TY - CHAP A1 - Wozniak, Martin A1 - Wulf, Fabian A1 - Munier, Leo Felix A1 - Mund, Axel A1 - Pfriem, Alexander ED - Wagenführ, Andrè T1 - Reduce, Reuse, Recycle im Möbelsektor T2 - Tagungsband des 20. Holztechnologischen Kolloquiums Dresden 28.-29. April 2022 N2 - Aufgrund von Rohstoffknappheit auch bei nachwachsenden Rohstoffen kann das Recyceln von Holz und Holzwerkstoffen auch im Möbelsektor nur an vorletzter Stelle, vor der thermischen Verwertung, stehen. Davor gilt es, schon bei der Produktion den Materialeinsatz zu reduzieren bzw. Möbel so zu gestalten, dass eine verlängerte Nutzung möglich ist. Insgesamt muss die Produktnutzung intensiviert werden. Dafür sind unter anderem geeignete Businessmodelle erforderlich. Hiermit beschäftigt sich das Projekt PERMA an der HNEE. Wird Holz dann zum Altholz, muss die Nachnutzungsquote deutlich erhöht werden. Mit der Identifizierung und Indexierung von Altholz befasst sich daher das Kooperations-projekt WIn-Altholz. Sind allerdings Holzspan- und Holzfaserwerkstoffe beschä-digt oder werden nicht mehr benötigt, gibt es bisher keine sinnvollen Nachnut-zungsszenarien. Das Forschungsprojekt „Respan“ will nun ein Recyclingverfahren entwickeln, dass die Nachnutzung möglichst aller Bestandteile der Werkstoffe realisiert. KW - Holzwerkstoff KW - Kreislaufwirtschaft KW - Möbel KW - Recycling KW - Ressourceneffizienz Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2760 SN - 978-3-86780-705-0 SP - 79 EP - 87 PB - Selbstverlag TU Dresden CY - Dresden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lauterbach, Josephine A1 - Bantle, Christina T1 - “For More Diversity, Better Taste and My Own Health” Exploring Organic Consumers’ Purchasing Motives for Heirloom Vegetable Varieties JF - Sustainability N2 - Agrobiodiversity is the foundation of our ecosystems and food supply. However, agrobiodiversity is declining rapidly. A prominent strategy to safeguard endangered varieties, an important component of agrobiodiversity, is their cultivation and preservation in their natural environments. In order to make the cultivation of these varieties attractive to farmers, a functioning value chain and communication concepts for these goods have to be developed. Using heirloom vegetable varieties as an example, we examine existing communication approaches for endangered varieties and evaluate their suitability to transport their added value to organic consumers. We furthermore examine organic consumers’ purchasing motives to buy heirloom vegetable varieties. We collected data in three focus group discussions in Berlin (Germany) in 2018. This exploratory study shows that existing communication approaches for heirloom vegetable varieties strongly appeal to altruistic and biospheric purchasing motives. However, our results suggest that egoistic and hedonic purchasing motives are just as important to organic consumers. Hence, existing communication approaches for heirloom vegetable varieties, including the “Red List of Endangered Local Crops”, are not entirely suitable to communicate the added value of biodiversity-enhancing products to consumers. Based on these results, we will develop a holistic communication scheme for heirloom vegetable varieties for organic supermarkets and further distribution channels in Germany. KW - communication KW - agrobiodiversity KW - heirloom vegetable varieties KW - red list KW - focus groups Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2992 SN - 2071-1050 IS - 14(7) PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nosenko, Tetyana A1 - Hanke-Uhe, Manuel A1 - Heine, Philip Alexander A1 - Shahid, Afsheen A1 - Dübel, Stefan A1 - Rennenberg, Heinz A1 - Schumacher, Jörg A1 - Winkler, Jana Barbro A1 - Schnitzler, Jörg-Peter A1 - Hänsch, Robert A1 - Kaufholdt, David T1 - Plant Defense Proteins as Potential Markers for Early Detection of Forest Damage and Diseases JF - Frontiers in Forests and Global Change N2 - Over the last two decades, European forest ecosystems have been exposed to increasing stress associated with an increasing number, duration and severity of extreme events triggered by climate change (Dyderski et al., 2018). For forest plants, the concomitant stresses are not limited to direct detrimental effects of rising temperatures, drought and heavy rainfall, but also include enhanced virulence of native plant pathogens and herbivores and the introduction of new pests (Stenlid and Oliva, 2016). The detection of forest diseases at an early stage, when visible symptoms cannot yet be observed, is a crucial prerequisite to counteract regional spreading of pathogens. However, the effective monitoring of forest damage and diseases requires reliable and easy-to-use portable test systems. KW - Forest disease diagnostic KW - Molecular markers KW - Antimicrobial peptides KW - Defensins KW - Plant defense Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2587 SN - 2624-893X VL - 4 PB - Frontiers ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anees, Mangalasseril Mohammad A1 - Mann, Deepika A1 - Sharma, Mani A1 - Banzhaf, Ellen A1 - Joshi, Pawan K T1 - Assessment of Urban Dynamics to Understand Spatiotemporal Differentiation at Various Scales Using Remote Sensing and Geospatial Tools JF - Remote Sensing N2 - Analysis of urban dynamics is a pivotal step towards understanding landscape changes and developing scientifically sound urban management strategies. Delineating the patterns and processes shaping the evolution of urban regions is an essential part of this step. Utilizing remote-sensing techniques and Geographic Information System (GIS) tools, we performed an integrated analysis on urban expansion in Srinagar city and surrounding areas from 1999 to 2017 at multiple scales in order to assist urban planning initiatives. To capture various spatial indicators of expansion, we analysed (i) land use/land cover (LULC) changes, (ii) rate and intensity of changes to built-up areas, (iii) spatial differentiation in landscape metrics (at 500, 1000 and 2000 m cell-size), and (iv) growth type of the urban expansion. Global Moran’s I statistics and local indicators of spatial association (LISA) were also employed to identify hotspots of change in landscape structure. Our methodology utilizes a range of geovisualization tools which are capable of appropriately addressing various elements required for strategic planning in growing cities. The results highlight aggregation and homogenization of the urban core as well as irregularity and fragmentation in its periphery. A combination of spatial metrics and growth type analysis supports the supposition that there is a continuum in the diffusion-coalescence process. This allows us to extend our understanding of urban growth theory and to report deviations from accepted stages of growth. As our results show, each dominating growth phase of the city—both diffusion (1999) and coalescence (2009 and 2017)—is interspersed with features from the other type. An improved understanding of spatial differentiation and the identification of hotspots can serve to make urban planning more tailored to such local conditions. An important insight derived from the results is the applicability of remote-sensing data in urban planning measures and the usefulness of freely available medium resolution data in gaining a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of cities. KW - landscape metrics KW - growth type KW - spatio-autocorrelation KW - urban growth theory KW - Srinagar KW - Himalaya Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3368 SN - 2072-4292 VL - 12 IS - 8 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Luo, Anran A1 - Zuberi, Mehwish A1 - Liu, Jiayu A1 - Perrone, Miranda A1 - Schnepf, Simone A1 - Leipold, Sina T1 - Why common interests and collective action are not enough for environmental cooperation – Lessons from the China-EU cooperation discourse on circular economy JF - Global Environmental Change N2 - Scholars have argued that circular economy (CE) must be upscaled and globalized to address excessive resource extraction and waste generation. Many CE practitioners consider the first international CE agreement between China and the EU a milestone towards such an effort. This analysis shows why this expectation is premature. European and Chinese stakeholders’ optimistic and depoliticized CE narratives disable communication regarding development disparities, negative competition and distrust, which shape geopolitical rivalry. While skeptical narratives that address political barriers exist, they fall short of suggesting alternatives. Based on 72 stakeholder interviews, 40 documents and participant observation, these results highlight the critical importance of investigating narrative strategies to repoliticize environmental cooperation. Such narrative strategies would support contestation and negotiation on development disparities and open channels for joint conceptualization of implementation scales for environmental strategies, circular or otherwise. We therefore propose using constructivist perspectives of international relations to explore discursive barriers and enablers to global environmental action. KW - Development KW - Trust KW - Circular economy KW - China KW - EU KW - International trade KW - Environmental cooperation Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2554 VL - 71 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Primmer, Eeva A1 - Varumo, Liisa A1 - Krause, Torsten A1 - Orsi, Francesco A1 - Geneletti, Davide A1 - Brogaard, Sara A1 - Aukes, Ewert A1 - Ciolli, Marco A1 - Grossmann, Carol A1 - Hernández-Morcillo, Mónica A1 - Kister, Jutta A1 - Kluvánková, Tatiana A1 - Loft, Lasse A1 - Maier, Carolin A1 - Meyer, Claas A1 - Schleyer, Christian A1 - Spacek, Martin A1 - Mann, Carsten T1 - Mapping Europe’s institutional landscape for forest ecosystem service provision, innovations and governance JF - Ecosystem Services N2 - There has been a strong quest for mapping and assessing ecosystem services (ES) to support governance. Yet, the institutional landscape that governs ES provision across multiple contexts has received less attention. We fill this research gap by developing and operationalising a framework for the analysis of policy documents that address European forest ES provision. By coding and analysing references to forest ES as well as innovations and governance mechanisms addressing these ES in national strategies on forest, biodiversity and bioeconomy, we map the institutional landscape of forest ES provision in Europe. We further analyse how biophysical supply of forest ES is connected to policies paying attention to ES and identifying innovations and governance for their provision. Innovations identified in policies centre around value chains of wood and bioenergy or biodiversity conservation, while non-wood forest products, cultural heritage, and recreation receive little attention. Biophysical supply of provisioning ES is connected to policies emphasising many innovations, while little supply of regulating ES could trigger service innovations and several new governance mechanisms. As forest ecosystems have received much attention in global, European and national sustainability policies, our institutional mapping illustrates that there is room for more use of innovations in promoting ES provision. KW - Institutional landscape KW - Forest ecosystem services KW - Ecosystem services governance KW - Document analysis KW - Innovations KW - Policy analysis Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2597 SN - 2212-0416 VL - 47 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Halwani, Mosab A1 - Reckling, Moritz A1 - Egamberdieva, Dilfuza A1 - Omari, Richard Ansong A1 - Bellingrath-Kimura, Sonoko Dorothea A1 - Bachinger, Johann A1 - Bloch, Ralf T1 - Soybean Nodulation Response to Cropping Interval and Inoculation in European Cropping Systems JF - Frontiers in Plant Science N2 - To support the adaption of soybean [Glycine max (L) Merrill] cultivation across Central Europe, the availability of compatible soybean nodulating Bradyrhizobia (SNB) is essential. Little is known about the symbiotic potential of indigenous SNB in Central Europe and the interaction with an SNB inoculum from commercial products. The objective of this study was to quantify the capacity of indigenous and inoculated SNB strains on the symbiotic performance of soybean in a pot experiment, using soils with and without soybean history. Under controlled conditions in a growth chamber, the study focused on two main factors: a soybean cropping interval (time since the last soybean cultivation; SCI) and inoculation with commercial Bradyrhizobia strains. Comparing the two types of soil, without soybean history and with 1–4 years SCI, we found out that plants grown in soil with soybean history and without inoculation had significantly more root nodules and higher nitrogen content in the plant tissue. These parameters, along with the leghemoglobin content, were found to be a variable among soils with 1–4 years SCI and did not show a trend over the years. Inoculation in soil without soybean history showed a significant increase in a nodulation rate, leghemoglobin content, and soybean tissue nitrogen concentration. The study found that response to inoculation varied significantly as per locations in soil with previous soybean cultivation history. An inoculated soybean grown on loamy sandy soils from the location Müncheberg had significantly more nodules as well as higher green tissue nitrogen concentration compared with non-inoculated plants. No significant improvement in a nodulation rate and tissue nitrogen concentration was observed for an inoculated soybean grown on loamy sandy soils from the location Fehrow. These results suggest that introduced SNB strains remained viable in the soil and were still symbiotically competent for up to 4 years after soybean cultivation. However, the symbiotic performance of the SNB remaining in the soils was not sufficient in all cases and makes inoculation with commercial products necessary. The SNB strains found in the soil of Central Europe could also be promising candidates for the development of inoculants and already represent a contribution to the successful cultivation of soybeans in Central Europe. KW - soybean KW - Bradyrhizobia KW - cropping interval KW - inoculation KW - nodulation KW - Central Europe Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2576 SN - 1664-462X VL - 12 PB - Frontiers Media S.A. ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Brözel, Claudia T1 - Impulse für eine gelingende Kooperation zur Verbesserung der Verfügbarkeit glaubwürdiger Informationen zu nachhaltigen Angeboten im Tourismus aus der Pespektive der Stakeholder und der Intention Behaviour Gap - Mittels einer systemischen Visualisierung N2 - Im Rahmen der Dokumentation einer systemischen Aufstellung werden die Beziehungen zwischen den Elementen Plattformen und Zertifizierern sowie zwischen Anbietern in der touristischen Wertschöpfungskette und der Intention-Behaviour-Gap visualisiert. Durch die dadurch sichtbar werdenden Bedürfnisse, Risiken und Chancen lassen sich Rahmenbedingungen für gelingende Kooperationen ableiten. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2682 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bender, Tobias A1 - Munk, Christoph A1 - Damay, Jérémie A1 - Jousserand, Michael A1 - Gérardin, Philippe A1 - Pfriem, Alexander T1 - The Effect of Thermal Treatment of Sycamore Maple (Acer Pseudoplatanus L.) prior to Impregnation with Furfuryl Alcohol, regarding Homogeneity and Swelling Behaviour T2 - 18th Annual Meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering, 21-22 September 2022, Göttingen, Germany N2 - Impregnation of wood with certain chemical compounds is a well established method to improve its physical and mechanical properties. However, the result is often not quite homogeneous. This study examines the effect of two varying thermal treatments on the impregnability of sycamore maple (Acer Pseudoplatanus L.) with furfuryl alcohol (FA), and on the resulting Anti-Swelling-Efficiency (ASE). KW - TMT, Furfuryl Alcohol, ASE, Maple, impregnability Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3597 SP - 1 EP - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berendt, Ferréol A1 - de Miguel-Diez, Felipe A1 - Wallor, Evelyn A1 - Blasko, Lubomir A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - Comparison of different approaches to estimate bark volume of industrial wood at disc and log scale JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Within the wood supply chain, the measurement of roundwood plays a key role due to its high economic impact. While wood industry mainly processes the solid wood, the bark mostly remains as an industrial by-product. In Central Europe, it is common that the wood is sold over bark but that the price is calculated on a timber volume under bark. However, logs are often measured as stacks and, thus, the volume includes not only the solid wood content but also the bark portion. Mostly, the deduction factors used to estimate the solid wood content are based on bark thickness. The aim of this study was to compare the estimation of bark volume from scaling formulae with the real bark volume, obtained by xylometric technique. Moreover, the measurements were performed using logs under practice conditions and using discs under laboratory conditions. The mean bark volume was 6.9 dm3 and 26.4 cm3 for the Norway spruce logs and the Scots pine discs respectively. Whereas the results showed good performances regarding the root mean square error, the coefficient of determination (R2) and the mean absolute error for the volume estimation of the total volume of discs and logs (over bark), the performances were much lower for the bark volume estimations only. KW - Environmental sciences; Physics Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-1987 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 11 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berendt, Ferréol A1 - Wolfgramm, Felix A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - Reliability of photo-optical measurements of log stack gross volume JF - Silva Fennica N2 - In terms of assessing economic impact, one of the most important elements in the wood supply chain is the measurement of round wood. Besides the one-by-one measurement of logs, logs are often measured when stacked at the forest road. The gross stacked volume includes the volume of the wood, bark and airspace and is widely used for industrial wood assortments. The increasing international attention given to photo-optical measurement systems for portable devices is due to their simplicity of use and efficiency. The aim of this study was to compare the gross volumes of hardwood log stacks measured using one widespread photo-optical app with two manual section-wise volume estimations of log stacks based on the German framework agreement for timber trade (RVR). The manual volume estimations were done starting from the left (RVRleft) and right (RVRright) sides of the log stacks. The results showed an average deviation of the photo-optical gross volume estimation in comparison to the manual estimation of –2.09% (RVRleft) and –3.66% (RVRright) while the deviation between RVRleft and RVRright was +2.54%. However, the log stack gross volume had a highly significant effect on the deviation and better accuracy with smaller deviation were reached for larger log stacks. Moreover, results indicated that the gross volume estimations of higher quality log stacks were closer for the three analyzed methods compared to estimations of poor-quality log stacks. KW - logistic KW - photogrammetry KW - timber trade KW - volume estimation KW - wood pile Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2003 SN - 2242-4075 VL - 55 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 13 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berendt, Ferréol A1 - Pegel, Erik A1 - Blasko, Lubomir A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - Bark proportion of Scots pine industrial wood JF - European Journal of Wood and Wood Products N2 - Bark characteristics are not only used in the forest-wood supply chain, for example to calculate standing volumes, but also to transform wood volumes and masses. In this study, bark thickness, bark volume and bark mass were analyzed on the basis of 150 Scots pine discs, with a mean diameter of 13 cm. The mean double bark thickness was 3.02 mm, the mean bark volume proportion was 5.6% and mean bark mass proportion was 3.3%. Bark proportions were significantly affected by the log-specific variables ‘diameter over bark’, ‘proportion of bark damage’ and ‘double bark thickness’. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-1975 SN - 0018-3768 VL - 79 IS - 3 SP - 749 EP - 752 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Voigt, Katja A1 - Spies, Michael T1 - Female Education and Social Change: Changing Perceptions of Women's Roles in Society in the High Mountains of Northern Pakistan JF - Mountain Research and Development N2 - This article investigates the emergence of female education and its social impacts in a remote and male-dominated mountain community through a case study of Nagar District in northern Pakistan. Drawing on qualitative interviews with 24 women from different educational backgrounds and 15 selected male informants, the study reveals a notable increase in educational opportunities for girls and young women within a relatively short time span, and shows how these changes have affected local perceptions of women's social roles. While there are mixed opinions about the usefulness of education for girls—some find that educated women are better housewives and mothers, while others highlight career opportunities for women—female education has clearly contributed to an increase in self-determination of women. Young women now marry later and have fewer children, parents give their daughters more freedom, and education has contributed to an increase in female mobility and to a more confident and visible role of women in community life. While other aspects of social change also play critical roles, this study shows that female education is one important element in the development of a more equitable society in mountains and elsewhere. KW - Female education KW - Development KW - Gender inequality KW - Gilgit-Baltistan KW - Karakoram KW - Nagar District Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2294 SN - 0276-4741 VL - 2020 IS - 40(4) PB - International Mountain Society CY - Switzerland ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alff, Henryk A1 - Spies, Michael T1 - Pfadabhängigkeiten in der Bioökonomie überwinden? Landwirtschaftliche Intensivierungsprozesse aus sozial-ökologischer Perspektive JF - Peripherie: Politik, Ökonomie, Kultur N2 - Der Wandel zu einer „bio-basierten“ Wirtschaft, wie er in nationalen und internationalen Bioökonomie-Strategien propagiert wird, kann nur mit tiefgreifenden Veränderungen landwirtschaftlicher Systeme zur Steigerung der Agrarproduktion einhergehen. Besonders in Ländern des Globalen Südens gingen solche Prozesse jedoch meist mit unbeabsichtigten – oder in Kauf genommenen – negativen Konsequenzen wie Umweltdegradation oder die Verschärfung gesellschaftlicher Ungleichheiten einher. Dennoch finden die Kenntnisse über die Risiken bisheriger landwirtschaftlicher Interventionen kaum in politischen Bioökonomie-Strategien Berücksichtigung, die auf wirtschaftlich-technische Lösungen einer „nachhaltigen“ Intensivierung durch agrartechnologische Innovationen auf der einen, und eine Ausweitung von Produktionsflächen auf der anderen Seite setzen. Wie diese Produktionssteigerungen ökologisch und sozial nachhaltig gestaltet werden sollen, bleibt unklar, und bisherige Erfahrungen mit derartigen Interventionen lassen eher das Gegenteil befürchten. Anhand von zwei historischen Beispielen – der Grünen Revolution im Punjab Pakistans und der Neulandkampagne in Kasachstan – skizziert der Beitrag die vielschichtigen sozialen und ökologischen Folgen bisheriger, großangelegter landwirtschaftlicher Interventionen zur Produktionssteigerung und geht der Frage nach, inwiefern diese Erfahrungen (besser) in Bioökonomie-Strategien Berücksichtigung finden (können). Kritische Reflektion sollte dabei vor allem die Rolle institutioneller Pfadabhängigkeiten in der Gestaltung aktueller und zukünftiger Entwicklungen erfahren. Wie bisherige Erfahrungen im Landwirtschaftssektor deutlich machen, müssen Bioökonomie-Strategien ihren geforderten systemischen Ansatz ernst nehmen – was impliziert, dass technologie- und produktivitätsorientierte Ziele stets sozialen und ökologischen Zielen untergeordnet werden müssen. KW - Landwirtschaft KW - Bioökonomie-Strategien KW - Produktionssteigerung KW - Grüne Revolution KW - Neulandkampagne KW - Pakistan KW - Kasachstan Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2280 VL - 40 IS - 159/160 SP - 334 EP - 359 PB - Verlag Barbara Budrich ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stoldt, Mirja A1 - Göttert, Thomas A1 - Mann, Carsten A1 - Zeller, Ulrich T1 - Transfrontier Conservation Areas and Human-Wildlife Conflict: The Case of the Namibian Component of the Kavango-Zambezi (KAZA) TFCA JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Our study deals with human-wildlife conflicts in the Namibian component of the Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area (KAZA TFCA). The study reconstructs the historical occurrence of selected mammal species and adopts a socio-ecological approach to assess the impact of human dimensions in the KAZA TFCA. Our results reveal pronounced human–wildlife conflicts with considerable impacts on the livelihoods of communities. Human–wildlife conflict has the potential to become a significant contributor to the failure of the TFCA concept. Conflicts are influenced by a growing human population and large mammal species re-colonising formerly abandoned areas. Mapping the occurrence of selected mammal species over time reveals an interesting picture: although conservation initiatives have led to an increase in the population size of selected species, their occurrence is more restricted than in times of heavily decimated wildlife populations. The increasing restriction of wildlife to protected areas reduces the resilience of the ecosystem. To sustainably manage and conserve wildlife populations, a bigger picture including areas outside of the current borders of KAZA TFCA should be considered. This could support re-connecting ecologically important areas for congested populations to move to and reduces the concentration of wildlife and pressure on the land and people of the region. KW - animal migration KW - biodiversity KW - conservation biology KW - Mensch-Wildtier-Konflikt Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2407 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 10 PB - Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Werg, Jana Lorena A1 - Grothmann, Torsten A1 - Spies, Michael A1 - Mieg, Harald A. T1 - Factors for Self-Protective Behavior against Extreme Weather Events in the Philippines JF - Sustainabilty N2 - We report the results on factors for self-protective behavior against weather extremes such as extreme heat events, drought, and heavy precipitation. Our research draws on the Model of Private Proactive Adaptation to Climate Change (MPPACC). We developed a survey instrument incorporating the main aspects of the MPPACC and other factors from related research work that are assumed to explain why some people show self-protective behavior while others do not. The interview survey was conducted with a non-random sample of 210 respondents from three Philippine cities, namely Baguio, Dagupan, and Tuguegarao. The results reveal the importance of adaptation appraisal, including the perceived feasibility of self-protective measures, the perceived adaptation knowledge, and, with limitations, the perception of actions taken by neighbors or friends. We also show that perceptions of past weather trends are closely linked to risk perception but are only partly corroborated by weather station data. Implications for fostering self-protective behavior are making use of time windows right after an extreme weather event and focusing on enhancing adaptation appraisal. KW - natural hazards KW - climate change KW - perception KW - self-protective measures KW - adaptation Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2306 SN - 2071-1050 IS - 12(15) PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nölting, Benjamin A1 - Molitor, Heike A1 - Reimann, Julian A1 - Skroblin, Jan-Hendrick A1 - Dembski, Nadine T1 - Transfer for Sustainable Development at Higher Education Institutions — Untapped Potential for Education for Sustainable Development and for Societal Transformation JF - Sustainabilty N2 - Higher education institutions (HEIs) are increasingly confronted with societal needs beyond research and teaching. These include sustainable development and technology transfer as well as the practical application of knowledge and ideas. Several HEIs already put sustainable development and transfer into practice. These practitioner–university partnerships comprise a broad range of actors, disciplines, topics, and formats. However, transfer activities that contribute to sustainable development in society still make up only a very small part of HEIs’ activities. In response to calls from society as a whole, HEIs could combine transfer and sustainable development more systematically. In this article, we suggest a concept of transfer for sustainable development. The focus is on sustainability transfer in teaching. We used mixed methods for this conceptual work: exploratory workshops, expert interviews, and a case study of transfer in teaching. One of the results presented in this article is a working definition of sustainability transfer at HEIs. In addition, six characteristics for describing sustainability transfer in its various forms are formulated. This conceptualization makes it possible to analyze the diversity of HEIs’ sustainability transfer activities, it helps to identify and encourage potential transfer actors at HEIs as well as practitioners, and, thus, tap the full potential of sustainability transfer. KW - sustainable development KW - higher education institutions KW - university KW - transfer KW - practitioner-university partnership KW - societal impact KW - education for sustainable development Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2395 SN - 2071-1050 VL - 12 IS - 7 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Demele, Uwe A1 - Nölting, Benjamin A1 - Crewett, Wibke A1 - Georgiev, Georgi T1 - Sustainability Transfer as a Concept for Universities in Regional Transformation—A Case Study JF - Sustainabilty N2 - The research object of this study is the in-depth discourse on the sustainability transfer activities of higher education institutions (HEIs) and their contribution to a regional sustainable transformation. For this purpose, a heuristically-derived concept of sustainability transfer is empirically tested with a mixed-methods approach based on the example of Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development (HNEE). The empirical findings demonstrate that the realization of sustainability transfer depends mainly on the personal initiative of teachers and researchers. Major barriers are a lack of time and financial resources. The observed concept of sustainability transfer is applicable to all study and research areas of HNEE. Involvement in sustainability transfer can include the whole of society, from politics, enterprises, and civil society to education and research institutions. Overall, the empirical testing of the concept offered by this study illustrates its practical suitability to capturing specifically those sustainability transfer activities that are not tapped by third mission approaches. This opens up a novel dimension for transfer potential at universities and their role in regional sustainability transformation. It also highlights that the interdependencies between HEIs and practitioners need to be more contextualized with quality criteria such as the value of the transfer performance or level of ambition. KW - higher education institutions KW - sustainability transformation KW - practitioner-university partnership KW - sustainable development KW - sustainable transfer Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2456 SN - 2071-1050 VL - 13 IS - 9 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ruppert, Daniel A1 - Welp, Martin A1 - Spies, Michael A1 - Thevs, Niels T1 - Farmers’ Perceptions of Tree Shelterbelts on Agricultural Land in Rural Kyrgyzstan JF - Sustainabilty N2 - The reestablishment of agroforestry systems in Central Asia, combining crop production with protective tree shelterbelts, provides significant potential to improve farming systems. This includes increasing crop yields, additional income from timber, as well as reducing soil degradation and wind erosion. Thus, adopting shelterbelts as a form of pro-environmental behavior provides a number of socio-economic benefits, although some trade-offs need to be considered as well. This paper investigates factors that shape the perception of—and attitude towards—the establishment of tree shelterbelts by farmers in two case study regions in Kyrgyzstan. Applying a conceptual framework distinguishing between extrinsic and intrinsic factors, research methods included semi-structured interviews with farmers and local policy makers. The results show spatial differences in the perception of shelterbelts, both on the regional and on the village scale. In general, shelterbelts were negatively perceived by more than half of the farmers. The main concern raised by farmers was the shading of crops by shelterbelts, resulting in a decrease of yield. In addition, small field sizes and potential conflicts with neighbors were key concerns. Furthermore, rules set by local self-government bodies were inconsistent with the legislative framework, posing significant restrictions to the adoption of sustainable land use practices. KW - agroforestry KW - agriculture KW - Central Asia KW - adoption KW - perception KW - pro-environmental behavior Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2323 SN - 2071-1050 VL - 2020 IS - 12 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spies, Michael A1 - Alff, Henryk T1 - Assemblages and complex adaptive systems: A conceptual crossroads for integrative research? JF - Geography Compass N2 - In human geography and beyond, assemblage thinking has increasingly gained attention as a perspective from which to investigate the emergence and dynamics of more-than-human entanglements. Similarly, in the interdisciplinary field of social-ecological systems analysis, theories of complex adaptive systems have been employed to investigate how social and ecological dynamics and actors interact with each other on different scales. Nonetheless, despite the success of these conceptual perspectives in their respective research fields, there have been few attempts so far to bring these theoretical strands together to explore their common ground and investigate how they could cross-fertilize each other. This contribution seeks to address this gap, by investigating the ontological compatibility of these two approaches and exploring the potential for meaningful syntheses that could be utilized for integrative research—combining perspectives, approaches, and methods taken from social and environmental sciences for the analysis of human-environmental relations. Based on a comparative discussion of four selected “guiding principles” found in assemblage thinking and complex adaptive systems, namely, socio-nature, emergence/historicity, relationality, and self-organization, we find not only significant common ground between the two perspectives but also discrepancies that may be utilized for cross-fertilization. In particular, we argue complex adaptive systems would benefit from a deeper engagement with society-nature theorizations found in the assemblage literature, while assemblage thinking could borrow from complex adaptive systems to broaden its conception of how elements relate to and co-function with each other. KW - historicity KW - more-than-human social theory KW - relationality KW - social-ecological systems KW - socio-natures Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2319 SN - 1749-8198 VL - 2020 IS - 14 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Braun, Charis Linda A1 - Bitsch, Vera A1 - Häring, Anna Maria T1 - Behind the scenes of a learning agri-food value chain: lessons from action research JF - Agriculture and Human Values N2 - The development of sustainable agri-food systems requires not only new academic knowledge, but also concrete social and organizational change in practice. This article reflects on the action research process that supported and explored the learning process in an emerging agri-food value chain in the Berlin-Brandenburg region in eastern Germany. The action research study involved value chain actors, academic researchers, and process facilitators in a learning network. By framing the network’s learning and problem solving processes in concepts of organizational learning, lessons were drawn for researchers and value chain developers. The results underline the importance of process facilitation in a learning value chain to create a social space, in which the actors in the value chain can interact and find a common basis for collaboration. In the learning process, facilitators used an iterative design to consistently align learning activities with the needs of practitioners to ensure practical relevance. To establish new practices and partnerships, value chain actors challenged existing routines and developed new ideas and visions, while at the same time improving established practices within their organizations and along the entire value chain. KW - Action research KW - Organizational learning KW - Process faciliation KW - Grounded theory KW - Local and organic food Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2481 SN - 1572-8366 VL - 39 SP - 119 EP - 134 PB - Springer Science+Business Media B.V. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spies, Michael T1 - Promises and perils of the China-Pakistan economic corridor: agriculture and export prospects in northern Pakistan JF - Eurasian Geography and Economics N2 - The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a mega-project of primarily infrastructure-related loans and investments in Pakistan. Recently, the official discourse has increasingly shifted to the agricultural sector. For the region of Gilgit-Baltistan bordering China, academic and policy debates highlight the potential boost of fruit exports to China as the most promising opportunity to be leveraged through the CPEC. This paper scrutinizes these promises from a locally grounded perspective, investigating potential benefits and risks for local farmers. To make sense of the complex interplay between external and local actors, interests, markets and (infra)structures, the paper follows an assemblage-inspired approach to map out local trajectories. Contrary to the CPEC narrative, agricultural exports from Gilgit-Baltistan recently came to a halt, due to increasing trade barriers and seemingly competing agricultural developments in neighboring Xinjiang, China. Moreover, the economically most promising local crop for export to China, namely cherries, does not seem too promising for the majority of small farmers. There are other commodities with export potential, but overall, prospects appear to be limited. There is a need for a deeper engagement with the inherent complexities of CPEC trajectories, particularly in regards to local farming contexts in Pakistan and relevant developments in China. KW - Agricultural export KW - CPEC KW - Agrarian change KW - Mountain farming KW - Assemblage KW - Belt and Road Initiative Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2259 SN - 1938-2863 PB - Taylor & Francis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spies, Michael A1 - Schick, Axel A1 - Karomatov, Sharofiddin A1 - Bakokhoja, Bobozoda A1 - Zikriyokhon, Khaidarov A1 - Jobirov, Shonazar A1 - Bloch, Ralf A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. T1 - Adapting a Participatory and Ecosystem-Based Assessment Impacted by the Pandemic: Lessons Learned With Farmers in Tajikistan JF - Frontiers in sustainable Food Systems N2 - The paper presents a systemic and participatory assessment approach and scrutinizes how methodological changes necessitated during the Covid-19 pandemic implicated the process and its outcomes. The approach was applied in rural Tajikistan to evaluate changes effected by a development project that promoted the enhancement of biodiversity and ecosystem services in agrarian landscapes. The central building block of the assessment consisted of participatory workshops in 2018 and 2020 with farmers and other stakeholders to develop a systemic knowledge map and to evaluate the promoted strategies based on local expertise. The methodological basis was MARISCO (adaptive MAnagement of vulnerability and RISk at COnservation sites), a holistic and participatory approach to ecosystem-based assessment and management that requires well-trained facilitators. While the activities in 2018 could be implemented as planned, major changes in the work plan were necessary in 2020 due to severe travel restrictions and social distancing rules. Conducting virtual workshops was not possible, as it would have excluded key stakeholders from the process. Instead of conducting a comprehensive assessment workshop guided by two German MARISCO facilitators as originally planned, a series of short and small workshops could be realized. These workshops were facilitated by Tajik scientists after receiving virtual training from their German colleagues. Although it was possible to bring the assessment to a satisfactory conclusion, the methodological changes revealed significant drawbacks. Radical simplifications of the methods were necessary that led to reduced depth of the assessment and missed learning opportunities for participants. Limited experience in workshop guidance by the new facilitators posed challenges to the participatory process and the quality of its outcomes. While the adapted method created training effects that would otherwise have been missed, it also put additional pressure on the capacities of local partners. Our experience during the pandemic offers valuable lessons learned for future applications of systemic-participatory approaches. Whereas, a complete shift to remote applications is problematic, there is a need to put greater emphasis on capacitating local partners. Methodological trade-offs are necessary for partially remote working processes, but principles of participation and systemic thinking should not be compromised. KW - Eco-system-based sustainable development KW - MARISCO KW - Participatory methods KW - Biodiversity and ecosystem service assessment KW - Sustainable agriculture KW - Tajikistan Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2263 SN - 2571-581X IS - 5 PB - Frontiers ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berendt, Ferréol A1 - Tolosana, Eduardo A1 - Hoffmann, Stephan A1 - Alonso, Paula A1 - Schweier, Janine T1 - Harvester Productivity in Inclined Terrain with Extended Machine Operating Trail Intervals: A German Case Study Comparison of Standing and Bunched Trees JF - Sustainability N2 - The complexity of highly structured forests with multiple tree species, especially when coniferous and broadleaved tree species are mixed, as well as stands with extended machine operating trail spacing and inclined terrain, create challenging operational conditions for mechanized timber harvesting and extraction. Motor-manually felling trees within the midfield and bunching them at the machine operating trails, prior to the arrival of a harvester-forwarder system, is a complex operation. The aim of this study was to assess and compare tethered harvester productivities of a thinning operation, for felling and processing standing trees and for processing bunched trees, through a time study in forest stands with 40-m distances between machine operating trails. Total operational costs of the analyzed thinning operation were 69 €/m3o.b., including extraction using a multiple forwarder approach. Tree species, merchantable timber volume, and whether the trees were standing or presented as bunched logs all had a significant effect on the harvester time consumption. Moreover, harvester positioning time was significantly shorter when trees were already bunched at the machine operating trail. While the productivity of standing or bunched spruce trees did not differ significantly between the cases (approximately 18 m3o.b./productive machine hours excluding all delays (PMH0)), the productivity of standing broadleaved tree species (8.3 m3o.b./PMH0) was much lower than that of bunched trees (15.5 m3o.b./PMH0). Thus, the described timber harvesting and extraction system may be a valuable option for forest stands with high proportion of broadleaved trees. KW - forest operations KW - machine operating trail KW - midfield KW - single-grip harvester KW - soil protection KW - tethering winch Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2022 SN - 2071-1050 VL - 12 IS - 21 PB - MDPI ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Cremer, Tobias A1 - Berendt, Ferréol A1 - de Miguel Diez, Felipe A1 - Wolfgramm, Felix A1 - Blasko, Lubomir T1 - Accuracy of Photo-Optical Measurement of Wood Piles T2 - Environmental Sciences Proceedings N2 - The accurate estimation of timber volume is of the utmost importance. For industrial timber, the volume is often estimated as stacked cubic meters. In addition to manual measurements, volume estimation is possible with photo-optical systems. Over 100 piles of industrial timber of broadleaved tree species were analyzed. In the study, a standard manual measurement method for the estimation of wood pile volumes was compared with a smartphone based photo-optical application for the determination of woodpile volume. Mean gross volume of the piles was approximately 56 m3 and mean width of piles was 9.43 m. A strong correlation was found between the manual measurements and the photo-optical measurement. However, volume estimation of large volume piles seems to perform better in comparison to piles with small volumes. Further research is needed to determine the effects of variables such as log quality or quality of pile on volume estimation accuracy. KW - timber stack KW - volume estimation KW - logistic KW - timber trade Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2012 SN - 2673-4931 IS - 3(1) PB - MDPI ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Berendt, Ferréol A1 - Pegel, Erik A1 - Blasko, Lubomir A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - Bark Characteristics of Scots Pine Logs T2 - Environmental Sciences Proceedings N2 - The wood of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) shows... KW - bark thickness KW - bark volume KW - bark damage KW - industrial wood Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2040 SN - 2673-4931 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vasić, Filip A1 - Paul, Carsten A1 - Strauss, Veronika A1 - Helming, Katharina T1 - Ecosystem Services of Kettle Holes in Agricultural Landscapes JF - Agronomy N2 - Kettle holes are small water bodies of glacial origin which mostly occur in agricultural landscapes. They provide numerous ecosystem services (ES), but their supply may be negatively affected by agricultural management. We conducted a literature review to identify which ES are supplied by kettle holes and to analyze feedbacks with agricultural management. Taking Germany as a test case, we also analyzed how kettle holes are addressed in policy documents and for which ES they are regulated. This was done to identify the societal value officially associated with kettle holes. The literature review found eight ES attributed to kettle holes, of which hydrological cycle and flood control, chemical condition of freshwaters, nursery populations and habitats and biotic remediation of wastes were addressed most often. In contrast, only the provision of habitat service was addressed in German policy documents related to kettle holes. We identified types of agricultural management that negatively affected the supply of ES by kettle holes, in particular artificial drainage, high levels of pesticide and fertilizer application, and management where tillage and erosion result in elevated sediment inputs. Additionally, climate change may lead to an increased drying up of kettle holes. Based on our finding, we conclude that the intensity of agricultural management around kettle holes threatens the supply of all ES while only the service of providing habitats for biodiversity is addressed in German policy regulations. Further regulation is required to induce agricultural management change towards a conservation of all ES supplied by kettle holes. KW - kettle hole KW - small water bodies KW - wetland KW - ecosystem service KW - CICES KW - agricultural management KW - sustainability KW - policy KW - climate change Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3407 SN - 2073-4395 VL - 10 IS - 9 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hamidov, Ahmad A1 - Helming, Katharina T1 - Sustainability Considerations in Water–Energy–Food Nexus Research in Irrigated Agriculture JF - Sustainability N2 - Irrigated agriculture is essential to satisfying the globally increasing demand for food and bio-based products. Yet, in water scarce regions, water-use for irrigation aggravates the competition for the use of water for other purposes, such as energy production, drinking water and sanitation. Solutions for sustainable food production through irrigated agriculture require a systemic approach to assess benefits and trade-offs across sectors. Here, the water–energy–food (WEF) nexus has become an important concept in natural resource management. It has been conceptualized to analyze linkages and trade-offs between the three sectors, across temporal and spatial scales. However, the concept has so far mainly been conceptual, with little empirical evidence or proof of concept in real world cases. The objective of this paper was to take stock of the rapidly advancing literature on the WEF nexus in irrigated agriculture, and to analyze how the concept was actually implemented in research studies, and how the nexus between water, food and energy was actually dealt with. The study period ranges from 2011 to 2019, and includes 194 articles. Results showed that the WEF nexus is indeed very relevant in irrigated agriculture, and the respective literature makes up one third of all WEF nexus papers. Modeling and empirical research have caught up with conceptual synthesis studies during the last four years, thereby indicating that the WEF nexus concept is indeed increasingly operationalized. However, most studies addressed the WEF nexus from a perspective of either socioeconomic, technological or environmental categories, and they place one of the dimensions of water, food or energy into the foreground. To address sustainable development, there is a need to fully integrate across research disciplines and thematic dimensions. Such studies are only starting to emerge. These findings are an important evidence-base for future WEF nexus research on irrigated agriculture, in support of sustainable solutions for water scarce regions, especially in settings undergoing transformations. KW - sustainability KW - water resources KW - food security KW - energy production KW - soil services KW - transformation KW - governance KW - sustainable development goals Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3381 SN - 2071-1050 VL - 12 IS - 15 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Roque, Dionísio A1 - Göttert, Thomas A1 - Macandza, Valério António A1 - Zeller, Ulrich T1 - Assessing Distribution Patterns and the Relative Abundance of Reintroduced Large Herbivores in the Limpopo National Park, Mozambique JF - Diversity N2 - This study is the first systematic assessment of large herbivore (LH) communities in Limpopo National Park (LNP) in Mozambique, an area where most LH species were extinct until the early 2000s. We investigate whether LH community parameters are linked with the availability of habitat types or the distance between sampling sites and the origin of LH resettlement. We placed camera traps in five habitat types in resettled and not-resettled areas to compare species richness, relative abundance index, grazers–browsers–mixed feeder and naïve occupancy of 15 LH species. While the richness decreased along the distance gradient of LH resettlement, relative abundance index strongly responded to habitat features. The grazer–browser–mixed feeder ratio oscillated, while from resettled to not-resettled areas, the ratio increased. Most species show a wide distribution range. The associations of most LH community parameters with habitat types rather than distance to initial release, together with the species-specific and guild-specific response patterns of LH, suggest LNP to already be in an intermediate stage of restoration. Our results highlight the importance of post-release monitoring of reintroduced wildlife as a tool to assess the success of ecological restoration initiatives in transboundary conservation areas. KW - camera trap KW - colonization KW - distribution patterns KW - relative abundance KW - ecological parameters KW - habitat types KW - large herbivores reintroduction KW - Limpopo National Park KW - Old Sanctuary Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3454 SN - 1424-2818 VL - 13 IS - 10 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Starik, Nicole A1 - Göttert, Thomas A1 - Zeller, Ulrich T1 - Spatial Behavior and Habitat Use of Two Sympatric Bat Species JF - Animals N2 - Movement behavior and habitat use of the long-eared bat species Plecotus auritus and Plecotus austriacus were studied in the Havelland region in Brandenburg (Germany). Data collection included mist-netting, radiotelemetry, reconstruction of prey items, and monitoring of roosting sites. Body measurements confirm a high degree of phenotypic similarity between the two species. Total activity areas (100% Minimum Convex Polygons, MCPS) of Plecotus austriacus (2828.3 ± 1269.43 ha) were up to five-fold larger compared to Plecotus auritus (544.54 ± 295.89 ha). The activity areas of Plecotus austriacus contained up to 11 distinct core areas, and their mean total size (149.7 ± 0.07 ha) was approximately three-fold larger compared to core areas of Plecotus auritus (49.2 ± 25.6 ha). The mean distance between consecutive fixes per night was 12.72 ± 3.7 km for Plecotus austriacus and 4.23 ± 2.8 km for Plecotus auritus. While Plecotus austriacus was located most frequently over pastures (>40%) and meadows (>20%), P. auritus was located mostly within deciduous (>50%) and mixed forests (>30%) in close vicinity to its roosts. Roost site monitoring indicates that the activity of P. austriacus is delayed relative to P. auritus in spring and declined earlier in autumn. These phenological differences are probably related to the species’ respective diets. Levins’ measure of trophic niche breadth suggests that the prey spectrum for P. auritus is more diverse during spring (B = 2.86) and autumn (B = 2.82) compared to P. austriacus (spring: B = 1.7; autumn: B = 2.1). Our results give reason to consider these interspecific ecological variations and species-specific requirements of P. auritus and P. austriacus to develop adapted and improved conservation measures. KW - Plecotus KW - resource partitioning KW - radio-tracking KW - activity areas KW - fecal analysis Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3465 SN - 2076-2615 VL - 11 IS - 12 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vogel, Sebastian A1 - Bönecke, Eric A1 - Kling, Charlotte A1 - Kramer, Eckart A1 - Lück, Katrin A1 - Nagel, Anne A1 - Philipp, Golo A1 - Rühlmann, Jörg A1 - Schröter, Ingmar A1 - Gebbers, Robin T1 - Base Neutralizing Capacity of Agricultural Soils in a Quaternary Landscape of North-East Germany and Its Relationship to Best Management Practices in Lime Requirement Determination JF - Agronomy N2 - Despite being a natural soil-forming process, soil acidification is a major agronomic challenge under humid climate conditions, as soil acidity influences several yield-relevant soil properties. It can be counterbalanced by the regular application of agricultural lime to maintain or re-establish soil fertility and to optimize plant growth and yield. To avoid underdose as well as overdose, lime rates need to be calculated carefully. The lime rate should be determined by the optimum soil pH (target pH) and the response of the soil to lime, which is described by the base neutralizing capacity (BNC). Several methods exist to determine the lime requirement (LR) to raise the soil pH to its optimum. They range from extremely time-consuming equilibration methods, which mimic the natural processes in the soil, to quick tests, which rely on some approximations and are designed to provide farmers with timely and cost-efficient data. Due to the higher analytical efforts, only limited information is available on the real BNC of particular soils. In the present paper, we report the BNC of 420 topsoil samples from Central Europe (north-east Germany), developed on sediments from the last ice age 10,000 years ago under Holocene conditions. These soils are predominantly sandy and low in humus, but they exhibit a huge spatial variability in soil properties on a small scale. The BNC was determined by adding various concentrations of Ca(OH)2 and fitting an exponential model to derive a titration curve for each sample. The coefficients of the BNC titration curve were well correlated with soil properties affecting soil acidity and pH buffer capacity, i.e., pH, soil texture and soil organic matter (SOM). From the BNC model, the LRs (LRBNC) were derived and compared with LRVDLUFA based on the standard protocol in Germany as established by the Association of German Agricultural Analytic and Research Institutes (VDLUFA). The LRBNC and LRVDLUFA correlated well but the LRVDLUFA were generally by approximately one order of magnitude higher. This is partly due to the VDLUFA concept to recommend a maintenance or conservation liming, even though the pH value is in the optimum range, to keep it there until the next lime application during the following rotation. Furthermore, the VDLUFA method was primarily developed from field experiments where natural soil acidification and management practices depressed the effect of lime treatment. The BNC method, on the other hand, is solely based on laboratory analysis with standardized soil samples. This indicates the demand for further research to develop a sound scientific algorithm that complements LRBNC with realistic values of annual Ca2+ removal and acidification by natural processes and N fertilization. KW - soil acidity KW - pH buffer capacity KW - soil-base titration KW - titration curve Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3370 SN - 2073-4395 VL - 10 IS - 6 PB - MDPI ER - TY - GEN A1 - Franzke, Christian L E A1 - Ciullo, Alessio A1 - Gilmore, Elisabeth A A1 - Matias, Denise Margaret A1 - Nagabhatla, Nidhi A1 - Orlov, Anton A1 - Paterson, Shona K A1 - Scheffran, Jürgen A1 - Sillmann, Jana T1 - Perspectives on tipping points in integrated models of the natural and human Earth system: cascading effects and telecoupling T2 - Environmental Research Letters N2 - The Earth system and the human system are intrinsically linked. Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions have led to the climate crisis, which is causing unprecedented extreme events and could trigger Earth system tipping elements. Physical and social forces can lead to tipping points and cascading effects via feedbacks and telecoupling, but the current generation of climate-economy models do not generally take account of these interactions and feedbacks. Here, we show the importance of the interplay between human societies and Earth systems in creating tipping points and cascading effects and the way they in turn affect sustainability and security. The lack of modeling of these links can lead to an underestimation of climate and societal risks as well as how societal tipping points can be harnessed to moderate physical impacts. This calls for the systematic development of models for a better integration and understanding of Earth and human systems at different spatial and temporal scales, specifically those that enable decision-making to reduce the likelihood of crossing local or global tipping points. KW - tipping points KW - cascading effects KW - coupling of natural and human Earth systems KW - telecoupling KW - extreme events Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3476 SN - 1748-9326 VL - 17 IS - 1 PB - IOP Publishing Ltd ER - TY - JOUR A1 - MacPherson, Joseph A1 - Paul, Carsten A1 - Helming, Katharina T1 - Linking Ecosystem Services and the SDGs to Farm-Level Assessment Tools and Models JF - Sustainability N2 - A number of tools and models have been developed to assess farm-level sustainability. However, it is unclear how well they potentially incorporate ecosystem services (ES), or how they may contribute to attaining the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Understanding how farm-level assessment tools and models converge on these new paradigms of sustainability is important for drawing comparison on sustainability performances of farming systems, conducting meta-analyses and upscaling local responses to global driving forces. In this study, a coverage analysis was performed for several farm-level sustainability assessment (SA) tools (SAFA, RISE, KSNL, DLG) and models (MODAM, MONICA, APSIM), in regard to their potential for incorporating ES and contribution to attaining the SDGs. Lists of agricultural-relevant CICES classes and SDG targets were compiled and matched against the indicators of the tools and models. The results showed that SAFA possessed the most comprehensive coverage of ES and SDGs, followed by RISE and KSNL. In comparison to models, SA tools were observed to have a higher degree of potential for covering ES and SDGs, which was attributed to larger and broader indicators sets. However, this study also suggested that, overall, current tools and models do not sufficiently articulate the concept of ecosystem services. KW - agriculture KW - SA KW - ecosystem services KW - SDGs CICES KW - tools KW - models KW - coverage analysis Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3395 SN - 2071-1050 VL - 12 IS - 16 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Halwani, Mosab A1 - Reckling, Moritz A1 - Schuler, Johannes A1 - Bloch, Ralf A1 - Bachinger, Johann T1 - Soybean in No-Till Cover-Crop Systems JF - Agronomy N2 - Introducing agro-ecological techniques such as no-tillage systems with cover crops in rotations with soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) could provide more resilience to changing climatic conditions and, at the same time, reduce soil erosion, nitrate leaching, and weed density in the main crop. However, there are challenges in introducing no-tillage techniques in crop systems in Europe as there is little quantitative knowledge about the agro-economic impact. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the agronomic and economic impacts of three soybean cropping systems involving a rye (Secale cereal L.) cover crop prior to soybean, i.e., two no-tillage systems; either herbicide-free with crimping the rye or herbicide-based without rye crimping and one plough-based in which rye was cut as green silage. The impacts of these cropping strategies were compared in a three-year cropping system experiment at a research station in north-eastern Germany with and without irrigation. The following parameters were measured: (1) cover crop biomass; (2) weed biomass; (3) soybean plant density; (4) soybean grain yield; and (5) gross margin of the cropping system. The results showed that all three soybean cropping systems can effectively suppress weeds. System (C), the no-tillage herbicide-based system, produced the lowest rye biomass and highest soybean yield; system (B), the no-tillage herbicide-free/crimped rye system, produced the highest rye biomass and lowest soybean yield compared to system (A), the standard cutting/plough-based system. The differences in rye biomass and soybean yield observed between the three systems could be mainly attributed to the timing of the cover crop termination and the soybean sowing date. The gross margin was highest in system (C), due to the high soybean grain yield. The low soybean grain yield in system (B) resulted in lower revenues and gross margins compared to systems (A) and (C), although system (B) could be economically attractive in organic farming with higher prices for organic soybean. In the particularly dry year 2016, gross margins were higher when soybean was irrigated compared to the rainfed cultivation, due to significantly higher grain yields. Before recommending the application of the no-tillage with cover crop technique for the conditions tested in north-eastern Germany, more investigations on the benefits and risks of this technique are needed. Further research needs to focus on maintaining a high rye biomass as well as on ensuring an early soybean planting date. Optimizing the crimping and drilling equipment is still required in order to develop good management practices for no-tillage herbicide-free systems in European conditions. KW - no-tillage KW - cover crop KW - irrigation KW - weed suppression KW - gross margin Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3314 SN - 2073-4395 VL - 9 IS - 12 PB - MDPI ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Clauder, Lothar A1 - Munk, Christoph A1 - Pfriem, Alexander T1 - The influence of thermal modification on the initial material-brightness (L*), documented by in-situ measurements T2 - European Conference on Wood Modification 2022 N2 - In this study, the influence of the thermal modification on the characteristic brightness of the raw material Alder (Alnus rubra) and Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) was investigated by spectral photometric in-situ analysis. KW - thermally modified wood KW - brightness (L*) (CIELab*) KW - process control Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2801 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blumröder, Jeanette Silvin A1 - May, Felix A1 - Härdtle, Werner A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. T1 - Forestry contributed to warming of forest ecosystems in northern Germany during the extreme summers of 2018 and 2019 JF - Ecological Solutions and Evidence N2 - 1. Forest management influences a variety of ecosystem structures and processes relevant to meso- and microclimatic regulation, but little research has been done on how forest management can mitigate the negative effects of climate change on forest ecosystems. 2. We studied the temperature regulation capacity during the two Central European extreme summers in 2018 and 2019 in Scots pine plantations and European beech forests with different management-related structural characteristics. 3. We found that the maximum temperature was higher when more trees were cut and canopy was more open. Logging 100 trees per hectare increased maximum temperature by 0.21–0.34 K at ground level and by 0.09–0.17 K in 1.3 m above ground. Opening the forest canopy by 10% significantly increased Tmax, measured 1.3 m above ground by 0.46 K (including pine and beech stands) and 0.35 K (only pine stands). At ground level, Tmax increased by 0.53 K for the model including pine and beech stands and by 0.41 K in pure pine stands. Relative temperature cooling capacity decreased with increasing wood harvest activities, with below average values in 2018 (and 2019) when more than 656 (and 867) trees per hectare were felled. In the pine forests studied, the relative temperature buffering capacity 1.3 m above ground was lower than average values for all sample plots when canopy cover was below 82%. In both study years, mean maximum temperature measured at ground level and in 1.3 m was highest in a pine-dominated sample plots with relatively low stand volume (177 m3 ha−1) and 9 K lower in a sample plot with relatively high stock volumes of Fagus sylvatica (>565 m3 ha−1). During the hottest day in 2019, the difference in temperature peaks was more than 13 K for pine-dominated sample plots with relatively dense (72%) and low (46%) canopy cover. 4. Structural forest characteristics influenced by forest management significantly affect microclimatic conditions and therefore ecosystem vulnerability to climate change. We advocate keeping the canopy as dense as possible (at least 80%) by maintaining sufficient overgrowth and by supporting deciduous trees that provide effective shade. KW - climate change KW - forest functionality KW - regulating ecosystem services KW - cooling KW - drought events KW - forest canopy KW - temperature regulation Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-1992 SN - 2688-8319 VL - 2 IS - 3 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jha, Srijna A1 - Kächele, Harald A1 - Sieber, Stefan T1 - Factors Influencing the Adoption of Water Conservation Technologies by Smallholder Farmer Households in Tanzania JF - Water N2 - In Tanzania, the increasing population coupled with climate change amplifies issues of food insecurity and negatively impacts the livelihoods of smallholder farmer households. To address these issues a range of water conservation techniques (WCTs) have been useful. However, the adoption of these WCTs in Tanzania has been limited due to many reasons. With the objective to better understand and identify the factors that significantly influence the adoption of WCTs in Tanzania, the study uses survey data from 701 smallholder farmer households and a bivariate logistic regression, to provide, for the first time, a comprehensive model for the adoption of WCTs in Tanzania that includes a range of individual, household, socio-economic, and farmer perception related variables (factors). The evaluation shows that 120 farmers (17.12%) adopted WCTs and finds the farmer perceptions of rainfall instability, household wealth, and food security to be crucial. The results suggest that policy interventions should encourage conservation behavior (especially when the rainfall is perceived to be uncertain), emphasize the economic and food security-related benefits of adopting WCTs, include strategies that make adoption of WCTs attractive to female-led households, attempt to reach greater number of farmers via social networks and provide better access to public funds for farmers. KW - decision-making KW - logit regression KW - farmer perceptions KW - social networks KW - public funds KW - water conservation adoption Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3320 SN - 2073-4441 VL - 11 IS - 12 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mahmood, Nasir A1 - Arshad, Muhammad A1 - Kächele, Harald A1 - Shahzad, Muhammad Faisal A1 - Ullah, Ayat A1 - Mueller, Klaus T1 - Fatalism, Climate Resiliency Training and Farmers’ Adaptation Responses: Implications for Sustainable Rainfed-Wheat Production in Pakistan JF - Sustainability N2 - Climate change is a severe threat to the agricultural sector in general and to rainfed farming in particular. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors that can potentially affect the adaptation process against climate change. This study focused on wheat farmers and farming systems in the rainfed agroecological zone of Pakistan. Farmers’ data related to climate change fatalism, the availability of climate-specific extension services, socioeconomic and institutional variables, and farm characteristics were collected. A logit model to assess farmers’ decisions to adopt an adaptation measure and a multinomial logit model to assess their choice of various adaptation measures were used. The results showed that fatalistic farmers were unlikely to implement climate change adaptation measures. The variables related to the climate-specific extension services, including farmers’ participation in training on climate-resilient crop farming and the availability of mobile communication-based advisory services, had highly significant and positive impacts on farmers’ decisions and their choice of adaptation measures. Input market access and tractor ownership also had positive and significant impacts on farmers’ decisions to adapt and their choice of adaptation measures. This study highlights the need to improve rainfed-wheat farmers’ education levels to change their fatalistic attitudes towards climate change. Furthermore, government action is needed to provide climate-specific extension services to ensure sustainable production levels that will ultimately lead to food and livelihood security under a changing climate. KW - fatalism KW - climate-specific extension service KW - climate-resilient farming KW - rainfed farming KW - adaptation Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3338 SN - 2071-1050 VL - 12 IS - 4 PB - MDPI ER - TY - GEN A1 - Care, O. A1 - Bernstein, M. J. A1 - Chapman, M. A1 - Diaz Reviriego, I. A1 - Dressler, G. A1 - Felipe-Lucia, M. R. A1 - Friis, C. A1 - Graham, S. A1 - Haenke, H. A1 - Haider, L. J. A1 - Hernández-Morcillo, Mónica A1 - Hoffmann, H. A1 - Kernecker, M. A1 - Nicol, P. A1 - Piñeiro, C. A1 - Pitt, H. A1 - Schill, C. A1 - Seufert, V. A1 - Shu, K. A1 - Valencia, V. A1 - Zaehringer, J. G. T1 - Creating leadership collectives for sustainability transformations T2 - Sustainability Science N2 - Enduring sustainability challenges requires a new model of collective leadership that embraces critical reflection, inclusivity and care. Leadership collectives can support a move in academia from metrics to merits, from a focus on career to care, and enact a shift from disciplinary to inter- and trans-disciplinary research. Academic organisations need to reorient their training programs, work ethics and reward systems to encourage collective excellence and to allow space for future leaders to develop and enact a radically re-imagined vision of how to lead as a collective with care for people and the planet. KW - Sustainability transition KW - Collegiality KW - Well-being KW - Equality KW - Academic practice Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2615 VL - 16 SP - 703 EP - 708 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jha, Srijna A1 - Kächele, Harald A1 - Lana, Marcos A1 - Amjath-Babu, T.S A1 - Sieber, Stefan T1 - Exploring Farmers’ Perceptions of Agricultural Technologies: A Case Study from Tanzania JF - Sustainability N2 - The low agricultural productivity of key crops and food insecurity continue to be key issues in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and Tanzania. The growing population, depleting resources, and changing climate further amplify these issues. Globally, many agricultural technologies (AgTs) are available as pathways for improved agricultural productivity and food security, however, they have had relatively little success in SSA and Tanzania. This is because the uptake of AgTs is a complex process, which is highly localized, involving multiple actors, stages, and spatial and time dimensions. Smallholder farmers often experience issues of sustainability, constraints for adoption, and scaling-up throughout the uptake process of AgTs, all of which vary by region. This indicates a need for a systematic and simultaneous understanding of sustainability, constraints for adoption, and scaling-up of AgTs to better guide agricultural strategy and policy interventions in SSA and Tanzania. Moreover, in order to understand the local settings better, a consideration of the perceptions of the farmers themselves, who are the primary actors in the uptake process of AgTs, is key. Acknowledging this, the study takes on a case study approach, using the scaling-up assessment (ScalA) method and three focus group discussions with a total of 44 smallholder farmers to systematically and simultaneously assess the sustainability, constraints for adoption, and scaling-up of three AgTs (use of fertilizers, improved seeds, and small-scale irrigation) in Tanzania. The study finds that the farmers perceive all three AgTs to be sustainable for the study region. Adoption rates are perceived to be medium for use of fertilizers, high for improved seeds, and low for small-scale irrigation. The most significant constraints for adoption experienced by the farmers are lack of technical physical inputs, marketing facilities, and know-how. Scaling-up is perceived to be well fulfilled for use of fertilizers and improved seeds, but only partially fulfilled for small-scale irrigation, which is the most limited of the three AgTs. The most significant constraints for scaling-up experienced by farmers are a lack of confidence in the added value of the AgTs beyond project activities, marketing facilities, and technical physical inputs. The overall success potential is high for the use of fertilizers and improved seeds, and the average for small-scale irrigation. The farmers’ perceptions partially indicate why the bundle of AgTs is lacking in the study region and provide a basis for discussing targeted agricultural and policy interventions in Tanzania. KW - sustainability KW - adoption KW - scaling-up KW - agricultural technologies KW - farmer perceptions KW - agricultural productivity KW - food security KW - Tanzania Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3340 SN - 2071-1050 VL - 13 IS - 3 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ullah, Ayat A1 - Saqib, Shahab E. A1 - Kächele, Harald T1 - Determinants of Farmers’ Awareness and Adoption of Extension Recommended Wheat Varieties in the Rainfed Areas of Pakistan JF - Sustainability N2 - Scientific evidence suggests that there is room for eradicating poverty and hunger by increasing food production through the adoption of modern agricultural practices by farmers. This study aimed, first, to explore the relationship between the farmers’ awareness and adoption of improved wheat varieties. Second, it aimed to find the key factors that govern the farmers’ awareness and adoption of extension-recommended innovations in the rainfed cropping system of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Data were collected from 395 respondents. A binary logit model was used to analyze the effect of the farmers’ socioeconomic and farm-specific characteristics on their awareness and adoption of the extension-suggested wheat varieties. Moreover, qualitative data from 40 key informants were collected for in-depth analysis. The results show a strong association between the farmers’ awareness of a technology (improved wheat varieties) and its adoption. The results of the logit model show that their extension contacts, income from agriculture, and access to credit positively affected the farmers’ awareness, whereas their education and household sizes negatively affected their awareness. Moreover, the factors that positively influenced the farmers’ decision to adopt the technology included the extension contact, the confidence in the extension, the risk-bearing attitude, and the credit access, whereas the household size and education negatively affected it. The results of the key informant interviews reveal that the high incidence of poverty, the low soil fertility, the farmers’ inability to make effective decisions, the lack of accurate weather predictability in the rainfed farming system, the lack of government interest, and the asymmetric information in the inputs markets contributed to the farmers’ low levels of awareness and to their poor adoption of improved agricultural technologies. These results indicate that any intervention aimed at the awareness and adoption by farmers of improved technologies, such as new wheat varieties, should recognize the heterogeneity in the farmers’ socioeconomic and farm-specific characteristics. KW - farmers’ awareness KW - technology adoption KW - improved wheat varieties KW - socioeconomic and farm-specific characteristics Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3496 SN - 2071-1050 VL - 14 IS - 6 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Biland, Mazhar A1 - Zeb, Alam A1 - Ullah, Ayat A1 - Kächele, Harald T1 - Why Do Households Depend on the Forest for Income? Analysis of Factors Influencing Households’ Decision-Making Behaviors JF - Sustainability N2 - Using survey information of 150 randomly selected households across 21 villages of the forest-rich district of Swat, Pakistan, this study assessed households’ decision-making behaviors in depending on income from nearby forested land using socio-economic attributes. The evidence from the study may aid in making the existing policies be better targeted toward families that depend on the forest for income. Descriptive statistics and econometric techniques such as logit and tobit were used to analyze the data. Respondent households obtained the highest share of their income from off-farm activities (37%) and least from forest activities (16%). Fuelwood constitutes the biggest share (66%) of forest income, followed by medical plants (20%) and fodder (13%). We found that households with more physical assets, more family members working in off-farm jobs, and households earning more income from off-farm jobs were significantly and negatively associated with households’ decision to depend on forest income and total income obtained. We also found that households with less distance to the market and membership to joint forest management committees (JFMCs) were significantly and negatively associated with households’ total income obtained. However, household size was significantly and positively related to households’ decision of forest dependency. The study recommends the creation of off-farm opportunities and inclusion of local people in the management of forests through establishment of JFMCs, particularly for large and poor families. KW - decision-making behavior KW - socio-economic attributes KW - forest income dependency KW - total income obtained Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3441 SN - 2071-1050 VL - 13 IS - 16 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ullah, Ayat A1 - Mahmood, Nasir A1 - Zeb, Alam A1 - Kächele, Harald T1 - Factors Determining Farmers’ Access to and Sources of Credit: Evidence from the Rain-Fed Zone of Pakistan JF - Agriculture N2 - This study investigates the factors that affect farmers’ access to agricultural credit and its role in adopting improved agricultural technologies in the rain-fed zone of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. Using logistic models, we assess and compare the relative role of farmers’ socioeconomic attributes in their access to credit and adoption strategies. The results indicate a moderate positive association between farmers’ access to agricultural credit and their adoption of improved agricultural technologies. The binary logit model’s results indicate that farmers with a large-sized farm, high farm income, better access to information, and large physical asset ownership showed a positive influence on credit access. However, farming experience showed a negative effect on farmers’ access to agricultural credit. Regarding farmers’ credit sources, this study found that asset-rich farmers with more farming experience and better access to information relied more on banks than on input providers and informal credit sources. Similarly, older farmers with more education, larger farm sizes and high farm income were more likely to have borrowed from input providers than banks. We conclude that the role of the effective provision of information on credit and agricultural technology is imperative and requires separate policies that are specifically aimed at different groups of farmers with different socioeconomic and farm-related characteristics. KW - agricultural credit KW - adoption of agricultural technologies KW - rain-fed zone KW - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa KW - socioeconomic attributes Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3419 SN - 2077-0472 VL - 10 IS - 12 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eriksen, Ane A1 - Versluijs, Erik A1 - Fuchs, Boris A1 - Zimmermann, Barbara A1 - Wabakken, Petter A1 - Ordiz, Andrés A1 - Sunde, Peter A1 - Wikenros, Camilla A1 - Sand, Håkan A1 - Gillich, Benjamin A1 - Michler, Frank A1 - Nordli, Kristoffer A1 - Carricondo-Sanchez, David A1 - Gorini, Lucrezia A1 - Rieger, Siegfried T1 - A Standardized Method for Experimental Human Approach Trials on Wild Wolves JF - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution N2 - As wolves recolonize areas of Europe ranging from moderate to high anthropogenic impact, fear of wolves is a recurring source of conflict. Shared tools for evaluating wolf responses to humans, and comparing such responses across their range, can be valuable. Experiments in which humans approach wild wolves can increase our understanding of how wolves respond to humans, facilitating human-wolf coexistence. We have developed the first standardized protocol for evaluating wolf responses to approaching humans using high-resolution GPS data, and tested it on wild wolves. We present a field protocol for experimentally approaching GPS-collared wolves, a descriptive comparison of two statistical methods for detecting a measurable flight response, a tutorial for identifying wolf flight initiation and resettling positions, and an evaluation of the method when reducing GPS positioning frequency. The field protocol, a data collection form, and the tutorial with R code for extracting flight parameters are provided. This protocol will facilitate studies of wolf responses to approaching humans, applicable at a local, national, and international level. Data compiled in a standardized way from multiple study areas can be used to quantify the variation in wolf responses to humans within and between populations, and in relation to predictors such as social status, landscape factors, or human population density, and to establish a baseline distribution of wolf response patterns given a number of known predictors. The variation in wolf responses can be used to assess the degree to which results can be generalized to areas where GPS studies are not feasible, e.g., for predicting the range of likely wolf behaviors, assessing the likelihood of wolf-human encounters, and complementing existing tools for evaluating reports of bold wolves. Showing how wolves respond to human encounters should help demystify the behavior of wild wolves toward humans in their shared habitat. KW - carnivores KW - changepoint analysis KW - field experiments KW - flight initiation distance (FID) KW - upper control limit (UCL) KW - wildlife-human interaction Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2788 SN - 2296-701X N1 - The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2022.793307/full#supplementary-material VL - 10 PB - Frontiers Media S.A. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spies, Michael A1 - Zuberi, Mehwish A1 - Mählis, Madlen A1 - Zakirova, Aksana A1 - Alff, Henryk A1 - Raab, Christoph T1 - Towards a participatory systems approach to managing complex bioeconomy interventions in the agrarian sector JF - Sustainable Production and Consumption N2 - Calls for a “sustainable bioeconomy” have recently begun to proliferate in academic and political circles as an answer to global challenges such as the rapidly increasing world population and changing environmental conditions due to climate change. To build economies that rely on various sources of biomass rather than on fossil-based resources, bioeconomy policies highlight a need to explore ways in which productivity in agriculture can be increased. While the focus on productivity growth has largely been inspired by technology optimism and modernisation thinking, the local knowledge of farmers and other rural stakeholders – as a means of contributing to socially and ecologically more sustainable bioeconomy pathways – has frequently been sidelined. This perspective article proposes and discusses a participatory approach to strategy formulation and evaluation in agricultural transformation and bioeconomy development that is based on the methodological toolbox MARISCO (Adaptive MAnagement of vulnerability and RISk at COnservation sites). By offering a means of developing a comprehensive knowledge map, bringing together both insights and perspectives from diverse local stakeholders, this approach enables a systemic evaluation of the social and ecological effects of intervention strategies on the ground. The article outlines the benefits – and challenges – of such a systemic and participatory approach and briefly sketches how the results can be utilised in more sustainable governance processes in the development of bioeconomy strategies. We conclude that our adapted MARISCO methodology offers a viable tool to make more visible the perspectives and knowledge of biomass producers for policymakers and to contribute to a much-needed discursive shift in bioeconomy debates towards more holistic and inclusive perspectives. KW - Bio-based economy; Participatory methods; Social-ecological systems; Intensification; Agriculture Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4205 SN - 2352-5509 IS - 31 SP - 557 EP - 568 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Amponsem, Bright A1 - Bensah, Edem Cudjoe A1 - Ahiekpor, Julius Cudjoe A1 - Cremer, Tobias A1 - Herold, Nadine A1 - Antwi, Edward A1 - Mensah, Isaac A1 - Narra, Satyanarayana A1 - Boahen, Benjamin T1 - Cleaner energy potential analysis for composite biomass residues from decentralized sawmills in Ghana- A case study for Oforikrom Municipality JF - Cleaner Engineering and Technology N2 - The variation of wood species processed in sawmills in developing countries generates composite waste which presents treatment challenges due to a lack of understanding of their physicochemical characteristics for proper planning for clean energy generation. Most of the waste is discarded or burnt openly which releases harmful gases into the environment. This study investigated the physicochemical characteristics of mixed sawdust generated from five wood species generated at a Ghanaian sawmill in Oforikrom Municipality for improving waste treatment. The particle size distribution (PSD), bulk density, proximate and ultimate values, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and structural analysis were used to characterize the composite sawdust for briquetting and gasification purposes. It was found that the net heating value (17.46 MJ/kg), some proximate and ultimate values meet briquette standard but high percentages of ash (2.95%), moisture (41.48%) and the possibility of nitrogen oxides emissions were notable challenges. PSD resulted in different high fine fractions which are unsuitable for densification. The increase of sieving amplitudes at 30, 50 and 80 rpm generated an average increase in sieve efficiency of fines by 4.22%. Mixing of fines (42.38–46.6%) and optimum particle size (53.40–57.62%) fractions was suggested as the best approach to enhance briquette density and durability. The FTIR spectra showed a range of peaks such as 1734.46 cm−1, 1620.48 cm−1, 1506.50 cm−1, 1462.02 cm−1, 1420.32 cm−1 etc. for functional groups identification. Composite sawdust spectra showed high absorbance with no shift of wavenumbers compared with temperate woods, however, it deviated massively when compared with industrial cellulose and organosolv lignin. TGA indicated that exact mixed wood pyrolysis temperatures, volatile and biochar fractions will always depend on sample compositions. The increase in heating rates yielded little significance to volatiles and char increments. Collection of clean sawdust and rooftop drying were recommended as a way of enhancing sawdust properties. Composite sawdust has a promising potential to support Ghana's activities for meeting the renewable energy generation targets. The understanding of these potential assessments is significant to boost the local municipality energy supply. KW - Composite sawdust; Heating value; Structural compositions; Particle size distribution; Thermogravimetric analysis; Bioenergy Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6154 SN - 2666-7908 IS - 11 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Birdman, Jodie A1 - Barth, Matthias A1 - Lang, Daniel J. T1 - Connecting curricula and competence through student learning journeys JF - Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy N2 - This research examines the connection between higher education curricula for sustainable development and student development of key competencies for sustainability. The authors conducted a comparative case study that followed ten students from three graduate sustainability programs. Through a combination of student-generated and contextual data, we created a set of learning journeys. These journeys showed that activities which foster reflection, interaction, and real-world connections are especially critical for competence development as part of the whole curriculum. What and how students found most useful depended on individual disposition and we identified four general categories based on prior experience, attitude to learning, and individual goals. Barriers to competency development were frustration, feelings of helplessness, and being unable to link competence to concrete activities or concepts. These barriers could be mitigated through peer interaction and mentorship, environmental support such as spaces for collaboration, and instructor scaffolding. Because no single course can fit the needs of each student, we recommend that beneficial components in the form of courses that support the above-mentioned activities be part of purposeful curriculum design. KW - Higher education; sustainability education; education for sustainable development; competence development; curriculum Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4240 SN - 1548-7733 IS - 18/1 SP - 560 EP - 575 PB - Taylor & Francis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bashutska, U. B. A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - Екологічне оцінювання деревини робінії звичайної та рекультивованих відвалів шахт як резервної території для її вирощування JF - Scientific Bulletin of UNFU N2 - Раціональне користування природними ресурсами є необхідним для сталого розвитку. Потребою сьогодення є використання екологічної сировини, яка спричиняє мінімальний вплив на довкілля та здоров'я людини під час її виробництва, використання й утилізації. Проаналізовано екологічну цінність деревини робінії звичайної на підставі вивчення її застосування та ринків збуту у Німеччині. Відзначено подібність її деревини за хімічним складом і властивостями із деревиною тропічних видів дерев, а також можливість заготівлі екологічно сприйнятливими способами. Вивчено можливість вирощування цього інтродукованого виду рослин на рекультивованих породних відвалах за умови екологічного моніторингу. Опрацьовано інформацію про насадження робінії звичайної у північно-східній низовині Німеччини. Проаналізовано будову, властивості деревини робінії та її можливе використання. Розглянуто принципи сортування та відповідні критерії якості деревини робінії. Здійснено порівняння ринків робінії у Бранденбурзі (Німеччина) та Угорщині. Запропоновано заходи щодо збільшення використання робінії. Розглянуто порушені землі Малого Полісся, як резервні території отримання екологічної деревини робінії звичайної. Екологічно обґрунтованим є відведення для цього порушених добуванням вугілля територій у сприятливих лісорослинних районах. Фітомеліоративні властивості робінії звичайної роблять її перспективним видом для залісення новоутворених екотопів із широкою екологічною амплітудою в умовах Малого Полісся. Наявність насипних рекультиваційних ґрунтів є необхідною умовою для приживання та рівномірного росту і розвитку робінієвих культур в умовах породних відвалів шахт. Якість та продуктивність робінієвих насаджень залежать від фізико-хімічних властивостей шарів насипних ґрунтів та мікрокліматичних особливостей екотопів відвалів. Це зумовлює відмінності в рості й розвитку робінієвих насаджень, впливає на показники якості деревини робінії і зумовлює шляхи її можливого використання. Меліоративна функція робінієвих насаджень на післягірничих ландшафтах є особливо важливою у час зміни клімату. Продуктивна функція робінієвих насаджень на післягірничих ландшафтах дає підставу розглядати їх як додаткове джерело біологічно стійкої деревини. N2 - The rational use of natural resources is essential for sustainable development. The use of environmentally friendly raw materials, which has minimal environmental impact in its processing, is necessity today. The ecological value of the black locust wood is analyzed based on the study of its use and on the markets in Germany. It is a valuable tree like tropical tree species. It can be obtained by environmentally friendly procurement methods. Therefore, the possibility of growing this invasive species of plants on reclaimed coal-mining dumps under environmental monitoring has been studied. The plantations peculiarities of the black locust plant in the Northeast Lowland of Germany were investigated. The structure, properties of the work wood, and its possibilities of use were analyzed. The principles of sorting and corresponding quality criteria for the wood of the work were considered. We made comparison of the markets in Brandenburg (Germany) and Hungary. Measures to increase the use of work are suggested. The disrupted lands of the Male Polissya are considered as reserve territories for receiving ecological wood of the black locust. It is environmentally justifiable to set aside for this affected areas of coal mining in favourable forest areas. The phytomeliorative properties of black locust tree make it a promising species for afforestation of newly formed ecotopes with wide ecological amplitude in Male Polissya conditions. The creation of reclamation layers of loose soils is a prerequisite for ensuring their uniform growth and development in the conditions of coal-mining dumps. The distribution of the main taxation indices of the black locust stands on the new soils depends on their physicochemical properties and on the microclimatic features of the dumps. This causes differences in the growth and development of black locust plantations, effects on the quality of the wood of black locust and determines the ways of its possible use. Land reclamation effect of black locust plantations is associated with production effect. Simultaneously with receiving the black locust wood, the environmental situation will be getting better, because black locust can protect soil from erosion due to its root system. This is especially important in times of climate change. Black locust plantations on reclaimed coal-mining dumps can be considered as an additional source of the biologically stable wood. T2 - Ecological assessment of black locust wood and coal-mining dumps, as a reserve area for its cultivation KW - захист навколишнього середовища; екологічні міркування; біологічно стійка деревина; післягірничий ландшафт; сталий розвиток KW - environmental protection; ecological considerations; biologically stable wood; post-mining landscape; sustainable development Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4433 SN - 1994-7836 VL - 30 IS - 3 SP - 51 EP - 59 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Martens, Dörte A1 - Öztürk, Öyküm A1 - Rindt, Lara A1 - Twarok, Jana A1 - Steinhardt, Uta A1 - Molitor, Heike T1 - Supporting biodiversity: Structures of participatory actions in urban green spaces JF - Frontiers in Sustainable Cities N2 - Biodiversity loss is an important topic considering climate change, global warming, and even the reasoning of current and future animal-related diseases, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Urban biodiversity is also important because of the ecosystem services they provide, restorative benefits for well-being, and physical health of the people who live in urban areas. Each city has its own strategies to cope with this issue, and these strategies do not function without the contribution of habitants of the cities. We developed an index (BBS) of the existing possibilities to support urban biodiversity in Berlin to measure the awareness and willingness of the Berliners to participate and support urban biodiversity. A survey was conducted in a face-to-face situation in four districts of Berlin with 431 urban residents, measuring preference for three different levels of biodiversity, connectedness to residential greenspace, neighborhood and city, nature relatedness, and willingness in participatory actions around greenspace. The results show that the high biodiversity condition in a photo scenario was preferred by most residents, indicating the appreciation for urban biodiversity. The connectedness to the residential greenspace was high (and higher than the connectedness to neighborhood and city), showing large potential for quality of life. While the overall willingness to participate in actions to support urban greenspace was rather high, our index shows substantial differences in activities, which are perceived more or less. This is a key result for urban park management to increase urban biodiversity participation processes. KW - biodiversity KW - participation KW - urban greenspace KW - nature relatedness KW - connectedness KW - preference Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3636 SN - 2624-9634 VL - 4 PB - Frontiers Media S.A. ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lenz, Claudia A1 - Wolff, Ian A1 - Beyer, Mario A1 - Koch, Gerald A1 - Pfriem, Alexander T1 - DMP: Predictability of color changes of wood used indoor - A new approach to evaluate the colour change as a function of the radiation dose. Research Data Management Questionnaire N2 - This is a data management plan for the DFG research project "Predictability of color changes of wood used indoor - A new approach to evaluate the color change as a function of the radiation dose". DFG Funding code / Project number: 442135169 Project website: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/442135169?language=en This data management plan (DMP) applies to the Research Data Management Organizer (RDMO) questionnaire and was operated with the RDMO software: https://rdmorganiser.github.io/en/ KW - data management plan; wood; radiation dose; photo-induced color changes; chromophore; natural and artificial irradiation; European wood species; interior; sunlight exposure; physics; chemistry; spectroscopic measurement methods Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8237 N1 - Version 3 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - de Miguel-Díez, Felipe A1 - Tolosana-Esteban, Eduardo A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - 3D-Simulation of Wood Stacks to Analyze the Influence of Log Properties on Stack Volume T2 - Environmental Sciences Proceeding N2 - The quantification of the solid wood content in a wood stack has been an object of investigation since the 18th century. Particularly, the log parameters exert a considerable influence on the volume of the stack, such as (1) the log midpoint diameter, (2) average bark thickness, (3) crookedness, and (4) log taper. Although many of these parameters have already been studied and some are already considered in many countries when measuring wood stacks, their influence has not been analyzed individually so far since a broad statistical database is needed and the data collection is very costly. Consequently, a 3D-simulation model was developed based on a cross-platform game engine. This model generates virtual wood stacks based on a data set of logs which are defined by the user. The simulation of a stack can be done in a few seconds only and each stack generated can be visualized once all iterations are done. The simulation results are the stacked cubic volume, solid wood cubic volume, and the respective conversion factors. The model, fed with both real data and user-defined data, allows for a detailed analysis of the effect of each parameter on the results, as the user can vary their values discretionary. To obtain the first results from real data, 1000 logs of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were measured. The first simulations based on these data show reliable results and it is possible to quantify the influence of the proportion of crooked wood in a pile on the stack volume and the conversion factor. In addition, the results are highly in line with the real trials that have already been performed in parallel. A further scientific evaluation and statistical analysis will be done in a second study phase. However, the model already provides a reasonable tool that is easy to apply for the forest and wood industry in order to make the most accurate estimate possible of the solid wood content in a wood pile. KW - conversion factors; log properties; stack volume; solid wood content; roundwood measurement Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4452 SN - 2673-4931 IS - 3(1) PB - MDPI ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wolff, Ian A1 - Lenz, Claudia A1 - Panitz, Michael A1 - Pfriem, Alexander T1 - Chart for the Core Objectives of Data Publishing within Technical Infrastructure for Research Data Management N2 - Academic data stewardship at universities has to fulfil many different roles. One of the most important is to build up a connection to researchers and bridge the gap between research data infrastructure and researchers. Different scientific communities have different requirements for research data management and expectations regarding text and data publication. In many of the sub-disciplines of engineering sciences, research data management practices are not established so far. When it comes to contact between data stewards and researchers, a common knowledge base has to be established to become clear about why and what actions for research data management has to take, that engineering researchers can adapt them for their research data management practices. Many research data management standards have to take into consideration. However, to this point of time, the research data management community lacks for data literacy graphics to explain how the technical data management ecosystem works together with standards like the findability, accessibility, interoperability and reuse (FAIR) principles. Therefore, we developed a graphic for data literacy and consulting scenarios. KW - data literacy; research data management; engineering sciences; chart Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8240 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bernhard, Miriam A1 - Gossel, Britta M. A1 - Will, Andreas ED - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Publizistik- und Kommunikationswissenschaft e.V., T1 - Der Zusammenhang zwischen der strategischen Technologieorientierung und dem organisationalen Lernen in Medienorganisationen T2 - Internet-Intermediäre und virtuelle Plattformen medienökonomisch betrachtet: Proceedings zur Jahrestagung der Fachgruppe Medienökonomie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Publizistik- und Kommunikationswissenschaft 2021, Hamburg N2 - Zukunftstechnologien üben schon seit geraumer Zeit Transformationsdruck auf Medienorganisationen aus (Küng, 2008). Medienorganisationen sind daher gezwungen, gezielt zu reagieren, sich zu verändern und zu lernen. Ein theoretisches Konstrukt, das diesen Prozess erklärt, ist die Theorie des organisationalen Lernens (OL) (Senge, 2006). In der allgemeinen Managementforschung ist OL bereits ein etablierter theoretische Ansatz (Dick, 2005), bei Medienorganisationen wurde OL bislang kaum erforscht (Bernhard & Will, 2021). Die strategische Orientierung der Organisation stellt eine Möglichkeit zur Förderung des OL dar (Seçkin-Halaç, 2019). Insbesondere die strategische Technologieorientierung (TO) könnte in Anbetracht von Zukunftstechnologien hilfreich für OL sein (ebd.). Vor diesem Hintergrund beschäftigt sich dieser Beitrag mit der folgenden Frage: Besteht ein Zusammenhang zwischen der Technologieorientierung (TO) und dem organisationalen Lernen (OL) in Medienorganisationen? Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage wurde eine explorative Onlineumfrage (Zeitraum: Dez. 2020 bis Jan. 2021) unter deutschen Medienmanager*innen (N=46) durchgeführt. Für die Untersuchung wurden die Instrumente von Hakala & Kohtamäki (2011) für die TO und von Marsick & Watkins (2003) für das OL übernommen. Die Umfragedaten wurden mithilfe der Rangkorrelation nach Spearman analysiert. Kernergebnis der Untersuchung ist, dass ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen TO und OL besteht. KW - Technologieorientierung; Organisationales Lernen; Medienorganisationen; Zeitungsverlage Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4615 SP - 163 EP - 176 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zuberi, Mehwish T1 - Between Disconnects and Flows: Reflections on Doing Fieldwork in Rural South Punjab during the Covid-19 Pandemic JF - Südasien-Chronik - South Asia Chronicle KW - Qualitative Fieldwork; Rural; Covid-19; Insider-Outsider; Positionality; Geography; Pakistan Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6186 SN - 978-3-86004-348-6 VL - 11 SP - 521 EP - 540 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Cieslewicz, Kira A1 - Lang, Daniel A1 - Barth, Matthias T1 - Der europäische Weg T2 - Ökologisches Wirtschaften N2 - Für eine nachhaltige Zukunftsgestaltung spielt es eine zentrale Rolle, Digitalisierung in den Dienst einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung zu stellen. Neben dem chinesischen und dem US‑amerikanischen Modell bleibt die Frage offen, ob sich hierfür ein alternativer, spezifisch europäischer Weg der Digitalisierung herausbilden kann. KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Digitalisierung KW - nachhaltige Entwicklung Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4040 IS - 37(1) SP - 8 EP - 9 PB - oekom Verlag CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Milestad, Rebecka A1 - von Münchhausen, Susanne A1 - Kvam, Gunn-Turid A1 - Schermer, Markus T1 - Managing growth in medium-sized organic businesses: Implications for local orientation and resilience building JF - Sociologia Ruralis N2 - This article explores how locally oriented organic businesses adapt to handle crises during a growth process to build resilience, how these businesses maintain the local orientation when growing and what the implications are for the relationship between territoriality and organic production. We explored four cases of organic businesses in Sweden, Norway, Germany and Austria. The cases can be described as Values-based Territorial Food Networks. All cases experienced challenges and crises during their growth processes and sought to provide stability and flexibility in order to deal with change. The restructuration process required internalising learning into their organisations, using diversity in a strategic way and forming long-term partnerships within their value chains. While organic certification was never at stake, the meaning of ‘local’ shifted in some of the cases. KW - adaptive capacity; local food; organic value chains; resilience; Values-Based Territorial Food Networks Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5631 SN - 0038-0199 SN - 1467-9523 VL - 63 IS - 1; Special Issue: Values-Based Territorial Food Networks' - Benefits, Challenges and Controversies SP - 45 EP - 65 PB - Wiley ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wolff, Ian ED - Haase, Claudia ED - Mertzen, Daniela ED - Musolff, Myriam ED - Panitz, Michael ED - Schiller, Carina ED - Schreiber, Stefanie ED - Spiecker, Claus ED - Wolff, Ian T1 - Auswertung Bedarfserhebung mit daraus folgenden Aktivitäten für die Hochschule für nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde T2 - IN-FDM-BB Werkstattbericht: W 1.2.2 Auswertung Bedarfserhebung mit daraus folgenden Aktivitäten N2 - Forschungsdatenmanagement (FDM) gewinnt an den Hochschulen in Brandenburg eine immer größere Bedeutung. Für den Aufbau und die Institutionalisierung eines nachhaltigen FDM an den brandenburgischen Hochschulen ist eine möglichst genaue Ermittlung des aktuellen Kenntnisstandes der Forschenden und deren Bedarfe bezüglich des Umgangs mit Forschungsdaten erforderlich. Hierzu diente die Bedarfserhebung, die im Rahmen des vom BMBF und dem MWFK geförderten Projekts IN-FDM-BB durchgeführt wurde. Beteiligt an der brandenburgweiten Umfrage waren alle acht staatlichen forschenden Hochschulen: vier Universitäten (die Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus – Senftenberg (BTU), die Filmuniversität Babelsberg KONRAD WOLF (FB), die Europa-Universität Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder) (EUV) und die Universität Potsdam (UP)) und vier Hochschulen für Angewandte Wissenschaften (die Fachhochschule Potsdam (FHP), die Hochschule für nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde (HNEE), die Technische Hochschule Brandenburg (THB) und die Technische Hochschule Wildau (THW)). Die Hochschulen unterscheiden sich erheblich in ihrer Größe und fachlichen Ausrichtung. So hat die UP deutlich über 20.000 Studierende und über 1.900 Professor*innen und akademische Mitarbeiter*innen, die FB hingegen, weniger als 1.000 Studierende und ca. 140 Professor*innen und akademische Mitarbeiter*innen. Landesweit sind fast alle Fachdisziplinen vertreten, jedoch mit unterschiedlichen Schwerpunkten je Hochschule. Das Ziel der Bedarfserhebung war, den Kenntnisstand bezüglich des professionellen Umgangs mit Forschungsdaten der Forschenden an den einzelnen Hochschulen zu ermitteln, FDM-Bedarfe zu erkennen und daraus mögliche FDM-Aktivitäten für die jeweilige Hochschule abzuleiten. Die Bedarfserhebung richtete sich daher in erster Linie an die Forschenden der jeweiligen Hochschule. KW - FDM; FDM-BB; IN-FDM-BB; Bedarfserhebung; Brandenburg; Forschende; Forschungsdatenmanagement Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8266 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - de Miguel-Díez, Felipe A1 - Reder, Stefan A1 - Wallor, Evelyn A1 - Bahr, Henrik A1 - Mund, Jan-Peter A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - Long Range and High-Speed Personal Laser Scanning (PLS) and Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) Technology in Roundwood Measurement T2 - Proceedings of the SilviLaser Conference 2021 Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4462 N1 - Proceedings of the SilviLaser Conference 2021, Vienna, Austria, 28–30 September 2021. Technische Universität Wien, 2021. DOI: 10.34726/wim.1861 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Molitor, Heike A1 - Peters, Jürgen A1 - Martens, Dörte A1 - Pretzsch, Maren A1 - Friede, Claudia A1 - Heimann, Jutta A1 - Wilitzki, Annemarie ED - Bundesamt für Naturschutz (BfN), T1 - Naturerfahrungsräume in Großstädten : Flächenentwicklung – Kinderspiel – rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen T3 - BfN-Skripten 560 N2 - Im Rahmen eines vom Bundesamt für Naturschutz (BfN) mit Mitteln des Bundesministeriums für Umwelt, Naturschutz und nukleare Sicherheit (BMU) geförderten Erprobungs- und Entwicklungs-(E+E-)Vorhabens „Naturerfahrungsräume in Großstädten am Beispiel Berlin“ wurde in einer viereinhalbjährigen Begleituntersuchung die Neueinrichtung von Naturerfahrungsräumen (NER) in Berlin wissenschaftlich untersucht. Das zu Grunde gelegte Konzept der NER für Großstädte in Deutschland knüpft an die Vorarbeiten von Schemel & Wilke (2008) und Stopka & Rank (2013) an. Gegenstand der wissenschaftlichen Begleitung sind die neu eingerichteten Berliner NER „Wilde Welt“ am Spieroweg in Spandau, an der Moorwiese in Pankow und auf dem Kienberg in Marzahn-Hellersdorf. Alle drei untersuchten NER haben einen räumlichen Bezug zu Großwohnsiedlungen. Sie variieren sowohl in ihrer Größe (von 0,54 ha bis 1,58 ha) als auch in ihrer Vegetationsausstattung. Weiterentwicklungen des Konzeptes sind eine Anbindung der Pilotflächen an Einrichtungen der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe sowie die Beschäftigung von Kümmer(er)*innen. Darüber hinaus wurden Erfahrungen in der Einrichtung und im Betrieb bisheriger NER in ganz Deutschland ausgewertet. Ziel der wissenschaftlichen Begleitung war es, in einem interdisziplinären Ansatz einerseits das Spielverhalten von Kindern in NER sowie die Akzeptanz dieser Räume zu untersuchen. Andererseits ging es darum, die gesetzlichen und institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen, die für die Einrichtung und den Betrieb der NER förderlich oder hemmend wirken, zu analysieren. Drittens sollte der Zusammenhang zwischen dem Spielverhalten der Kinder und der Entwicklung von Flora, Vegetation und Fauna auf diesen Flächen untersucht werden, um hieraus Rückschlüsse auf die Größe und Ausstattung von NER und auf die Notwendigkeit pflegerischer Eingriffe ziehen zu können. In der Begleituntersuchung wurden die drei Arbeitsbereiche Lebensqualität (Spielverhalten, Gesundheitsvorsorge, (pädagogische) Begleitung durch Kümmer(er)*innen, Akzeptanz, Partizipation), Planungsqualität (gesetzliche Rahmenbedingungen, Betreiber*innen-Modelle, Flächengestaltung, Sicherheit und Haftung) und ökologische Qualität (Entwicklung von Flora, Vegetation und Fauna, Nutzungsspuren und Flächenentwicklung, Flächenpflege) unterschieden. Entsprechend des Umfangs des Untersuchungsgegenstandes kam eine Vielzahl von Erhebungsmethoden zum Einsatz. Für den Bereich Lebensqualität war die Beobachtung des Spielverhaltens von Kindern ein wesentlicher methodischer Baustein. Darüber hinaus wurden Interviews mit relevanten Akteur*innen (Kümmer(er)*innen, Pädagog*innen, Kinder und Eltern) dieses Bereiches geführt. Im Bereich der Planungsqualität sind mithilfe von Expert*inneninterviews Erkenntnisse über hemmende und fördernde Bedingungen in der Einrichtung und im Betrieb der NER gewonnen worden. Zusätzlich wurde eine mit der Materie vertraute Anwaltskanzlei hinzugezogen, die den Stand des Wissens zur Bedeutung der Verkehrssicherungspflicht und zu den Möglichkeiten der planungsrechtlichen Verankerung von NER zusammenfassend darstellte. Für den Bereich der ökologischen Qualität sind in den NER Flora (Gefäßpflanzenarten), Biotoptypen, Vegetationsstruktur und aussagekräftige Tiergruppen (Avifauna, Tagfalter und tag- aktive Nachtfalter, Heuschrecken und Grillen) über einen Zeitraum von vier Jahren untersucht worden. Die Dokumentation von Trampelpfaden und eine Fotodokumentation des Zustands der Vegetationsentwicklung über die Jahre stellten einen weiteren methodischen Baustein dar. Im Ergebnis zeigte sich, dass das Spielverhalten von Kindern auf NER wesentlich vielfältiger ist als auf herkömmlichen Kinderspielplätzen. Gerade die natürliche Ausstattung der NER und damit verbunden der Aufforderungscharakter der unterschiedlichen natürlichen Elemente führt zu einem komplexeren Spielverhalten, die Kreativität und Fantasie der Kinder wird gefördert. Kinder machen nicht nur wichtige und vielfältige Naturerfahrungen, sie werden auch in ihrem Sozialverhalten positiv unterstützt. So profitieren gerade Kinder, die in einer Großstadt aufwachsen, wenig Zugang zur Natur haben und stärker unter dem Natur-Entfremdungssyndrom leiden, von dem Besuch eines NER. Der Aufenthalt in natürlicher Umwelt wirkt sich auch positiv auf Gesundheitsaspekte aus, beispielsweise auf Selbstwirksamkeit, Wohlbefinden, Verantwortungsgefühl und Erholung. Herauszustellen ist die Bedeutung des/der Kümmer(ers)*in für den erfolgreichen Betrieb eines NER. Dieser/Diese Kümmer(er)*in ist Ansprechperson für Kinder aber auch für pädagogische Fachkräfte, Eltern und die Nachbarschaft. Zudem sorgt er/sie für die Sicherheit und Sauberkeit im NER und beteiligt die Kinder bei der Pflege und dem Unterhalt im NER. Viele Eltern unterstützen grundsätzlich den Besuch ihres Kindes in einem NER. Die Akzeptanz der Eltern hinsichtlich des Aufenthaltes der Kinder im NER ist besonders groß, wenn die Kinder bei der Planung und Einrichtung des NER beteiligt waren. In Hinblick auf die planungsrechtliche Entwicklung ist es bedeutsam, dass neben der Einführung des NER im Bundesnaturschutzgesetz im Jahre 2009 nunmehr auch die Bestrebung besteht, den Begriff im Baugesetzbuch zu verankern. NER sollten als wichtige Bestandteile eines städtischen Grünflächensystems gerade auch in hoch verdichteten Stadträumen in den Flächennutzungs- und Bebauungsplänen der Kommunen rechtssicher festgesetzt werden können. Vorbildhaft zeigen sich außerhalb Berlins 14 weitere Groß- und Mittelstädte, in denen bereits NER oder dem Konzept entsprechende Flächen eingerichtet werden konnten. Einige andere deutsche Kommunen haben bereits von dem Konzept gehört und planen selbst die Einrichtung solcher Flächen. Diese Bestrebungen sind zu unterstützen. Unsicherheiten in der Einschätzung der Verkehrssicherungspflicht für NER halten offenbar immer noch viele Kommunen davon ab, NER einzurichten und zu betreiben. Hierauf deuten Aussagen von Kommunalvertretern hin. Ein aktives Sicherheitsmanagement, das bereits in der Planung und Gestaltung der Flächen ansetzt, kann die Risiken für den/die Flächenbetreiber*in auf ein Minimum beschränken. Auch hier, das haben die Aussagen der Betreiber*innen von NER gezeigt, ist die institutionelle Verankerung eines/einer Kümmer(ers)*in und die vertrauensvolle Kooperation zwischen Flächeneigentümer*in, Flächenbetreibenden und für die Pflege Verantwortlichen für ein erfolgreiches Sicherheitsmanagement wesentlich. Die ökologische Begleituntersuchung zeigte, dass die als Pilotflächen ausgewählten NER eine artenreiche Flora und Fauna aufweisen. Positiv für eine hohe Artenvielfalt der betrachteten Artengruppen ist eine Mischung aus unterschiedlichen Vegetationsbereichen, die eine hohe Strukturvielfalt ergeben. Beim Kinderspiel kommt es zu leichten Abnutzungserscheinungen wie Trampelpfaden und Rindenschäden an Gehölzen. Die Nutzung führte im Untersuchungszeitraum nicht zu einem Verlust gefährdeter Tier- und Pflanzenarten und beeinträchtigte nicht die Gesamtartenzahlen der untersuchten Tiergruppen. Das Kinderspiel sorgte allerdings für eine gewisse Dynamik in der Vielfalt der Pflanzenarten über die Zeit. Die Vegetationsstruktur wird davon aber nur kleinräumig beeinflusst. Andere Faktoren wie der Witterungsverlauf in den Untersuchungsjahren, die natürliche Sukzession sowie Bau-, Sicherungs- und Pflegemaßnahmen sind entscheidender. Da Bau- und Pflegemaßnahmen auch die Fauna beeinflussen, sollten diese behutsam durchgeführt werden und in für Flora und Fauna unproblematischen Zei- ten erfolgen. Anfangsgestaltungen und Sicherungsmaßnahmen erhöhen aber auch die Strukturvielfalt, was auf längere Sicht zu einer Zunahme der Artenvielfalt führen kann. Die Nutzung der NER kann also im Rahmen der untersuchten Parameter im Untersuchungszeitraum als nachhaltig angesehen werden. Die NER blieben attraktiv für das Kinderspiel. Ein längerfristig angelegtes ökologisches Monitoring kann weitergehende Erkenntnisse liefern, um die richtige Balance zwischen Nutzungsintensität und ökologischer Flächenentwicklung zu finden. Insgesamt lässt sich schon jetzt das Fazit ziehen, dass die Einrichtung von NER die Lebensbedingungen von Kindern und deren Familien in hochverdichteten Stadträumen wirksam verbessern kann. Als wichtiger Bestandteil des städtischen Grünflächensystems leisten Naturerfahrungsräume zudem einen wichtigen Beitrag für das Mikroklima und die Biotop- und Artenvielfalt in den Städten. Insofern ist zu hoffen, dass das Konzept der NER eine rasche Verbreitung in den Städten und Kommunen finden wird. Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5073 SN - 978-3-89624-298-3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gossel, Britta M. T1 - Analogies in Entrepreneurial Communication and Strategic Communication: Definition, Delimitation of Research Programs and Future Research JF - International Journal of Strategic Communication N2 - This article aims to build a better understanding of entrepreneurial communication and strategic communication. The term entrepreneurial is finding its way into the discussion of communication science in general and strategic communication in particular, for example, through the consideration of startups. So far, the term entrepreneurial communication remains vague, is hardly defined and is not systematically distinguished from strategic communication. By applying an analogies lens in the context of problematizing, differences between the terms entrepreneurial and strategic in entrepreneurial communication and strategic communication are explored based on selected given definitions. As a result, three unifying dimensions – development stage, mode, and logic – are developed to highlight fundamental differences between the two terms. To create potential for a future creation of entrepreneurial communication as research program, and to elaborate on future potential for strategic communication in relation to this, central theoretical approaches in entrepreneurship research and their potential to research entrepreneurial communication are explored. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4659 SN - 1553-118X VL - 16 IS - 2 SP - 134 EP - 156 PB - Taylor & Francis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gan, Lu A1 - Halik, Ümüt A1 - Shi, Lei A1 - Welp, Martin T1 - Multi-scenario dynamic prediction of ecological risk assessment in an arid area of northwest China JF - Ecological Indicators N2 - Ecological security is essential for the development of environmental health and human society. However, the driving mechanisms and spatial non-stationarity of ecological risks are still unknown, particularly in arid areas. Thus, this study constructed an ecological risk index (ERI) research framework in arid areas based on land use and socio-economic data from 1980 to 2020 to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution trend, driving mechanisms, and spatial non-stationarity of ecological risk and predict the ecological risk under business-as-usual, economic development, and ecological protection scenarios using a patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model. The results show that: (1) cropland and build-up land were expanding, whereas forestland and grassland water bodies were shrinking. Compared with the two development stages from 1980 to 2000 and from 2000 to 2020, cropland increased by 4.73% and 51.52%, respectively, whereas build-up land increased by 12.64% and 106.52%, respectively, indicating rapid development and drastic changes in the past 20 years. (2) With the change in landscape diversity, the regional ecological risks showed an increasing trend, whereas the future ecological risks showed an increasing trend because of the cumulative effect of landscape pattern changes caused by human activities. (3) Moreover, dramatic changes in ecological risk, particularly in areas of intense human activity in build-up land, agricultural land, artificial oases, and mountainous areas. Corresponding to the analysis of driving mechanisms, population, GDP, distance to government, water, and primary roads; have a significant effect on ecological risk, whereas DEM has direct and indirect effect paths. Ultimately, the proposed analysis framework can present the spatiotemporal changes of ecological risks and their influencing mechanisms, which can help develop sustainable development policies. KW - Ecological risk assessment; Driving factors; Scenario simulations; Arid areas Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8274 VL - 154 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gillich, Benjamin A1 - Michler, Frank-Uwe A1 - Stolter, Caroline A1 - Lorenz, Antje A1 - Metze, Katrin A1 - Tischew, Sabine A1 - Rieger, Siegfried T1 - Space–time interactions between free-ranging red deer (Cervus elaphus) and grazing livestock on a fenced pasture JF - European Journal of Wildlife Research N2 - Livestock farming, which produces milk and meat, is practised by nearly all cultures. But in addition to this, grazing livestock fulfils other fundamentally important roles, one of which is the maintenance of open landscapes, which in turn provides habitat for many rare plant and animal species. Whether wild large herbivores, such as red deer (Cervus elaphus), benefit from the management of the open landscapes is unknown, and there are conflicting views on the nature of the interaction between livestock and wildlife. To investigate this question, we studied interactions in space and time between red deer and livestock in an 787 ha fenced pasture in eastern Germany. First, we used faecal pellet counts to determine whether red deer were using the fenced pasture and whether livestock were using the entire available pasture. Second, we fitted ten red deer, as well as eight Konik horses (Equus ferus caballus) and eight Heck cattle (Bos taurus) with GPS-collars. These data allowed us to perform analyses of space–time interactions. The faecal pellet data showed that red deer did indeed use the fenced pasture and that livestock used the entire extent of the pasture. Further, we verified a neutral space–time interaction between red deer and livestock within the pasture. Thus, there was no indication of a negative effect of the presence of livestock on red deer inside the pasture. For these reasons, we recommend that low-intensity grazing by cattle and horses can maintain open landscapes without detrimental effects on the use of the area by red deer. KW - Bos taurus; Cervus elaphus; Equus ferus caballus; Fenced pastures; Grazing animals; Interaction behaviour Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6467 VL - 69 IS - 3 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tietze, Nikola A1 - Gerhold, Lars A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. T1 - Policy narratives in forest fire management T2 - Environmental Research Letters N2 - As the risk of forest fires increases around the globe, the issues of how to control, suppress, and prevent them are the subjects of growing public and political attention. This study focuses on the political debate in Germany regarding forest fires and provides insights into the conceptualization of forest fires and forest fire management at the federal and state policymaking levels. By examining forest fire narratives through the policy lens, this case study takes an exemplary extreme weather event exacerbated by climate change as an opportunity to examine the policy response to this problem. In this way, we examine the role of policy narratives in civil and environmental protection and disaster management. The findings reveal that all politicians examined in this study agree that forest fire management is an urgent matter that needs to be supported. In the prevailing human-centered narrative, policymakers see active forest management and use as tools to improve forest resilience to fire and other calamities. Those who advocate a nature-based narrative assert that it is natural processes in protected forest areas that most effectively enhance resilience. The policy solutions derived from these views include financial support, recognition of the work of foresters, forest fire managers, and civil protection agencies as well as, depending on the type of narrative argument favored, either increased forest management or improved protection of forest ecologies. This suggests that narrative analysis may illuminate the rationales underlying previous policy decisions and the framework for future ones. This contribution throws light on how narratives shape policymaking and, by extension, disaster management. Future studies should therefore take into account the influence of prevailing narratives when it comes to evaluating the potential that policymaking can offer for disaster management in the future. KW - policymaking; forest fire management; narratives; decision-making; forest fire Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8193 SN - 1748-9326 VL - 18 PB - IOP Publishing Ltd ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paul, Carsten A1 - Bartkowski, Bartosz A1 - Dönmez, Cenk A1 - Don, Axel A1 - Mayer, Stefanie A1 - Steffens, Markus A1 - Weigl, Sebastian A1 - Wiesmeier, Martin A1 - Wolf, André A1 - Helming, Katharina T1 - Carbon farming: Are soil carbon certificates a suitable tool for climate change mitigation? JF - Journal of Environmental Management N2 - Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in agricultural soils removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and contributes towards achieving carbon neutrality. For farmers, higher SOC levels have multiple benefits, including increased soil fertility and resilience against drought-related yield losses. However, increasing SOC levels requires agricultural management changes that are associated with costs. Private soil carbon certificates could compensate for these costs. In these schemes, farmers register their fields with commercial certificate providers who certify SOC increases. Certificates are then sold as voluntary emission offsets on the carbon market. In this paper, we assess the suitability of these certificates as an instrument for climate change mitigation. From a soils' perspective, we address processes of SOC enrichment, their potentials and limits, and options for cost-effective measurement and monitoring. From a farmers’ perspective, we assess management options likely to increase SOC, and discuss their synergies and trade-offs with economic, environmental and social targets. From a governance perspective, we address requirements to guarantee additionality and permanence while preventing leakage effects. Furthermore, we address questions of legitimacy and accountability. While increasing SOC is a cornerstone for more sustainable cropping systems, private carbon certificates fall short of expectations for climate change mitigation as permanence of SOC sequestration cannot be guaranteed. Governance challenges include lack of long-term monitoring, problems to ensure additionality, problems to safeguard against leakage effects, and lack of long-term accountability if stored SOC is re-emitted. We conclude that soil-based private carbon certificates are unlikely to deliver the emission offset attributed to them and that their benefit for climate change mitigation is uncertain. Additional research is needed to develop standards for SOC change metrics and monitoring, and to better understand the impact of short term, non-permanent carbon removals on peaks in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations and on the probability of exceeding climatic tipping points. KW - Carbon sequestration KW - Emission offset KW - CDR KW - Permanence KW - Agriculture KW - Private governance Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8140 SN - 0301-4797 IS - 330 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Donmez, Cenk A1 - Schmidt, Marcus A1 - Cilek, Ahmet A1 - Grosse, Meike A1 - Paul, Carsten A1 - Hierold, Wilfried A1 - Helming, Katharina T1 - Climate change impacts on long-term field experiments in Germany JF - Agricultural Systems N2 - CONTEXT Long-Term Field Experiments (LTEs) were implemented to study the long-term effects of different management practices, including tillage, fertilization and crop rotation under otherwise constant conditions. Climate change is expected to change these conditions, challenging interpretation of LTE data with regard to the distinction between climate change and management effects. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to quantify the expected, spatially differentiated changes of agroclimatic conditions for the German LTE sites as a precondition for modelling and LTE data interpretation. METHODS We developed a framework combining spatially distributed climate data and LTE metadata to identify the possible climatic changes at 247 LTE sites with experiments running for 20 years or more. The LTEs were classified using the following categories: fertilization, tillage, crop rotation, field crops or grassland, conventional or organic. We utilized climate variables (temperature, precipitation) and agroclimatic indicators (aridity, growing degree days, etc.) to compare a baseline (1971–2000) with future periods (2021−2100) under the IPCC's Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSP). A comprehensive LTE risk assessment was conducted, based on changes in climate variables and agroclimatic indicators between baseline and future scenarios. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Under the most extreme scenario (SSP585), 150 LTEs are expected to shift from humid and dry sub-humid to semi-arid conditions. Frost days in LTE areas are expected to decline by 81%, and the growing season to lengthen by up to 92%. The spatial differentiation of expected climate change also facilitates the identification of suitable sites for future agricultural practices and may inform the design of new LTEs. SIGNIFICANCE Our results may guide the interpretation of LTE data regarding the effect of climate change, facilitating future soil crop modelling studies with LTE data and providing information for planning new LTE sites to support future agricultural research and/or adapting management on existing LTE sites. The framework we developed can easily be transferred to LTE sites in agricultural regions worldwide to support LTE research on climate change impacts and adaptation. KW - Long-term field experiments; Climate change; Agriculture; Soil quality; Agroclimatic indicators; Crop modelling Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8150 IS - 205 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kandel, Giri Prasad A1 - Bavorova, Miroslava A1 - Ullah, Ayat A1 - Kächele, Harald A1 - Pradhan, Prajal T1 - Building resilience to climate change: Examining the impact of agro-ecological zones and social groups on sustainable development JF - Sustainable Development N2 - Nepal is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change, which is negatively affecting agricultural production and food security. However, the role of agro-ecological zones and social groups in climate change adaptation (CCA) and its impact on smallholder farmers in Nepal remains unexplored. To fill this gap, this study aimed to identify the effect of agro-ecological zones and social groups on smallholder farmers' adaptation to climate change using the multivariate probit model. Multistage sampling was used to collect data from 400 households in three agro-ecological zones of Nepal. These zones were highland (mountainous region), midland (hilly region) and lowland (terai/plain region). The results of our study showed that farmers in the Mountain region are more likely to adopt off-farm activities and temporary migration as a CCA strategy than those in the Terai/plain agro-ecological zone. In the Terai/Plain, farmers mainly adopt small-scale irrigation and agroforestry. In terms of social groups, the Brahmin group was more likely to adopt new crop varieties and small-scale irrigation than the Sudra group. The Sudra farmers preferred temporary migration and off-farm activities more than the Brahmins. Our study shows that policies to promote the adoption of CCA strategies need to take into account location and social group differences in order to improve the adaptive capacity of the most vulnerable farmers. Mountain and Sudra farmers need support to adapt to climate change and sustain agriculture. KW - agro-ecological zones KW - climate change KW - multivariate probit model KW - social groups KW - sustainable development Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8226 SN - 0968-0802 VL - 31 IS - 5 SP - 3796 EP - 3810 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Madaki, Mustapha Yakubu A1 - Lehberger, Mira A1 - Bavorova, Miroslava A1 - Igbasan, Boluwatife Teniola A1 - Kächele, Harald T1 - Effectiveness of pesticide stakeholders’ information on pesticide handling knowledge and behaviour of smallholder farmers in Ogun State, Nigeria JF - Environment, Development and Sustainability N2 - Although pesticides ensure the quality and quantity of agricultural produce, they have adverse effects on farmers, their families, and consumers. Therefore, in order to reduce the unpleasant effects of pesticide use, stakeholders would be well advised to extend guidance and precautions to end users. The objective of this study was to determine the pesticide handling behaviour and the effectiveness of pesticide information on pesticide handling knowledge and personal protective equipment (PPE) use among farmers in southwest Nigeria. One hundred and fifty-six farmers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire in December 2019 and January 2020. The results revealed that a one-third of the farmers dispose their pesticide residues on the field, only 3% of the farmers dispose the hazardous pesticide waste at a collection point, and 65% of them dispose the empty containers indiscriminately. The majority of farmers never use respirators (79%), hats (60%), and boots (57%) when applying pesticides. Knowledge of pesticide application and waste management is low (58% of respondents scored less than 10 on a knowledge scale of 0–14). The result of the regression model shows that information from pesticide labels and farmer-to-farmer exchanges significantly increase farmers’ knowledge of pesticide handling and PPE use. Our results suggest that the effectiveness of current information provision to smallholder farmers on the correct use of pesticides is not sufficient. Therefore, we highlight the need for pesticide companies, distributors, and government agencies to intensify and further develop their efforts to empower smallholder farmers to improve their knowledge and use of pesticides. KW - Pesticide handling; Personal protective equipment; Pesticide information sources; Pesticide labels Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8213 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zakirova, Aksana A1 - Alff, Henryk A1 - Schmidt, Matthias T1 - Cash crop or food crop? socioeconomic and geopolitical factors affecting smallholder farmer crop selection in times of crisis in southwestern Tajikistan JF - Frontiers in Agronomy N2 - Tajikistan's agricultural sector, primarily dominated by cotton cultivation, has experienced significant changes since the Soviet era. Although farmers introduced food crops into agricultural production to ensure food security after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the government still mandates that cotton cultivation occupy a considerable portion of Tajikistan's limited irrigated land. However, following the recent Covid-19 pandemic crisis, farmers have encountered the need to reassess their agricultural practices, given constrained governmental assistance and a range of socioeconomic considerations. This research adopts resilience as a conceptual framework to examine the coping strategies of smallholder farmers in the Khatlon region of Tajikistan, with a specific emphasis on the period spanning from 2019 to 2022. At the outset, our research employed the snowballing technique to increase respondent participation, later transitioning to a representative sample size that facilitated the collection of qualitative data from around 100 semi-structured interviews, 10 focus groups, and personal visits to agricultural fields over the course of four years. The paper not only demonstrates the overall creativity of Tajikistani farmers in growing and selecting non-cotton crops in this most recent period of crisis, but also points to wealthier farmers’ generally greater willingness to adopt technological innovations and gain new knowledge to apply to them. Although these strategies have been taken in order to address farmers’ immediate needs in troubled times against the backdrop of the existing state cotton policy, their sustainability remains uncertain. While the qualitative focus of this study bears certain inherent limitations, the data collected nevertheless show that this period of crisis has been generative for many farmers as they seek out new methods of subsistence. KW - resilience; coping strategies; subsistence; post-Soviet; Covid-19; Central Asia Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7972 SN - 2673-3218 IS - 5 PB - Frontiers ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lenz, Claudia A1 - Gollee, Paul A1 - Kühn, Michael A1 - Leich, Christian A1 - Pfriem, Alexander ED - Larnøy, Erik T1 - Artificial irradiation (indoors) of European wood species at different irradiation intensities and at different temperatures T2 - Proceedings of the 19th Meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE) 10-12 October 2023 N2 - The background of the topic is to compare the colour changes at different irradiances and temperatures at constant relative humidity. The issue is important because evaluation in terms of irradiance has not been studied in more detail. Irradiation intensities were reported in many studies but tended to have metadata status. The concrete influence of the irradiance on chemical and colour changes in the wood remains open. This paper presents an approach to inquiry-based teaching within a basic research project. Initial results from a large-scale data series are presented here. Irradiance is the term for the total power of incoming electromagnetic energy striking a surface, related to the size of the area, measured in watts per square metre [W/m²]. KW - artificial irradiation KW - wood KW - indoors KW - colour changes KW - CIE L*a*b* Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7654 N1 - Please check the Repository of papers NORTHERN EUROPEAN NETWORK FOR WOOD SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING https://wsenetwork.org/ SP - 125 EP - 127 PB - Published with support from SNS – The Nordic Forest Research Cooperation Commitee CY - Ås, Norway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lautner, Silke A1 - Lenz, Claudia A1 - Hammel, Jörg A1 - Moosmann, Julian A1 - Kühn, Michael A1 - Caselle, Michele A1 - Vogelgesang, Matthias A1 - Kopmann, Andreas A1 - Beckmann, Felix T1 - Using SRμCT to define water transport capacity in Picea abies. SPIE Optics+Photonics Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7636 N1 - August 06-10, 2017, San Diego Convention Center, San Diego, California, USA ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lenz, Claudia A1 - Lautner, Silke T1 - Trockenheitsgefährdung und Anpassung unterschiedlicher Fichtenpopulationen (Fichte-Trockenheit) Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7641 N1 - Erste HNEE Nachhaltigkeitstage vom 20. bis 24. Mai 2019, Poster Präsentation von HNEE-Forschungsprojekten ER - TY - JOUR A1 - del Río, Miren A1 - Pretzsch, Hans A1 - Ruiz-Peinado, Ricardo A1 - Jactel, Hervé A1 - Coll, Lluís A1 - Löf, Magnus A1 - Aldea, Jorge A1 - Ammer, Christian A1 - Avdagić, Admir A1 - Barbeito, Ignacio A1 - Bielak, Kamil A1 - Bravo, Felipe A1 - Brazaitis, Gediminas A1 - Cerný, Jakub A1 - Collet, Catherine A1 - Condés, Sonia A1 - Drössler, Lars A1 - Fabrika, Marek A1 - Heym, Michael A1 - Holm, Stig-Olof A1 - Hylen, Gro A1 - Jansons, Aris A1 - Kurylyak, Viktor A1 - Lombardi, Fabio A1 - Matović, Bratislav A1 - Metslaid, Marek A1 - Motta, Renzo A1 - Nord-Larsen, Thomas A1 - Nothdurft, Arne A1 - den Ouden, Jan A1 - Pach, Maciej A1 - Pardos, Marta A1 - Poeydebat, Charlotte A1 - Ponette, Quentin A1 - Pérot, Tomas A1 - Reventlow, Ditlev Otto Juel A1 - Sitko, Roman A1 - Sramek, Vit A1 - Steckel, Mathias A1 - Svoboda, Miroslav A1 - Verheyen, Kris A1 - Vospernik, Sonja A1 - Wolff, Barbara A1 - Zlatanov, Tzvetan A1 - Bravo-Oviedo, Andrés T1 - Emerging stability of forest productivity by mixing two species buffers temperature destabilizing effect JF - Journal of Applied Ecology KW - additive effect KW - climate effect KW - forest ecosystems productivity KW - mixed forests KW - overyielding KW - species asynchrony KW - temporal stability Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5778 SN - 1365-2664 VL - 59 IS - 11 SP - 2730 EP - 2741 PB - Wiley ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schmidt, Henriette A1 - Schmidt, Markus A1 - Schweiger, Julienne M.-I. A1 - Lenz, Claudia A1 - Hartmann, Holger A1 - Pflugmacher, Candy A1 - Götz, Bernhard A1 - Gebauer, Gerhard A1 - Schill, Harald T1 - Climate sensitivity of rare native tree species in NE-Germany - A dendroecological and ecophysiological approach Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7610 N1 - Session 14: Forest Ecology - linking diversity and function, Poster 7; 48th annual meeting of the Ecological Society of Germany Austria and Switzerland (GfÖ), September 10-14, 2018, Vienna, Austria ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sanne, Moritz A1 - Kampe, Anja A1 - Lenz, Claudia A1 - Gossel, Stefan A1 - Wagner, Sabine A1 - Haibel, Astrid A1 - Melcher, Eckhard A1 - Leu, Carsten A1 - Pfriem, Alexander A1 - Lautner, Silke ED - Engelund Thybring, Emil T1 - Anatomical studies of wood treated with pressure pulse shock waves T2 - Proceedings of the 13th annual meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE2017) N2 - Similar to a normal wave, a shock wave travels as energy through matter but it causes an abrupt raise of pressure, temperature and density. In this study the influence of shock waves on wood structure were investigated in the light of possible future industrial utilization e.g. timber impregnating treatment. KW - shock wave; pressure pulse; impregnation; microtomography Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6841 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Franke, Tom A1 - Lenz, Claudia A1 - Hertrich, Sven A1 - Kehr, Martin A1 - Kuhnert, Niklas A1 - Munier, Leo Felix A1 - Schultz, Marcus A1 - Stepputat, Sören A1 - Herold, Nadine A1 - Pfriem, Alexander T1 - Künstliche Bewitterung von Buchenfurnier (Fagus sylvatica) imprägniert mit drei Phenolharzen unterschiedlichen Molekulargewichts Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7609 N1 - 17. Holztechnologisches Kolloquium 28.-29. April 2016, Dresden, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schweiger, Julienne A1 - Schmidt, Henriette A1 - Aas, Gregor A1 - Gebauer, Gerhard A1 - Götz, Bernhard A1 - Hartmann, Holger A1 - Lenz, Claudia A1 - Pflugmacher, Candy A1 - Schmidt, Markus A1 - Schill, Harald T1 - Carbon isotopes elucidate drought stress in rare native tree species in NE-Germany Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7627 N1 - Session 2: Stable isotopes in environmental research - bridging disciplines, organisms and processes, Poster 2.2, BayCEER Workshop 2019, October 10, 2019 - Campus University of Bayreuth, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lenz, Claudia A1 - Lautner, Silke A1 - Melcher, Eckhard A1 - Möller, Ralf ED - Wilson, P. T1 - Microscopic investigations concerning in situ copper oxalate formation T2 - Proceedings of the 10th annual meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE 2014) Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7597 N1 - October 13-14, 2014, Edinburgh, Scotland SP - 231 EP - 231 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gössling, Stefan A1 - Balas, Martin A1 - Mayer, Marius A1 - Sun, Ya-Yen T1 - A review of tourism and climate change mitigation: The scales, scopes, stakeholders and strategies of carbon management JF - Tourism Management N2 - Tourism needs to reduce emissions in line with other economic sectors, if the international community's objective of staying global warming at 1.5°-2.0 °C is to be achieved. This will require the industry to half emissions to 2030, and to reach net-zero by mid-century. Mitigation requires consideration of four dimensions, the Scales, Scopes, Stakeholders and Strategies of carbon management. The paper provides a systematic review of these dimensions and their interrelationships, with a focus on emission inventory comprehensiveness; allocation principles at different scales; clearly defined responsibilities for decarbonization; and the identification of significant mitigation strategies. The paper concludes that without mitigation efforts, tourism will deplete 40% of the world's remaining carbon budget to 1.5 °C. Yet, the most powerful decarbonization measures face major corporate, political and technical barriers. Without worldwide policy efforts at the national scale to manage the sector's emissions, tourism will turn into one of the major drivers of climate change. KW - Climate change; Decarbonization; Destination management; Net-zero emissions; I/O analysis; Science-based targets Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6510 SN - 1879-3193 VL - 95 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blumröder, Jeanette Silvin A1 - Schmidt, Frederic A1 - Gordon, Anat A1 - Grosse, Stefanie A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. T1 - Ecosystemic resilience of a temperate post-fire forest under extreme weather conditions JF - Frontiers in Forests and Global Change N2 - Introduction The effects of climate change are exacerbating the fire risk in forests worldwide. Conifer plantations in particular are especially vulnerable to fire outbreaks. At the end of the extraordinarily hot and dry summer of 2018, a forest pine plantation burned in Brandenburg, NE Germany. Different forestry interventions were carried out after the fire, while one area of the damaged plantation remained untouched. Methods We investigated the resilience of the forest ecosystem and the effectiveness of different active and passive forest restoration measures during the subsequent relatively warm and dry years 2019–2021. Results One year after the fire, Populus tremula showed strong spontaneous colonization at all sites. In contrast, the majority of planted Pinus sylvestris plantlets died on the plots that had been salvage-logged after the fire. Three years after the fire, Populus tremula successfully established itself as the dominant tree species on all plots, with the highest abundance on the plot where the overstorey of the dead pines was left. Betula pendula, Salix caprea, and Pinus sylvestris showed lower abundance, with their proportion increasing with decreasing cover by dead trees. The distribution of regrowing trees is very heterogeneous across the different treatments and plots. In the clear-cut plots, the extreme microclimatic conditions expose the young trees to additional heat and drought, while the retention of deadwood measurably buffers the temperature and water stress. Discussion The resilience and adaptability of naturally regenerating forests that develop into ecosystems that are more diverse seem more promising than restoration through intervention. Apart from hampering restoration under extreme weather conditions, post-fire salvage logging contributes to soil degradation and loss of organic carbon. KW - restoration KW - rejuvenation KW - microclimate KW - temperature KW - VPD KW - salvage logging KW - deadwood retention Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3825 SN - 2624-893X VL - 5 IS - 5 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Frontiers Media S.A. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mann, Deepika A1 - Gohr, Charlotte A1 - Blumröder, Jeanette Silvin A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. T1 - Does fragmentation contribute to the forest crisis in Germany? JF - Frontiers in Forests and Global Change N2 - Intact forests contribute to the ecosystem functionality of landscapes by storing and sequestering carbon, buffering and cooling the microclimate, and providing a range of related ecosystem functions. Forest fragmentation not only poses a threat to many organisms but also reduces the resistance and resilience of the ecosystem, which is especially relevant to the ongoing climate crisis. The effects of recent extreme heat years on forests in Germany have not been studied in detail for the influence of fragmentation. We investigate the relation of forest fragmentation with temperature and vitality in Germany per ecoregion at the canopy level using satellite imagery at 1-km and 30-m resolution. We compiled and correlated forest maps for connectivity based on Thiessen polygons, canopy temperatures on the hottest days based on land surface temperature, and forest vitality based on the maximum normalized difference vegetation index per growing season. We differentiated between ecoregions and main forest types. In 2022, larger intact tree-covered areas that are less fragmented have relatively low temperatures on hot days and higher overall vitality. Nearly 98% of the almost 1.95 million forest fragments at 30-m resolution in Germany are smaller than 1 km2, which cover nearly 30% of the total forest area. To counteract the forest crisis, forest and landscape management should aim to reduce fragmentation and maintain tree biomass and forest cover in the landscape. Increasing the size of continuous forest fragments contributes to ecosystem-based adaptation to climate change. KW - land surface temperature (LST) KW - normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) KW - Thiessen connectivity KW - forest fragmentation KW - forest cover Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3909 SN - 2624-893X VL - 6 PB - Frontiers Media S.A. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Basavegowda, Deepak Hanike A1 - Mosebach, Paul A1 - Schleip, Inga A1 - Weltzien, Cornelia T1 - Indicator plant species detection in grassland using EfficientDet object detector T2 - 42. GIL-Jahrestagung, Künstliche Intelligenz in der Agrar- und Ernährungswirtschaft N2 - Extensively used grasslands (meadows and pastures) are ecologically valuable areas in the agricultural landscape and part of the multifunctional agriculture. In Germany, the quality of these grasslands is assessed based on the occurrence of certain plant species known as indicator or character species, with indicators being defined at regional level. Therefore, the recognition of these indicators on a spatial level is a prerequisite for monitoring grassland biodiversity. The identification of indicator species for the status quo of grassland using traditional methods was found to be challenging and tedious. Deep learning-algorithms applied to high-resolution UAV imagery could be the key solution, where UAV with remote sensors can map a large area of grassland in comparison to manual or ground mapping methods and deep learning-algorithms can automate the detection process. In this research work, we use an EfficientDet based algorithm to train an object detection model capable of recognizing indicators on RGB data. The experimental results show that this approach is very promising in contrast to the difficult and time-consuming manual recognition methods. The model was trained with the momentum-SGD optimizer with a momentum value of 0.9 and a learning rate of 0.0001. The model was trained and tested on 1200 images and achieves 45.7 AP (and 85.7 AP50) on test data set. The dataset includes images of four distinct indicator plant species: Armeria maritima, Campanula patula, Cirsium oleraceum, and Daucus carota KW - digital agriculture; biodiversity in grassland; HNV farming; deep learning; object detection Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6656 SN - 978-3-88579-711-1 SN - 1617-5468 SP - 57 EP - 62 PB - Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. CY - Bonn ER - TY - GEN A1 - Welle, Torsten A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. A1 - Blumröder, Jeanette Silvin A1 - Bohr, Yvonne E.-M. B. A1 - Leinen, Loretta A1 - Wohlleben, Tobias A1 - Sturm, Knut T1 - Incorrect data sustain the claim of forest-based bioenergy being more effective in climate change mitigation than forest conservation T2 - GCB Bioenergy Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6092 SN - 1757-1707 VL - 13 IS - 2 SP - 286 EP - 287 PB - Wiley ER - TY - GEN A1 - Welle, Tobias A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. A1 - Blumröder, Jeanette Silvin A1 - Bohr, Yvonne E.-M. B. A1 - Leinen, Loretta A1 - Wohlleben, Tobias A1 - Sturm, Knut T1 - Accurate use of forest inventories shows that unmanaged forests have a higher climate protection effect than managed forests: A response to the letter by Bolte et al. T2 - GCB Bioenergy Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6079 SN - 1757-1707 N1 - Response to: https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12769 VL - 13 IS - 3 SP - 367 EP - 368 PB - Wiley ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Hörning, Bernhard ED - Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft (BMEL), T1 - Zur Umsetzung des Kükentötungsverbots in Deutschland T2 - Berichte über Landwirtschaft - Zeitschrift für Agrarpolitik und Landwirtschaft N2 - Seit Anfang 2022 ist das Töten der männlichen Eintagsküken der Legelinien in Deutschland verboten. Im Beitrag wird eine Übersicht über etwaige Auswirkungen des Verbots auf die verschiedenen Akteure der Wertschöpfungskette gegeben. Ferner wird der aktuelle Stand bei den Alternativen zum Kükentöten beleuchtet. Große international tätige Zuchtunternehmen wie Lohmann haben in ihren Brütereien Anlagen zur Geschlechtsbestimmung im Ei installiert (seit 2022 auch in Deutschland). Ferner bieten sie ihren Kunden alternativ die Bruderhahnaufzucht oder auch Zweinutzungsherkünfte an. Die Zahl der Brütereien mit Legeküken (zum Gebrauch) hat von 2021 auf 2022 abgenommen (von 22 auf 14). Da die Gesamtzahl aller Brütereien aber nur von 54 auf 51 zurückging, haben offensichtlich einige auf andere Geflügelarten umgestellt. Die Zahl der geschlüpften Legeküken nahm stark ab (2020 40,5 Mio., 2022 16,2 Mio., 1. Halbjahr 2023 9,9 Mio.). Es besteht ein Bedarf von 47 – 63 Millionen Junghennen im Jahr (bei 12 – 15 Monaten Nutzungsdauer). Mit den für 2020 angegebenen 12,2 Millionen Plätzen konnten nur etwa 28 Millionen Junghennen erzeugt werden, woran der Importbedarf deutlich wird. Der größte Teil der importierten Legeküken (für Aufzuchtbetriebe) oder Junghennen (für Legehennenbetriebe) kommt allerdings aus Erzeugung ohne Kükentöten. Denn von 50 Millionen Haltungsplätzen mit alternativen Haltungssystemen in Deutschland werden 86 Prozent vom Verein KAT kontrolliert, der das Kükentöten auch bei Importen ausschließt. Die Haltung von Legehennen stieg im Jahr 2022 weiter an (Anzahl Betriebe + 6 %, Haltungsplätze + 3 %, Legehennen + 2 %). Auf eine verlängerte Nutzungsdauer der Hennen deuten sinkende Schlachtzahlen für Althennen in Deutschland hin (2021 34,0 Mio., 2022 29,7 Mio.). Die großen Einzelhandelsketten haben sich verpflichtet, nur noch Schaleneier ohne Kükentöten (OKT) anzubieten, auch für importierte Eier. Einige Ketten dehnen das schrittweise auch auf Eier in verarbeiteten Produkten aus. Traditionell werden etwa 30 Prozent aller Eier in Deutschland importiert. Die Verbraucherpreise stiegen bereits 2021 aufgrund des Kükentötungsverbots etwas an, 2022 hingegen Inflationsbedingt stark. Dennoch ist der Konsum von Eiern nur leicht zurückgegangen (von 233 in 2021 auf 230 in 2022). Beim Kauf von Schaleneiern gab es in 2022 eine leichte Verschiebung zu kostengünstigeren Eiern (Bio-Eier - 1,2 %), sowie zu Käufen im Discounter (+ 2 %). Verbraucherstudien haben gezeigt, dass mittlerweile die meisten Konsumenten die Problematik des Kükentötens kennen und dieses auch ablehnen. Die Alternativen dazu sind jedoch weniger bekannt. Dies trifft am meisten auf Zweinutzungshühner zu. Bei der Geschlechtsbestimmung im Ei hat eine starke Weiterentwicklung stattgefunden. Mittlerweile sind Anlagen mit fünf verschiedenen Verfahren in Brütereien im Einsatz (seit 2022 auch in Deutschland). Die für Deutschland angegebenen Kapazitäten addieren sich auf etwa 17 – 21 Millionen Eiern im Jahr. Die derzeit in den Brütereien genutzten Verfahren können nach der Gesetzesänderung (Bestimmung bis max. 12. Bruttag) künftig weiter angewendet werden. Aus Tierschutzsicht wäre allerdings eine Betäubung der Embryonen vor der Tötung zu diskutieren. Die Anzahl Brütereien mit Sortierung von Bruderhähnen hat deutlich zugenommen (2021 4, 2022 13). 2022 wurden 10,59 Millionen männliche Küken zur Aufzucht aussortiert. Dies macht einen Anteil von 65,3 Prozent der 16,20 Millionen geschlüpften Legeküken aus (Übrige Geschlechtsbestimmung). Mit den von der Branche angegebenen 5 – 8 Millionen Plätzen ließen sich 20 – 23 Millionen Bruderhähne im Jahr aufziehen. Die KAT gibt an, dass 2022 9 von 20 Millionen Bruderhähnen in Polen aufgezogen wurden. Über die Verwendung der Bruderhähne ist wenig bekannt. KAT schreibt eine Verwendung als Lebensmittel vor. Zweinutzungshühner sind bislang noch selten in der Praxis anzutreffen (geschätzt unter 1 % der Hennen). Sie sind bei vielen Verbrauchern nicht bekannt und in den Supermärkten gibt es keine speziellen Angebote. Aufgrund der geringeren Leistungen müssen die Landwirte höhere Preise erzielen. Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8178 SN - 2196-5099 VL - 101 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Voglhuber-Slavinsky, Ariane A1 - Lemke, Nahleen A1 - MacPherson, Joseph A1 - Dönitz, Ewa A1 - Olbrisch, Mathias A1 - Schöbel, Philipp A1 - Moller, Björn A1 - Bahrs, Enno A1 - Helming, Katharina T1 - Valorization for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in the Agri-Food Value Chain JF - Environmental Management N2 - This article defines the term valorization of biodiversity and ecosystem services (BES) measures, as distinguished from their valuation, and underpins it with an assessment of private valorization examples along the agri-food value chain. Valorization incentivizes measures for promoting BES, while valuation refers to its quantification. Valuation can be a step of valorization but is not indispensable. In scientific literature, the terms valorization and valuation are often used interchangeably. In addition, there is a lack of research on private options versus conventional, public policy options. Therefore, we searched for private valorization options primarily in public sources (gray literature and websites). This led to the identification of four clusters (markets for voluntary services, labeling, and certification, environmental management/CSR, and tradable permits and quotas). Based on these clusters the options were assessed from a legal and systems dynamics perspective. In addition, the viability of selected valorization options in different future scenarios was examined. The analysis revealed a wide range of private valorization options, which in contrast to public policy options that focus almost entirely on the production stage, are spread across the agri-food value chain. Their suitability differs under different future scenarios, legal and systems conditions. KW - Biodiversity; Ecosystem services; Valorization; Value chain; Foresight; Private valorization options Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8104 VL - 72 IS - 6 SP - 1163 EP - 1188 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mouratiadou, Ioanna A1 - Lemke, Nahleen A1 - Chen, Cheng A1 - Wartenberg, Ariani A1 - Bloch, Ralf A1 - Donat, Marco A1 - Gaiser, Thomas A1 - Hanike Basavegowda, Deepak A1 - Helming, Katharina A1 - Ali Hosseini Yekani, Seyed A1 - Krull, Marcos A1 - Lingemann, Kai A1 - Macpherson, Joseph A1 - Melzer, Marvin A1 - Nendel, Claas A1 - Piorr, Annette A1 - Shaaban, Mostafa A1 - Zander, Peter A1 - Weltzien, Cornelia A1 - Bellingrath-Kimura, Sonoko Dorothea T1 - The Digital Agricultural Knowledge and Information System (DAKIS): Employing digitalisation to encourage diversified and multifunctional agricultural systems JF - Environmental Science and Ecotechnology N2 - Multifunctional and diversified agriculture can address diverging pressures and demands by simultaneously enhancing productivity, biodiversity, and the provision of ecosystem services. The use of digital technologies can support this by designing and managing resource-efficient and context-specific agricultural systems. We present the Digital Agricultural Knowledge and Information System (DAKIS) to demonstrate an approach that employs digital technologies to enable decision-making towards diversified and sustainable agriculture. To develop the DAKIS, we specified, together with stakeholders, requirements for a knowledge-based decision-support tool and reviewed the literature to identify limitations in the current generation of tools. The results of the review point towards recurring challenges regarding the consideration of ecosystem services and biodiversity, the capacity to foster communication and cooperation between farmers and other actors, and the ability to link multiple spatiotemporal scales and sustainability levels. To overcome these challenges, the DAKIS provides a digital platform to support farmers' decision-making on land use and management via an integrative spatiotemporally explicit approach that analyses a wide range of data from various sources. The approach integrates remote and in situ sensors, artificial intelligence, modelling, stakeholder-stated demand for biodiversity and ecosystem services, and participatory sustainability impact assessment to address the diverse drivers affecting agricultural land use and management design, including natural and agronomic factors, economic and policy considerations, and socio-cultural preferences and settings. Ultimately, the DAKIS embeds the consideration of ecosystem services, biodiversity, and sustainability into farmers' decision-making and enables learning and progress towards site-adapted small-scale multifunctional and diversified agriculture while simultaneously supporting farmers' objectives and societal demands. KW - Digital agriculture KW - Ecosystem services KW - Decision support system KW - Farming practices KW - Biodiversity KW - Modelling KW - Small-scale management Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8012 SN - 2666-4984 VL - 16 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Purfürst, Thomas A1 - de Miguel-Díez, Felipe A1 - Berendt, Ferréol A1 - Engler, Benjamin A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - Comparison of wood stack volume determination between manual, photo-optical, iPad-LiDAR and handheld-LiDAR based measurement methods JF - iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry N2 - The measurement of roadside wood stacks in the forest still plays an important role in many forestry operations. Traditional manual measuring methods can be laborious, inaccurate and error-prone. Therefore, the issue is whether 2.5D or 3D optical remote sensing measuring methods provide more precise or detailed results and advantages in further data processing. This study examined and partly developed nine different manual, photo-optical, iPad®-LiDAR and handheld laser scanner-LiDAR-based wood stack measurement methods. Forty-seven wood stacks, ranging from 8.9 to 209.3 m3 (totalling approximately 2700 m3), were measured and compared using these nine methods. All the methods give volume estimations, and none can be seen to give the real or true wood stack gross volume. Surprisingly, the results varied significantly within and between the individual methods, with up to a 9% mean relative deviation. The relative deviation is strongly dependent on the size of the wood stack. The 3D measurement methods using iPad® RGB and LiDAR recorded lower timber volumes than the other methods, in contrast to the method based on samples taken with handheld laser scanner-LiDAR, which overestimated the volume. Generally, optical- and laser-based surveying techniques could be more widely applied in measuring wood stacks in the future. However, such automatic wood stack gross volume determination approaches still face some challenges, regarding accuracy in the case of the 2.5D methods and the lack of automatisation in the case of 3D methods. Consequently, further research is required in the near future. KW - iPad LiDAR; Wood Stack Volume; 3D Volume; Photo-optical Measurement; Personal Laser Scanner; SLAM; RVR Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8062 SN - 1971-7458 VL - 16 IS - 4 SP - 243 EP - 252 PB - Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Greischel, Eva A1 - Nagy, Emilia A1 - Conrad, Alexander A1 - Schäfer, Martina T1 - Social logistics: Rethinking public transport as a regional distributor of goods in rural areas. Chances for the long-term establishment of a sustainable regional logistics approach JF - Raumforschung und Raumordnung N2 - This paper presents initial findings on the establishment of a social logistics project in a peripheral rural region in Germany. As part of a real-life laboratory, two services were developed and tested with the aim of improving rural supply: the delivery of regional goods and the return of online orders in cooperation with a regional public transport provider, regional retailers and parcel services. An evaluation team provided support to the project in identifying, monitoring, and documenting the societal impact of the services and promoted impact-oriented project management. The concept of providing services of general interest through social logistics and testing them in a real-world laboratory was based on preliminary work in the region. The results indicate that this approach can promote this type of social logistics in the long term. A social logistics approach does not focus solely on economic aspects but emphasises social and environmental benefits for the region. A real-world laboratory approach enables an environment that promotes open exchange, involvement of different stakeholders and joint problem solving in a reflective, iterative process. This methodological approach enabled the continuation and out-scaling of the service’s core offerings immediately after ending the test phase and is seen as an important prerequisite for establishing a long-term perspective. KW - Social Logistics; Rural Areas; Regional Economics; Social Innovations; Real-World Laboratory Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8032 SN - 0034-0111 PB - oekom Verlag ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arrekhi, Armin A1 - Niknahad Gharmakher, Hamid A1 - Bachinger, Johann A1 - Bloch, Ralf T1 - Investigation of Feasibility and Effect of Alternative Farming System on the Grain Yield of Barley and Forage Production in Western Semi-arid Region of Golestan Province, Iran JF - Journal of Rangeland Science N2 - One of the major challenges in semi-arid regions of Iran is to supply the adequate forage for livestock and meanwhile prevent the destruction of rangelands due to overgrazing. Therefore, this study aimed to compare three cropping systems of barley using Salsola turcomanica (ST), and Chrysopogon zizanioides (CZ) in three treatments of barley+ST, barley+ST+CZ and mono-culture of barley. Two-year field trials data were collected from November 2018 to October 2020 in two experimental sites using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The results of analysis of variance over two years indicated that the effects of year, location, and year by location interaction were significant (p<0.01) for all of barley’s yield components. Mixed cropping of barley with other species had no negative effect on barley traits such as grain yield, straw yield and harvest index. In addition, the mixed cropping of barley+ST and barley+ST+CZ in the first year produced 2.5 t/ha more forage yield than that mono-culture of barley. This was due to high production of Salsola (ST), in mixed cropping. In both years, yield of Salsola production was about 25% of whole produced biomass. Drastic reduction in rainfall in the second year reduced the obtained yield; so, there was no significant difference among three cropping systems in the second year. However, cropping systems of barley+ST and barley+ST+CZ produced about 1 t/ha more forage than that for the mono-culture of barley. Mixed cropping of barley +ST+CZ did not affect yield components of barley. Mixed cropping of barley with Salsola turcomanica could guarantee soil cover throughout the year and is recommended for forage production in rangeland in Iran. KW - Barley; Salsola turcomanica; Chrysopogon zizanioides; Mixed cropping Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8022 SN - 2008-9996 VL - 13 IS - 2 SP - 155 EP - 167 PB - IA University, Borujerd Branch ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reckling, Moritz A1 - Watson, Christine A. A1 - Whitbread, Anthony A1 - Helming, Katharina T1 - Diversification for sustainable and resilient agricultural landscape systems JF - Agronomy for Sustainable Development N2 - This virtual issue comprises papers that address diversification for providing sustainable solutions at different scales from cropping and grassland to food systems. The authors investigated processes in case studies at the landscape scale where synergies and trade-offs between social and environmental objectives become the most tangible. Contributions from all continents highlighted regional specificities related to diversification and include research from natural and social sciences, with inter- and transdisciplinary approaches including synthesis of knowledge (reviews), empirical studies with experiments as well as assessments with interviews in case studies: Model-based design of crop diversification, the role of digitalization for achieving sustainability in the European context, ecological engineering for rice pest suppression in China, the role of cereal species mixtures in Ethiopian smallholder farmers, diversified planting in arid irrigation areas in northwestern China, integration of legumes in European and Canadian cropping systems, screening of native forage legumes for northern Swedish grassland systems, cropping system diversification of smallholder farmers in south-central Bangladesh, identification of how farmers imagine diversified landscapes in southern Idaho in the US, farm diversification affecting impacts from COVID-19 across Europe, the role of diversified farming in Mato Grosso Brazil, diversification and soil management measures in Germany, value chain formation for the scaling of crop diversification, and the design process with farmers and scientists for the transition toward legume-supported farming in Europe. A key finding from these examples is that agricultural intensification has led to the simplification of cropping systems and landscapes in terms of species diversity and ecosystem function. To instead move towards sustainable transformation, all system levels (i.e. from the plot, farm, landscape, governance and overall food systems) need to interact and reinforce each other for diversification to deliver the desired outcomes. KW - Co-design; Crop-livestock systems; Food system; Legumes; Transformation Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8135 SN - 1773-0155 VL - 43 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lauterbach, Josephine A1 - Bruns, Antonia Johanna A1 - Häring, Anna Maria T1 - Exploring Consumer Preference towards the On-Farm Slaughtering of Beef in Germany: A Discrete Choice Experiment JF - Foods N2 - Current production standards and communication campaigns about animal welfare in relation to beef strongly emphasise the “humane” rearing of cattle. Aspects such as transport and slaughtering conditions are often overlooked in both production standards and communications with consumers. Long transport routes and conventional slaughtering can cause significant stress to animals and have negative impacts on their welfare and on meat quality. On-farm slaughter can address these criticisms. Communicating the value of low-stress slaughtering conditions like on-farm slaughtering may offer significant sales potential for a premium market segment. In this study, we explore consumers’ preferences and willingness to pay for beef that is slaughtered on-farm rather than in conventional abattoirs. We conducted an online survey (n = 400) in 2022, with a sample that is representative of the German population with respect to gender, age, income and education. Our survey included a discrete choice experiment for the purchase of minced beef, incorporating product attributes that influence purchase decisions. These included: price, information on the social, economic and environmental benefits of regional production, different production standards (conventional/organic) and information on on-farm slaughtering. Our findings indicate that consumers derive the highest utility from a low price, followed by information about on-farm slaughtering. Participants indicated a preference for information on high animal welfare over high beef quality. We conclude that highlighting on-farm slaughtering could be a significant benefit in marketing premium beef products. KW - consumer preferences; animal welfare; on-farm slaughter; slaughter conditions; premium beef marketing Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7753 SN - 2304-8158 IS - 12 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kereselidze, Manana A1 - Pilarska, Daniela A1 - Guntadze, Nika A1 - Linde, Andreas T1 - Halyomorpha halys Stål, (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae) feeding effects on some agriculturalfruits in Georgia JF - Turkish Journal of Zoology N2 - Feeding effects of the invasive, polyphagous brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae), on some agricultural fruits (hazelnut, blueberry, mandarin, lemon) were investigated in Guria and Samegrelo regions of Georgia in 2019 and 2020. The damage to hazelnut kernels was evaluated when H. halys adults were allowed to feed on kernels in different stages of development. Furthermore, BMSB adults were allowed to feed on almost ripened fruits of blueberry, on small mandarin fruits which were not yet well developed, and on ripened fruits of mandarin. The evaluation of damage on lemon was recorded after allowing adult BMSB on small, not yet developed fruits and on almost developed fruits. It was shown that hazelnuts are susceptible to damage caused by feeding of BMSB throughout the entire period of kernel development (100% of kernels were damaged and did not develop at all). Furthermore, BMSB damages blueberry severely (100% damage) when the fruits are almost ripened. Damage to mandarin fruits in early development stages was over 90%, and 100% of ripened mandarin fruits dropped to the ground. We did not find any damage when BMSB was allowed to feed on Lemon throughout the development of the fruits. KW - Halyomorpha halys; hazelnut; blueberry; mandarin; lemon; damage Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7441 SN - 1300-0179 VL - 46 IS - 3 SP - 298 EP - 303 PB - Tübitak ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fritz, Hilke A1 - Holst, Jorrit A1 - Lang, Daniel J. A1 - Nölting, Benjamin A1 - Parodi, Oliver A1 - Potthast, Thomas A1 - Singer-Brodowski, Mandy T1 - Transformationspfade für eine Kultur der Nachhaltigkeit an deutschen Hochschulen JF - GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society N2 - Die Hochschulrektorenkonferenz hat sich 2018 für eine „Kultur der Nachhaltigkeit“ ausgesprochen. Um dieses neue Leitbild für die Hochschulentwicklung auszugestalten, hat sich das Verbundvorhaben Hochschulen in Gesellschaft – Realexperimente transformativer Lern- und Forschungsprozesse für eine Kultur der Nachhaltigkeit an Hochschulen gegründet. Es will alle relevanten Stakeholder von Hochschulen ansprechen und einen wichtigen Impuls für die Nachhaltigkeitstransformation an Hochschulen setzen. KW - culture of sustainability; higher education; real-world-experiments; sustainability transformation Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7515 SN - 0940-5550 VL - 31 IS - 4 SP - 254 EP - 256 PB - oekom Verlag ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hartwig, Corinna A1 - Graf, Verena A1 - Filipschack, Maria A1 - Krüth, Katharina A1 - Nölting, Benjamin A1 - Raich, Stefan A1 - Roose, Ilka T1 - InNoWest stärkt nachhaltige Entwicklung und Digitalisierung in Nord-West-Brandenburg JF - GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society N2 - In strukturschwachen ländlichen Regionen die nachhaltige Entwicklung und Digitalisierung durch Transferprojekte zu unterstützen und gemeinsam mit regionalen Akteuren weiterzuentwickeln ‐ das ist das Ziel des Verbundvorhabens InNoWest ‐ Einfach machen! Gemeinsam nachhaltig und digital in Nord-West-Brandenburg. Wir stellen das Projekt vor. KW - digitalization; sustainable development; transdisciplinary science; transfer Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7520 SN - 0940-5550 SP - 269 EP - 271 PB - oekom Verlag ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Riek, Winfried A1 - Russ, Alexander A1 - Ziche, Daniel A1 - Hentschel, Rainer A1 - Brini, Andrea T1 - Prognose zur Entwicklung der Rot-Buche unter veränderten Wasserhaushaltsbedingungen T3 - Eberswalder forstliche Schriftenreihe - 71 Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5276 SP - 104 EP - 128 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - de Miguel-Díez, Felipe A1 - Purfürst, Thomas A1 - Acuna, Mauricio A1 - Tolosana-Esteban, Eduardo A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - Estimation of conversion factors for wood stacks in landings and their influencing parameters: a comprehensive literature review for America and Europe JF - Silva Fennica N2 - In commercial transaction of stacked roundwood, the estimation of the stack net volume plays a key role. One generalized method to determine the net volume is using conversion factors that relate the gross and net volumes. In this literature review the developed methods to estimate the conversion factors as well as their influencing parameters were analyzed based on 153 references from America and Europe. According to the results, 48 different methods (including their variants) for estimating the conversion factors were developed. The newest methods enabled their accurate determination inexpensively, e.g., photo-optical methods or 3D simulation models. The analyzed references revealed that 30 parameters influence the conversion factors. Based on this comprehensive review, each stakeholder involved in the roundwood supply chain can know which method is used for estimating the conversion factors in the analyzed territories and which influencing parameters should be considered when purchasing roundwood in order to accurately assess the solid wood content in the stacks. KW - log properties; roundwood measurement; roundwood purchase; stack properties; wood supply chain Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6459 SN - 2242-4075 VL - 57 IS - 1 PB - The Finnish Society of Forest Science ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fieldsend, Andrew A1 - Varga, Eszter A1 - Biró, Szabolcs A1 - von Münchhausen, Susanne A1 - Häring, Anna Maria T1 - Multi-actor co-innovation partnerships in agriculture, forestry and related sectors in Europe: Contrasting approaches to implementation JF - Agricultural Systems N2 - CONTEXT Innovation is an important driver of increased productivity, sustainability and resilience in agriculture, forestry and related sectors. An analysis of how different types of multi-actor co-innovation partnerships function can help to identify the reasons why some are more successful than others in ‘speeding up’ innovation. OBJECTIVE To provide a framework for the analysis of the co-innovation process, we developed a multidimensional conceptual typology of co-innovation activities based on a review of 200 such partnerships involving farmers and foresters from across Europe. This framework is based on innovation systems theory and the prevailing policy context of the ‘multi-actor approach’. METHODS The overarching concept or dependent variable measured by the typology is ‘effectiveness of co-innovation by a multi-actor partnership’ and the two dimensions of the overarching concept are the ‘structural components of the Organisational Innovation System’, with four categories, and ‘attitude towards interaction’, with two categories. The result is a matrix of eight ‘ideal types’ of co-innovation activity. These eight types are characterised according to first-order constructs derived from our research data. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The results show that the co-innovation process can successfully take contrasting forms according to the ‘contextual contingencies’ encountered by the partnership. In other words, no one ideal type is intrinsically ‘superior’ to another but may be more ‘appropriate’ in given circumstances. Factors influencing approaches to implementation include actor capacities, aspirations and networks, the co-innovation topic and its influence on the partnership size and the workplan structure, the type of co-innovation activity outputs and the need to engage with the ‘larger periphery’ of stakeholders, and the nature of the enabling environment. SIGNIFICANCE The typology is not a classification since the ideal types represent organisational forms that might exist rather than real partnerships. However, the analytical framework it provides will help policy makers and programme managers to develop targeted interventions, according to actor needs and local circumstances, for ‘speeding up’ innovation. KW - Co-innovation effectiveness; Organisational Innovation System; Attitude towards interaction; Ideal type Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6475 SN - 1873-2267 SN - 0308-521X VL - 202 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Barth, Matthias A1 - Jiménez-Aceituno, Amanda A1 - PM Lam, David A1 - Bürgener, Lina A1 - J Lang, Daniel T1 - Transdisciplinary learning as a key leverage for sustainability transformations JF - Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability N2 - Learning and transdisciplinary research are widely acknowledged as key components for achieving sustainability; however, the links between these concepts remain vague in the sustainability literature. Recently, emphasis has been given to transdisciplinary learning, highlighting its potential as an approach that contributes to solving real-world problems. To better understand and foster transdisciplinary learning for sustainability transformations, it is relevant to pay attention to two dimensions that define transdisciplinary learning: social interaction (individual learning in a social setting, as a group, or beyond the group), and learning forms (single-, double-, or triple-loop learning). This article introduces a conceptual framework built upon these two dimensions to understand three specific forms of transdisciplinary learning as a) individual competence development, b) experience-based collaboration, and c) societal interaction. This framework helps to clarify the design of learning processes as well as their interactions in transdisciplinary processes to support transformative change. Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6483 SN - 1877-3435 VL - 64 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weiss, Fabio A1 - von Wehrden, Henrik A1 - Linde, Andreas T1 - Random year intercepts in mixed models help to assess uncertainties in insect population trends JF - Insect Conservation and Diversity N2 - 1. An increasing number of studies is investigating insect population trends based on time series data. However, the available data is often subject to temporal pseudoreplication. Inter-annual variability of environmental conditions and strong fluctuations in insect abundances can impede reliable trend estimation. Temporal random effect structures in regression models have been proposed as solution for this issue, but remain controversial. 2. We investigated trends in ground beetle abundance across 24 years using generalised linear mixed models. We fitted four models: A base model, a model featuring a random year intercept, a model featuring basic weather parameters, and a model featuring both random year intercept and weather parameters. We then performed a simple sensitivity analysis to assess the robustness of the four models with respect to influential years, also testing for possible spurious baseline and snapshot effects. 3. The model structure had a significant impact on the overall magnitude of the estimated trends. However, we found almost no difference among the models in how the removal of single years (sensitivity analysis) relatively affected trend coefficients. The two models with a random year intercept yielded significantly larger confidence intervals and their p-values were more sensitive during sensitivity analysis. Significant differences of the model with random year intercept and weather parameters to all other models suggest that the random year effects and specific weather effects are rather additive than interchangeable. 4. We conclude that random year intercepts help to produce more reliable and cautious uncertainty measures for insect population trends. Moreover, they might help to identify influential years in sensitivity analyses more easily. We recommend random year intercepts in addition to any variables representing temporally variable environmental conditions, such as weather variables. KW - arthropod decline KW - false baseline effect KW - insect decline KW - mixed models KW - robustness KW - sensitivity analysis KW - snapshot effect KW - temporal pseudoreplication KW - time series KW - uncertainty KW - year effects Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6496 SN - 1752-4598 VL - 16 IS - 4 SP - 531 EP - 537 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steckel, M. A1 - del Río, M. A1 - Heym, M. A1 - Aldea, J. A1 - Bielak, K. A1 - Brazaitis, G. A1 - Černý, J. A1 - Coll, L. A1 - Collet, C. A1 - Ehbrecht, M. A1 - Jansons, A. A1 - Nothdurft, A. A1 - Pach, M. A1 - Pardos, M. A1 - Ponette, Q. A1 - Reventlow, D.O.J. A1 - Sitko, R. A1 - Svoboda, M. A1 - Vallet, P. A1 - Wolff, B. A1 - Pretzsch, H. T1 - Species mixing reduces drought susceptibility of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and oak (Quercus robur L., Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) – Site water supply and fertility modify the mixing effect JF - Forest Ecology and Management N2 - Tree species mixing has been widely promoted as a promising silvicultural tool for reducing drought stress. However, so far only a limited number of species combinations have been studied in detail, revealing inconsistent results. In this study, we analysed the effect of mixing Scots pine and oak (pedunculate oak and sessile oak) trees on their drought response along a comprehensive ecological gradient across Europe. The objective was to improve our knowledge of general drought response patterns of two fundamental European tree species in mixed versus monospecific stands. We focused on three null hypotheses: () tree drought response does not differ between Scots pine and oak, () tree drought response of Scots pine and oak is not affected by stand composition (mixture versus monoculture) and () tree drought response of Scots pine and oak in mixtures and monocultures is not modified by tree size or site conditions. To test the hypotheses, we analysed increment cores of Scots pine and oak, sampled in mixed and monospecific stands, covering a wide range of site conditions. We investigated resistance (the ability to maintain growth levels during drought), recovery (the ability to restore a level of growth after drought) and resilience (the capacity to recover to pre-drought growth levels), involving site-specific drought events that occurred between 1976 and 2015. In monocultures, oak showed a higher resistance and resilience than Scots pine, while recovery was lower. Scots pine in mixed stands exhibited a higher resistance, but also a lower recovery compared with Scots pine in monocultures. Mixing increased the resistance and resilience of oak. Ecological factors such as tree size, site water supply and site fertility were found to have significant effects on the drought response. In the case of Scots pine, resistance was increased by tree size, while recovery was lowered. Resistance of oak increased with site water supply. The observed mixing effect on the tree drought response of Scots pine and oak was in some cases modified by the site conditions studied. Positive mixing effects in terms of resistance and resilience of oak increased with site water supply, while the opposite was found regarding recovery. In contrast, site fertility lessened the positive mixing effect on the resistance of Scots pine. We hypothesise that the observed positive mixing effects under drought mainly result from water- and/or light-related species interactions that improve resource availability and uptake according to temporal and spatial variations in environmental conditions. KW - Complementarity KW - Drought stress KW - Ecological gradient KW - Facilitation KW - Recovery KW - Resilience KW - Resistance KW - SPEI Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5761 SN - 0378-1127 VL - 461 PB - Elsevier ER -