic pollutants. Forests are able to filter out large quantities of these substances from the atmosphere and incorporate them into the soil for a long time. The aim of this study was the integrative evaluation of organic and inorganic pollutant concentrations in forest soils in the state of Brandenburg, Germany. With the help of principle component analysis, the pollutant concentrations can essentially be explained by three significant environmental components, which explain 76% of the total variance of all pollutants examined within the scope of the NFSI. The first component characterizes the extent of the atmospheric pollution caused by flue gases and fly ash from lignite combustion in the 1970s and 1980s and is mainly charged by the organic pollutants HCB and PAH, and the elements arsenic and chromium. This component shows positive relation to both spatially interpolated calcium-deposition data from the 1980s (as an indicator for the dust emission from coal combustion) and crown defoliation data of pine stands from the forest condition survey in the early 1990s. The depositions of zinc and cadmium from industrial sources, vehicle traffic and the use of fertilizers in agriculture mainly characterize the second principle component. The use of the pesticides DDT and lindane in the early 1980s and the associated pollutants input into the forest soils are expressed by the third component. In expanding the term archiving function of soils, the results illustrate their particular importance for the long-term archiving of anthropogenic inputs and the associated potential stress factors for forests. KW - forest soils KW - heavy metals KW - organic pollutants KW - forest soil inventory KW - forest crown condition KW - lignite combustion KW - fly ash deposition KW - principle component analyses KW - Brandenburg Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3430 SN - 2076-3417 VL - 11 IS - 3 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Biland, Mazhar A1 - Zeb, Alam A1 - Ullah, Ayat A1 - Kächele, Harald T1 - Why Do Households Depend on the Forest for Income? Analysis of Factors Influencing Households’ Decision-Making Behaviors JF - Sustainability N2 - Using survey information of 150 randomly selected households across 21 villages of the forest-rich district of Swat, Pakistan, this study assessed households’ decision-making behaviors in depending on income from nearby forested land using socio-economic attributes. The evidence from the study may aid in making the existing policies be better targeted toward families that depend on the forest for income. Descriptive statistics and econometric techniques such as logit and tobit were used to analyze the data. Respondent households obtained the highest share of their income from off-farm activities (37%) and least from forest activities (16%). Fuelwood constitutes the biggest share (66%) of forest income, followed by medical plants (20%) and fodder (13%). We found that households with more physical assets, more family members working in off-farm jobs, and households earning more income from off-farm jobs were significantly and negatively associated with households’ decision to depend on forest income and total income obtained. We also found that households with less distance to the market and membership to joint forest management committees (JFMCs) were significantly and negatively associated with households’ total income obtained. However, household size was significantly and positively related to households’ decision of forest dependency. The study recommends the creation of off-farm opportunities and inclusion of local people in the management of forests through establishment of JFMCs, particularly for large and poor families. KW - decision-making behavior KW - socio-economic attributes KW - forest income dependency KW - total income obtained Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3441 SN - 2071-1050 VL - 13 IS - 16 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Roque, Dionísio A1 - Göttert, Thomas A1 - Macandza, Valério António A1 - Zeller, Ulrich T1 - Assessing Distribution Patterns and the Relative Abundance of Reintroduced Large Herbivores in the Limpopo National Park, Mozambique JF - Diversity N2 - This study is the first systematic assessment of large herbivore (LH) communities in Limpopo National Park (LNP) in Mozambique, an area where most LH species were extinct until the early 2000s. We investigate whether LH community parameters are linked with the availability of habitat types or the distance between sampling sites and the origin of LH resettlement. We placed camera traps in five habitat types in resettled and not-resettled areas to compare species richness, relative abundance index, grazers–browsers–mixed feeder and naïve occupancy of 15 LH species. While the richness decreased along the distance gradient of LH resettlement, relative abundance index strongly responded to habitat features. The grazer–browser–mixed feeder ratio oscillated, while from resettled to not-resettled areas, the ratio increased. Most species show a wide distribution range. The associations of most LH community parameters with habitat types rather than distance to initial release, together with the species-specific and guild-specific response patterns of LH, suggest LNP to already be in an intermediate stage of restoration. Our results highlight the importance of post-release monitoring of reintroduced wildlife as a tool to assess the success of ecological restoration initiatives in transboundary conservation areas. KW - camera trap KW - colonization KW - distribution patterns KW - relative abundance KW - ecological parameters KW - habitat types KW - large herbivores reintroduction KW - Limpopo National Park KW - Old Sanctuary Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3454 SN - 1424-2818 VL - 13 IS - 10 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Starik, Nicole A1 - Göttert, Thomas A1 - Zeller, Ulrich T1 - Spatial Behavior and Habitat Use of Two Sympatric Bat Species JF - Animals N2 - Movement behavior and habitat use of the long-eared bat species Plecotus auritus and Plecotus austriacus were studied in the Havelland region in Brandenburg (Germany). Data collection included mist-netting, radiotelemetry, reconstruction of prey items, and monitoring of roosting sites. Body measurements confirm a high degree of phenotypic similarity between the two species. Total activity areas (100% Minimum Convex Polygons, MCPS) of Plecotus austriacus (2828.3 ± 1269.43 ha) were up to five-fold larger compared to Plecotus auritus (544.54 ± 295.89 ha). The activity areas of Plecotus austriacus contained up to 11 distinct core areas, and their mean total size (149.7 ± 0.07 ha) was approximately three-fold larger compared to core areas of Plecotus auritus (49.2 ± 25.6 ha). The mean distance between consecutive fixes per night was 12.72 ± 3.7 km for Plecotus austriacus and 4.23 ± 2.8 km for Plecotus auritus. While Plecotus austriacus was located most frequently over pastures (>40%) and meadows (>20%), P. auritus was located mostly within deciduous (>50%) and mixed forests (>30%) in close vicinity to its roosts. Roost site monitoring indicates that the activity of P. austriacus is delayed relative to P. auritus in spring and declined earlier in autumn. These phenological differences are probably related to the species’ respective diets. Levins’ measure of trophic niche breadth suggests that the prey spectrum for P. auritus is more diverse during spring (B = 2.86) and autumn (B = 2.82) compared to P. austriacus (spring: B = 1.7; autumn: B = 2.1). Our results give reason to consider these interspecific ecological variations and species-specific requirements of P. auritus and P. austriacus to develop adapted and improved conservation measures. KW - Plecotus KW - resource partitioning KW - radio-tracking KW - activity areas KW - fecal analysis Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3465 SN - 2076-2615 VL - 11 IS - 12 PB - MDPI ER - TY - GEN A1 - Franzke, Christian L E A1 - Ciullo, Alessio A1 - Gilmore, Elisabeth A A1 - Matias, Denise Margaret A1 - Nagabhatla, Nidhi A1 - Orlov, Anton A1 - Paterson, Shona K A1 - Scheffran, Jürgen A1 - Sillmann, Jana T1 - Perspectives on tipping points in integrated models of the natural and human Earth system: cascading effects and telecoupling T2 - Environmental Research Letters N2 - The Earth system and the human system are intrinsically linked. Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions have led to the climate crisis, which is causing unprecedented extreme events and could trigger Earth system tipping elements. Physical and social forces can lead to tipping points and cascading effects via feedbacks and telecoupling, but the current generation of climate-economy models do not generally take account of these interactions and feedbacks. Here, we show the importance of the interplay between human societies and Earth systems in creating tipping points and cascading effects and the way they in turn affect sustainability and security. The lack of modeling of these links can lead to an underestimation of climate and societal risks as well as how societal tipping points can be harnessed to moderate physical impacts. This calls for the systematic development of models for a better integration and understanding of Earth and human systems at different spatial and temporal scales, specifically those that enable decision-making to reduce the likelihood of crossing local or global tipping points. KW - tipping points KW - cascading effects KW - coupling of natural and human Earth systems KW - telecoupling KW - extreme events Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3476 SN - 1748-9326 VL - 17 IS - 1 PB - IOP Publishing Ltd ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Brözel, Claudia T1 - Impulse für eine gelingende Kooperation zur Verbesserung der Verfügbarkeit glaubwürdiger Informationen zu nachhaltigen Angeboten im Tourismus aus der Pespektive der Stakeholder und der Intention Behaviour Gap - Mittels einer systemischen Visualisierung N2 - Im Rahmen der Dokumentation einer systemischen Aufstellung werden die Beziehungen zwischen den Elementen Plattformen und Zertifizierern sowie zwischen Anbietern in der touristischen Wertschöpfungskette und der Intention-Behaviour-Gap visualisiert. Durch die dadurch sichtbar werdenden Bedürfnisse, Risiken und Chancen lassen sich Rahmenbedingungen für gelingende Kooperationen ableiten. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2682 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Loebjinski, Maria A1 - Rug, Wolfgang A1 - Pasternak, Hartmut T1 - The Influence of Improved Strength Grading In Situ on Modelling Timber Strength Properties JF - Buildings N2 - The management and preservation of structures in our built environment are central and challenging tasks for practicing engineers. Within the CEN member states (European Committee for Standardization), the so-called Eurocodes form the basis of the design and verification of the load-bearing capacity of structures. Current Eurocodes do not contain special recommendations for existing structures, meaning that the principles for new structures are applied. This can lead to an incorrect estimation of the load-bearing capacity within the semi-probabilistic safety concept. A central task within the investigation and evaluation of existing structures is the strength grading of the material in situ using non-/semi-destructive technical devices. Studies show the potential of the ultrasonic time-of-flight measurement in combination with visual evaluation for an improved grading. The information on the material from an improved grading technique can be used to update the material parameters as a target variable using a measured reference variable. In this contribution, test data from a partner project (spruce, pine, and oak) are analyzed, applying the stochastic grading model of Pöhlmann and Rackwitz. It can be shown that different grading techniques influence the updated distribution function of the material strength within the grade. The results depend on the timber species. Perspectives to develop updated models dependent on the knowledge available are shown and discussed. KW - timber KW - existing structures KW - modelling material properties KW - code calibration KW - evaluation procedure Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2736 SN - 2075-5309 VL - 10 IS - 2 PB - MDPI ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wozniak, Martin A1 - Wulf, Fabian A1 - Munier, Leo Felix A1 - Mund, Axel A1 - Pfriem, Alexander ED - Wagenführ, Andrè T1 - Reduce, Reuse, Recycle im Möbelsektor T2 - Tagungsband des 20. Holztechnologischen Kolloquiums Dresden 28.-29. April 2022 N2 - Aufgrund von Rohstoffknappheit auch bei nachwachsenden Rohstoffen kann das Recyceln von Holz und Holzwerkstoffen auch im Möbelsektor nur an vorletzter Stelle, vor der thermischen Verwertung, stehen. Davor gilt es, schon bei der Produktion den Materialeinsatz zu reduzieren bzw. Möbel so zu gestalten, dass eine verlängerte Nutzung möglich ist. Insgesamt muss die Produktnutzung intensiviert werden. Dafür sind unter anderem geeignete Businessmodelle erforderlich. Hiermit beschäftigt sich das Projekt PERMA an der HNEE. Wird Holz dann zum Altholz, muss die Nachnutzungsquote deutlich erhöht werden. Mit der Identifizierung und Indexierung von Altholz befasst sich daher das Kooperations-projekt WIn-Altholz. Sind allerdings Holzspan- und Holzfaserwerkstoffe beschä-digt oder werden nicht mehr benötigt, gibt es bisher keine sinnvollen Nachnut-zungsszenarien. Das Forschungsprojekt „Respan“ will nun ein Recyclingverfahren entwickeln, dass die Nachnutzung möglichst aller Bestandteile der Werkstoffe realisiert. KW - Holzwerkstoff KW - Kreislaufwirtschaft KW - Möbel KW - Recycling KW - Ressourceneffizienz Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2760 SN - 978-3-86780-705-0 SP - 79 EP - 87 PB - Selbstverlag TU Dresden CY - Dresden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eriksen, Ane A1 - Versluijs, Erik A1 - Fuchs, Boris A1 - Zimmermann, Barbara A1 - Wabakken, Petter A1 - Ordiz, Andrés A1 - Sunde, Peter A1 - Wikenros, Camilla A1 - Sand, Håkan A1 - Gillich, Benjamin A1 - Michler, Frank A1 - Nordli, Kristoffer A1 - Carricondo-Sanchez, David A1 - Gorini, Lucrezia A1 - Rieger, Siegfried T1 - A Standardized Method for Experimental Human Approach Trials on Wild Wolves JF - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution N2 - As wolves recolonize areas of Europe ranging from moderate to high anthropogenic impact, fear of wolves is a recurring source of conflict. Shared tools for evaluating wolf responses to humans, and comparing such responses across their range, can be valuable. Experiments in which humans approach wild wolves can increase our understanding of how wolves respond to humans, facilitating human-wolf coexistence. We have developed the first standardized protocol for evaluating wolf responses to approaching humans using high-resolution GPS data, and tested it on wild wolves. We present a field protocol for experimentally approaching GPS-collared wolves, a descriptive comparison of two statistical methods for detecting a measurable flight response, a tutorial for identifying wolf flight initiation and resettling positions, and an evaluation of the method when reducing GPS positioning frequency. The field protocol, a data collection form, and the tutorial with R code for extracting flight parameters are provided. This protocol will facilitate studies of wolf responses to approaching humans, applicable at a local, national, and international level. Data compiled in a standardized way from multiple study areas can be used to quantify the variation in wolf responses to humans within and between populations, and in relation to predictors such as social status, landscape factors, or human population density, and to establish a baseline distribution of wolf response patterns given a number of known predictors. The variation in wolf responses can be used to assess the degree to which results can be generalized to areas where GPS studies are not feasible, e.g., for predicting the range of likely wolf behaviors, assessing the likelihood of wolf-human encounters, and complementing existing tools for evaluating reports of bold wolves. Showing how wolves respond to human encounters should help demystify the behavior of wild wolves toward humans in their shared habitat. KW - carnivores KW - changepoint analysis KW - field experiments KW - flight initiation distance (FID) KW - upper control limit (UCL) KW - wildlife-human interaction Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2788 SN - 2296-701X N1 - The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2022.793307/full#supplementary-material VL - 10 PB - Frontiers Media S.A. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Luo, Anran A1 - Zuberi, Mehwish A1 - Liu, Jiayu A1 - Perrone, Miranda A1 - Schnepf, Simone A1 - Leipold, Sina T1 - Why common interests and collective action are not enough for environmental cooperation – Lessons from the China-EU cooperation discourse on circular economy JF - Global Environmental Change N2 - Scholars have argued that circular economy (CE) must be upscaled and globalized to address excessive resource extraction and waste generation. Many CE practitioners consider the first international CE agreement between China and the EU a milestone towards such an effort. This analysis shows why this expectation is premature. European and Chinese stakeholders’ optimistic and depoliticized CE narratives disable communication regarding development disparities, negative competition and distrust, which shape geopolitical rivalry. While skeptical narratives that address political barriers exist, they fall short of suggesting alternatives. Based on 72 stakeholder interviews, 40 documents and participant observation, these results highlight the critical importance of investigating narrative strategies to repoliticize environmental cooperation. Such narrative strategies would support contestation and negotiation on development disparities and open channels for joint conceptualization of implementation scales for environmental strategies, circular or otherwise. We therefore propose using constructivist perspectives of international relations to explore discursive barriers and enablers to global environmental action. KW - Development KW - Trust KW - Circular economy KW - China KW - EU KW - International trade KW - Environmental cooperation Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2554 VL - 71 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sunde, Peter A1 - Collet, Sebastian A1 - Nowak, Carsten A1 - Thomsen, Philip Francis A1 - Møller Hansen, Michael A1 - Schulz, Björn A1 - Matzen, Jens A1 - Michler, Frank-Uwe A1 - Vedel-Smith, Christina A1 - Olsen, Kent T1 - Where have all the young wolves gone? Traffic and cryptic mortality create a wolf population sink in Denmark and northernmost Germany JF - Conservation Letters N2 - Large carnivores are currently recolonizing Europe following legal protection, but increased mortality in landscapes highly impacted by humans may limit further population expansion. We analyzed mortality and disappearance rates of 35 wolves (of which three emigrated, nine died and 14 disappeared by 1 January 2020) by genetic monitoring in the heavily cultivated and densely populated Jutland peninsula (Denmark and Schleswig-Holstein, Germany). Annual traffic kill rate estimates ranged from 0.37 (95% CI: 0.11–0.85) to 0.78 (0.51–0.96) in the German part, equivalent to 0.08 (0.02–0.29)–0.25 (0.13–0.46) for the entire region, in the absence of any registered Danish roadkills. In Denmark, annual mortality rate estimates ranged from 0.46 (0.29–0.67) to 0.52 (0.35–0.71), predominantly from cryptic mortality. Despite successful reproductions, we conclude the region is a wolf population sink, primarily driven by cryptic mortality, most likely illegal killing. We hypothesize that frequent encounters between wolves and wolf-averse persecutors in cultivated landscapes may cause unsustainably high mortality rates despite the majority of hunters respecting protection laws. KW - Canis lupus KW - Denmark KW - Genetic wildlife monitoring KW - Germany KW - Human-wildlife conflict KW - Illegal killings KW - Large carnivores KW - Poaching KW - Recolonization KW - Roadkills KW - Source-sink Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2565 SN - 1755-263X VL - 14 IS - 5 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Halwani, Mosab A1 - Reckling, Moritz A1 - Egamberdieva, Dilfuza A1 - Omari, Richard Ansong A1 - Bellingrath-Kimura, Sonoko Dorothea A1 - Bachinger, Johann A1 - Bloch, Ralf T1 - Soybean Nodulation Response to Cropping Interval and Inoculation in European Cropping Systems JF - Frontiers in Plant Science N2 - To support the adaption of soybean [Glycine max (L) Merrill] cultivation across Central Europe, the availability of compatible soybean nodulating Bradyrhizobia (SNB) is essential. Little is known about the symbiotic potential of indigenous SNB in Central Europe and the interaction with an SNB inoculum from commercial products. The objective of this study was to quantify the capacity of indigenous and inoculated SNB strains on the symbiotic performance of soybean in a pot experiment, using soils with and without soybean history. Under controlled conditions in a growth chamber, the study focused on two main factors: a soybean cropping interval (time since the last soybean cultivation; SCI) and inoculation with commercial Bradyrhizobia strains. Comparing the two types of soil, without soybean history and with 1–4 years SCI, we found out that plants grown in soil with soybean history and without inoculation had significantly more root nodules and higher nitrogen content in the plant tissue. These parameters, along with the leghemoglobin content, were found to be a variable among soils with 1–4 years SCI and did not show a trend over the years. Inoculation in soil without soybean history showed a significant increase in a nodulation rate, leghemoglobin content, and soybean tissue nitrogen concentration. The study found that response to inoculation varied significantly as per locations in soil with previous soybean cultivation history. An inoculated soybean grown on loamy sandy soils from the location Müncheberg had significantly more nodules as well as higher green tissue nitrogen concentration compared with non-inoculated plants. No significant improvement in a nodulation rate and tissue nitrogen concentration was observed for an inoculated soybean grown on loamy sandy soils from the location Fehrow. These results suggest that introduced SNB strains remained viable in the soil and were still symbiotically competent for up to 4 years after soybean cultivation. However, the symbiotic performance of the SNB remaining in the soils was not sufficient in all cases and makes inoculation with commercial products necessary. The SNB strains found in the soil of Central Europe could also be promising candidates for the development of inoculants and already represent a contribution to the successful cultivation of soybeans in Central Europe. KW - soybean KW - Bradyrhizobia KW - cropping interval KW - inoculation KW - nodulation KW - Central Europe Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2576 SN - 1664-462X VL - 12 PB - Frontiers Media S.A. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nosenko, Tetyana A1 - Hanke-Uhe, Manuel A1 - Heine, Philip Alexander A1 - Shahid, Afsheen A1 - Dübel, Stefan A1 - Rennenberg, Heinz A1 - Schumacher, Jörg A1 - Winkler, Jana Barbro A1 - Schnitzler, Jörg-Peter A1 - Hänsch, Robert A1 - Kaufholdt, David T1 - Plant Defense Proteins as Potential Markers for Early Detection of Forest Damage and Diseases JF - Frontiers in Forests and Global Change N2 - Over the last two decades, European forest ecosystems have been exposed to increasing stress associated with an increasing number, duration and severity of extreme events triggered by climate change (Dyderski et al., 2018). For forest plants, the concomitant stresses are not limited to direct detrimental effects of rising temperatures, drought and heavy rainfall, but also include enhanced virulence of native plant pathogens and herbivores and the introduction of new pests (Stenlid and Oliva, 2016). The detection of forest diseases at an early stage, when visible symptoms cannot yet be observed, is a crucial prerequisite to counteract regional spreading of pathogens. However, the effective monitoring of forest damage and diseases requires reliable and easy-to-use portable test systems. KW - Forest disease diagnostic KW - Molecular markers KW - Antimicrobial peptides KW - Defensins KW - Plant defense Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2587 SN - 2624-893X VL - 4 PB - Frontiers ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Primmer, Eeva A1 - Varumo, Liisa A1 - Krause, Torsten A1 - Orsi, Francesco A1 - Geneletti, Davide A1 - Brogaard, Sara A1 - Aukes, Ewert A1 - Ciolli, Marco A1 - Grossmann, Carol A1 - Hernández-Morcillo, Mónica A1 - Kister, Jutta A1 - Kluvánková, Tatiana A1 - Loft, Lasse A1 - Maier, Carolin A1 - Meyer, Claas A1 - Schleyer, Christian A1 - Spacek, Martin A1 - Mann, Carsten T1 - Mapping Europe’s institutional landscape for forest ecosystem service provision, innovations and governance JF - Ecosystem Services N2 - There has been a strong quest for mapping and assessing ecosystem services (ES) to support governance. Yet, the institutional landscape that governs ES provision across multiple contexts has received less attention. We fill this research gap by developing and operationalising a framework for the analysis of policy documents that address European forest ES provision. By coding and analysing references to forest ES as well as innovations and governance mechanisms addressing these ES in national strategies on forest, biodiversity and bioeconomy, we map the institutional landscape of forest ES provision in Europe. We further analyse how biophysical supply of forest ES is connected to policies paying attention to ES and identifying innovations and governance for their provision. Innovations identified in policies centre around value chains of wood and bioenergy or biodiversity conservation, while non-wood forest products, cultural heritage, and recreation receive little attention. Biophysical supply of provisioning ES is connected to policies emphasising many innovations, while little supply of regulating ES could trigger service innovations and several new governance mechanisms. As forest ecosystems have received much attention in global, European and national sustainability policies, our institutional mapping illustrates that there is room for more use of innovations in promoting ES provision. KW - Institutional landscape KW - Forest ecosystem services KW - Ecosystem services governance KW - Document analysis KW - Innovations KW - Policy analysis Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2597 SN - 2212-0416 VL - 47 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bose, Arun K. A1 - Scherrer, Daniel A1 - Camarero, j. Julio A1 - Ziche, Daniel A1 - Babst, Flurin A1 - Bigler, Christof A1 - Bolte, Andreas A1 - Dorado-Liñán, Isabel A1 - Etzold, Sophia A1 - Fonti, Patrick A1 - Forrester, David I. A1 - Gavinet, Jordane A1 - Gazol, Antonio A1 - González de Andrés, Ester A1 - Karger, Dirk Nikolaus A1 - Lebourgeois, Francois A1 - Lévesque, Mathieu A1 - Martínez-Sancho, Elisabet A1 - Menzel, Annette A1 - Neuwirth, Burkhard A1 - Nicolas, Manuel A1 - Sanders, Tanja G. M. A1 - Scharnweber, Tobias A1 - Schröder, Jens A1 - Zweifel, Roman A1 - Gessler, Arthur A1 - Rigling, Andreas T1 - Climate sensitivity and drought seasonality determine post-drought growth recovery of Quercus petraea and Quercus robur in Europe JF - Science of The Total Environment N2 - Recent studies have identified strong relationships between delayed recovery of tree growth after drought and tree mortality caused by subsequent droughts. These observations raise concerns about forest ecosystem services and post-drought growth recovery given the projected increase in drought frequency and extremes. For quantifying the impact of extreme droughts on tree radial growth, we used a network of tree-ring width data of 1689 trees from 100 sites representing most of the distribution of two drought tolerant, deciduous oak species (Quercus petraea and Quercus robur). We first examined which climatic factors and seasons control growth of the two species and if there is any latitudinal, longitudinal or elevational trend. We then quantified the relative departure from pre-drought growth during droughts, and how fast trees were able to recover the pre-drought growth level. Our results showed that growth was more related to precipitation and climatic water balance (precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration) than to temperature. However, we did not detect any clear latitudinal, longitudinal or elevational trends except a decreasing influence of summer water balance on growth of Q. petraea with latitude. Neither species was able to maintain the pre-drought growth level during droughts. However, both species showed rapid recovery or even growth compensation after summer droughts but displayed slow recovery in response to spring droughts where none of the two species was able to fully recover the pre-drought growth-level over the three post-drought years. Collectively, our results indicate that oaks which are considered resilient to extreme droughts have also shown vulnerability when droughts occurred in spring especially at sites where long-term growth is not significantly correlated with climatic factors. This improved understanding of the role of drought seasonality and climate sensitivity of sites is key to better predict trajectories of post-drought growth recovery in response to the drier climate projected for Europe. KW - Climate change KW - Warming KW - Drought KW - Legacy effects KW - Acclimation KW - Tree rings Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2609 SN - 1879-1026 VL - 784 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - GEN A1 - Care, O. A1 - Bernstein, M. J. A1 - Chapman, M. A1 - Diaz Reviriego, I. A1 - Dressler, G. A1 - Felipe-Lucia, M. R. A1 - Friis, C. A1 - Graham, S. A1 - Haenke, H. A1 - Haider, L. J. A1 - Hernández-Morcillo, Mónica A1 - Hoffmann, H. A1 - Kernecker, M. A1 - Nicol, P. A1 - Piñeiro, C. A1 - Pitt, H. A1 - Schill, C. A1 - Seufert, V. A1 - Shu, K. A1 - Valencia, V. A1 - Zaehringer, J. G. T1 - Creating leadership collectives for sustainability transformations T2 - Sustainability Science N2 - Enduring sustainability challenges requires a new model of collective leadership that embraces critical reflection, inclusivity and care. Leadership collectives can support a move in academia from metrics to merits, from a focus on career to care, and enact a shift from disciplinary to inter- and trans-disciplinary research. Academic organisations need to reorient their training programs, work ethics and reward systems to encourage collective excellence and to allow space for future leaders to develop and enact a radically re-imagined vision of how to lead as a collective with care for people and the planet. KW - Sustainability transition KW - Collegiality KW - Well-being KW - Equality KW - Academic practice Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2615 VL - 16 SP - 703 EP - 708 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hentschel, Rainer A1 - Möller, Katrin A1 - Wenning, Aline A1 - Degenhardt, Annett A1 - Schröder, Jens T1 - Importance of Ecological Variables in Explaining Population Dynamics of Three Important Pine Pest Insects JF - Frontiers in Plant Science N2 - Climate change challenges forest vitality both directly by increasing drought and heat periods and indirectly, e.g., by creating favorable conditions for mass outbreaks of phyllophagous insects. The large forests dominated by Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) that cover the lowland regions in northeast Germany have already been affected regularly by cyclic mass propagations of defoliating insect species in the past with climate projections implying an even more advantageous environment for devastating outbreaks in the future. To improve predictive and responsive capacities we have investigated a wide range of ecological parameters to identify those most strongly related to past outbreak waves of three central species. In total, we analyzed 3,748 variables covering stand and neighborhood properties, site quality, and climatic conditions for an area of roughly 750,000 ha of pine forests in the period 2002–2016. To reflect sensitivity against varying climate, we computed “floating windows” in relation to critical phenological phases of the respective insects. The parameters with the highest explanatory power resulted from the variable importance measures of the Random Forest (RF) methodology and have been evaluated by a 10-fold cross-validation process. Our findings closely reflect the known specific gradation patterns and show that relative variable importance varies with species. While Lymantria monacha L. feeding was mainly dependent on the surroundings of the respective stand, Diprion pini L. proved to be almost exclusively susceptible to climatic effects in its population dynamics. Dendrolimus pini L. exhibited a mixed pattern of variable importance involving both climatic and forest structure parameters. In many cases the obtained statistical results support well-known ecological cause-effect relations and long-term population change dynamics. The RF delivered very high levels of sensitivity and specificity in the developed classifications and proved to be an excellent tool to handle the large amounts of data utilized for this study. While the presented classification approach may already support a better prognosis of the amplitude during the outbreak culmination, the obtained (most important) variables are proposed as preferable covariates for modeling population dynamics of the investigated insect species. KW - ecological modeling KW - Random Forest KW - mass outbreak KW - Pinus sylvestris KW - Lymantria monacha KW - Dendrolimus pini KW - Diprion pini Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3285 SN - 1664-462X IS - 9 PB - Frontiers Media S.A. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vogel, Sebastian A1 - Gebbers, Robin A1 - Oertel, Marcel A1 - Kramer, Eckart T1 - Evaluating Soil-Borne Causes of Biomass Variability in Grassland by Remote and Proximal Sensing JF - Sensors N2 - On a grassland field with sandy soils in Northeast Germany (Brandenburg), vegetation indices from multi-spectral UAV-based remote sensing were used to predict grassland biomass productivity. These data were combined with soil pH value and apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) from on-the-go proximal sensing serving as indicators for soil-borne causes of grassland biomass variation. The field internal magnitude of spatial variability and hidden correlations between the variables of investigation were analyzed by means of geostatistics and boundary-line analysis to elucidate the influence of soil pH and ECa on the spatial distribution of biomass. Biomass and pH showed high spatial variability, which necessitates high resolution data acquisition of soil and plant properties. Moreover, boundary-line analysis showed grassland biomass maxima at pH values between 5.3 and 7.2 and ECa values between 3.5 and 17.5 mS m−1. After calibrating ECa to soil moisture, the ECa optimum was translated to a range of optimum soil moisture from 7% to 13%. This matches well with to the plant-available water content of the predominantly sandy soil as derived from its water retention curve. These results can be used in site-specific management decisions to improve grassland biomass productivity in low-yield regions of the field due to soil acidity or texture-related water scarcity. KW - apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) KW - pH KW - UAV KW - boundary-line KW - quantile regression KW - law of minimum Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3294 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 19 IS - 20 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Halwani, Mosab A1 - Reckling, Moritz A1 - Schuler, Johannes A1 - Bloch, Ralf A1 - Bachinger, Johann T1 - Soybean in No-Till Cover-Crop Systems JF - Agronomy N2 - Introducing agro-ecological techniques such as no-tillage systems with cover crops in rotations with soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) could provide more resilience to changing climatic conditions and, at the same time, reduce soil erosion, nitrate leaching, and weed density in the main crop. However, there are challenges in introducing no-tillage techniques in crop systems in Europe as there is little quantitative knowledge about the agro-economic impact. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the agronomic and economic impacts of three soybean cropping systems involving a rye (Secale cereal L.) cover crop prior to soybean, i.e., two no-tillage systems; either herbicide-free with crimping the rye or herbicide-based without rye crimping and one plough-based in which rye was cut as green silage. The impacts of these cropping strategies were compared in a three-year cropping system experiment at a research station in north-eastern Germany with and without irrigation. The following parameters were measured: (1) cover crop biomass; (2) weed biomass; (3) soybean plant density; (4) soybean grain yield; and (5) gross margin of the cropping system. The results showed that all three soybean cropping systems can effectively suppress weeds. System (C), the no-tillage herbicide-based system, produced the lowest rye biomass and highest soybean yield; system (B), the no-tillage herbicide-free/crimped rye system, produced the highest rye biomass and lowest soybean yield compared to system (A), the standard cutting/plough-based system. The differences in rye biomass and soybean yield observed between the three systems could be mainly attributed to the timing of the cover crop termination and the soybean sowing date. The gross margin was highest in system (C), due to the high soybean grain yield. The low soybean grain yield in system (B) resulted in lower revenues and gross margins compared to systems (A) and (C), although system (B) could be economically attractive in organic farming with higher prices for organic soybean. In the particularly dry year 2016, gross margins were higher when soybean was irrigated compared to the rainfed cultivation, due to significantly higher grain yields. Before recommending the application of the no-tillage with cover crop technique for the conditions tested in north-eastern Germany, more investigations on the benefits and risks of this technique are needed. Further research needs to focus on maintaining a high rye biomass as well as on ensuring an early soybean planting date. Optimizing the crimping and drilling equipment is still required in order to develop good management practices for no-tillage herbicide-free systems in European conditions. KW - no-tillage KW - cover crop KW - irrigation KW - weed suppression KW - gross margin Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3314 SN - 2073-4395 VL - 9 IS - 12 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jha, Srijna A1 - Kächele, Harald A1 - Sieber, Stefan T1 - Factors Influencing the Adoption of Water Conservation Technologies by Smallholder Farmer Households in Tanzania JF - Water N2 - In Tanzania, the increasing population coupled with climate change amplifies issues of food insecurity and negatively impacts the livelihoods of smallholder farmer households. To address these issues a range of water conservation techniques (WCTs) have been useful. However, the adoption of these WCTs in Tanzania has been limited due to many reasons. With the objective to better understand and identify the factors that significantly influence the adoption of WCTs in Tanzania, the study uses survey data from 701 smallholder farmer households and a bivariate logistic regression, to provide, for the first time, a comprehensive model for the adoption of WCTs in Tanzania that includes a range of individual, household, socio-economic, and farmer perception related variables (factors). The evaluation shows that 120 farmers (17.12%) adopted WCTs and finds the farmer perceptions of rainfall instability, household wealth, and food security to be crucial. The results suggest that policy interventions should encourage conservation behavior (especially when the rainfall is perceived to be uncertain), emphasize the economic and food security-related benefits of adopting WCTs, include strategies that make adoption of WCTs attractive to female-led households, attempt to reach greater number of farmers via social networks and provide better access to public funds for farmers. KW - decision-making KW - logit regression KW - farmer perceptions KW - social networks KW - public funds KW - water conservation adoption Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3320 SN - 2073-4441 VL - 11 IS - 12 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mahmood, Nasir A1 - Arshad, Muhammad A1 - Kächele, Harald A1 - Shahzad, Muhammad Faisal A1 - Ullah, Ayat A1 - Mueller, Klaus T1 - Fatalism, Climate Resiliency Training and Farmers’ Adaptation Responses: Implications for Sustainable Rainfed-Wheat Production in Pakistan JF - Sustainability N2 - Climate change is a severe threat to the agricultural sector in general and to rainfed farming in particular. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors that can potentially affect the adaptation process against climate change. This study focused on wheat farmers and farming systems in the rainfed agroecological zone of Pakistan. Farmers’ data related to climate change fatalism, the availability of climate-specific extension services, socioeconomic and institutional variables, and farm characteristics were collected. A logit model to assess farmers’ decisions to adopt an adaptation measure and a multinomial logit model to assess their choice of various adaptation measures were used. The results showed that fatalistic farmers were unlikely to implement climate change adaptation measures. The variables related to the climate-specific extension services, including farmers’ participation in training on climate-resilient crop farming and the availability of mobile communication-based advisory services, had highly significant and positive impacts on farmers’ decisions and their choice of adaptation measures. Input market access and tractor ownership also had positive and significant impacts on farmers’ decisions to adapt and their choice of adaptation measures. This study highlights the need to improve rainfed-wheat farmers’ education levels to change their fatalistic attitudes towards climate change. Furthermore, government action is needed to provide climate-specific extension services to ensure sustainable production levels that will ultimately lead to food and livelihood security under a changing climate. KW - fatalism KW - climate-specific extension service KW - climate-resilient farming KW - rainfed farming KW - adaptation Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3338 SN - 2071-1050 VL - 12 IS - 4 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jha, Srijna A1 - Kächele, Harald A1 - Lana, Marcos A1 - Amjath-Babu, T.S A1 - Sieber, Stefan T1 - Exploring Farmers’ Perceptions of Agricultural Technologies: A Case Study from Tanzania JF - Sustainability N2 - The low agricultural productivity of key crops and food insecurity continue to be key issues in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and Tanzania. The growing population, depleting resources, and changing climate further amplify these issues. Globally, many agricultural technologies (AgTs) are available as pathways for improved agricultural productivity and food security, however, they have had relatively little success in SSA and Tanzania. This is because the uptake of AgTs is a complex process, which is highly localized, involving multiple actors, stages, and spatial and time dimensions. Smallholder farmers often experience issues of sustainability, constraints for adoption, and scaling-up throughout the uptake process of AgTs, all of which vary by region. This indicates a need for a systematic and simultaneous understanding of sustainability, constraints for adoption, and scaling-up of AgTs to better guide agricultural strategy and policy interventions in SSA and Tanzania. Moreover, in order to understand the local settings better, a consideration of the perceptions of the farmers themselves, who are the primary actors in the uptake process of AgTs, is key. Acknowledging this, the study takes on a case study approach, using the scaling-up assessment (ScalA) method and three focus group discussions with a total of 44 smallholder farmers to systematically and simultaneously assess the sustainability, constraints for adoption, and scaling-up of three AgTs (use of fertilizers, improved seeds, and small-scale irrigation) in Tanzania. The study finds that the farmers perceive all three AgTs to be sustainable for the study region. Adoption rates are perceived to be medium for use of fertilizers, high for improved seeds, and low for small-scale irrigation. The most significant constraints for adoption experienced by the farmers are lack of technical physical inputs, marketing facilities, and know-how. Scaling-up is perceived to be well fulfilled for use of fertilizers and improved seeds, but only partially fulfilled for small-scale irrigation, which is the most limited of the three AgTs. The most significant constraints for scaling-up experienced by farmers are a lack of confidence in the added value of the AgTs beyond project activities, marketing facilities, and technical physical inputs. The overall success potential is high for the use of fertilizers and improved seeds, and the average for small-scale irrigation. The farmers’ perceptions partially indicate why the bundle of AgTs is lacking in the study region and provide a basis for discussing targeted agricultural and policy interventions in Tanzania. KW - sustainability KW - adoption KW - scaling-up KW - agricultural technologies KW - farmer perceptions KW - agricultural productivity KW - food security KW - Tanzania Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3340 SN - 2071-1050 VL - 13 IS - 3 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anees, Mangalasseril Mohammad A1 - Mann, Deepika A1 - Sharma, Mani A1 - Banzhaf, Ellen A1 - Joshi, Pawan K T1 - Assessment of Urban Dynamics to Understand Spatiotemporal Differentiation at Various Scales Using Remote Sensing and Geospatial Tools JF - Remote Sensing N2 - Analysis of urban dynamics is a pivotal step towards understanding landscape changes and developing scientifically sound urban management strategies. Delineating the patterns and processes shaping the evolution of urban regions is an essential part of this step. Utilizing remote-sensing techniques and Geographic Information System (GIS) tools, we performed an integrated analysis on urban expansion in Srinagar city and surrounding areas from 1999 to 2017 at multiple scales in order to assist urban planning initiatives. To capture various spatial indicators of expansion, we analysed (i) land use/land cover (LULC) changes, (ii) rate and intensity of changes to built-up areas, (iii) spatial differentiation in landscape metrics (at 500, 1000 and 2000 m cell-size), and (iv) growth type of the urban expansion. Global Moran’s I statistics and local indicators of spatial association (LISA) were also employed to identify hotspots of change in landscape structure. Our methodology utilizes a range of geovisualization tools which are capable of appropriately addressing various elements required for strategic planning in growing cities. The results highlight aggregation and homogenization of the urban core as well as irregularity and fragmentation in its periphery. A combination of spatial metrics and growth type analysis supports the supposition that there is a continuum in the diffusion-coalescence process. This allows us to extend our understanding of urban growth theory and to report deviations from accepted stages of growth. As our results show, each dominating growth phase of the city—both diffusion (1999) and coalescence (2009 and 2017)—is interspersed with features from the other type. An improved understanding of spatial differentiation and the identification of hotspots can serve to make urban planning more tailored to such local conditions. An important insight derived from the results is the applicability of remote-sensing data in urban planning measures and the usefulness of freely available medium resolution data in gaining a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of cities. KW - landscape metrics KW - growth type KW - spatio-autocorrelation KW - urban growth theory KW - Srinagar KW - Himalaya Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3368 SN - 2072-4292 VL - 12 IS - 8 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vogel, Sebastian A1 - Bönecke, Eric A1 - Kling, Charlotte A1 - Kramer, Eckart A1 - Lück, Katrin A1 - Nagel, Anne A1 - Philipp, Golo A1 - Rühlmann, Jörg A1 - Schröter, Ingmar A1 - Gebbers, Robin T1 - Base Neutralizing Capacity of Agricultural Soils in a Quaternary Landscape of North-East Germany and Its Relationship to Best Management Practices in Lime Requirement Determination JF - Agronomy N2 - Despite being a natural soil-forming process, soil acidification is a major agronomic challenge under humid climate conditions, as soil acidity influences several yield-relevant soil properties. It can be counterbalanced by the regular application of agricultural lime to maintain or re-establish soil fertility and to optimize plant growth and yield. To avoid underdose as well as overdose, lime rates need to be calculated carefully. The lime rate should be determined by the optimum soil pH (target pH) and the response of the soil to lime, which is described by the base neutralizing capacity (BNC). Several methods exist to determine the lime requirement (LR) to raise the soil pH to its optimum. They range from extremely time-consuming equilibration methods, which mimic the natural processes in the soil, to quick tests, which rely on some approximations and are designed to provide farmers with timely and cost-efficient data. Due to the higher analytical efforts, only limited information is available on the real BNC of particular soils. In the present paper, we report the BNC of 420 topsoil samples from Central Europe (north-east Germany), developed on sediments from the last ice age 10,000 years ago under Holocene conditions. These soils are predominantly sandy and low in humus, but they exhibit a huge spatial variability in soil properties on a small scale. The BNC was determined by adding various concentrations of Ca(OH)2 and fitting an exponential model to derive a titration curve for each sample. The coefficients of the BNC titration curve were well correlated with soil properties affecting soil acidity and pH buffer capacity, i.e., pH, soil texture and soil organic matter (SOM). From the BNC model, the LRs (LRBNC) were derived and compared with LRVDLUFA based on the standard protocol in Germany as established by the Association of German Agricultural Analytic and Research Institutes (VDLUFA). The LRBNC and LRVDLUFA correlated well but the LRVDLUFA were generally by approximately one order of magnitude higher. This is partly due to the VDLUFA concept to recommend a maintenance or conservation liming, even though the pH value is in the optimum range, to keep it there until the next lime application during the following rotation. Furthermore, the VDLUFA method was primarily developed from field experiments where natural soil acidification and management practices depressed the effect of lime treatment. The BNC method, on the other hand, is solely based on laboratory analysis with standardized soil samples. This indicates the demand for further research to develop a sound scientific algorithm that complements LRBNC with realistic values of annual Ca2+ removal and acidification by natural processes and N fertilization. KW - soil acidity KW - pH buffer capacity KW - soil-base titration KW - titration curve Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3370 SN - 2073-4395 VL - 10 IS - 6 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tanneberger, Franziska A1 - Birr, Friedrich A1 - Couwenberg, John A1 - Kaiser, Moritz A1 - Luthardt, Vera A1 - Nerger, Monique A1 - Pfister, Sonja A1 - Oppermann, Rainer A1 - Zeitz, Jutta A1 - Beyer, Colja A1 - van der Linden, Sebastian A1 - Wichtmann, Wendelin A1 - Närmann, Felix T1 - Saving soil carbon, greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity and the economy: paludiculture as sustainable land use option in German fen peatlands JF - Regional Environmental Change N2 - Peatlands in the European Union are largely drained for agriculture and emit 25% of the total agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. Drainage-based peatland use has also negative impacts on water quality, drinking water provision and biodiversity. Consequently, key EU environmental policy objectives include the rewetting of all drained peatlands as an essential nature-based solution. Rewetting of peatlands can be combined with site-adapted land use, so-called paludiculture. Paludiculture produces biomass from wet and rewetted peatlands under conditions that maintain the peat body, facilitate peat accumulation and can provide many of the ecosystem services associated with natural, undrained peatlands. The biomass can be used for a wide range of traditional and innovative food, feed, fibre and fuel products. Based on examples in Germany, we have analysed emerging paludiculture options for temperate Europe with respect to greenhouse gas fluxes, biodiversity and indicative business economics. Best estimates of site emission factors vary between 0 and 8 t CO2eq ha−1 y−1. Suitability maps for four peatland-rich federal states (76% of total German peatland area) indicate that most of the drained, agriculturally used peatland area could be used for paludiculture, about one-third of the fen area for any paludiculture type. Fen-specific biodiversity benefits from rewetting and paludiculture, if compared to the drained state. Under favourable conditions, paludiculture can be economically viable, but costs and revenues vary considerably. Key recommendations for large-scale implementation are providing planning security by paludiculture spatial planning, establishing best practice sites and strengthening research into crops, water tables and management options. KW - Agriculture; Biodiversity; Ecosystem services; Greenhouse gases; Mitigation; Organic soil Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5003 SN - 1436-3798 SN - 1436-378X VL - 22 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Missall, Siegmund A1 - Abliz, Abdulla A1 - Halik, Ümüt A1 - Thevs, Niels A1 - Welp, Martin T1 - Trading Natural Riparian Forests for Urban Shelterbelt Plantations—A Sustainability Assessment of the Kökyar Protection Forest in NW China JF - Water N2 - Cities at the fringe of the Taklimakan desert in NW China are prone to dust and sand storms with serious consequences for human well-being. The Kökyar Protection Forest was established in the 1980s as an ecological engineering project with the intent of protecting the city of Aksu, NW China, from these impacts. It is designed as a combination of poplar shelterbelts and orchards, irrigated by river water from the Aksu River, the main tributary of the Tarim River. Prevalent literature describes it as an afforestation project for combatting desertification with manifold positive effects for the economic, social, and environmental dimension of sustainable development. This paper sets out to challenge these claims by a sustainability assessment in which the plantation is examined from a broader perspective, embedding it to the wider context of social and environmental problems in South Xinjiang. Methods comprise evapotranspiration calculations, interviews, a socioeconomic household survey, stakeholder dialogues, and literature research. Results affirm its economic sustainability, but see a mixed record for the social sphere. From the nature conservation point of view, it has to be classified as unsustainable because its high irrigation water consumption results in the downstream desiccation and desertification of natural riparian forests along the Tarim River, causing a forest loss in the downstream area twice the size of the forest gain in the upstream area. There is a trade-off between artificial shelterbelt plantations for urban ecosystem services on the one hand side, and natural riparian forests and their biodiversity on the other hand side. The paper recommends restricting agricultural extension, and using locally adapted less water consuming agroforestry schemes to protect urban dwellers from dust stress. KW - Central Asia; Tarim River; shelterbelt; Tugai; desertification; sustainability; afforestation; ecosystem services; ecological engineering Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5022 SN - 2073-4441 IS - 10(3) ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Molitor, Heike A1 - Peters, Jürgen A1 - Martens, Dörte A1 - Pretzsch, Maren A1 - Friede, Claudia A1 - Heimann, Jutta A1 - Wilitzki, Annemarie ED - Bundesamt für Naturschutz (BfN), T1 - Naturerfahrungsräume in Großstädten : Flächenentwicklung – Kinderspiel – rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen T3 - BfN-Skripten 560 N2 - Im Rahmen eines vom Bundesamt für Naturschutz (BfN) mit Mitteln des Bundesministeriums für Umwelt, Naturschutz und nukleare Sicherheit (BMU) geförderten Erprobungs- und Entwicklungs-(E+E-)Vorhabens „Naturerfahrungsräume in Großstädten am Beispiel Berlin“ wurde in einer viereinhalbjährigen Begleituntersuchung die Neueinrichtung von Naturerfahrungsräumen (NER) in Berlin wissenschaftlich untersucht. Das zu Grunde gelegte Konzept der NER für Großstädte in Deutschland knüpft an die Vorarbeiten von Schemel & Wilke (2008) und Stopka & Rank (2013) an. Gegenstand der wissenschaftlichen Begleitung sind die neu eingerichteten Berliner NER „Wilde Welt“ am Spieroweg in Spandau, an der Moorwiese in Pankow und auf dem Kienberg in Marzahn-Hellersdorf. Alle drei untersuchten NER haben einen räumlichen Bezug zu Großwohnsiedlungen. Sie variieren sowohl in ihrer Größe (von 0,54 ha bis 1,58 ha) als auch in ihrer Vegetationsausstattung. Weiterentwicklungen des Konzeptes sind eine Anbindung der Pilotflächen an Einrichtungen der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe sowie die Beschäftigung von Kümmer(er)*innen. Darüber hinaus wurden Erfahrungen in der Einrichtung und im Betrieb bisheriger NER in ganz Deutschland ausgewertet. Ziel der wissenschaftlichen Begleitung war es, in einem interdisziplinären Ansatz einerseits das Spielverhalten von Kindern in NER sowie die Akzeptanz dieser Räume zu untersuchen. Andererseits ging es darum, die gesetzlichen und institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen, die für die Einrichtung und den Betrieb der NER förderlich oder hemmend wirken, zu analysieren. Drittens sollte der Zusammenhang zwischen dem Spielverhalten der Kinder und der Entwicklung von Flora, Vegetation und Fauna auf diesen Flächen untersucht werden, um hieraus Rückschlüsse auf die Größe und Ausstattung von NER und auf die Notwendigkeit pflegerischer Eingriffe ziehen zu können. In der Begleituntersuchung wurden die drei Arbeitsbereiche Lebensqualität (Spielverhalten, Gesundheitsvorsorge, (pädagogische) Begleitung durch Kümmer(er)*innen, Akzeptanz, Partizipation), Planungsqualität (gesetzliche Rahmenbedingungen, Betreiber*innen-Modelle, Flächengestaltung, Sicherheit und Haftung) und ökologische Qualität (Entwicklung von Flora, Vegetation und Fauna, Nutzungsspuren und Flächenentwicklung, Flächenpflege) unterschieden. Entsprechend des Umfangs des Untersuchungsgegenstandes kam eine Vielzahl von Erhebungsmethoden zum Einsatz. Für den Bereich Lebensqualität war die Beobachtung des Spielverhaltens von Kindern ein wesentlicher methodischer Baustein. Darüber hinaus wurden Interviews mit relevanten Akteur*innen (Kümmer(er)*innen, Pädagog*innen, Kinder und Eltern) dieses Bereiches geführt. Im Bereich der Planungsqualität sind mithilfe von Expert*inneninterviews Erkenntnisse über hemmende und fördernde Bedingungen in der Einrichtung und im Betrieb der NER gewonnen worden. Zusätzlich wurde eine mit der Materie vertraute Anwaltskanzlei hinzugezogen, die den Stand des Wissens zur Bedeutung der Verkehrssicherungspflicht und zu den Möglichkeiten der planungsrechtlichen Verankerung von NER zusammenfassend darstellte. Für den Bereich der ökologischen Qualität sind in den NER Flora (Gefäßpflanzenarten), Biotoptypen, Vegetationsstruktur und aussagekräftige Tiergruppen (Avifauna, Tagfalter und tag- aktive Nachtfalter, Heuschrecken und Grillen) über einen Zeitraum von vier Jahren untersucht worden. Die Dokumentation von Trampelpfaden und eine Fotodokumentation des Zustands der Vegetationsentwicklung über die Jahre stellten einen weiteren methodischen Baustein dar. Im Ergebnis zeigte sich, dass das Spielverhalten von Kindern auf NER wesentlich vielfältiger ist als auf herkömmlichen Kinderspielplätzen. Gerade die natürliche Ausstattung der NER und damit verbunden der Aufforderungscharakter der unterschiedlichen natürlichen Elemente führt zu einem komplexeren Spielverhalten, die Kreativität und Fantasie der Kinder wird gefördert. Kinder machen nicht nur wichtige und vielfältige Naturerfahrungen, sie werden auch in ihrem Sozialverhalten positiv unterstützt. So profitieren gerade Kinder, die in einer Großstadt aufwachsen, wenig Zugang zur Natur haben und stärker unter dem Natur-Entfremdungssyndrom leiden, von dem Besuch eines NER. Der Aufenthalt in natürlicher Umwelt wirkt sich auch positiv auf Gesundheitsaspekte aus, beispielsweise auf Selbstwirksamkeit, Wohlbefinden, Verantwortungsgefühl und Erholung. Herauszustellen ist die Bedeutung des/der Kümmer(ers)*in für den erfolgreichen Betrieb eines NER. Dieser/Diese Kümmer(er)*in ist Ansprechperson für Kinder aber auch für pädagogische Fachkräfte, Eltern und die Nachbarschaft. Zudem sorgt er/sie für die Sicherheit und Sauberkeit im NER und beteiligt die Kinder bei der Pflege und dem Unterhalt im NER. Viele Eltern unterstützen grundsätzlich den Besuch ihres Kindes in einem NER. Die Akzeptanz der Eltern hinsichtlich des Aufenthaltes der Kinder im NER ist besonders groß, wenn die Kinder bei der Planung und Einrichtung des NER beteiligt waren. In Hinblick auf die planungsrechtliche Entwicklung ist es bedeutsam, dass neben der Einführung des NER im Bundesnaturschutzgesetz im Jahre 2009 nunmehr auch die Bestrebung besteht, den Begriff im Baugesetzbuch zu verankern. NER sollten als wichtige Bestandteile eines städtischen Grünflächensystems gerade auch in hoch verdichteten Stadträumen in den Flächennutzungs- und Bebauungsplänen der Kommunen rechtssicher festgesetzt werden können. Vorbildhaft zeigen sich außerhalb Berlins 14 weitere Groß- und Mittelstädte, in denen bereits NER oder dem Konzept entsprechende Flächen eingerichtet werden konnten. Einige andere deutsche Kommunen haben bereits von dem Konzept gehört und planen selbst die Einrichtung solcher Flächen. Diese Bestrebungen sind zu unterstützen. Unsicherheiten in der Einschätzung der Verkehrssicherungspflicht für NER halten offenbar immer noch viele Kommunen davon ab, NER einzurichten und zu betreiben. Hierauf deuten Aussagen von Kommunalvertretern hin. Ein aktives Sicherheitsmanagement, das bereits in der Planung und Gestaltung der Flächen ansetzt, kann die Risiken für den/die Flächenbetreiber*in auf ein Minimum beschränken. Auch hier, das haben die Aussagen der Betreiber*innen von NER gezeigt, ist die institutionelle Verankerung eines/einer Kümmer(ers)*in und die vertrauensvolle Kooperation zwischen Flächeneigentümer*in, Flächenbetreibenden und für die Pflege Verantwortlichen für ein erfolgreiches Sicherheitsmanagement wesentlich. Die ökologische Begleituntersuchung zeigte, dass die als Pilotflächen ausgewählten NER eine artenreiche Flora und Fauna aufweisen. Positiv für eine hohe Artenvielfalt der betrachteten Artengruppen ist eine Mischung aus unterschiedlichen Vegetationsbereichen, die eine hohe Strukturvielfalt ergeben. Beim Kinderspiel kommt es zu leichten Abnutzungserscheinungen wie Trampelpfaden und Rindenschäden an Gehölzen. Die Nutzung führte im Untersuchungszeitraum nicht zu einem Verlust gefährdeter Tier- und Pflanzenarten und beeinträchtigte nicht die Gesamtartenzahlen der untersuchten Tiergruppen. Das Kinderspiel sorgte allerdings für eine gewisse Dynamik in der Vielfalt der Pflanzenarten über die Zeit. Die Vegetationsstruktur wird davon aber nur kleinräumig beeinflusst. Andere Faktoren wie der Witterungsverlauf in den Untersuchungsjahren, die natürliche Sukzession sowie Bau-, Sicherungs- und Pflegemaßnahmen sind entscheidender. Da Bau- und Pflegemaßnahmen auch die Fauna beeinflussen, sollten diese behutsam durchgeführt werden und in für Flora und Fauna unproblematischen Zei- ten erfolgen. Anfangsgestaltungen und Sicherungsmaßnahmen erhöhen aber auch die Strukturvielfalt, was auf längere Sicht zu einer Zunahme der Artenvielfalt führen kann. Die Nutzung der NER kann also im Rahmen der untersuchten Parameter im Untersuchungszeitraum als nachhaltig angesehen werden. Die NER blieben attraktiv für das Kinderspiel. Ein längerfristig angelegtes ökologisches Monitoring kann weitergehende Erkenntnisse liefern, um die richtige Balance zwischen Nutzungsintensität und ökologischer Flächenentwicklung zu finden. Insgesamt lässt sich schon jetzt das Fazit ziehen, dass die Einrichtung von NER die Lebensbedingungen von Kindern und deren Familien in hochverdichteten Stadträumen wirksam verbessern kann. Als wichtiger Bestandteil des städtischen Grünflächensystems leisten Naturerfahrungsräume zudem einen wichtigen Beitrag für das Mikroklima und die Biotop- und Artenvielfalt in den Städten. Insofern ist zu hoffen, dass das Konzept der NER eine rasche Verbreitung in den Städten und Kommunen finden wird. Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5073 SN - 978-3-89624-298-3 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Göttert, Thomas A1 - Hobelsberger, Christine A1 - König, Bettina A1 - Nölting, Benjamin A1 - Roose, Ilka A1 - Barth, Matthias T1 - Nachhaltigkeitstransfer: Austausch zwischen Wissenschaft und Praxis zum Wohl der Gesellschaft: Hochschule Eberswalde tritt NaWis-Runde bei T2 - GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society N2 - Der 2011 gegründete Verbund für Nachhaltige Wissenschaft (NaWis) strebt die Stärkung transdisziplinärer Nachhaltigkeitswissenschaften an Hochschulen und Forschungsinstituten an. Mit der Hochschule für nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde wird die NaWis-Runde seit September 2021 durch eine Institution gestärkt, der wie kaum einer anderen deutschen Hochschule der Nachhaltigkeitsgedanke ins Stammbuch geschrieben steht. KW - human requirements vs. natural resources; interdisciplinarity; sustainability sciences; transdisciplinarity; transformation; universities Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4077 SN - 2625-5413 IS - 31/1 (2022) SP - 62 EP - 64 PB - oekom verlag ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vogel, Sebastian A1 - Bönecke, Eric A1 - Kling, Charlotte A1 - Kramer, Eckart A1 - Lück, Katrin A1 - Philipp, Golo A1 - Rühlmann, Jörg A1 - Schröter, Ingmar A1 - Gebbers, Robin T1 - Direct prediction of site-specific lime requirement of arable fields using the base neutralizing capacity and a multi-sensor platform for on-the-go soil mapping JF - Precision Agriculture N2 - Liming agricultural fields is necessary for counteracting soil acidity and is one of the oldest operations in soil fertility management. However, the best management practice for liming in Germany only insufficiently considers within-field soil variability. Thus, a site-specific variable rate liming strategy was developed and tested on nine agricultural fields in a quaternary landscape of north-east Germany. It is based on the use of a proximal soil sensing module using potentiometric, geoelectric and optical sensors that have been found to be proxies for soil pH, texture and soil organic matter (SOM), which are the most relevant lime requirement (LR) affecting soil parameters. These were compared to laboratory LR analysis of reference soil samples using the soil’s base neutralizing capacity (BNC). Sensor data fusion utilizing stepwise multi-variate linear regression (MLR) analysis was used to predict BNC-based LR (LRBNC) for each field. The MLR models achieved high adjusted R2 values between 0.70 and 0.91 and low RMSE values from 65 to 204 kg CaCO3 ha−1. In comparison to univariate modeling, MLR models improved prediction by 3 to 27% with 9% improvement on average. The relative importance of covariates in the field-specific prediction models were quantified by computing standardized regression coefficients (SRC). The importance of covariates varied between fields, which emphasizes the necessity of a field-specific calibration of proximal sensor data. However, soil pH was the most important parameter for LR determination of the soils studied. Geostatistical semivariance analysis revealed differences between fields in the spatial variability of LRBNC. The sill-to-range ratio (SRR) was used to quantify and compare spatial LRBNC variability of the nine test fields. Finally, high resolution LR maps were generated. The BNC-based LR method also produces negative LR values for soil samples with pH values above which lime is required. Hence, the LR maps additionally provide an estimate on the quantity of chemically acidifying fertilizers that can be applied to obtain an optimal soil pH value. KW - Proximal soil sensing KW - Lime requirement KW - Precision farming KW - Sensor data fusion KW - Spatial variability KW - Sensitivity analysis Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4140 SN - 1385-2256 SN - 1573-1618 VL - 23 IS - 1 SP - 127 EP - 149 PB - Springer US ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sabatini, Francesco Maria A1 - Bluhm, Hendrik A1 - Kun, Zoltan A1 - Aksenov, Dmitry A1 - Atauri, José A. A1 - Buchwald, Erik A1 - Burrascano, Sabina A1 - Cateau, Eugénie A1 - Diku, Abdulla A1 - Duarte, Inês Marques A1 - Fernández López, Ángel B. A1 - Garbarino, Matteo A1 - Grigoriadis, Nikolaos A1 - Horváth, Ferenc A1 - Keren, Srđan A1 - Kitenberga, Mara A1 - Kiš, Alen A1 - Kraut, Ann A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. A1 - Larrieu, Laurent A1 - Lombardi, Fabio A1 - Matovic, Bratislav A1 - Melu, Radu Nicolae A1 - Meyer, Peter A1 - Midteng, Rein A1 - Mikac, Stjepan A1 - Mikoláš, Martin A1 - Mozgeris, Gintautas A1 - Panayotov, Momchil A1 - Pisek, Rok A1 - Nunes, Leónia A1 - Ruete, Alejandro A1 - Schickhofer, Matthias A1 - Simovski, Bojan A1 - Stillhard, Jonas A1 - Stojanovic, Dejan A1 - Szwagrzyk, Jerzy A1 - Tikkanen, Olli-Pekka A1 - Toromani, Elvin A1 - Volosyanchuk, Roman A1 - Vrška, Tomáš A1 - Waldherr, Marcus A1 - Yermokhin, Maxim A1 - Zlatanov, Tzvetan A1 - Zagidullina, Asiya A1 - Kuemmerle, Tobias T1 - European primary forest database v2.0 JF - Scientific Data N2 - Primary forests, defined here as forests where the signs of human impacts, if any, are strongly blurred due to decades without forest management, are scarce in Europe and continue to disappear. Despite these losses, we know little about where these forests occur. Here, we present a comprehensive geodatabase and map of Europe’s known primary forests. Our geodatabase harmonizes 48 different, mostly field-based datasets of primary forests, and contains 18,411 individual patches (41.1 Mha) spread across 33 countries. When available, we provide information on each patch (name, location, naturalness, extent and dominant tree species) and the surrounding landscape (biogeographical regions, protection status, potential natural vegetation, current forest extent). Using Landsat satellite-image time series (1985–2018) we checked each patch for possible disturbance events since primary forests were identified, resulting in 94% of patches free of significant disturbances in the last 30 years. Although knowledge gaps remain, ours is the most comprehensive dataset on primary forests in Europe, and will be useful for ecological studies, and conservation planning to safeguard these unique forests. KW - Biodiversity KW - Conservation biology KW - Forest ecology Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4173 SN - 2052-4463 VL - 8 PB - Nature Publishing Group UK ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spies, Michael A1 - Zuberi, Mehwish A1 - Mählis, Madlen A1 - Zakirova, Aksana A1 - Alff, Henryk A1 - Raab, Christoph T1 - Towards a participatory systems approach to managing complex bioeconomy interventions in the agrarian sector JF - Sustainable Production and Consumption N2 - Calls for a “sustainable bioeconomy” have recently begun to proliferate in academic and political circles as an answer to global challenges such as the rapidly increasing world population and changing environmental conditions due to climate change. To build economies that rely on various sources of biomass rather than on fossil-based resources, bioeconomy policies highlight a need to explore ways in which productivity in agriculture can be increased. While the focus on productivity growth has largely been inspired by technology optimism and modernisation thinking, the local knowledge of farmers and other rural stakeholders – as a means of contributing to socially and ecologically more sustainable bioeconomy pathways – has frequently been sidelined. This perspective article proposes and discusses a participatory approach to strategy formulation and evaluation in agricultural transformation and bioeconomy development that is based on the methodological toolbox MARISCO (Adaptive MAnagement of vulnerability and RISk at COnservation sites). By offering a means of developing a comprehensive knowledge map, bringing together both insights and perspectives from diverse local stakeholders, this approach enables a systemic evaluation of the social and ecological effects of intervention strategies on the ground. The article outlines the benefits – and challenges – of such a systemic and participatory approach and briefly sketches how the results can be utilised in more sustainable governance processes in the development of bioeconomy strategies. We conclude that our adapted MARISCO methodology offers a viable tool to make more visible the perspectives and knowledge of biomass producers for policymakers and to contribute to a much-needed discursive shift in bioeconomy debates towards more holistic and inclusive perspectives. KW - Bio-based economy; Participatory methods; Social-ecological systems; Intensification; Agriculture Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4205 SN - 2352-5509 IS - 31 SP - 557 EP - 568 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP A1 - von Münchhausen, Susanne A1 - Markow, Jekaterina A1 - Häring, Anna Maria A1 - Cronien, Evelien A1 - Fieldsend, Andrew T1 - Are Advisors the Primary Providers of Innovation Support Services in Forestry and Agriculture? Preliminary Findings from the Project LIAISON T2 - 14th European Farming Systems Conference – Farming systems facing climate change and resources challenges (IFSA22), Évora, Portugal, 10-14 April 2022 (Session Session 1.6 - Institutions and organisations in interactive innovation, Part Theme 1 - Innovation Support Services) N2 - A large variety of organisations provides support for cooperative approaches in the field of research and innovation in agriculture, forestry and rural development, and acts as Innovation Support Services (ISS). The findings from ProAkis (2015) show that different types of organisations such as administrative offices, public or semi-public advisory services, rural academies/universities, producer organisations, other NGOs or private consultants engaged in the Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation System (AKIS) can act as ISS. The funding of ISS can be public, private or a mix of both. A literature review indicates that studies often focus on the larger “enabling environment” and the structure of the Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation Systems (AKIS). Moreover, many authors pay particular attention to the role of public or semi-public farm advisory organisations (Knierim et al., 2015; Sulaiman 2015). The paper is based on the analysis of more than 200 case studies of publically or privately funded interactive innovation projects within the EU and beyond. The selection of cases took place under the framework of the Horizon2020-funded European research and innovation project LIAISON. European and national databases contain several thousands of projects in agriculture, forestry and rural development. We selected projects applying the interactive innovation approach from a) EU programmes (EIP-Agri, Horizon2020, Interreg, and LIFE+); b) nationally/regionally or privately funded projects; and c) informal initiatives or networks in the agri-food, forestry, bioeconomy or nature conservation area. The results indicate that publically funded IIS play a core role for legal/administrative compliance of projects. Semi-public advisory services take up this role as well, and they are strong in linking farmers with scientists, technicians, entrepreneurs etc. However, they often exist and offer efficient ISS only for those industries that have a long tradition for a sector or area (e.g. dairy, pork, poultry or club fruit). This paper shows that different types of organisations (research institutes, farmers or producer organisations, NGOs, processing or marketing SMEs, or public bodies) provide various forms of support for the studied interactive innovation groups. No particular type of organisation such as the farm advisory services are more suitable than the other organisations for the delivery of ISS. Instead, it depends on former collaboration, the particular topic, objective or capacities available as well as the cultural/political context who engages in interactive innovation and provides innovation support. KW - Farm advisory service; Innovation; Agriculture; Coinnovation; AKIS; Innovation support service; EIP-AGRI Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4698 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Braun, Charis Linda A1 - Bitsch, Vera A1 - Häring, Anna Maria T1 - Developing agri-food value chains: learning networks between exploration and exploitation JF - The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension N2 - Purpose The present study explores the development of agri-food value chains from an organizational learning perspective, using the German organic food sector as an example. We illustrate how the development of local value chains unfolds over time and outline how facilitation can support this process. Design/methodology/approach The study used an action research design to facilitate change in practice and to create new knowledge. Data were collected through qualitative interviews, participant observation, and documentation of workshops and other learning activities. Data analysis and conceptualization followed a grounded theory approach. Findings The development process of value chains occurs in three phases, from joint exploration of the problem, through a phase of experimentation and implementation, to further cultivation of established collaborations among value chain actors. The development process oscillates between intra- and inter-organizational learning as well as explorative and exploitative activities. Practical implications The results of this study can help to understand and to further professionalize the practice of value chain development and provide guidance for facilitators and other stakeholder working in this field. Theoretical implications By drawing on the theory of exploration and exploitation, the study enhances the understanding of value chains collaboration in an inter-organizational setting. The study conceptualizes the development of agri-food value chains and the role of facilitators in the process. Originality/value There is little research to date that considers the development of value chains as a collaborative learning process. The presented grounded theory of local value chain development may inform further research on the transition towards a more sustainable agri-food system. KW - Action research; grounded theory; organizational learning; process facilitation; value chain development; local and organic food Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4700 SN - 1389-224X PB - Taylor & Francis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Behrendt, Gerlinde A1 - Peter, Sarah A1 - Sterly, Simone A1 - Häring, Anna Maria T1 - Community financing for sustainable food and farming: a proximity perspective JF - Agriculture and Human Values N2 - An increasing number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the German organic agri-food sector involves citizens through different community financing models. While such models provide alternative funding sources as well as marketing opportunities to SMEs, they allow private investors to combine their financial and ethical concerns by directly supporting the development of a more sustainable food system. Due to the low level of financial intermediation, community financing is characterized by close relations between investors and investees. Against this background, we apply the proximity concept from economic geography to explore spatial and relational aspects of community financing in the German organic agri-food sector. Based on a qualitative multiple case study approach, we find that the relevance of proximity is twofold. While different forms of proximity between SMEs and their potential investors are key success factors, proximity is also considered as one desired outcome of community financing. Furthermore, our results reveal that the extent to which SMEs rely on particular proximity dimensions distinguishes two different approaches to community financing. KW - Proximity; Multiple case study; Crowdfunding; Cooperatives; Citizen shareholder corporations; Profit participation rights Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4711 VL - 39 IS - 3 SP - 1063 EP - 1075 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mann, Carsten A1 - Loft, Lasse A1 - Hernández-Morcillo, Mónica T1 - Assessing forest governance innovations in Europe: Needs, challenges and ways forward for sustainable forest ecosystem service provision JF - Ecosystem Services N2 - This Special Issue provides insights into conceptual approaches, methodological procedures and practice findings for the development and assessment of governance innovations for the sustainable provision of forest ecosystem services (FES) in Europe. We depart from the observation that the sustainable and balanced provision of FES requires novel policy, management and business approaches that need to overcome challenges in order to emerge, develop and flourish. These challenges are rooted in the diversity of forest ecosystems and institutional contexts, a lack of system understanding, of innovation dynamics, the public good character of many FES, and a production-oriented reference frame for forest management. We use a set of good governance innovation practices in form of new actor alliances and payment schemes as a basis for assessment and learning how to promote different kinds or bundles of FES. The contributing authors of the SI combine several methodological approaches to understand the working conditions of such innovations, including integrated mapping, stakeholder and governance analysis, and a forward-looking scenario approach for innovation assessment. Applying multi-methods and multi-actor approaches fruitfully orchestrated a constructive debate among stakeholders on the chances and challenges of governance innovations in Europe, to allow for their uptake in forest policy, business and practice. KW - Forest ecosystem services; Governance innovations; Multi-actor approach; Constructive innovation assessment; Forest management; Forest policy Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4731 SN - 2212-0416 IS - 52 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maier, Carolin A1 - Hebermehl, Wiebke A1 - Grossmann, Carol M. A1 - Loft, Lasse A1 - Mann, Carsten A1 - Hernández-Morcillo, Mónica T1 - Innovations for securing forest ecosystem service provision in Europe – A systematic literature review JF - Ecosystem Services N2 - Forest ecosystems provide a range of goods and services that are essential to human well-being. Yet global environmental problems, increasing urbanization, industrialization pressures, and dominant market mechanisms put into jeopardy the long term sustainable provision of forest ecosystem services (FES). Markets tend to favor private goods, such as timber, and are typically less able to provide sustainable financing mechanisms for public goods and services, such as carbon storage, biodiversity conservation or recreational value. European forest owners and policy makers alike are looking for governance innovations that generate economic opportunity while ensuring the future provision of FES. This systematic literature review aims to consolidate existing academic empirical research on local or regional level governance innovations in Europe concerned with generating forest-based revenue through FES provision. Thus, it complements conceptual literature dealing with challenges and opportunities of financing the provision of FES. When conducting the review we followed the process guidelines developed by ‘Collaboration for Environmental Evidence’ (Collaboration for Environmental Evidence, 2018). Out of a total of 3962 scanned papers, 23 papers containing 48 case studies were identified and analyzed in detail, to address the following guiding questions: (1) What types of FES related (governance) innovations for forest-based revenue generation exist and which FES do they address? (2) What are the motivations driving innovation development? (3) What are the implications for forest management? We found four types of governance innovations: forest product and organizational innovations which largely relate to provisioning FES; service innovations, which generally relate to cultural FES; and financial incentive systems or payment schemes targeting mostly regulating services. We identify potential synergies between two high-priority EU policy objectives: rural economic development and securing future FES provision. Currently, governance innovations’ forest management implications and associated impact on (future) FES provision are rarely addressed in this literature. We recommend future policy and research to give greater consideration to the interdependencies between securing a range of FES, (rural) economic development, and forest management, to realize potential synergies. KW - Forest ecosystem services; Governance innovation; Europe; Literature review; Forest management Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4741 SN - 2212-0416 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mann, Carsten A1 - Loft, Lasse A1 - Hernández-Morcillo, Mónica A1 - Primmer, Eeva A1 - Bussola, Francesca A1 - Falco, Enzo A1 - Geneletti, Davide A1 - Dobrowolska, Ewelina A1 - Grossmann, Carol M. A1 - Bottaro, Giorgia A1 - Schleyer, Christian A1 - Kluvankova, Tatiana A1 - Garcia, Gino A1 - Lovrić, Marko A1 - Torralba, Mario A1 - Plieninger, Tobias A1 - Winkel, Georg T1 - Governance Innovations for forest ecosystem service provision – Insights from an EU-wide survey JF - Environmental Science & Policy N2 - This paper analyses the occurrence of governance innovations for forest ecosystem service (FES) provision in the forestry sector in Europe and the factors that influence innovation development. Based on a European-wide online survey, public and private forest owners and managers representing different property sizes indicate what type of governance innovation activities they engage in, and why. To investigate forestry innovations as systems, the analysis focuses on biophysical, social and technical factors influencing innovation development. The results of our exploratory quantitative analysis show that most innovation activities identified are largely oriented towards biomass production. Accordingly, most forest owners implement efficiency-driven optimisation strategies for forest management and technological improvement for provisioning service supply, to generate income. In contrast, the provision of regulating and cultural services is not yet a prominent part of forestry innovation activities.Reasons are rooted in a market-oriented economic rationale focusing on timber production, a lack of financial resources to compensate for other FES provisions or institutions to provide backup and security to forest owners and managers for engaging in innovation development. Given that the provision of a wide range of FES is a politically well-established objective for forest management in Europe, a strategy is needed that helps to align actors and sectors for supporting and co-financing related forest management approaches and business models. The current revision of the forest related policy framework on EU level under the EU Green deal poses a window of opportunity for better fostering novel governance approaches for more sustainable FES provision. KW - Forest ecosystem services; Forest governance; Governance innovation; Enabling factors; European forests; Forest ownership Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4758 SN - 1462-9011 IS - 132 SP - 282 EP - 295 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hernández-Morcillo, Mónica A1 - Torralba, M. A1 - Baiges, T. A1 - Bernasconi, A. A1 - Bottaro, G. A1 - Brogaard, S. A1 - Bussola, F. A1 - Díaz-Varela, E. A1 - Geneletti, D. A1 - Grossmann, C. M. A1 - Kister, J. A1 - Klingler, M. A1 - Loft, L. A1 - Lovric, M. A1 - Mann, C. A1 - Pipart, N. A1 - Roces-Díaz, J. V. A1 - Sorge, S. A1 - Tiebel, M. A1 - Tyrväinen, L. A1 - Varela, E. A1 - Winkel, G. A1 - Plieninger, T. T1 - Scanning the solutions for the sustainable supply of forest ecosystem services in Europe JF - Sustainability Science N2 - Forests are key components of European multifunctional landscapes and supply numerous forest ecosystem services (FES) fundamental to human well-being. The sustainable provision of FES has the potential to provide responses to major societal challenges, such as climate change, biodiversity loss, or rural development. To identify suitable strategies for the future sustenance of FES, we performed a solution scanning exercise with a group of transdisciplinary forest and FES experts from different European regions. We identified and prioritized fifteen major challenges hindering the balanced provision of multiple FES and identified a series of potential solutions to tackle each of them. The most prominent challenges referred to the increased frequency and impacts of extreme weather events and the normative mindset regarding forest management. The respective solutions pointed to the promotion of forest resilience via climate-smart forestry and mainstreaming FES-oriented management through a threefold strategy focusing on education, awareness raising, and networking. In a subsequent survey, most solutions were assessed as highly effective, transferable, monitorable, and with potential for being economically efficient. The implementation of the solutions could have synergistic effects when applying the notion of leverage points. Seven emerging pathways towards the sustainable supply of FES have been identified. These pathways build on each other and are organized based on their potential for transformation: (1) shifting forest management paradigms towards pluralistic ecosystem valuation; (2) using integrated landscape approaches; (3) increasing forest resilience; (4) coordinating actions between forest-related actors; (5) increasing participation in forest planning and management; (6) continuous, open, and transparent knowledge integration; and (7) using incentive-based instruments to support regulating and cultural FES. These pathways can contribute to the implementation of the new EU Forestry Strategy to support the balanced supply of multiple FES. KW - European forests; Ecosystem services; Sustainability; Solution scanning; Leverage points; EU Forestry Strategy Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4764 SN - 1862-4065 VL - 17 IS - 5 SP - 2013 EP - 2029 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sorge, Stefan A1 - Mann, Carsten A1 - Schleyer, Christian A1 - Loft, Lasse A1 - Spacek, Martin A1 - Hernández-Morcillo, Mónica A1 - Kluvankova, Tatiana T1 - Understanding dynamics of forest ecosystem services governance: A socio-ecological-technical-analytical framework JF - Ecosystem Services N2 - Little is known about the emergence and development of novel governance approaches for forest ecosystem services provision, what drives them, and how they can be fostered. Existing frameworks often deal with single aspects of resource management and thus fail to assess processes, multi-level influences, and interacting dimensions and factors in a system-based understanding. In this article, we introduce the conceptual foundation and an empirical application of an adapted Social-Ecological System framework with additional elements that builds on the idea of complex and interlinked social-ecological-technical-forestry-innovation systems that allows for the identification of key factors for revealing forest ecosystem services dynamics to understand the emergence and development of such governance innovations. The development and testing of the framework was based on six case studies for knowledge co-creation. To showcase its application, two governance innovations were examined: a voluntary carbon market payment scheme in Germany and a network approach for forest-pasture management in Italy. The application of the framework reveals required adaptations to improve innovation by systematically unpacking the system dimensions and identifying fostering and hindering factors and their interdependencies. We highlight the output of a sound system-based information basis that allows for purposeful innovation conditioning by policy makers, practitioners, and other related actors. KW - Social-ecological systems; Governance innovations; Socio-ecological-technical forestry systems; Forest management; Environmental governance; Compensation schemes; Rural development Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4771 SN - 2212-0416 IS - 55 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Angelstam, Per K. A1 - Asplund, Brita A1 - Bastian, Olaf A1 - Engelmark, Ola A1 - Fedoriak, Mariia A1 - Grunewald, Karsten A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. A1 - Lindvall, Per A1 - Manton, Michael A1 - Nilsson, Magnus A1 - Nilsson, Sten B. A1 - Roberntz, Peter A1 - Shkaruba, Anton A1 - Skoog, Per A1 - Soloviy, Ihor A1 - Svoboda, Miroslav A1 - Teplyakov, Victor A1 - Tivell, Anders A1 - Westholm, Erik A1 - Zhuk, Alina A1 - Öster, Leif T1 - Tradition as asset or burden for transitions from forests as cropping systems to multifunctional forest landscapes: Sweden as a case study JF - Forest Ecology and Management N2 - Expectations of what forests and woodlands should provide vary among locations, stakeholder groups, and over time. Developing multifunctional forests requires understanding of the dynamic roles of traditions and cultural legacies in social-ecological systems at multiple levels and scales. Implementing policies about multifunctional forests requires a landscape and social-ecological perspective, and recognition of both spatial and temporal features at multiple scales. This study explores the dissemination of even-aged silviculture in central, eastern and northern Europe, and the consequences of choosing different vantage points in social-ecological systems for mapping of barriers, and to identify levers, towards multifunctional forest landscapes. Using a narrative approach, we first summarise the development of even-aged silviculture in four European regions. Next, we focus on Sweden as a keen adopter of even-aged silviculture, and identify levers at three groups of vantage points. They were (1) biosphere with biodiversity as short-hand for composition, structure and function of ecosystems, which support human well-being at multiple scales; (2) society in terms of different levels of stakeholder interactions from local to global, and (3) economy represented by value chain hierarchies and currencies. The emergence of even-aged silviculture >200 years ago formed an expanding frontier from central to northern Europe. Sustained yield wood production and biodiversity conservation encompass different portfolios of ecosystem aspects and spatio-temporal scales. Ignorance and lack of knowledge about these differences enforce their mutual rivalry. An exploratory review of six groups of stakeholders at multiple levels in the traditional industrial forest value chain highlights inequalities in terms of distribution of income and power across different levels of governance. This effectively marginalises other than powerful industrial actors. The distribution of financial results along the value chain is dynamic in space and time, and not all benefits of forest ecosystems can be measured using monetary valuation. There are also other currencies and incentives. A discussion of cultural trajectories in central and eastern European, Russian and Swedish forest management illustrates that forest history patterns repeat themselves. Longitudinal case studies of countries and regions can help foster holistic multi-dimensional and multi-level systems thinking. Application of deep levers of change is likely to require external drivers. A key challenge is to handle the manufacturing of doubt and decay of truth, i.e., the appearance of alternative facts, and the diminishing role of evidence and systems analyses in political and civic discourses. This transition is fuelled by new and rapidly evolving digital arenas. KW - Forest history; Collaborative learning; Honest broker; Landscape planning; Landscape stewardship; Systems-based thinking; Transformative change Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4789 SN - 0378-1127 IS - 505 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP A1 - de Miguel-Díez, Felipe A1 - Tolosana-Esteban, Eduardo A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - 3D-Simulation of Wood Stacks to Analyze the Influence of Log Properties on Stack Volume T2 - Environmental Sciences Proceeding N2 - The quantification of the solid wood content in a wood stack has been an object of investigation since the 18th century. Particularly, the log parameters exert a considerable influence on the volume of the stack, such as (1) the log midpoint diameter, (2) average bark thickness, (3) crookedness, and (4) log taper. Although many of these parameters have already been studied and some are already considered in many countries when measuring wood stacks, their influence has not been analyzed individually so far since a broad statistical database is needed and the data collection is very costly. Consequently, a 3D-simulation model was developed based on a cross-platform game engine. This model generates virtual wood stacks based on a data set of logs which are defined by the user. The simulation of a stack can be done in a few seconds only and each stack generated can be visualized once all iterations are done. The simulation results are the stacked cubic volume, solid wood cubic volume, and the respective conversion factors. The model, fed with both real data and user-defined data, allows for a detailed analysis of the effect of each parameter on the results, as the user can vary their values discretionary. To obtain the first results from real data, 1000 logs of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were measured. The first simulations based on these data show reliable results and it is possible to quantify the influence of the proportion of crooked wood in a pile on the stack volume and the conversion factor. In addition, the results are highly in line with the real trials that have already been performed in parallel. A further scientific evaluation and statistical analysis will be done in a second study phase. However, the model already provides a reasonable tool that is easy to apply for the forest and wood industry in order to make the most accurate estimate possible of the solid wood content in a wood pile. KW - conversion factors; log properties; stack volume; solid wood content; roundwood measurement Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4452 SN - 2673-4931 IS - 3(1) PB - MDPI ER - TY - CHAP A1 - de Miguel-Díez, Felipe A1 - Reder, Stefan A1 - Wallor, Evelyn A1 - Bahr, Henrik A1 - Mund, Jan-Peter A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - Long Range and High-Speed Personal Laser Scanning (PLS) and Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) Technology in Roundwood Measurement T2 - Proceedings of the SilviLaser Conference 2021 Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4462 N1 - Proceedings of the SilviLaser Conference 2021, Vienna, Austria, 28–30 September 2021. Technische Universität Wien, 2021. DOI: 10.34726/wim.1861 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - de Miguel-Díez, Felipe A1 - Guigue, Phillippe A1 - Pettenkofer, Tim A1 - Tolosana-Esteban, Eduardo A1 - Purfürst, Thomas A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - Development and evaluation of a novel 3D simulation software for modelling wood stacks JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Assessing the solid wood content is crucial when acquiring stacked roundwood. A frequently used method for this is to multiply determined conversion factors by the measured gross volume. However, the conversion factors are influenced by several log and stack parameters. Although these parameters have been identified and studied, their individual influence has not yet been analyzed using a broad statistical basis. This is due to the considerable financial resources that the data collection entails. To overcome this shortcoming, a 3D-simulation model was developed. It generates virtual wood stacks of randomized composition based on one individual data set of logs, which may be real or defined by the user. In this study, the development and evaluation of the simulation model are presented. The model was evaluated by conducting a sensitivity and a quantitative analysis of the simulation outcomes based on real measurements of 405 logs of Norway spruce and 20 stacks constituted with these. The results of the simulation outcomes revealed a small overestimation of the net volume of real stacks: by 1.2% for net volume over bark and by 3.2% for net volume under bark. Furthermore, according to the calculated mean bias error (MBE), the model underestimates the gross volume by 0.02%. In addition, the results of the sensitivity analysis confirmed the capability of the model to adequately consider variations in the input parameters and to provide reliable outcomes. KW - Bark; Simulation and modeling; Wood; Computer software; Computerized simulations; Trees; Measurement; Friction Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4472 SN - 1932-6203 N1 - The software as well as the database used for the evaluation can be downloaded both at https://www.ag-rohholz.de/themen/projekt-hobeopt and at https://hnee.de/hobeopt. The source code can be accessed at: https://github.com/timpettenkofer/hoposim. IS - 17(3) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - de Miguel-Díez, Felipe A1 - Pettenkofer, Tim A1 - Wallor, Evelyn A1 - Tolosana-Esteban, Eduardo A1 - Purfürst, Thomas A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - Influence of log and stack parameters on the conversion factors for Norway Spruce wood stacks using a 3D simulation model JF - International Journal of Forest Engineering N2 - One method for estimating the solid wood content in a stack involves using conversion factors and multiplying these by the measured gross volume. The conversion factors can vary depending on several log and stack parameters. The aim of this study was to analyze eleven parameters using a 3D simulation model based on 541 measured logs of Norway spruce. To this end, 50 data sets were created from measured logs, where the parameters of interest in this study (e.g., length, crookedness, taper …) were classified according to different ranges. After that, 64 runs of simulations were carried out. In each simulation run, 150 stacks were modeled. The simulation results were compared with previous studies and with the measurement guidelines of several countries. This analysis revealed that the parameters midpoint diameter, length, crookedness, delimbing quality and the proportion of moderately and highly crooked logs in a stack have a considerable influence on the conversion factors. Taper, proportion of butt logs in a stack and stack height have a modest effect as do the proportion of tapered and crooked logs for low and high taper and low crookedness. In contrast, ovality and the proportion of logs stacked in opposite directions have a marginal influence on the conversion factors. Based on findings from these analyses, the current measurement guidelines of different countries can now be adapted to achieve a higher degree of accuracy. KW - Roundwood measurement; conversion factors; solid wood content; software development Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4482 SN - 1494-2119 VL - 33 IS - 2 SP - 119 EP - 128 PB - Taylor & Francis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - de Miguel-Díez, Felipe A1 - Reder, Stefan A1 - Wallor, Evelyn A1 - Bahr, Henrik A1 - Blasko, Lubomir A1 - Mund, Jan-Peter A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - Further application of using a personal laser scanner and simultaneous localization and mapping technology to estimate the log’s volume and its comparison with traditional methods JF - International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation N2 - The aim of this study was the development of a methodical processing line for estimating the log’s volume from scanning logs using a long-range high-speed personal laser scanner (PLS) GeoSLAM ZEB HORIZON and simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) technology in an open-source software framework of Cloud Compare. Additionally, the accuracy and precision of using PLS and the suggested method when measuring roundwood volume was examined compared to measurements made using a xylometer and estimations obtained from applying the formulae of Huber, Smalian and Newton. For this purpose, several parameters were measured in 50 logs of Norway spruce with an average length of 2.53 m and a mean diameter of 19.97 cm. Afterwards, the volume of these 50 logs was measured with a xylometer. The results of these measurements served as reference values. The same 50 logs were subsequently scanned with the PLS. The scans were converted into point clouds and were analyzed in Cloud Compare to estimate the volume of the scanned logs. Next, the root mean square error (RMSE) and the mean bias error (MBE) as well as their relative values were calculated for the volumes determined in Cloud Compare and estimated with the above mentioned formulae. The calculated RMSE (and relative RMSE) determined a deviation of the logs' volumes estimated in Cloud Compare from the xylometric volumes of 2.88 dm3 (3.54%) whereas the deviations of the log’s volumes calculated applying the formulae of Huber, Smalian and Newton from the xylometric volumes were respectively 9.63 dm3 (11.83%), 10.33 dm3 (12.69%) and 4.69 dm3 (5.76%). The calculated MBE (and relative MBE) showed that the estimated volumes in Cloud Compare and those using the formulae were overestimated, with the lowest overestimation of 0.10 dm3 (0.12%) in Cloud Compare and the highest, 5.50 dm3 (6.75%), using the Smalian formula. Therefore, it can be stated that results of suggested methodical processing line came closest to the logs' volumes obtained with the xylometer, i.e., they were more accurate and precise compared to the conventionally formulae for log’s volume estimation. The implementation of this method has the potential filling a gap towards a wall-to-wall complete digitization of the roundwood commercialization and ensure transparency and acceptance between the stakeholders involved in the wood supply chain. KW - SLAM; Point cloud; Roundwood measurement; Wood supply chain Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4496 SN - 1872-826X IS - 109 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bartsch, Robert A1 - Schleier, Caroline A1 - Schultz-Sternberg, Rüdiger A1 - Ritschel, Jürgen ED - Landeskompetenzzentrum Forst Eberswalde (LFE), ED - Hochschule für nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde (FH), T1 - Auswirkungen der Klimaveränderungen auf die brandenburgischen Böden – Expertengespräche und Literaturrecherche JF - Archiv für Forstwesen und Landschaftsökologie N2 - Im Rahmen des Projektes „Brandenburg spezifische Boden-Indikatoren für ein Klimamonitoring im Rahmen der Deutschen Anpassungsstrategie (DAS) sowie Zusammenstellung von aussagefähigen Wirkungs- und Alarmschwellen“ sind Kenntnisse über die spezifische Gefährdung der Brandenburger Böden zusammengestellt worden. Basierend auf den Prognosen von Gerstengarbe et al. (2003) und Zebisch et al. (2005) wird Brandenburg durch die prognostizierten Klimaveränderungen besonders betroffen sein. Diese werden sich vor allem in Veränderungen in Niederschlagsverteilungen, Niederschlagsformen und steigenden Temperaturen äußern. Besonders die Umverteilung der Niederschläge und steigende Temperaturen im Winterhalbjahr können den Wasserhaushalt des Bodens negativ beeinflussen (Linke et al., 2011). Eine Verringerung der Niederschläge im Sommerhalbjahr wird deutlich erkennbare Auswirkungen auf die bisher betriebene Landwirtschaft haben. Aufgrund der Veränderungen der Niederschlagsformen, mit zunehmenden Starkniederschlägen, ist mit häufigerem Auftreten von Bodenerosion sowie von lokalen und regionalen Hochwasserereignissen zu rechnen. Die befragten Experten betonen, dass im Boden Nutzungsänderungen voraussichtlich wesentlich stärker und schneller sichtbar werden als durch Änderungen im Klima. Dadurch kann ein negativer Einfluss der Klimaveränderungen durch frühzeitige Nutzungsanpassung kompensiert werden. T2 - Impact of climate change on soils in Brandenburg – interviews of experts and literature research KW - Boden; Klimawandel; Vulnerabilität; Bodenerosion; Bodenwasserhaushalt; Expertenbefragung Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4508 SN - 1862-4669 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Popescu, Carmen-Mihaela A1 - Pfriem, Alexander T1 - Treatments and modification to improve the reaction to fire of wood and wood based products—An overview JF - Fire and Materials N2 - Wood and wood-based products are widely used for structural building elements, but due to their composition, they are susceptible of combusting if exposed to fire. Fire safety is an important issue of building safety, especially when the building's fire load contents enhance the risks of fire spread. Therefore, the involved materials are very important to address the fire safety requirements. When existing timber structures are involved, the most usual way to improve its reaction to fire is to treat wood with fire retardant materials. The idea of this paper is to give an overall overview, on the existing fire-retardant and intumescent coating materials, modification, and treatments that can be applied to wood and wood-based products in order to improve their reaction to fire. KW - fire retardant; intumescent systems; reaction to fire; wood modification; wood treatment Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4541 SN - 0308-0501 VL - 44 IS - 1 SP - 100 EP - 111 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cremer, Tobias A1 - Blasko, Lubomir T1 - Analyse der fotooptischen Vermessung von Kiefernstamm- und -industrieholz im Vergleich zum Sektionsraumaß JF - Allgemeine Forst- und Jagdzeitung KW - Holzlogistik; Holzbereitstellung; Fotooptik; Sektionsraummaß; Holzvermessung; Industrieholz; Stammholz; Kiefer Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4551 SN - 0002-5852 VL - 188 IS - 7/8 SP - 127 EP - 139 PB - J. D. Sauerländer ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mensah, Isaac A1 - Ahiekpor, Julius Cudjoe A1 - Herold, Nadine A1 - Bensah, Edem Cudjoe A1 - Pfriem, Alexander A1 - Antwi, Edward A1 - Amponsem, Bright T1 - Biomass and plastic co-pyrolysis for syngas production: Characterisation of Celtis mildbraedii sawdust as a potential feedstock JF - Scientific African N2 - Celtis mildbraedii sawdust (CMS) from Ghana was characterised to investigate its suitability with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) for syngas production via co-pyrolysis. The physical and chemical properties assessed include proximate and ultimate compositions, pH value, higher heating value (HHV), and lignocellulosic composition. Also, the thermal behaviour at different heating rates (5, 10, and 20 K/min) and qualitative prediction of organic compounds of CMS were examined using thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG) and NIR spectroscopy techniques, respectively. Results of proximate analysis (moisture = 17.15 ± 0.0 wt.%, ash = 1.13 ± 0.4 wt.%, volatile matter = 68.39 ± 0.4 wt.%, fixed carbon = 13.33 ± 0.8 wt.%); ultimate analysis (C = 48.51 wt.%, H = 6.66 wt.%, N = 0.51 wt.%, S = 0.02 wt.%, O = 44.30 wt.%); pH values (cold phase = 7.60, hot phase = 6.30); HHV (15.37 – 18.03 MJ/kg); and lignocellulosic composition (extractives = 13.80 ± 0.57 wt.%, hemicellulose = 21.95 ± 3.89 wt.%, lignin = 17.35 ± 0.35 wt.%, cellulose = 46.90 ± 2.97 wt.%) were obtained. The maximum mass loss was 83.48% at 289.8 °C at 5 K/min. It was concluded that CMS is a highly potential biomass resource for syngas production with an empirical formula of CH1.64O0.69N0.009S0.0001. KW - Celtis mildbraedii sawdust; Physicochemical; Characterisation; Co-pyrolysis; Syngas; production; Ghana Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4588 SN - 2468-2276 IS - 16 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weiss, Fabio A1 - Michler, Frank Uwe A1 - Gillich, Benjamin A1 - Tillmann, Jörg A1 - Ciuti, Simone A1 - Heurich, Marco A1 - Rieger, Siegfried T1 - Displacement Effects of Conservation Grazing on Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) Spatial Behaviour JF - Environmental Management N2 - Conservation grazing uses semi-feral or domesticated herbivores to limit encroachment in open areas and to promote biodiversity. However, we are still unaware of its effects on wild herbivores. This study investigates the influence of herded sheep and goats on red deer (Cervus elaphus) spatial behavior by testing three a-priori hypotheses: (i) red deer are expected to avoid areas used by livestock, as well as adjacent areas, when livestock are present, albeit (ii) red deer increase the use of these areas when sheep and goats are temporarily absent and (iii) there is a time-lagged disruption in red deer spatial behavior when conservation grazing practice ends. Using GPS-telemetry data on red deer from a German heathland area, we modelled their use of areas grazed by sheep and goats, using mixed-effect logistic regression. Additionally, we developed seasonal resource selection functions (use-availability design) to depict habitat selection by red deer before, during, and after conservation grazing. Red deer used areas less during conservation grazing throughout all times of the day and there was no compensatory use during nighttime. This effect mostly persisted within 21 days after conservation grazing. Effects on habitat selection of red deer were detectable up to 3000 meters away from the conservation grazing sites, with no signs of either habituation or adaption. For the first time, we demonstrate that conservation grazing can affect the spatio-temporal behavior of wild herbivores. Our findings are relevant for optimizing landscape and wildlife management when conservation grazing is used in areas where wild herbivores are present. KW - Targeted grazing; Heathland conservation; Dry grassland; Wildlife; Habitat selection; Resource selection functions Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4609 SN - 0364-152X VL - 70 SP - 763 EP - 779 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bernhard, Miriam A1 - Gossel, Britta M. A1 - Will, Andreas ED - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Publizistik- und Kommunikationswissenschaft e.V., T1 - Der Zusammenhang zwischen der strategischen Technologieorientierung und dem organisationalen Lernen in Medienorganisationen T2 - Internet-Intermediäre und virtuelle Plattformen medienökonomisch betrachtet: Proceedings zur Jahrestagung der Fachgruppe Medienökonomie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Publizistik- und Kommunikationswissenschaft 2021, Hamburg N2 - Zukunftstechnologien üben schon seit geraumer Zeit Transformationsdruck auf Medienorganisationen aus (Küng, 2008). Medienorganisationen sind daher gezwungen, gezielt zu reagieren, sich zu verändern und zu lernen. Ein theoretisches Konstrukt, das diesen Prozess erklärt, ist die Theorie des organisationalen Lernens (OL) (Senge, 2006). In der allgemeinen Managementforschung ist OL bereits ein etablierter theoretische Ansatz (Dick, 2005), bei Medienorganisationen wurde OL bislang kaum erforscht (Bernhard & Will, 2021). Die strategische Orientierung der Organisation stellt eine Möglichkeit zur Förderung des OL dar (Seçkin-Halaç, 2019). Insbesondere die strategische Technologieorientierung (TO) könnte in Anbetracht von Zukunftstechnologien hilfreich für OL sein (ebd.). Vor diesem Hintergrund beschäftigt sich dieser Beitrag mit der folgenden Frage: Besteht ein Zusammenhang zwischen der Technologieorientierung (TO) und dem organisationalen Lernen (OL) in Medienorganisationen? Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage wurde eine explorative Onlineumfrage (Zeitraum: Dez. 2020 bis Jan. 2021) unter deutschen Medienmanager*innen (N=46) durchgeführt. Für die Untersuchung wurden die Instrumente von Hakala & Kohtamäki (2011) für die TO und von Marsick & Watkins (2003) für das OL übernommen. Die Umfragedaten wurden mithilfe der Rangkorrelation nach Spearman analysiert. Kernergebnis der Untersuchung ist, dass ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen TO und OL besteht. KW - Technologieorientierung; Organisationales Lernen; Medienorganisationen; Zeitungsverlage Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4615 SP - 163 EP - 176 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gossel, Britta M. T1 - Analogies in Entrepreneurial Communication and Strategic Communication: Definition, Delimitation of Research Programs and Future Research JF - International Journal of Strategic Communication N2 - This article aims to build a better understanding of entrepreneurial communication and strategic communication. The term entrepreneurial is finding its way into the discussion of communication science in general and strategic communication in particular, for example, through the consideration of startups. So far, the term entrepreneurial communication remains vague, is hardly defined and is not systematically distinguished from strategic communication. By applying an analogies lens in the context of problematizing, differences between the terms entrepreneurial and strategic in entrepreneurial communication and strategic communication are explored based on selected given definitions. As a result, three unifying dimensions – development stage, mode, and logic – are developed to highlight fundamental differences between the two terms. To create potential for a future creation of entrepreneurial communication as research program, and to elaborate on future potential for strategic communication in relation to this, central theoretical approaches in entrepreneurship research and their potential to research entrepreneurial communication are explored. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4659 SN - 1553-118X VL - 16 IS - 2 SP - 134 EP - 156 PB - Taylor & Francis ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Bernhard, Miriam A1 - Gossel, Britta M. A1 - Will, Andreas T1 - Rigor and Relevance : Enforcing dialogue between media management research and practice T2 - Diskussionspapiere Menschen, Märkte, Medien, Management N2 - There is a strong demand in media management to strengthen the bridge between theory and practice. Following the debate on rigor and relevance, the approach of engaged scholarship and arguments from our community, we see the need to develop a research agenda in dialogue with practice. Therefore, we explore the following questions: Which topics do media managers consider relevant to research? How can these issues be contrasted with the research agendas proclaimed by media management research? To answer these questions, we first summarize current issues in media management research through a literature review. Second, current issues in media management practice are captured based on an online survey with German media managers (N=46). Finally, the two perspectives are contrasted to develop relevant questions for media management research and practice. KW - rigor and relevance; media manager; practice perspective; media management Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4667 IS - Band 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Donat, Marco A1 - Geistert, Jonas A1 - Grahmann, Kathrin A1 - Bloch, Ralf A1 - Bellingrath-Kimura, Sonoko D. T1 - Patch cropping- a new methodological approach to determine new field arrangements that increase the multifunctionality of agricultural landscapes JF - Computers and Electronics in Agriculture N2 - Agricultural intensification decreased land cover complexity by converting small complex arable field geometries into large and simple structures which then were managed uniformly. These changes have led to a variety of negative environmental effects and influence ecosystem services. We present a novel small-scale and site-specific cropping system which splits a large field into small homogeneous sub-fields called ‘patches’ grouped in different yield potentials. A detailed workflow is presented to generate new spatially arranged patches with special focus on preprocessing and filtering of multi-year yield data, the variation in patch sizes and the adaptation of maximum working width to use available conventional farm equipment and permanent traffic lanes. The reduction of variance by the used cluster algorithm depends on the within-field heterogeneity. The patch size, the number of growing seasons (GS) used for clustering and the parallel shift of the patch structure along the permanent traffic lane resulted in a change in relative variance. Independent cross validation showed an increased performance of the classification algorithm with increasing number of GS used for clustering. The applied cluster analysis resulted in robust field segregation according to different yield potential zones and provides an innovative method for a novel cropping system. KW - Soil Management Zone Delineation; Yield Productivity Zones; Python; Clustering Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4365 SN - 0168-1699 IS - 197 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schäfer, Martina A1 - Haack, Michaela T1 - Overcoming the efficiency paradigm—The challenges of introducing local organic beef in canteens JF - Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems N2 - Introduction In recent years, there has been a growing recognition that public canteens can play an important role in supporting the transformation toward sustainable food systems and providing access to sustainable and healthy food for everybody—including the most vulnerable groups of the population. One important way in which canteens can contribute to this transformation is by increasing the share of organic and local products. These new political and public demands contrast with the organizational development of canteens over the past few decades, which has mainly been characterized by an increase in economic efficiency and a reduction in costs. Based on a project that was carried out in the Berlin-Brandenburg region (Germany), this paper exemplifies some of the challenges canteens face in the process of introducing organic and local products. Methods The empirical results are based on 31 qualitative interviews with canteen managers and kitchen staff as well as with the processing company involved. In addition, a survey of 500 canteen guests was conducted in the participating canteens. Results The analysis shows that the canteens had to adapt various organizational practices to ensure a healthy and sustainable diet at manageable cost. Introducing local organic beef in the canteens requires close cooperation with local farmers and processors, a change in procurement practices, transparency around the origin of the products, as well as adapted menu planning. Discussion Based on the empirical results, the paper discusses how these challenges can be met and which supportive measures can be taken on different governance levels. To change entrenched practices, process facilitators who support local cooperation along the value added chain are needed, and practical knowledge and professional training must be provided. The article concludes that there is a great potential to foster a sustainable and healthy diet via public and private canteens if the tension between efficiency and sustainability orientation can be overcome by adapting framework conditions. KW - canteens KW - public procurement KW - local products KW - kitchen management KW - public catering KW - efficiency paradigm KW - sustainability transformation KW - organic beef Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4395 SN - 2571-581X VL - 7 PB - Frontiers Media S.A. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bashutska, U. B. A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - Екологічне оцінювання деревини робінії звичайної та рекультивованих відвалів шахт як резервної території для її вирощування JF - Scientific Bulletin of UNFU N2 - Раціональне користування природними ресурсами є необхідним для сталого розвитку. Потребою сьогодення є використання екологічної сировини, яка спричиняє мінімальний вплив на довкілля та здоров'я людини під час її виробництва, використання й утилізації. Проаналізовано екологічну цінність деревини робінії звичайної на підставі вивчення її застосування та ринків збуту у Німеччині. Відзначено подібність її деревини за хімічним складом і властивостями із деревиною тропічних видів дерев, а також можливість заготівлі екологічно сприйнятливими способами. Вивчено можливість вирощування цього інтродукованого виду рослин на рекультивованих породних відвалах за умови екологічного моніторингу. Опрацьовано інформацію про насадження робінії звичайної у північно-східній низовині Німеччини. Проаналізовано будову, властивості деревини робінії та її можливе використання. Розглянуто принципи сортування та відповідні критерії якості деревини робінії. Здійснено порівняння ринків робінії у Бранденбурзі (Німеччина) та Угорщині. Запропоновано заходи щодо збільшення використання робінії. Розглянуто порушені землі Малого Полісся, як резервні території отримання екологічної деревини робінії звичайної. Екологічно обґрунтованим є відведення для цього порушених добуванням вугілля територій у сприятливих лісорослинних районах. Фітомеліоративні властивості робінії звичайної роблять її перспективним видом для залісення новоутворених екотопів із широкою екологічною амплітудою в умовах Малого Полісся. Наявність насипних рекультиваційних ґрунтів є необхідною умовою для приживання та рівномірного росту і розвитку робінієвих культур в умовах породних відвалів шахт. Якість та продуктивність робінієвих насаджень залежать від фізико-хімічних властивостей шарів насипних ґрунтів та мікрокліматичних особливостей екотопів відвалів. Це зумовлює відмінності в рості й розвитку робінієвих насаджень, впливає на показники якості деревини робінії і зумовлює шляхи її можливого використання. Меліоративна функція робінієвих насаджень на післягірничих ландшафтах є особливо важливою у час зміни клімату. Продуктивна функція робінієвих насаджень на післягірничих ландшафтах дає підставу розглядати їх як додаткове джерело біологічно стійкої деревини. N2 - The rational use of natural resources is essential for sustainable development. The use of environmentally friendly raw materials, which has minimal environmental impact in its processing, is necessity today. The ecological value of the black locust wood is analyzed based on the study of its use and on the markets in Germany. It is a valuable tree like tropical tree species. It can be obtained by environmentally friendly procurement methods. Therefore, the possibility of growing this invasive species of plants on reclaimed coal-mining dumps under environmental monitoring has been studied. The plantations peculiarities of the black locust plant in the Northeast Lowland of Germany were investigated. The structure, properties of the work wood, and its possibilities of use were analyzed. The principles of sorting and corresponding quality criteria for the wood of the work were considered. We made comparison of the markets in Brandenburg (Germany) and Hungary. Measures to increase the use of work are suggested. The disrupted lands of the Male Polissya are considered as reserve territories for receiving ecological wood of the black locust. It is environmentally justifiable to set aside for this affected areas of coal mining in favourable forest areas. The phytomeliorative properties of black locust tree make it a promising species for afforestation of newly formed ecotopes with wide ecological amplitude in Male Polissya conditions. The creation of reclamation layers of loose soils is a prerequisite for ensuring their uniform growth and development in the conditions of coal-mining dumps. The distribution of the main taxation indices of the black locust stands on the new soils depends on their physicochemical properties and on the microclimatic features of the dumps. This causes differences in the growth and development of black locust plantations, effects on the quality of the wood of black locust and determines the ways of its possible use. Land reclamation effect of black locust plantations is associated with production effect. Simultaneously with receiving the black locust wood, the environmental situation will be getting better, because black locust can protect soil from erosion due to its root system. This is especially important in times of climate change. Black locust plantations on reclaimed coal-mining dumps can be considered as an additional source of the biologically stable wood. T2 - Ecological assessment of black locust wood and coal-mining dumps, as a reserve area for its cultivation KW - захист навколишнього середовища; екологічні міркування; біологічно стійка деревина; післягірничий ландшафт; сталий розвиток KW - environmental protection; ecological considerations; biologically stable wood; post-mining landscape; sustainable development Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4433 SN - 1994-7836 VL - 30 IS - 3 SP - 51 EP - 59 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bönecke, Eric A1 - Meyer, Swen A1 - Vogel, Sebastian A1 - Schröter, Ingmar A1 - Gebbers, Robin A1 - Kling, Charlotte A1 - Kramer, Eckart A1 - Lück, Katrin A1 - Nagel, Anne A1 - Philipp, Golo A1 - Gerlach, Felix A1 - Palme, Stefan A1 - Scheibe, Dirk A1 - Zieger, Karin A1 - Rühlmann, Jörg T1 - Guidelines for precise lime management based on high-resolution soil pH, texture and SOM maps generated from proximal soil sensing data JF - Precision Agriculture N2 - Soil acidification is caused by natural paedogenetic processes and anthropogenic impacts but can be counteracted by regular lime application. Although sensors and applicators for variable-rate liming (VRL) exist, there are no established strategies for using these tools or helping to implement VRL in practice. Therefore, this study aimed to provide guidelines for site-specific liming based on proximal soil sensing. First, high-resolution soil maps of the liming-relevant indicators (pH, soil texture and soil organic matter content) were generated using on-the-go sensors. The soil acidity was predicted by two ion-selective antimony electrodes (RMSEpH: 0.37); the soil texture was predicted by a combination of apparent electrical resistivity measurements and natural soil-borne gamma emissions (RMSEclay: 0.046 kg kg−1); and the soil organic matter (SOM) status was predicted by a combination of red (660 nm) and near-infrared (NIR, 970 nm) optical reflection measurements (RMSESOM: 6.4 g kg−1). Second, to address the high within-field soil variability (pH varied by 2.9 units, clay content by 0.44 kg kg−1 and SOM by 5.5 g kg−1), a well-established empirical lime recommendation algorithm that represents the best management practices for liming in Germany was adapted, and the lime requirements (LRs) were determined. The generated workflow was applied to a 25.6 ha test field in north-eastern Germany, and the variable LR was compared to the conventional uniform LR. The comparison showed that under the uniform liming approach, 63% of the field would be over-fertilized by approximately 12 t of lime, 6% would receive approximately 6 t too little lime and 31% would still be adequately limed. KW - Variable rate soil liming; Soil texture; Soil pH; Soil organic matter; Soil sensing; Site specific soil management Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4890 SN - 1385-2256 VL - 22 SP - 493 EP - 523 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Horf, Michael A1 - Bönecke, Eric A1 - Gebbers, Robin A1 - Kling, Charlotte A1 - Kramer, Eckart A1 - Rühlmann, Jörg A1 - Schröter, Ingmar A1 - Schwanghart, Wolfgang A1 - Vogel, Sebastian T1 - Utility of visible and near-infrared spectroscopy to predict base neutralizing capacity and lime requirement of quaternary soils JF - Precision Agriculture N2 - Detailed knowledge of a soil’s lime requirement (LR) is a prerequisite for a demand-based lime fertilization to achieve the optimum soil pH and thus sustainably increasing soil fertility and crop yields. LR can be directly determined by the base neutralizing capacity (BNC) obtained by soil-base titration. For a site-specific soil acidity management, detailed information on the within-field variation of BNC is required. However, soil-base titrations for BNC determination are too laborious to be extensively applied in routine soil testing. In contrast, visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (visNIRS) is a time and cost-effective alternative that can analyze several soil characteristics within a single spectrum. VisNIRS was tested in the laboratory on 170 air-dried and sieved soil samples of nine agricultural fields of a quaternary landscape in North-east Germany predicting the soil’s BNC and the corresponding lime requirement (LRBNC) at a target pH of 6.5. Seven spectral pre-processing methods were tested including a new technique based on normalized differences (ND). Furthermore, six multivariate regression methods were conducted including a new method combining a forward stagewise subset selection algorithm with PLSR (FS-PLSR). The models were validated using an independent sample set. The best regression model for most target variables was FS-PLSR combined with the second Savitzky-Golay derivation as pre-processing method achieving R2s from 0.68 to 0.82. Finally, the performance of the direct prediction of LRBNC (R2 = 0.68) was compared with an indirect prediction that was calculated by the predicted BNC parameters. This resulted in slightly higher correlation coefficients for the indirect method with R2 = 0.75. KW - Soil acidification; pH buffer capacity; Soil-base titration; Precision agriculture; Chemometrics Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4916 SN - 1385-2256 SN - 1573-1618 VL - 24 SP - 288 EP - 309 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weiss, Fabio A1 - Linde, Andreas T1 - How to estimate carabid biomass?—an evaluation of size-weight models for ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and perspectives for further improvement JF - Journal of Insect Conservation N2 - Biomass is an important metric for monitoring carabid populations and serves as an ecological indicator. Models that predict carabid weight based on body size represent a simple and straightforward method to estimate biomass and are therefore commonly used. However, such models are rarely evaluated against independent validation data. In this study, we evaluated the two widely used size-weight models by Szyszko (1983) and Booij et al. (1994) drawing on previously published independent data. Additionally, we developed and tested four new models to also evaluate the potential effect of taxonomic parameters; and compared model predictions with actual measurements of biomass using relative deviation graphs and observed versus predicted from regression. We show that the two models by Szyszko (1983) and Booij et al. (1994) contain systematic bias towards larger and smaller carabids, respectively, suggesting restricted applicability of such models. Additional taxonomic parameters improved weight predictions, indicating one possible solution to the issue of restricted applicability. We discuss further relevant limitations of size-weight models and their application and recommend a combined use of the models of Szyszko (1983) and Booij et al. (1994) for carabids ≥ 11.8 mm and < 11.8 mm, respectively. Implications for insect conservation: Size-weight models are a suitable and simple method to estimate the biomass of carabids and have great potential to be used in monitoring schemes, the investigation of long-term trends and ecological studies. It is, however, essential that researchers pay special attention to potential restrictions in their applicability and methodological limitations. KW - Insect monitoring; Size weight equation; Insect biomass; Insect decline; Ecological modelling; Model validation Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4983 SN - 1366-638X SN - 1572-9753 VL - 26 SP - 537 EP - 548 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Birdman, Jodie A1 - Barth, Matthias A1 - Lang, Daniel J. T1 - Connecting curricula and competence through student learning journeys JF - Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy N2 - This research examines the connection between higher education curricula for sustainable development and student development of key competencies for sustainability. The authors conducted a comparative case study that followed ten students from three graduate sustainability programs. Through a combination of student-generated and contextual data, we created a set of learning journeys. These journeys showed that activities which foster reflection, interaction, and real-world connections are especially critical for competence development as part of the whole curriculum. What and how students found most useful depended on individual disposition and we identified four general categories based on prior experience, attitude to learning, and individual goals. Barriers to competency development were frustration, feelings of helplessness, and being unable to link competence to concrete activities or concepts. These barriers could be mitigated through peer interaction and mentorship, environmental support such as spaces for collaboration, and instructor scaffolding. Because no single course can fit the needs of each student, we recommend that beneficial components in the form of courses that support the above-mentioned activities be part of purposeful curriculum design. KW - Higher education; sustainability education; education for sustainable development; competence development; curriculum Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4240 SN - 1548-7733 IS - 18/1 SP - 560 EP - 575 PB - Taylor & Francis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fischer, Daniel A1 - King, Jordan A1 - Rieckmann, Marco A1 - Barth, Matthias A1 - Büssing, Alexander A1 - Hemmer, Ingrid A1 - Lindau-Bank, Detlev T1 - Teacher Education for Sustainable Development: A Review of an Emerging Research Field JF - Journal of Teacher Education N2 - Abstract Teacher Education for Sustainable Development (TESD) is a niche innovation in teacher education that empowers teachers to prepare learners to address global socio-environmental challenges. To advance the diffusion of this niche innovation into general teacher education, this article offers a systematic literature review based on a qualitative analysis of 158 peer-reviewed publications on TESD research. Our results show that TESD research is a growing field characterized by five types of inquiry: designing learning environments, understanding learner attributes, measuring learning outcomes, promoting systems change, and advancing visions for the field. Major innovation potentials of TESD for more general teacher education are its emphasis on the grand socio-environmental challenges of our times, methodologies to engage with knowledge diversity (e.g., inter/transdisciplinarity), and sustainability science learning approaches (e.g., backcasting). We suggest that future work builds from this review to strengthen links between teacher education and TESD in enhancing quality education. KW - Teacher Education for Sustainable Development; teacher education research methodology; assessment; international teacher education; learning environment; systematic literature review Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4306 SN - 0022-4871 VL - Volume 73 IS - Issue 5 SP - 509 EP - 524 PB - Sage CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wilms, Florian A1 - Duppel, Nils A1 - Cremer, Tobias A1 - Berendt, Ferréol T1 - Bark Thickness and Heights of the Bark Transition Area of Scots Pine JF - Forests N2 - The estimation of forest biomass is gaining interest not only for calculating harvesting volumes but also for carbon storage estimation. However, bark (and carbon) compounds are not distributed equally along the stem. Particularly when looking at Scots pine, a radical change in the structure of the bark along the stem can be noted. At the bark transition area, the bark changes from thick and rough to thin and smooth. The aim of our study was (1) to analyze the height of the bark transition area where the bark structure changes and (2) to analyze the effect of cardinal direction on the bark thickness. Regression analyses and forward selection were performed including measured tree height, DBH, bark thickness, crown base height and upper and lower heights of the bark transition areas of 375 trees. While the cardinal direction had no effect on bark thickness, DBH was found to have a significant effect on the heights of the bark transition areas, with stand density and tree height having a minor additional effect. These variables can be used to estimate timber volume (without bark) with higher accuracy and to predict the carbon storage potential of forest biomass according to different tree compartments and compounds. KW - bark structure; Pinus sylvestris; forward selection; bark types Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4330 SN - 1999-4907 IS - 12(10) SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gohr, Charlotte A1 - von Wehrden, Henrik A1 - May, Felix A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. T1 - Remotely sensed effectiveness assessments of protected areas lack a common framework: A review JF - Ecosphere N2 - Effective protected areas reflect socio-ecological values, such as biodiversity and habitat maintenance, as well as human well-being. These values, which safeguard ecosystem services in protected areas, are treated as models for the sustainable preservation and use of resources. While there is much research on the effectiveness of protected areas in a variety of disciplines, the question is whether there is a common framework that uses remote sensing methods. We conducted a qualitative and a quantitative analysis of 44 peer-reviewed scientific papers utilizing remote sensing data in order to examine the effectiveness of protected areas. Very few studies to date have a wide or even a global geographical focus; instead, most quantify the effectiveness of protected areas by focusing on local-scale case studies and single indicators such as forest cover change. Methods that help integrate spatial selection approaches, to compare a protected area's characteristics with its surroundings, are increasingly being used. Based on this review, we argue for a multi-indicator-based framework on protected area effectiveness, including the development of a consistent set of socio-ecological indicators for a global analysis. In turn, this will allow for globally applicable use, including a concrete evaluation that considers the diversity of regional parameters, biome-specific variables, and political frameworks. Ideally, such a framework will enhance the monitoring and evaluation of global strategies and conventions. KW - effectiveness; protected areas; remote sensing; socio-ecological indicators Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4799 SN - 2150-8925 N1 - Data are available from figshare: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.17198771 VL - 13 IS - 4 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Selva, Nuria A1 - Kreft, Stefan A1 - Kati, Vassiliki A1 - Schluck, Martin A1 - Jonsson, Bengt-Gunnar A1 - Mihok, Barbara A1 - Okarma, Henryk A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. T1 - Roadless and Low-Traffic Areas as Conservation Targets in Europe JF - Environmental Management N2 - With increasing road encroachment, habitat fragmentation by transport infrastructures has been a serious threat for European biodiversity. Areas with no roads or little traffic (“roadless and low-traffic areas”) represent relatively undisturbed natural habitats and functioning ecosystems. They provide many benefits for biodiversity and human societies (e.g., landscape connectivity, barrier against pests and invasions, ecosystem services). Roadless and low-traffic areas, with a lower level of anthropogenic disturbances, are of special relevance in Europe because of their rarity and, in the context of climate change, because of their contribution to higher resilience and buffering capacity within landscape ecosystems. An analysis of European legal instruments illustrates that, although most laws aimed at protecting targets which are inherent to fragmentation, like connectivity, ecosystem processes or integrity, roadless areas are widely neglected as a legal target. A case study in Germany underlines this finding. Although the Natura 2000 network covers a significant proportion of the country (16%), Natura 2000 sites are highly fragmented and most low-traffic areas (75%) lie unprotected outside this network. This proportion is even higher for the old Federal States (western Germany), where only 20% of the low-traffic areas are protected. We propose that the few remaining roadless and low-traffic areas in Europe should be an important focus of conservation efforts; they should be urgently inventoried, included more explicitly in the law and accounted for in transport and urban planning. Considering them as complementary conservation targets would represent a concrete step towards the strengthening and adaptation of the Natura 2000 network to climate change. KW - Transport policy; Natura 2000; Fragmentation; Conservation law; Conservation targets; Climate change adaptation Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4856 SN - 0364-152X VL - 48 SP - 865 EP - 877 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hebinck, Aniek A1 - Klerkx, Laurens A1 - Elzen, Boelie A1 - Kok, Kristiaan P. W. A1 - König, Bettina A1 - Schiller, Katharina A1 - Tschersich, Julia A1 - van Mierlo, Barbara A1 - von Wirth, Timo T1 - Beyond food for thought – Directing sustainability transitions research to address fundamental change in agri-food systems JF - Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions N2 - Dominant agricultural and food systems lead to continuous resource depletion and unacceptable environmental and social impacts. While current calls for changing agrifood systems are increasingly framed in the context of sustainability transitions, they rarely make an explicit link to transition studies to address these systemic challenges, nor do transition scholars sufficiently address agri-food systems, despite their global pertinence. From this viewpoint, we illustrate several gaps in the agri-food systems debate that sustainability transition studies could engage in. We propose four avenues for research in the next decade of transition research on agri-food systems: 1) Crossscale dynamics between coupled systems; 2) Social justice, equity and inclusion; 3) Sustainability transitions in low- and middle-income countries; 4) Cross-sectoral governance and system integration. We call for a decade of new transition research that moves beyond single-scale and sector perspectives toward more inclusive and integrated analyses of food system dynamics. KW - Agri-food systems; Research agenda; Sustainability transitions; Food systems Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4885 SN - 2210-4224 IS - 41 SP - 81 EP - 85 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Biely, Katharina A1 - von Münchhausen, Susanne A1 - van Passel, Steven T1 - Vertical integration as a strategy to increase value absorption by primary producers: The Belgian sugar beet and the German rapeseed case JF - AIMS Agriculture and Food N2 - Vertical integration is a means of increasing market power. For some agricultural products, it is easier for farmers to exert control over their product beyond the farm gate, but for others it is more difficult. Cases in the latter category have two main characteristics. First, the farmer cannot sell the respective product to final consumers without processing. Second, processing is capital-intensive. Consequently, farmers have limited sales channels, and vertical integration of the supply chain is complex and challenging. It implies cooperation among farmers to process the raw material at a profitable scale and to finance the installation of processing facilities. Thus, for these product categories, farmers are prone to market power issues, since they depend on private businesses that have the financial means to install processing facilities and the logistical capacities to organize the collection of large amounts of raw material. This paper aims to identify and analyze the role of supply chain integration for farmers who are already cooperating horizontally. Two case studies serve as the basis for the analysis: sugar beet in Flanders, Belgium, and oilseed rape in Hessen, Germany. The analysis is based on a qualitative research approach combining interviews, focus groups, and workshops with farmers and processors. While for sugar beet, the effects of market power are emerging only now with the termination of the quota system, farmers growing oilseed rape have been experiencing these problems since the 1990s. Our analysis concludes that most strategies to maintain or improve farm income have been exhausted. Even various forms of vertical integration supported by European policies do not necessarily work as a successful strategy. KW - supply chain; vertical integration; horizontal cooperation; qualitative research; sugar beet; rapeseed Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5610 SN - 2471-2086 VL - 7 IS - 3 SP - 659 EP - 682 PB - AIMS Press ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Marselle, Melissa R. A1 - Hartig, Terry A1 - Cox, Daniel T.C. A1 - de Bell, Siân A1 - Knapp, Sonja A1 - Lindley, Sarah A1 - Triguero-Mas, Margarita A1 - Böhning-Gaese, Katrin A1 - Braubach, Matthias A1 - Cook, Penny A. A1 - de Vries, Sjerp A1 - Heintz-Buschart, Anna A1 - Hofmann, Max A1 - Irvine, Katherine N. A1 - Kabisch, Nadja A1 - Kolek, Franziska A1 - Kraemer, Roland A1 - Markevych, Iana A1 - Martens, Dörte A1 - Müller, Ruth A1 - Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark A1 - Potts, Jacqueline M. A1 - Stadler, Jutta A1 - Walton, Samantha A1 - Warber, Sara L. A1 - Bonn, Aletta T1 - Pathways linking biodiversity to human health: A conceptual framework JF - Environment International N2 - Biodiversity is a cornerstone of human health and well-being. However, while evidence of the contributions of nature to human health is rapidly building, research into how biodiversity relates to human health remains limited in important respects. In particular, a better mechanistic understanding of the range of pathways through which biodiversity can influence human health is needed. These pathways relate to both psychological and social processes as well as biophysical processes. Building on evidence from across the natural, social and health sciences, we present a conceptual framework organizing the pathways linking biodiversity to human health. Four domains of pathways—both beneficial as well as harmful—link biodiversity with human health: (i) reducing harm (e.g. provision of medicines, decreasing exposure to air and noise pollution); (ii) restoring capacities (e.g. attention restoration, stress reduction); (iii) building capacities (e.g. promoting physical activity, transcendent experiences); and (iv) causing harm (e.g. dangerous wildlife, zoonotic diseases, allergens). We discuss how to test components of the biodiversity-health framework with available analytical approaches and existing datasets. In a world with accelerating declines in biodiversity, profound land-use change, and an increase in non-communicable and zoonotic diseases globally, greater understanding of these pathways can reinforce biodiversity conservation as a strategy for the promotion of health for both people and nature. We conclude by identifying research avenues and recommendations for policy and practice to foster biodiversity-focused public health actions. KW - Biodiversity KW - Ecosystem services KW - Nature KW - Mediation KW - Public health KW - Human well-being Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5624 SN - 0160-4120 VL - 150 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Milestad, Rebecka A1 - von Münchhausen, Susanne A1 - Kvam, Gunn-Turid A1 - Schermer, Markus T1 - Managing growth in medium-sized organic businesses: Implications for local orientation and resilience building JF - Sociologia Ruralis N2 - This article explores how locally oriented organic businesses adapt to handle crises during a growth process to build resilience, how these businesses maintain the local orientation when growing and what the implications are for the relationship between territoriality and organic production. We explored four cases of organic businesses in Sweden, Norway, Germany and Austria. The cases can be described as Values-based Territorial Food Networks. All cases experienced challenges and crises during their growth processes and sought to provide stability and flexibility in order to deal with change. The restructuration process required internalising learning into their organisations, using diversity in a strategic way and forming long-term partnerships within their value chains. While organic certification was never at stake, the meaning of ‘local’ shifted in some of the cases. KW - adaptive capacity; local food; organic value chains; resilience; Values-Based Territorial Food Networks Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5631 SN - 0038-0199 SN - 1467-9523 VL - 63 IS - 1; Special Issue: Values-Based Territorial Food Networks' - Benefits, Challenges and Controversies SP - 45 EP - 65 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwarz, Katharina A1 - Bapst, Beat A1 - Holinger, Mirjam A1 - Thüer, Susann A1 - Schleip, Inga A1 - Werne, Steffen T1 - Potentials of using milk performance data and FAMACHA score as indicators for Targeted Selective Treatment in Lacaune dairy sheep in Switzerland JF - Veterinary Parasitology N2 - Targeted Selective Treatment (TST) is one approach to slow down the development of anthelmintic resistance. Its success is closely linked to the correct identification of animals in need of treatment. In dairy goats it has been proposed to use milk yield as TST indicator and to focus treatments on high yielding dairy goats. In dairy sheep the relationship between milk performance and infection with gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) is not well known. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between milk yield and GIN infection in dairy sheep and based on this, to evaluate milk performance data as a potential TST indicator. Overall 1159 Lacaune ewes of 15 dairy sheep farms in Switzerland were included in the study. The ewes were phenotyped once between August and December 2019, when they were at least 70 days in milk (DIM). Individual faecal samples were taken from every ewe to determine the nematode egg concentration per gram faeces (EPG). In addition, the clinical parameters FAMACHA score and packed cell volume (PCV) were measured. Linear mixed models were used to analyse the effects of the collected parameters on EPG. EPG increased significantly with increasing test day milk yields (P = 0.002), indicating high yielding ewes to be less resistant to GIN infections than low yielding ewes. The effect was most pronounced in earlier lactation but remained within a moderate range. Overall, our results indicated the potential of using milk yield data of rather early lactation as TST indicator in dairy sheep. On farms with predominantly H. contortus the combination with FAMACHA might improve the correct identification of highly infected ewes, as FAMACHA was correlated with EPG (r = 0.37, P < 0.001). KW - Gastrointestinal nematodes; Dairy sheep; Milk yield; Targeted selective treatment; Organic farming; Anthelmintic resistance Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5698 SN - 0304-4017 IS - 277 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hirl, Regina T. A1 - Ogée, Jérôme A1 - Ostler, Ulrike A1 - Schäufele, Rudi A1 - Baca Cabrera, Juan C. A1 - Zhu, Jianjun A1 - Schleip, Inga A1 - Wingate, Lisa A1 - Schnyder, Hans T1 - Temperature-sensitive biochemical 18O-fractionation and humidity-dependent attenuation factor are needed to predict δ18O of cellulose from leaf water in a grassland ecosystem JF - New Phytologist N2 - We explore here our mechanistic understanding of the environmental and physiological processes that determine the oxygen isotope composition of leaf cellulose (δ18Ocellulose) in a drought-prone, temperate grassland ecosystem. A new allocation-and-growth model was designed and added to an 18O-enabled soil–vegetation–atmosphere transfer model (MuSICA) to predict seasonal (April–October) and multi-annual (2007–2012) variation of δ18Ocellulose and 18O-enrichment of leaf cellulose (Δ18Ocellulose) based on the Barbour–Farquhar model. Modelled δ18Ocellulose agreed best with observations when integrated over c. 400 growing-degree-days, similar to the average leaf lifespan observed at the site. Over the integration time, air temperature ranged from 7 to 22°C and midday relative humidity from 47 to 73%. Model agreement with observations of δ18Ocellulose (R2 = 0.57) and Δ18Ocellulose (R2 = 0.74), and their negative relationship with canopy conductance, was improved significantly when both the biochemical 18O-fractionation between water and substrate for cellulose synthesis (εbio, range 26–30‰) was temperature-sensitive, as previously reported for aquatic plants and heterotrophically grown wheat seedlings, and the proportion of oxygen in cellulose reflecting leaf water 18O-enrichment (1 – pexpx, range 0.23–0.63) was dependent on air relative humidity, as observed in independent controlled experiments with grasses. Understanding physiological information in δ18Ocellulose requires quantitative knowledge of climatic effects on pexpx and εbio. KW - canopy conductance KW - grassland KW - isotope-enabled soil–vegetation–atmosphere transfer model (MuSICA) KW - 18O-enrichment of cellulose oxygen isotope composition of cellulose KW - perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) KW - relative humidity KW - temperature Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5700 SN - 0028-646X SN - 1469-8137 VL - 229 IS - 6 SP - 3156 EP - 3171 PB - Wiley ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Aparicio, Hainner A1 - Wallor, Evelyn A1 - Mund, Jan-Peter T1 - High-resolution recording and forecasting of peatlands under forests in northeast Brandenburg (Germany) using remotely sensed data radar data (ALOS-PALSAR and Sentinel 1) T2 - ESA Living Planet Symposium 2022 N2 - High-resolution recording and forecasting of peatlands under forests in northeast Brandenburg (Germany) using remotely sensed data (Radar ALOS-PALSAR and Sentinel 1). Peatlands are important in terms of CO2 storage, water cycling, biochemical cycles, biodiversity, and ecosystem services. Peatlands are constantly altered and damaged due to agriculture and drainage. Thus it is crucial to manage them sustainably. How? First step – locating and quantifying them with geospatial data and remote sensing methods since locating and collecting data in field is highly expensive and arduous in terms of labour and time. Our MAIN RESEARCH QUESTION therefore is: Is it possible to generate a method to record the location of peatlands under forests at high resolution using RS?. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5205 ER - TY - INPR A1 - Esteves de Carvalho, Luiza Marina A1 - Melo, Alessandra A1 - de Matos Umbelino, Glauco José A1 - Mund, Jan-Peter A1 - Gomes dos Santos, Jhonathan A1 - Rosette, Jacqueline A1 - Silveira, Daniel A1 - Gorgens, Eric Bastos T1 - Charcoal heaps volume estimation based on unmanned aerial vehicles T2 - agriRxiv N2 - The charcoal stock in a forest company is controlled based on the theoretical capacity of the masonry ovens (input) and shipped trucks (output). During the year, the company must monitor the stock for the purposes of accountability reports. This study proposes a more efficient and equally precise survey method that overcomes the challenges of the common monitoring system in Brazil. During this study, a new monitoring method based on digital stereoscopy from UAV images was developed, implemented and evaluated. The results were compared with a traditional topographic survey. A masonry oven's complex containing eight charcoal heaps was flown and surveyed using a multi-engine UAV, with an integrated Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and RTK equipment. Two stereoscopic processing methods were applied: (1) very low quality and (2) high quality to image alignment, reconstruction of the dense cloud, face count and in three-dimensional mesh creation. Low quality products showed geometric deformities when compared to high quality, but resulted in similar estimation to the topographic survey. The results indicated that the charcoal heaps' volume estimation using UAV derived orthomosaics can replace the conventional method of GNSS RTK surveys with considerable gains in stockpile volume accuracy, inventory frequency, and safety. In the case of high accuracy parameterization, improvements in geometric precision and accuracy are also produced. KW - unmanned aerial vehicles; accuracy; charcoal; forests; global positioning systems; satellites; trucks Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5226 SN - 2791-1969 N1 - Published here in Journal https://doi.org/10.2989/20702620.2021.1997067 PB - CABI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nölting, Benjamin A1 - König, Bettina A1 - Zimmermann, Anne B. A1 - Di Giulio, Antonietta A1 - Schäfer, Martina A1 - Schneider, Flurina T1 - Dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic: an opportunity to reflect on sustainability research JF - Sustainability Management Forum | NachhaltigkeitsManagementForum N2 - The COVID-19 pandemic has jolted societies out of normality, possibly creating new conditions for sustainability transformations. What does this mean for sustainability research? Because of the scope of the crisis, researchers have been heavily involved: not only have they had to speed up the pace of scientific production to provide urgently needed COVID-19 knowledge, but they have also been affected citizens. For sustainability science, this calls for an experience-based reflection on the positionality and orientation of research aiming to support sustainability transformations. Twenty sustainability researchers discussed their sustainability research on COVID-19 in three workshops based on the following questions: How does the pandemic—and the measures taken to deal with it—affect sustainable development? What can we learn from the pandemic from the perspective of societal transformation? The present discussion paper emerged from this multidisciplinary exchange among sustainability researchers, considering five topics: impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on sustainability transformations; learning for sustainability transformations; the role of solidarity; governance and political steering; and the role of science in society. Our discussions led to a meta-level reflection on what sustainability research can learn from research on COVID-19 regarding topics and disciplinary angles, time dimensions, the role of researchers, and how adequate preparation for both crises and long-term transformations requires interdisciplinary interaction. KW - COVID-19; Corona pandemic; Sustainable development; Sustainability research; Interdisciplinarity; Transformation; Reflection Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5254 SN - 2948-1627 VL - 30 SP - 11 EP - 27 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Riek, Winfried A1 - Russ, Alexander A1 - Ziche, Daniel A1 - Hentschel, Rainer A1 - Brini, Andrea T1 - Prognose zur Entwicklung der Rot-Buche unter veränderten Wasserhaushaltsbedingungen T3 - Eberswalder forstliche Schriftenreihe - 71 Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5276 SP - 104 EP - 128 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Russ, Alexander A1 - Riek, Winfried A1 - Wessolek, Gerd T1 - Mapping of soil carbon stocks using scorpan modelling and relative depth gradients T2 - Pedometrics in an uncertain time and world N2 - Nowadays regional data on forest soil properties are increasingly demanded for various questions concerning forest management practices like tree species selection, liming, harvest intensity or the detection of risk areas. Thus data related to climate change and its site specific drought effects on one hand and current soil nutrient status on the other is especially required to support decision making. Besides soil texture, soil organic carbon is one of the most important key factors controlling soil nutrient status (eg. cation-exchange capacity) and soil water storage (e.g. field capacity) in the glacial deposits of north eastern lowlands. In contrast to soil texture, which can be considered as stable over periods relevant to practical forest management, for mapping soil organic carbon and its distribution throughout the soil profile a more dynamic regionalization approach considering contemporary measurements is needed. For this purpose, data on contemporary soil organic carbon stocks is taken from the second National Forest Soil Inventory and additional regional sampling points in Brandenburg (Germany). Potential covariates representing the soil forming factors: parent material, organisms (vegetation), age, relief and climate are obtained with high spatial resolution from forest site mapping, forest inventory, digital terrain analysis and climate models. The proposed regionalization approach captures the concepts of SCORPAN modelling and depth functions. While for estimation of carbon stocks in the entire soil solum stepwise regression analysis and geostatistical techniques are involved, the methodology to derive and map relative depth functions is based on cluster analysis and classification tree approach. The intended benefits by splitting regionalisation into plot level and relative vertical depth gradients are to ensure consistency of solum stocks and single soil depths and to avoid the construction of artificial depth gradients. Furthermore, the procedure allows a straightforward interpretation of covariates in the sense of pedogenetic processes, which: (a) supports variable selection and exclusion of spurious covariates during model development and (b) may provide direct decision support regarding environmental and management effects on soil organic carbon. The obtained statistical models contain covariates related to all five soil forming factors. But, the conducted analyses especially point towards high influences of depth to groundwater table and mean slope of catchment area on soil organic carbon storage. Invoking geostatistical techniques shows no remaining variation, to be explained by spatial position and thus don’t improve overall model performance. Cluster analysis of relative depth gradients results in five Clusters of acceptable heterogeneity. The highest differences between the clusters are observed across the portions of carbon stored in the forest floor. Relative depth gradients are especially distinguished by tree species composition and stand age. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5286 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Riek, Winfried A1 - Russ, Alexander ED - Ministerium für Landwirtschaft, Umwelt und Klimaschutz des Landes Brandenburg; Landesbetrieb Forst Brandenburg, T1 - Zustand der Waldböden im Land Brandenburg : Praxisempfehlungen für die nachhaltige und bodenpflegliche Bewirtschaftung der Wälder Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5294 UR - https://forst.brandenburg.de/sixcms/media.php/9/Waldboden_Broschuere.pdf ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jochheim, Hubert A1 - Lüttschwager, Dietmar A1 - Riek, Winfried T1 - Stem distance as an explanatory variable for the spatial distribution and chemical conditions of stand precipitation and soil solution under beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees JF - Journal of Hydrology N2 - The partitioning of bulk precipitation (PR) in forest ecosystems and its chemical composition depends on both meteorological factors, such as precipitation amount and intensity, evaporation rate, and wind speed, and stand structural factors, such as stand density, canopy structure, bark texture, and spatiotemporal distribution and density of foliage. We analysed fluxes of water and element contained therein of a mature European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forest stand on sandy soils in northeastern Germany. We applied a radially symmetrical setup within a stem distance gradient to measure stand precipitation (SP) with its components of throughfall (TF) and stemflow (SF), as well as to measure soil moisture, the chemical composition of the soil solution, the soil chemistry, and the fine root distribution. The chemical analysis of the constituents covered the macroelements (Ca, Mg, K, Na, Al, Fe, Mn, Si, S, P), the cations and anions NH4+, NO3–, Cl-, SO42-, and a few heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn). With an average PR of 620 mm a-1, the partitioning resulted in 79% TF, 6% SF, and 15% canopy interception. TF volume increased with distance to stem during summer, but decreased during winter. Clear spatial gradients with increasing concentrations from PR, to different classes of TF as the distance from the trunk decreased, to SF were observed for nearly all elements. The contact of precipitation with leaves and the canopy structures alters the chemical composition of TF and SF by transferring elements from dry deposition or leaching of intracellular materials from the canopy and leads to the input of larger amounts of macroelements and heavy metals with the SP into the soil. Spatial patterns of canopy structures thus affect the spatial variation of TF and its constituents, which also affects the spatial distribution of roots and, at least in phases, the chemical composition of the topsoil solution. KW - Throughfall; Stemflow; Soil solution; Stem distance; Element flux; Fagus; sylvatica Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5306 SN - 0022-1694 SN - 1879-2707 IS - 608 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ziche, Daniel A1 - Grüneberg, Erik A1 - Riek, Winfried A1 - Wellbrock, Nicole ED - Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, T1 - Vergleich der Daten der LUCAS 2015-Inventur und der zweiten Bodenzustandserhebung im Wald : Untersuchungen zur Vergleichbarkeit und Repräsentanz zweier bodenkundlicher Inventuren in Deutschland T2 - Thünen Report; 94 N2 - Die Produktivität von Waldökosystemen wird durch die Bereitstellung von Nährstoffen und Wasser gewährleistet. Somit ist das Wissen über die chemischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften der Böden essentiell sowohl zur Beurteilung des Bodenzustands als auch der Güte des Waldstandorts. Hierfür können Daten aus zwei bundesweiten Bodenzustandserhebung im Wald (BZE-Wald) von über 1.800 Probepunkten eines 8 x 8 km-Grundrasters herangezogen werden. Die Erhebungen fanden zwischen 1986 bis 1994 (BZE I-Wald) und 2006 bis 2008 (BZE II-Wald) nach einheitlichem Aufnahmeverfahren statt. Das LUCAS-Projekts zielt auf die Erstellung eines harmonisierten Datensatz zur Landbedeckung und Landnutzung innerhalb der Europäischen Union (EU). Das Europäische Datenzentrum (ESDAC) stellt 265.000 georeferenzierte Punkte auf einem 2 x 2 km-Raster bereit, die jeweils in den Jahren 2009 und 2015 an 10 % der Punkte am gleichen Standort beprobt wurden. Angesichts von zwei parallellaufender Bodeninventuren stellt sich die Frage einer potentiellen Verknüpfung miteinander. In dieser Studie werden die LUCAS-Bodendaten der Inventur des Jahres 2015 mit den entsprechenden bundesweiten BZE-Daten verglichen und auf ihre Repräsentativität überprüft. Um eine flächengewichtete Hochrechnung für Deutschland zu ermöglichen, erfolgte eine Zordnung der Inventurpunkte des LUCAS-Programms anhand ihrer Koordinaten zu den bei der bundesweiten BZE-Auswertung verwendeten 16 BZE-Substratklassen. Alle Klassen wurden hinsichtlich signifikanter und systematischer Unterschiede zwischen beiden Inventuren überprüft. Darüber hinaus wurden die BZE-Daten dahingehend evaluiert, inwieweit die ausschließlich im LUCAS Programm verwendete Tiefenstufe 0-20 cm im Vergleich zum Mineralboden bis in 90 cm Tiefe und der Humusauflage bei der Berechnung von Vorräten zukommt. Der Vergleich der bodenchemischen Kennwerte ergab deutliche Unterschiede zwischen den Inventuren. Sowohl die pH(H2O)-Werte als auch die C/N-Verhältnisse waren bei LUCAS 2015 niedriger, die Konzentrationen von C und N jedoch höher als bei der BZE II. Die Vorräte an Kohlenstoff und Sticksoff weisen noch größere Abweichungen gegenüber der BZE II aufgrund der Unsicherheiten bei der Ableitung von Trockenrohdichten aus Kartenmaterial auf. Im Gegensatz dazu erfolgte durch die BZE II eine volumenbezogene Beprobung an fast allen Standorten. Eine Ableitung von Trockenrohdichten aus Kartenmaterial führt bei der LUCAS-Inventur zu einer hohen Unsicherheit der Ergebnisse und zu einer Überschätzung von Vorratsänderungen. Die höheren Kohlenstoff- und Stickstoffkonzentrationen bei der LUCAS-Inventur könnte an einer unzureichend genauen Trennung der organischen Auflage vom Mineralboden liegen, da dieser durch Bestandteile der Auflage aufkonzentriert würde. Während der Erhebung der BZE-Wald wurde explizit auf die systematische Trennung beider Kompartimente geachtet. Weiterhin steht die Anzahl der beprobten LUCAS-Waldpunkte im Missverhältnis zur Waldfläche, da in Nord- und Süddeutschland zu wenig Probepunkte vorkamen. Allerdings sind die Waldanteile der LUCAS-Gesamtinventur mit denen der dritten Bundeswaldinventur vergleichbar. Die Stichprobengröße von LUCAS 2015 umfasst etwa 25 % der BZE II-Stichprobe. Hierdurch sind einige Substrattypen nur unzureichend belegt, weshalb zum einen wesentliche Bodeneigenschaften unberücksichtigt blieben und andererseits eine flächengewichtete Hochrechnung erschwert werden würde. Infolge der geringeren Stichprobe weichen die bodenchemischen Kennwerte der einzelnen Substratgruppen zwischen den Messnetzen ab. Außerdem erhöhen sich die Unsicherheiten durch die Reduzierung der Stichprobe. Somit ließen sich Bodenveränderungen bei einer Wiederholungsinventur schwerer detektieren. Die Daten aus den Bodeninventuren sind für die Treibhausgasberichterstattung relevant, da Kohlenstoffvorräten für die organische Auflage und für den Mineralboden bis zu einer Tiefe von mindestens 30 cm zu berichten sind. Im Mittel werden nach den Daten der BZE II 16 % des bis 90 cm Tiefe vorkommenden Kohlenstoffs in der Auflage gespeichert, wobei diese mit der LUCAS-Inventur nicht beprobt wurde. Der in der organischen Auflage gebundene Kohlenstoff ist vulnerabel gegenüber Klima- und Umwelteinflüssen, so dass eine Auswertung diesbezüglich nicht möglich ist. Weiterhin wurde bei LUCAS 2015 nur die oberen 20 cm des Mineralbodens beprobt und damit lediglich 42 % des bei der BZE II abgeschätzten Kohlenstoffs erfasst. Durch das Fehlen der Auflage und die geringere Tiefe sind die Daten aus LUCAS 2015 nur eingeschränkt für die Treibhausgasberichterstattung nutzbar. Aufgrund einer geringeren Repräsentativität sowie größeren Unsicherheiten und Diskrepanzen von LUCAS 2015 gegenüber der BZE im Wald würde eine Vereinigung beider Datensätze keine zusätzlichen Synergien erzeugen. N2 - The productivity of forest ecosystems depends on the supply of both nutrients and water by soils. Therefore, the knowledge of the chemical and physical soil properties is crucial for assessing the soil condition as well as the quality of forest sites. For this purpose, data are available from two nationwide Forest Soil Inventories (NFSI) on more than 1,800 sample plots of an 8 x 8 km grid. The inventories were conducted between 1986 and 1994 (NFSI I) and 2006 and 2009 (NFSI II) in accordance with harmonized surveying techniques. The LUCAS Project aims at the development of a harmonized dataset on land cover and land use within the European Union (EU). Approximately 265.000 georeferenced plots on a 2 x 2 km grid were available from the European Soil Data Centre (ESDAC). Soil samples were taken in 2009 and in 2015 at approximately 10 % of these plots at the same locations. Considering two almost parallel running soil inventories, questions have arisen to their potential links to one another. In this study, the LUCAS soil data from the 2015 inventory were compared with the corresponding NFSI II data and reviewed under the aspect of representativeness. In order to enable an area weighted estimation for Germany the plots of the LUCAS program were attributed to the same 16 soil parent material groups used in the German NFSI data using geographical coordinates. All classes were tested for significant and systematic differences between the inventories. To quantify C stocks, it is important to compare the depth level 0-20 cm of the LUCAS program to Germanies NFSI sampling scheme, where data available for the organic layer and the mineral soil down to 90 cm. The comparison of various chemical soil parameters showed clear differences between the inventories. The pH(H2O) and the C/N ratio derived from LUCAS 2015 was lower while carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations were higher compared to the NFSI II. The C and N stocks deviate even more from the NFSI II due to uncertainties in the estimation of bulk densities derived from maps. By contrast Germany’s NFSI, were volume-based sampling was obligatory for almost all plots. As a result, fine earth stock estimates from map derived bulk densities could result in highly uncertain and overestimated stocks change rates. Higher C and N concentrations of the LUCAS inventory could be attributed to an insufficient separation of the organic layer from the mineral soil because if the separation is not practiced carefully, residues of the organic layer can contaminate the mineral soil sample and cause significant higher concentrations. The soil sampling of the NFSI focused explicitly of the systematic separation of both compartments. The number of the sampled forest plots of LUCAS 2015 showed a lack of representativeness because in the northern and southern parts of Germany an insufficient number of plots were sampled. Nevertheless, the proportion of the forest area of the total LUCAS inventory is comparable with Germany’s Third National Forest Inventory. The selected LUCAS 2015 samples comprise 25 % of the NFSI II plots which results in an insufficient coverage of various soil groups. This means that soil properties remain unconsidered and that the area-weighted extrapolation could become more difficult. Chemical soil parameter within in individual substrate groups differed between the sampling grids due to the smaller sample of LUCAS 2015 compared to the NFSI II. Moreover, the reduction of sampling plots results in an increase of uncertainties. Thus, the detection of changes in soil conditions could be more difficult in respect to repeated sampling. Soil inventory data are of importance in greenhouse gas reporting because C stocks the organic layer and the mineral soil down to 90 cm must be reported. The analysis of the NFSI II revealed that the organic layer comprises 16 % of the C stored in the entire soil profile. The organic layer was not sampled in the LUCAS inventory. Nevertheless, changes in C stored in the organic layer is vulnerable to impacts of climate and other environmental and anthropogenic variables but the effects cannot be considered with LUCAS 2015. Due to the LUCAS 2015 mineral soil sampling depth down to 20 cm only 42 % of the stored C was detected in the entire soil profile. Therefore, data based on LUCAS 2015 are insufficiently qualified for the greenhouse gas reporting due to the lack of a sampled organic layer and the limitation to the sampling depth of 20 cm. Compared to Germany’s NFSI, the results based on the LUCAS inventory revealed a smaller representativity and were associated with larger uncertainties as well as discrepancies. Consequently, the union of both data sets will not result in additional synergies. T2 - Comparison of the LUCAS 2015 inventory with the second National Forest Soil Inventory : Comparability and representativeness of two soil inventories conducted in Germany KW - Boden; Wald; Inventur; Probenahme; Karten; Konzentrationen; Vorräte; Kohlenstoff; Stickstoff; pH-Wert; Trockenrohdichte; Unsicherheiten; Harmonisierung; Repräsentativität KW - Soil; Forest; Monitoring; Inventory; Sampling; Mapping; Stocks; Concentrations; Carbon; Nitrogen; pH-Value; Bulk density; Uncertainties; Representativity; Harmonisation Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5314 UR - https://literatur.thuenen.de/digbib_extern/dn064841.pdf SN - 978-3-86576-239-9 SN - 2196-2324 PB - Thünen-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Ländliche Räume, Wald und Fischerei ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Winkler, Christoph A1 - Schwarz, Ulrich A1 - Senge, Bernhard T1 - Materialwissenschaftliche Analyse des Abbindeverhaltens von Holzklebstoffen am Beispiel von 1K-PUR JF - Chemie Ingenieur Technik N2 - Das Abbinden von Holzklebstoffen wird bisher anhand von Parametern bewertet, die kaum eine prozesstechnische Optimierung ermöglichen. Mithilfe von Oszillationsmessungen und einem an dem Klebeprozess angepassten Versuchsaufbau kann dieser jedoch detailliert erfasst werden. Am Beispiel durchgeführter Timesweep-Messungen kann der Klebeprozess in charakteristische Bereiche molekularer und struktureller Abläufe eingeteilt werden. Diese Methode wird anhand eines Polyurethan-Prepolymers zum Fügen von Holzwerkstoffen dargestellt und analysiert. KW - Holz; Kinetik; Polyurethan; Rheologie; Strukturentwicklung Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5323 SN - 0009-286X SN - 1522-2640 VL - 92 IS - 6 SP - 759 EP - 768 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Raab, Christoph A1 - Spies, Michael T1 - Characterising cropland fragmentation in post-Soviet Central Asia, using Landsat remote-sensing time series data JF - Applied Geography N2 - Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, agricultural reforms in Central Asia often translated into the fragmentation of large fields into smaller shares. Most remote-sensing-based land use classification approaches are categorical in nature, and thus they are unable to capture these changes. We have developed an approach to detecting the timing of land fragmentation based on textural information from a time series of Landsat images for four Central Asian countries (Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan) between 1990 and 2019. Our results showed that detected fragmentation events correspond well with documented agrarian reform processes in the different countries, and validation yielded maximum overall accuracies between 67 and 73%. In a case study of a former collective farm in Kyrgyzstan, we demonstrate how our method can accurately detect changes on the local scale. Texture time series data have great potential for analysing the trajectories of cropland fragmentation, in particular in regions where additional information on land use is limited. Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5362 SN - 0143-6228 SN - 1873-7730 IS - 156 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Groh, Jannis A1 - Diamantopoulos, Efstathios A1 - Duan, Xiaohong A1 - Ewert, Frank A1 - Heinlein, Florian A1 - Herbst, Michael A1 - Holbak, Maja A1 - Kamali, Bahareh A1 - Kersebaum, Kurt-Christian A1 - Kuhnert, Matthias A1 - Nendel, Claas A1 - Priesack, Eckart A1 - Steidl, Jörg A1 - Sommer, Michael A1 - Pütz, Thomas A1 - Vanderborght, Jan A1 - Vereecken, Harry A1 - Wallor, Evelyn A1 - Weber, Tobias K. D. A1 - Wegehenkel, Martin A1 - Weihermüller, Lutz A1 - Gerke, Horst H. T1 - Same soil, different climate: Crop model intercomparison on translocated lysimeters JF - Vadose Zone Journal N2 - Crop model intercomparison studies have mostly focused on the assessment of predictive capabilities for crop development using weather and basic soil data from the same location. Still challenging is the model performance when considering complex interrelations between soil and crop dynamics under a changing climate. The objective of this study was to test the agronomic crop and environmental flux-related performance of a set of crop models. The aim was to predict weighing lysimeter-based crop (i.e., agronomic) and water-related flux or state data (i.e., environmental) obtained for the same soil monoliths that were taken from their original environment and translocated to regions with different climatic conditions, after model calibration at the original site. Eleven models were deployed in the study. The lysimeter data (2014–2018) were from the Dedelow (Dd), Bad Lauchstädt (BL), and Selhausen (Se) sites of the TERENO (TERrestrial ENvironmental Observatories) SOILCan network. Soil monoliths from Dd were transferred to the drier and warmer BL site and the wetter and warmer Se site, which allowed a comparison of similar soil and crop under varying climatic conditions. The model parameters were calibrated using an identical set of crop- and soil-related data from Dd. Environmental fluxes and crop growth of Dd soil were predicted for conditions at BL and Se sites using the calibrated models. The comparison of predicted and measured data of Dd lysimeters at BL and Se revealed differences among models. At site BL, the crop models predicted agronomic and environmental components similarly well. Model performance values indicate that the environmental components at site Se were better predicted than agronomic ones. The multi-model mean was for most observations the better predictor compared with those of individual models. For Se site conditions, crop models failed to predict site-specific crop development indicating that climatic conditions (i.e., heat stress) were outside the range of variation in the data sets considered for model calibration. For improving predictive ability of crop models (i.e., productivity and fluxes), more attention should be paid to soil-related data (i.e., water fluxes and system states) when simulating soil–crop–climate interrelations in changing climatic conditions. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5395 SN - 1539-1663 VL - 21 IS - 4 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steckel, M. A1 - del Río, M. A1 - Heym, M. A1 - Aldea, J. A1 - Bielak, K. A1 - Brazaitis, G. A1 - Černý, J. A1 - Coll, L. A1 - Collet, C. A1 - Ehbrecht, M. A1 - Jansons, A. A1 - Nothdurft, A. A1 - Pach, M. A1 - Pardos, M. A1 - Ponette, Q. A1 - Reventlow, D.O.J. A1 - Sitko, R. A1 - Svoboda, M. A1 - Vallet, P. A1 - Wolff, B. A1 - Pretzsch, H. T1 - Species mixing reduces drought susceptibility of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and oak (Quercus robur L., Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) – Site water supply and fertility modify the mixing effect JF - Forest Ecology and Management N2 - Tree species mixing has been widely promoted as a promising silvicultural tool for reducing drought stress. However, so far only a limited number of species combinations have been studied in detail, revealing inconsistent results. In this study, we analysed the effect of mixing Scots pine and oak (pedunculate oak and sessile oak) trees on their drought response along a comprehensive ecological gradient across Europe. The objective was to improve our knowledge of general drought response patterns of two fundamental European tree species in mixed versus monospecific stands. We focused on three null hypotheses: () tree drought response does not differ between Scots pine and oak, () tree drought response of Scots pine and oak is not affected by stand composition (mixture versus monoculture) and () tree drought response of Scots pine and oak in mixtures and monocultures is not modified by tree size or site conditions. To test the hypotheses, we analysed increment cores of Scots pine and oak, sampled in mixed and monospecific stands, covering a wide range of site conditions. We investigated resistance (the ability to maintain growth levels during drought), recovery (the ability to restore a level of growth after drought) and resilience (the capacity to recover to pre-drought growth levels), involving site-specific drought events that occurred between 1976 and 2015. In monocultures, oak showed a higher resistance and resilience than Scots pine, while recovery was lower. Scots pine in mixed stands exhibited a higher resistance, but also a lower recovery compared with Scots pine in monocultures. Mixing increased the resistance and resilience of oak. Ecological factors such as tree size, site water supply and site fertility were found to have significant effects on the drought response. In the case of Scots pine, resistance was increased by tree size, while recovery was lowered. Resistance of oak increased with site water supply. The observed mixing effect on the tree drought response of Scots pine and oak was in some cases modified by the site conditions studied. Positive mixing effects in terms of resistance and resilience of oak increased with site water supply, while the opposite was found regarding recovery. In contrast, site fertility lessened the positive mixing effect on the resistance of Scots pine. We hypothesise that the observed positive mixing effects under drought mainly result from water- and/or light-related species interactions that improve resource availability and uptake according to temporal and spatial variations in environmental conditions. KW - Complementarity KW - Drought stress KW - Ecological gradient KW - Facilitation KW - Recovery KW - Resilience KW - Resistance KW - SPEI Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5761 SN - 0378-1127 VL - 461 PB - Elsevier ER -