TY - JOUR A1 - Lauterbach, Josephine A1 - Bruns, Antonia Johanna A1 - Häring, Anna Maria T1 - Exploring Consumer Preference towards the On-Farm Slaughtering of Beef in Germany: A Discrete Choice Experiment JF - Foods N2 - Current production standards and communication campaigns about animal welfare in relation to beef strongly emphasise the “humane” rearing of cattle. Aspects such as transport and slaughtering conditions are often overlooked in both production standards and communications with consumers. Long transport routes and conventional slaughtering can cause significant stress to animals and have negative impacts on their welfare and on meat quality. On-farm slaughter can address these criticisms. Communicating the value of low-stress slaughtering conditions like on-farm slaughtering may offer significant sales potential for a premium market segment. In this study, we explore consumers’ preferences and willingness to pay for beef that is slaughtered on-farm rather than in conventional abattoirs. We conducted an online survey (n = 400) in 2022, with a sample that is representative of the German population with respect to gender, age, income and education. Our survey included a discrete choice experiment for the purchase of minced beef, incorporating product attributes that influence purchase decisions. These included: price, information on the social, economic and environmental benefits of regional production, different production standards (conventional/organic) and information on on-farm slaughtering. Our findings indicate that consumers derive the highest utility from a low price, followed by information about on-farm slaughtering. Participants indicated a preference for information on high animal welfare over high beef quality. We conclude that highlighting on-farm slaughtering could be a significant benefit in marketing premium beef products. KW - consumer preferences; animal welfare; on-farm slaughter; slaughter conditions; premium beef marketing Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7753 SN - 2304-8158 IS - 12 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kereselidze, Manana A1 - Pilarska, Daniela A1 - Guntadze, Nika A1 - Linde, Andreas T1 - Halyomorpha halys Stål, (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae) feeding effects on some agriculturalfruits in Georgia JF - Turkish Journal of Zoology N2 - Feeding effects of the invasive, polyphagous brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae), on some agricultural fruits (hazelnut, blueberry, mandarin, lemon) were investigated in Guria and Samegrelo regions of Georgia in 2019 and 2020. The damage to hazelnut kernels was evaluated when H. halys adults were allowed to feed on kernels in different stages of development. Furthermore, BMSB adults were allowed to feed on almost ripened fruits of blueberry, on small mandarin fruits which were not yet well developed, and on ripened fruits of mandarin. The evaluation of damage on lemon was recorded after allowing adult BMSB on small, not yet developed fruits and on almost developed fruits. It was shown that hazelnuts are susceptible to damage caused by feeding of BMSB throughout the entire period of kernel development (100% of kernels were damaged and did not develop at all). Furthermore, BMSB damages blueberry severely (100% damage) when the fruits are almost ripened. Damage to mandarin fruits in early development stages was over 90%, and 100% of ripened mandarin fruits dropped to the ground. We did not find any damage when BMSB was allowed to feed on Lemon throughout the development of the fruits. KW - Halyomorpha halys; hazelnut; blueberry; mandarin; lemon; damage Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7441 SN - 1300-0179 VL - 46 IS - 3 SP - 298 EP - 303 PB - Tübitak ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fritz, Hilke A1 - Holst, Jorrit A1 - Lang, Daniel J. A1 - Nölting, Benjamin A1 - Parodi, Oliver A1 - Potthast, Thomas A1 - Singer-Brodowski, Mandy T1 - Transformationspfade für eine Kultur der Nachhaltigkeit an deutschen Hochschulen JF - GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society N2 - Die Hochschulrektorenkonferenz hat sich 2018 für eine „Kultur der Nachhaltigkeit“ ausgesprochen. Um dieses neue Leitbild für die Hochschulentwicklung auszugestalten, hat sich das Verbundvorhaben Hochschulen in Gesellschaft – Realexperimente transformativer Lern- und Forschungsprozesse für eine Kultur der Nachhaltigkeit an Hochschulen gegründet. Es will alle relevanten Stakeholder von Hochschulen ansprechen und einen wichtigen Impuls für die Nachhaltigkeitstransformation an Hochschulen setzen. KW - culture of sustainability; higher education; real-world-experiments; sustainability transformation Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7515 SN - 0940-5550 VL - 31 IS - 4 SP - 254 EP - 256 PB - oekom Verlag ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hartwig, Corinna A1 - Graf, Verena A1 - Filipschack, Maria A1 - Krüth, Katharina A1 - Nölting, Benjamin A1 - Raich, Stefan A1 - Roose, Ilka T1 - InNoWest stärkt nachhaltige Entwicklung und Digitalisierung in Nord-West-Brandenburg JF - GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society N2 - In strukturschwachen ländlichen Regionen die nachhaltige Entwicklung und Digitalisierung durch Transferprojekte zu unterstützen und gemeinsam mit regionalen Akteuren weiterzuentwickeln ‐ das ist das Ziel des Verbundvorhabens InNoWest ‐ Einfach machen! Gemeinsam nachhaltig und digital in Nord-West-Brandenburg. Wir stellen das Projekt vor. KW - digitalization; sustainable development; transdisciplinary science; transfer Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7520 SN - 0940-5550 SP - 269 EP - 271 PB - oekom Verlag ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Riek, Winfried A1 - Russ, Alexander A1 - Ziche, Daniel A1 - Hentschel, Rainer A1 - Brini, Andrea T1 - Prognose zur Entwicklung der Rot-Buche unter veränderten Wasserhaushaltsbedingungen T3 - Eberswalder forstliche Schriftenreihe - 71 Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5276 SP - 104 EP - 128 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - de Miguel-Díez, Felipe A1 - Purfürst, Thomas A1 - Acuna, Mauricio A1 - Tolosana-Esteban, Eduardo A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - Estimation of conversion factors for wood stacks in landings and their influencing parameters: a comprehensive literature review for America and Europe JF - Silva Fennica N2 - In commercial transaction of stacked roundwood, the estimation of the stack net volume plays a key role. One generalized method to determine the net volume is using conversion factors that relate the gross and net volumes. In this literature review the developed methods to estimate the conversion factors as well as their influencing parameters were analyzed based on 153 references from America and Europe. According to the results, 48 different methods (including their variants) for estimating the conversion factors were developed. The newest methods enabled their accurate determination inexpensively, e.g., photo-optical methods or 3D simulation models. The analyzed references revealed that 30 parameters influence the conversion factors. Based on this comprehensive review, each stakeholder involved in the roundwood supply chain can know which method is used for estimating the conversion factors in the analyzed territories and which influencing parameters should be considered when purchasing roundwood in order to accurately assess the solid wood content in the stacks. KW - log properties; roundwood measurement; roundwood purchase; stack properties; wood supply chain Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6459 SN - 2242-4075 VL - 57 IS - 1 PB - The Finnish Society of Forest Science ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fieldsend, Andrew A1 - Varga, Eszter A1 - Biró, Szabolcs A1 - von Münchhausen, Susanne A1 - Häring, Anna Maria T1 - Multi-actor co-innovation partnerships in agriculture, forestry and related sectors in Europe: Contrasting approaches to implementation JF - Agricultural Systems N2 - CONTEXT Innovation is an important driver of increased productivity, sustainability and resilience in agriculture, forestry and related sectors. An analysis of how different types of multi-actor co-innovation partnerships function can help to identify the reasons why some are more successful than others in ‘speeding up’ innovation. OBJECTIVE To provide a framework for the analysis of the co-innovation process, we developed a multidimensional conceptual typology of co-innovation activities based on a review of 200 such partnerships involving farmers and foresters from across Europe. This framework is based on innovation systems theory and the prevailing policy context of the ‘multi-actor approach’. METHODS The overarching concept or dependent variable measured by the typology is ‘effectiveness of co-innovation by a multi-actor partnership’ and the two dimensions of the overarching concept are the ‘structural components of the Organisational Innovation System’, with four categories, and ‘attitude towards interaction’, with two categories. The result is a matrix of eight ‘ideal types’ of co-innovation activity. These eight types are characterised according to first-order constructs derived from our research data. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The results show that the co-innovation process can successfully take contrasting forms according to the ‘contextual contingencies’ encountered by the partnership. In other words, no one ideal type is intrinsically ‘superior’ to another but may be more ‘appropriate’ in given circumstances. Factors influencing approaches to implementation include actor capacities, aspirations and networks, the co-innovation topic and its influence on the partnership size and the workplan structure, the type of co-innovation activity outputs and the need to engage with the ‘larger periphery’ of stakeholders, and the nature of the enabling environment. SIGNIFICANCE The typology is not a classification since the ideal types represent organisational forms that might exist rather than real partnerships. However, the analytical framework it provides will help policy makers and programme managers to develop targeted interventions, according to actor needs and local circumstances, for ‘speeding up’ innovation. KW - Co-innovation effectiveness; Organisational Innovation System; Attitude towards interaction; Ideal type Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6475 SN - 1873-2267 SN - 0308-521X VL - 202 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Barth, Matthias A1 - Jiménez-Aceituno, Amanda A1 - PM Lam, David A1 - Bürgener, Lina A1 - J Lang, Daniel T1 - Transdisciplinary learning as a key leverage for sustainability transformations JF - Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability N2 - Learning and transdisciplinary research are widely acknowledged as key components for achieving sustainability; however, the links between these concepts remain vague in the sustainability literature. Recently, emphasis has been given to transdisciplinary learning, highlighting its potential as an approach that contributes to solving real-world problems. To better understand and foster transdisciplinary learning for sustainability transformations, it is relevant to pay attention to two dimensions that define transdisciplinary learning: social interaction (individual learning in a social setting, as a group, or beyond the group), and learning forms (single-, double-, or triple-loop learning). This article introduces a conceptual framework built upon these two dimensions to understand three specific forms of transdisciplinary learning as a) individual competence development, b) experience-based collaboration, and c) societal interaction. This framework helps to clarify the design of learning processes as well as their interactions in transdisciplinary processes to support transformative change. Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6483 SN - 1877-3435 VL - 64 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weiss, Fabio A1 - von Wehrden, Henrik A1 - Linde, Andreas T1 - Random year intercepts in mixed models help to assess uncertainties in insect population trends JF - Insect Conservation and Diversity N2 - 1. An increasing number of studies is investigating insect population trends based on time series data. However, the available data is often subject to temporal pseudoreplication. Inter-annual variability of environmental conditions and strong fluctuations in insect abundances can impede reliable trend estimation. Temporal random effect structures in regression models have been proposed as solution for this issue, but remain controversial. 2. We investigated trends in ground beetle abundance across 24 years using generalised linear mixed models. We fitted four models: A base model, a model featuring a random year intercept, a model featuring basic weather parameters, and a model featuring both random year intercept and weather parameters. We then performed a simple sensitivity analysis to assess the robustness of the four models with respect to influential years, also testing for possible spurious baseline and snapshot effects. 3. The model structure had a significant impact on the overall magnitude of the estimated trends. However, we found almost no difference among the models in how the removal of single years (sensitivity analysis) relatively affected trend coefficients. The two models with a random year intercept yielded significantly larger confidence intervals and their p-values were more sensitive during sensitivity analysis. Significant differences of the model with random year intercept and weather parameters to all other models suggest that the random year effects and specific weather effects are rather additive than interchangeable. 4. We conclude that random year intercepts help to produce more reliable and cautious uncertainty measures for insect population trends. Moreover, they might help to identify influential years in sensitivity analyses more easily. We recommend random year intercepts in addition to any variables representing temporally variable environmental conditions, such as weather variables. KW - arthropod decline KW - false baseline effect KW - insect decline KW - mixed models KW - robustness KW - sensitivity analysis KW - snapshot effect KW - temporal pseudoreplication KW - time series KW - uncertainty KW - year effects Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6496 SN - 1752-4598 VL - 16 IS - 4 SP - 531 EP - 537 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steckel, M. A1 - del Río, M. A1 - Heym, M. A1 - Aldea, J. A1 - Bielak, K. A1 - Brazaitis, G. A1 - Černý, J. A1 - Coll, L. A1 - Collet, C. A1 - Ehbrecht, M. A1 - Jansons, A. A1 - Nothdurft, A. A1 - Pach, M. A1 - Pardos, M. A1 - Ponette, Q. A1 - Reventlow, D.O.J. A1 - Sitko, R. A1 - Svoboda, M. A1 - Vallet, P. A1 - Wolff, B. A1 - Pretzsch, H. T1 - Species mixing reduces drought susceptibility of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and oak (Quercus robur L., Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) – Site water supply and fertility modify the mixing effect JF - Forest Ecology and Management N2 - Tree species mixing has been widely promoted as a promising silvicultural tool for reducing drought stress. However, so far only a limited number of species combinations have been studied in detail, revealing inconsistent results. In this study, we analysed the effect of mixing Scots pine and oak (pedunculate oak and sessile oak) trees on their drought response along a comprehensive ecological gradient across Europe. The objective was to improve our knowledge of general drought response patterns of two fundamental European tree species in mixed versus monospecific stands. We focused on three null hypotheses: () tree drought response does not differ between Scots pine and oak, () tree drought response of Scots pine and oak is not affected by stand composition (mixture versus monoculture) and () tree drought response of Scots pine and oak in mixtures and monocultures is not modified by tree size or site conditions. To test the hypotheses, we analysed increment cores of Scots pine and oak, sampled in mixed and monospecific stands, covering a wide range of site conditions. We investigated resistance (the ability to maintain growth levels during drought), recovery (the ability to restore a level of growth after drought) and resilience (the capacity to recover to pre-drought growth levels), involving site-specific drought events that occurred between 1976 and 2015. In monocultures, oak showed a higher resistance and resilience than Scots pine, while recovery was lower. Scots pine in mixed stands exhibited a higher resistance, but also a lower recovery compared with Scots pine in monocultures. Mixing increased the resistance and resilience of oak. Ecological factors such as tree size, site water supply and site fertility were found to have significant effects on the drought response. In the case of Scots pine, resistance was increased by tree size, while recovery was lowered. Resistance of oak increased with site water supply. The observed mixing effect on the tree drought response of Scots pine and oak was in some cases modified by the site conditions studied. Positive mixing effects in terms of resistance and resilience of oak increased with site water supply, while the opposite was found regarding recovery. In contrast, site fertility lessened the positive mixing effect on the resistance of Scots pine. We hypothesise that the observed positive mixing effects under drought mainly result from water- and/or light-related species interactions that improve resource availability and uptake according to temporal and spatial variations in environmental conditions. KW - Complementarity KW - Drought stress KW - Ecological gradient KW - Facilitation KW - Recovery KW - Resilience KW - Resistance KW - SPEI Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5761 SN - 0378-1127 VL - 461 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alff, Henryk A1 - Konysbayev, Talgarbay A1 - Salmyrzauly, Ruslan T1 - Old stereotypes and new openness: discourses and practices of trans-border re- and disconnection in south-eastern Kazakhstan’s agricultural sector JF - Eurasian Geography and Economics N2 - Since the Soviet breakup, rural communities in the Kazakhstan–China borderlands have faced cataclysmic social, economic, and ecological transformations. Collective and state farms have been replaced by precarious smallholder agriculture suffering from a decline in financial inputs and the deterioration of infrastructure. At the same time, dynamic transformations of border permeability (and trans-border reconnections) between Kazakhstan and China have challenged the until relatively recent widespread Soviet rhetoric on Western China (or rather Xinjiang) as an underdeveloped space across the border. This article is based on several months of fieldwork between 2019 and 2021 in Panfilov District, located at major cross-border road and railway intersections and hosting important infrastructural objects, such as a dry port, a major railway transhipment hub, and a trans-border special economic zone. The article explores how the border situation (and the border’s changing permeability for people, commodities, and ideas since the early 1990s) as well as the implementation of new trans-border infrastructures eventually shaped local discourses and practices in the socio-economic development of south-east Kazakhstan’s agricultural sector. It is scrutinized herein how various forms of trans-border socio-economic interactions (although heavily regulated) and China’s (agri-) economic policy in Xinjiang started to affect farmers’ ambitions and practices across the border. KW - Agriculture; infrastructures; China; Central Asia Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6340 SN - 1538-7216 PB - Taylor & Francis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wenig, Charlett A1 - Reppe, Friedrich A1 - Horbelt, Nils A1 - Spener, Jaromir A1 - Berendt, Ferréol A1 - Cremer, Tobias A1 - Frey, Marion A1 - Burgert, Ingo A1 - Eder, Michaela T1 - Adhesives free bark panels: An alternative application for a waste material JF - PloS one N2 - The proportion of bark in tree trunks is in the range of ~ 10–20%. This large amount of material is currently mainly considered as a by- or even waste-product by the timber processing industry. Recently, efforts towards the use of bark have been made, e.g. as a raw material to harvest different chemical compounds or as an additive for wood particle boards. Our motivation for this work was to keep the bark in an almost natural state and explore alternative processes and applications for use. The traditional method of de-barking tree trunks by peeling was used to harvest large bark pieces. Two pieces of peeled bark were placed crosswise, with the rhytidom side (outer bark) facing each other. After different conditioning steps, bark pieces were hot pressed to panels without adding adhesives. These experiments on bark samples of different Central European tree species suggest that production of panels with species dependent properties is possible and feasible. This is a step towards producing sustainable panels by using a natural waste material, while retaining its beneficial structure and its natural chemical composition. Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6104 VL - 18 IS - 1 PB - Public Library of Science (PLoS) ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bolte, Andreas A1 - Rock, Joachim A1 - Wolff, Barbara T1 - Setting aside forests or harvesting them for bioenergy: Short-term benefits for climate protection are still unknown T2 - GCB Bioenergy Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6081 SN - 1757-1707 N1 - This article is letter to the Editor on Schulze et al. (https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12672) and Welle et al. (https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12738) VL - 13 IS - 3 SP - 364 EP - 366 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paul, Carsten A1 - Kuhn, Kristin A1 - Steinhoff-Knopp, Bastian A1 - Weißhuhn, Peter A1 - Helming, Katharina T1 - Towards a standardization of soil-related ecosystem service assessments JF - European Journal of Soil Science N2 - The concept of ecosystem services (ES) creates understanding of the value of ecosystems for human well-being. With regard to soils, it provides a framework for assessments of soil contributions and soil management impacts. However, a lack of standardization impedes comparisons between assessment studies and the building of synthesis information. The Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES) is an important step forward, although its application to soils is not without difficulty. CICES version 5.1 defines 83 ES classes, of which only some are relevant for soils. We compiled two subsets of CICES classes: one set of soil-related ES comprising 29 services defined as directly and quantifiably controlled by soils and their properties, processes and functions, and another set of 40 ES defined as being affected by agricultural soil management. Additionally, we conducted a systematic literature review, searching for published lists of soil-related ES that claim completeness. We identified 11 relevant lists. Of all CICES classes, 12 were included in more than 75% of the lists, whereas another 36 classes were included in 25–75% of them. Regarding the suitability of the CICES classification for addressing ES in the context of soils and their agricultural management, we identified constraints, such as overlaps, gaps, and highly specific or very broad class definitions. Close cooperation between the soil research and ES communities could ensure better consideration of soils in future CICES updates. A shortlist of 25 service classes affected by agricultural soil management facilitates a standardized approach and may function as checklists in impact assessments. KW - agriculture; arable; CICES; impact area; impact assessment; soil functions; soil management; soil properties; standardization Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5801 SN - 1365-2389 VL - 72 IS - 4 SP - 1543 EP - 1558 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Biely, Katharina A1 - von Münchhausen, Susanne A1 - van Passel, Steven T1 - Vertical integration as a strategy to increase value absorption by primary producers: The Belgian sugar beet and the German rapeseed case JF - AIMS Agriculture and Food N2 - Vertical integration is a means of increasing market power. For some agricultural products, it is easier for farmers to exert control over their product beyond the farm gate, but for others it is more difficult. Cases in the latter category have two main characteristics. First, the farmer cannot sell the respective product to final consumers without processing. Second, processing is capital-intensive. Consequently, farmers have limited sales channels, and vertical integration of the supply chain is complex and challenging. It implies cooperation among farmers to process the raw material at a profitable scale and to finance the installation of processing facilities. Thus, for these product categories, farmers are prone to market power issues, since they depend on private businesses that have the financial means to install processing facilities and the logistical capacities to organize the collection of large amounts of raw material. This paper aims to identify and analyze the role of supply chain integration for farmers who are already cooperating horizontally. Two case studies serve as the basis for the analysis: sugar beet in Flanders, Belgium, and oilseed rape in Hessen, Germany. The analysis is based on a qualitative research approach combining interviews, focus groups, and workshops with farmers and processors. While for sugar beet, the effects of market power are emerging only now with the termination of the quota system, farmers growing oilseed rape have been experiencing these problems since the 1990s. Our analysis concludes that most strategies to maintain or improve farm income have been exhausted. Even various forms of vertical integration supported by European policies do not necessarily work as a successful strategy. KW - supply chain; vertical integration; horizontal cooperation; qualitative research; sugar beet; rapeseed Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5610 SN - 2471-2086 VL - 7 IS - 3 SP - 659 EP - 682 PB - AIMS Press ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zeller, Ulrich A1 - Göttert, Thomas T1 - Humans, megafauna and landscape structure – Rock engravings from Namibia encourage a comparative approach to central Europe and southern Africa JF - Vertebrate Zoology N2 - This paper deals with reflections that arose after observing prehistoric rock engravings at different locations in Namibia. These observations stimulated comparative considerations with focus on southern Africa and central Europe. Similar to the Aurignacian rock art of European origin, the most common motifs in the Namibian rock engravings are large animals. While in Europe, the species that served as a blueprint for the illustration of Aurignacian rock art have mostly disappeared, the megafauna illustrated on the rock engravings in Namibia can still be found in the immediate vicinity of the rock art. Against this background, we discuss and further develop a comparative regional approach. We reconstruct and evaluate the suitability of African savannas and still-existing megafauna communities as an appropriate reference-frame for natural European grassland systems and extinct associated warm-adapted megafauna (Eemian Interglacial megafauna). Special attention is laid on the unique situation in Africa in the light of a global extinction wave of megafauna following increasing human activity in the Late Quaternary. This leads us to discuss the use of domesticated ungulates as surrogate taxa to fulfill ecosystem functions in Europe as part of concepts termed “rewilding” or “naturalistic grazing”. After critically examining these concepts, we conclude that using domesticated forms as representatives of extinct or locally disappeared species in Europe has its justification to some extent. If, however, the naturally occurring megaherbivore community still exists (Africa), these naturally occurring species should be given priority due to their organismic abilities and limitations adapted to the harsh conditions in their specific environment. Finally, we discuss the application of (transboundary) protected areas as effective instruments to mitigate human-wildlife conflicts. A holistic approach, including nature conservation and preservation of cultural achievements (domesticated forms, grazing systems), appears promising for the effective protection of the natural African savanna ecosystems with their unique fauna elements, as illustrated in rock engravings that inspired us to write this paper. KW - domesticated forms; megaherbivores; prehistoric rock art; surrogate taxa; transboundary protected areas Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5538 SN - 1864-5755 SN - 2625-8498 VL - 71 SP - 631 EP - 643 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schröder, Jens A1 - Guericke, Martin A1 - Körner, Michael T1 - Fingerprints of biotic agents in tree-ring and NDVI time series of forest stands T2 - TRACE - Tree Rings in Archeology, Climatology and Ecology - Virtual Conference 2021 Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5559 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Groh, Jannis A1 - Diamantopoulos, Efstathios A1 - Duan, Xiaohong A1 - Ewert, Frank A1 - Heinlein, Florian A1 - Herbst, Michael A1 - Holbak, Maja A1 - Kamali, Bahareh A1 - Kersebaum, Kurt-Christian A1 - Kuhnert, Matthias A1 - Nendel, Claas A1 - Priesack, Eckart A1 - Steidl, Jörg A1 - Sommer, Michael A1 - Pütz, Thomas A1 - Vanderborght, Jan A1 - Vereecken, Harry A1 - Wallor, Evelyn A1 - Weber, Tobias K. D. A1 - Wegehenkel, Martin A1 - Weihermüller, Lutz A1 - Gerke, Horst H. T1 - Same soil, different climate: Crop model intercomparison on translocated lysimeters JF - Vadose Zone Journal N2 - Crop model intercomparison studies have mostly focused on the assessment of predictive capabilities for crop development using weather and basic soil data from the same location. Still challenging is the model performance when considering complex interrelations between soil and crop dynamics under a changing climate. The objective of this study was to test the agronomic crop and environmental flux-related performance of a set of crop models. The aim was to predict weighing lysimeter-based crop (i.e., agronomic) and water-related flux or state data (i.e., environmental) obtained for the same soil monoliths that were taken from their original environment and translocated to regions with different climatic conditions, after model calibration at the original site. Eleven models were deployed in the study. The lysimeter data (2014–2018) were from the Dedelow (Dd), Bad Lauchstädt (BL), and Selhausen (Se) sites of the TERENO (TERrestrial ENvironmental Observatories) SOILCan network. Soil monoliths from Dd were transferred to the drier and warmer BL site and the wetter and warmer Se site, which allowed a comparison of similar soil and crop under varying climatic conditions. The model parameters were calibrated using an identical set of crop- and soil-related data from Dd. Environmental fluxes and crop growth of Dd soil were predicted for conditions at BL and Se sites using the calibrated models. The comparison of predicted and measured data of Dd lysimeters at BL and Se revealed differences among models. At site BL, the crop models predicted agronomic and environmental components similarly well. Model performance values indicate that the environmental components at site Se were better predicted than agronomic ones. The multi-model mean was for most observations the better predictor compared with those of individual models. For Se site conditions, crop models failed to predict site-specific crop development indicating that climatic conditions (i.e., heat stress) were outside the range of variation in the data sets considered for model calibration. For improving predictive ability of crop models (i.e., productivity and fluxes), more attention should be paid to soil-related data (i.e., water fluxes and system states) when simulating soil–crop–climate interrelations in changing climatic conditions. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5395 SN - 1539-1663 VL - 21 IS - 4 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Raab, Christoph A1 - Spies, Michael T1 - Characterising cropland fragmentation in post-Soviet Central Asia, using Landsat remote-sensing time series data JF - Applied Geography N2 - Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, agricultural reforms in Central Asia often translated into the fragmentation of large fields into smaller shares. Most remote-sensing-based land use classification approaches are categorical in nature, and thus they are unable to capture these changes. We have developed an approach to detecting the timing of land fragmentation based on textural information from a time series of Landsat images for four Central Asian countries (Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan) between 1990 and 2019. Our results showed that detected fragmentation events correspond well with documented agrarian reform processes in the different countries, and validation yielded maximum overall accuracies between 67 and 73%. In a case study of a former collective farm in Kyrgyzstan, we demonstrate how our method can accurately detect changes on the local scale. Texture time series data have great potential for analysing the trajectories of cropland fragmentation, in particular in regions where additional information on land use is limited. Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5362 SN - 0143-6228 SN - 1873-7730 IS - 156 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sun, Lingxiao A1 - Yu, Xiang A1 - Li, Boshan A1 - Zhang, Haiyan A1 - Sha, Dong A1 - Wang, Yao A1 - Lei, Jiaqiang A1 - Yu, Yang A1 - Welp, Martin A1 - Yu, Ruide T1 - Coupling analysis of the major impact on sustainable development of the typical arid region of Turpan in Northwest China JF - Regional Sustainability N2 - Analyzing the sustainable development of a given region can provide an important reference and guide for future orientation. The study selects Turpan (including Gaochang District, Shanshan County, and Toksun County) in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of Northwest China as the study area and first investigates the essence of regional sustainable development. Based on the relevant data of the population, economy, and environment of Turpan from 2002 to 2018, we constructed an evaluation index system for three dimensions, namely, the population, economy, and environment, and analyzed them systematically. Specifically, we quantitatively calculated the comprehensive evaluation index, coupling degree, and coupling coordination degree of the sustainable development system of the study area. The study finds that Turpan has on some dimensions become increasingly sustainable, especially the economic development level has improved. The results show that the coupling coordination degree has increased from 0.3692 to 0.8894 during the period 2002–2018, which reflects the actual situation of Turpan and indicates that the proposed analysis method can effectively measure and evaluate the level of sustainable development in this region. Moreover, the study also puts forward main functional zoning of Turpan (i.e., Gaochang District as an optimized development zone, Shanshan County as a major agricultural production zone, and Toksun County as a key ecological function zone) and regional planning principles based on the population, economic, and environmental coupling analysis for the three jurisdictions in Turpan. KW - Sustainable development KW - Coupling analysis KW - Coupling coordination degree KW - Comprehensive evaluation index KW - Turpan Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5420 SN - 2666-660X VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - 48 EP - 58 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mann, Carsten A1 - Loft, Lasse A1 - Hernández-Morcillo, Mónica A1 - Primmer, Eeva A1 - Bussola, Francesca A1 - Falco, Enzo A1 - Geneletti, Davide A1 - Dobrowolska, Ewelina A1 - Grossmann, Carol M. A1 - Bottaro, Giorgia A1 - Schleyer, Christian A1 - Kluvankova, Tatiana A1 - Garcia, Gino A1 - Lovrić, Marko A1 - Torralba, Mario A1 - Plieninger, Tobias A1 - Winkel, Georg T1 - Governance Innovations for forest ecosystem service provision – Insights from an EU-wide survey JF - Environmental Science & Policy N2 - This paper analyses the occurrence of governance innovations for forest ecosystem service (FES) provision in the forestry sector in Europe and the factors that influence innovation development. Based on a European-wide online survey, public and private forest owners and managers representing different property sizes indicate what type of governance innovation activities they engage in, and why. To investigate forestry innovations as systems, the analysis focuses on biophysical, social and technical factors influencing innovation development. The results of our exploratory quantitative analysis show that most innovation activities identified are largely oriented towards biomass production. Accordingly, most forest owners implement efficiency-driven optimisation strategies for forest management and technological improvement for provisioning service supply, to generate income. In contrast, the provision of regulating and cultural services is not yet a prominent part of forestry innovation activities.Reasons are rooted in a market-oriented economic rationale focusing on timber production, a lack of financial resources to compensate for other FES provisions or institutions to provide backup and security to forest owners and managers for engaging in innovation development. Given that the provision of a wide range of FES is a politically well-established objective for forest management in Europe, a strategy is needed that helps to align actors and sectors for supporting and co-financing related forest management approaches and business models. The current revision of the forest related policy framework on EU level under the EU Green deal poses a window of opportunity for better fostering novel governance approaches for more sustainable FES provision. KW - Forest ecosystem services; Forest governance; Governance innovation; Enabling factors; European forests; Forest ownership Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4758 SN - 1462-9011 IS - 132 SP - 282 EP - 295 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sorge, Stefan A1 - Mann, Carsten A1 - Schleyer, Christian A1 - Loft, Lasse A1 - Spacek, Martin A1 - Hernández-Morcillo, Mónica A1 - Kluvankova, Tatiana T1 - Understanding dynamics of forest ecosystem services governance: A socio-ecological-technical-analytical framework JF - Ecosystem Services N2 - Little is known about the emergence and development of novel governance approaches for forest ecosystem services provision, what drives them, and how they can be fostered. Existing frameworks often deal with single aspects of resource management and thus fail to assess processes, multi-level influences, and interacting dimensions and factors in a system-based understanding. In this article, we introduce the conceptual foundation and an empirical application of an adapted Social-Ecological System framework with additional elements that builds on the idea of complex and interlinked social-ecological-technical-forestry-innovation systems that allows for the identification of key factors for revealing forest ecosystem services dynamics to understand the emergence and development of such governance innovations. The development and testing of the framework was based on six case studies for knowledge co-creation. To showcase its application, two governance innovations were examined: a voluntary carbon market payment scheme in Germany and a network approach for forest-pasture management in Italy. The application of the framework reveals required adaptations to improve innovation by systematically unpacking the system dimensions and identifying fostering and hindering factors and their interdependencies. We highlight the output of a sound system-based information basis that allows for purposeful innovation conditioning by policy makers, practitioners, and other related actors. KW - Social-ecological systems; Governance innovations; Socio-ecological-technical forestry systems; Forest management; Environmental governance; Compensation schemes; Rural development Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4771 SN - 2212-0416 IS - 55 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maier, Carolin A1 - Hebermehl, Wiebke A1 - Grossmann, Carol M. A1 - Loft, Lasse A1 - Mann, Carsten A1 - Hernández-Morcillo, Mónica T1 - Innovations for securing forest ecosystem service provision in Europe – A systematic literature review JF - Ecosystem Services N2 - Forest ecosystems provide a range of goods and services that are essential to human well-being. Yet global environmental problems, increasing urbanization, industrialization pressures, and dominant market mechanisms put into jeopardy the long term sustainable provision of forest ecosystem services (FES). Markets tend to favor private goods, such as timber, and are typically less able to provide sustainable financing mechanisms for public goods and services, such as carbon storage, biodiversity conservation or recreational value. European forest owners and policy makers alike are looking for governance innovations that generate economic opportunity while ensuring the future provision of FES. This systematic literature review aims to consolidate existing academic empirical research on local or regional level governance innovations in Europe concerned with generating forest-based revenue through FES provision. Thus, it complements conceptual literature dealing with challenges and opportunities of financing the provision of FES. When conducting the review we followed the process guidelines developed by ‘Collaboration for Environmental Evidence’ (Collaboration for Environmental Evidence, 2018). Out of a total of 3962 scanned papers, 23 papers containing 48 case studies were identified and analyzed in detail, to address the following guiding questions: (1) What types of FES related (governance) innovations for forest-based revenue generation exist and which FES do they address? (2) What are the motivations driving innovation development? (3) What are the implications for forest management? We found four types of governance innovations: forest product and organizational innovations which largely relate to provisioning FES; service innovations, which generally relate to cultural FES; and financial incentive systems or payment schemes targeting mostly regulating services. We identify potential synergies between two high-priority EU policy objectives: rural economic development and securing future FES provision. Currently, governance innovations’ forest management implications and associated impact on (future) FES provision are rarely addressed in this literature. We recommend future policy and research to give greater consideration to the interdependencies between securing a range of FES, (rural) economic development, and forest management, to realize potential synergies. KW - Forest ecosystem services; Governance innovation; Europe; Literature review; Forest management Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4741 SN - 2212-0416 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - MacPherson, Joseph A1 - Voglhuber-Slavinsky, Ariane A1 - Olbrisch, Mathias A1 - Schöbel, Philipp A1 - Dönitz, Ewa A1 - Mouratiadou, Ioanna A1 - Helming, Katharina T1 - Future agricultural systems and the role of digitalization for achieving sustainability goals. A review JF - Agronomy for Sustainable Development N2 - By leveraging a wide range of novel, data-driven technologies for agricultural production and agri-food value chains, digital agriculture presents potential enhancements to sustainability across food systems. Accordingly, digital agriculture has received considerable attention in policy in recent years, with emphasis mostly placed on the potential of digital agriculture to improve efficiency, productivity and food security, and less attention given to how digitalization may impact other principles of sustainable development, such as biodiversity conservation, soil protection, and human health, for example. Here, we review high-level policy and law in the German and European context to highlight a number of important institutional, societal, and legal preconditions for leveraging digital agriculture to achieve diverse sustainability targets. Additionally, we combine foresight analysis with our review to reflect on how future frame conditions influencing agricultural digitalization and sustainability could conceivably arise. The major points are the following: (1) some polices consider the benefits of digital agriculture, although only to a limited extent and mostly in terms of resource use efficiency; (2) law as it applies to digital agriculture is emerging but is highly fragmented; and (3) the adoption of digital agriculture and if it is used to enhance sustainability will be dependent on future data ownership regimes. KW - Digital agriculture; Sustainability; Policy; Foresight; Agri-digital law Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6886 SN - 1773-0155 IS - 42 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hernández-Morcillo, Mónica A1 - Torralba, M. A1 - Baiges, T. A1 - Bernasconi, A. A1 - Bottaro, G. A1 - Brogaard, S. A1 - Bussola, F. A1 - Díaz-Varela, E. A1 - Geneletti, D. A1 - Grossmann, C. M. A1 - Kister, J. A1 - Klingler, M. A1 - Loft, L. A1 - Lovric, M. A1 - Mann, C. A1 - Pipart, N. A1 - Roces-Díaz, J. V. A1 - Sorge, S. A1 - Tiebel, M. A1 - Tyrväinen, L. A1 - Varela, E. A1 - Winkel, G. A1 - Plieninger, T. T1 - Scanning the solutions for the sustainable supply of forest ecosystem services in Europe JF - Sustainability Science N2 - Forests are key components of European multifunctional landscapes and supply numerous forest ecosystem services (FES) fundamental to human well-being. The sustainable provision of FES has the potential to provide responses to major societal challenges, such as climate change, biodiversity loss, or rural development. To identify suitable strategies for the future sustenance of FES, we performed a solution scanning exercise with a group of transdisciplinary forest and FES experts from different European regions. We identified and prioritized fifteen major challenges hindering the balanced provision of multiple FES and identified a series of potential solutions to tackle each of them. The most prominent challenges referred to the increased frequency and impacts of extreme weather events and the normative mindset regarding forest management. The respective solutions pointed to the promotion of forest resilience via climate-smart forestry and mainstreaming FES-oriented management through a threefold strategy focusing on education, awareness raising, and networking. In a subsequent survey, most solutions were assessed as highly effective, transferable, monitorable, and with potential for being economically efficient. The implementation of the solutions could have synergistic effects when applying the notion of leverage points. Seven emerging pathways towards the sustainable supply of FES have been identified. These pathways build on each other and are organized based on their potential for transformation: (1) shifting forest management paradigms towards pluralistic ecosystem valuation; (2) using integrated landscape approaches; (3) increasing forest resilience; (4) coordinating actions between forest-related actors; (5) increasing participation in forest planning and management; (6) continuous, open, and transparent knowledge integration; and (7) using incentive-based instruments to support regulating and cultural FES. These pathways can contribute to the implementation of the new EU Forestry Strategy to support the balanced supply of multiple FES. KW - European forests; Ecosystem services; Sustainability; Solution scanning; Leverage points; EU Forestry Strategy Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4764 SN - 1862-4065 VL - 17 IS - 5 SP - 2013 EP - 2029 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - INPR A1 - Esteves de Carvalho, Luiza Marina A1 - Melo, Alessandra A1 - de Matos Umbelino, Glauco José A1 - Mund, Jan-Peter A1 - Gomes dos Santos, Jhonathan A1 - Rosette, Jacqueline A1 - Silveira, Daniel A1 - Gorgens, Eric Bastos T1 - Charcoal heaps volume estimation based on unmanned aerial vehicles T2 - agriRxiv N2 - The charcoal stock in a forest company is controlled based on the theoretical capacity of the masonry ovens (input) and shipped trucks (output). During the year, the company must monitor the stock for the purposes of accountability reports. This study proposes a more efficient and equally precise survey method that overcomes the challenges of the common monitoring system in Brazil. During this study, a new monitoring method based on digital stereoscopy from UAV images was developed, implemented and evaluated. The results were compared with a traditional topographic survey. A masonry oven's complex containing eight charcoal heaps was flown and surveyed using a multi-engine UAV, with an integrated Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and RTK equipment. Two stereoscopic processing methods were applied: (1) very low quality and (2) high quality to image alignment, reconstruction of the dense cloud, face count and in three-dimensional mesh creation. Low quality products showed geometric deformities when compared to high quality, but resulted in similar estimation to the topographic survey. The results indicated that the charcoal heaps' volume estimation using UAV derived orthomosaics can replace the conventional method of GNSS RTK surveys with considerable gains in stockpile volume accuracy, inventory frequency, and safety. In the case of high accuracy parameterization, improvements in geometric precision and accuracy are also produced. KW - unmanned aerial vehicles; accuracy; charcoal; forests; global positioning systems; satellites; trucks Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5226 SN - 2791-1969 N1 - Published here in Journal https://doi.org/10.2989/20702620.2021.1997067 PB - CABI ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Aparicio, Hainner A1 - Wallor, Evelyn A1 - Mund, Jan-Peter T1 - High-resolution recording and forecasting of peatlands under forests in northeast Brandenburg (Germany) using remotely sensed data radar data (ALOS-PALSAR and Sentinel 1) T2 - ESA Living Planet Symposium 2022 N2 - High-resolution recording and forecasting of peatlands under forests in northeast Brandenburg (Germany) using remotely sensed data (Radar ALOS-PALSAR and Sentinel 1). Peatlands are important in terms of CO2 storage, water cycling, biochemical cycles, biodiversity, and ecosystem services. Peatlands are constantly altered and damaged due to agriculture and drainage. Thus it is crucial to manage them sustainably. How? First step – locating and quantifying them with geospatial data and remote sensing methods since locating and collecting data in field is highly expensive and arduous in terms of labour and time. Our MAIN RESEARCH QUESTION therefore is: Is it possible to generate a method to record the location of peatlands under forests at high resolution using RS?. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5205 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mohiuddin, Gulam A1 - Mund, Jan-Peter T1 - Cooling Effect of Urban Green Infrastructure in Urban Areas: A Study using Land Surface Temperature T2 - Living Planet Symposium 2022 N2 - The poster presents the findings from the study titled "Cooling Effect of Urban Green Infrastructure in Urban Areas: A Study using Land Surface Temperature". The poster was presented on 27 May 2022 at the Living Planet Symposium 2022 in Bonn (Germany). Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5193 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tanneberger, Franziska A1 - Birr, Friedrich A1 - Couwenberg, John A1 - Kaiser, Moritz A1 - Luthardt, Vera A1 - Nerger, Monique A1 - Pfister, Sonja A1 - Oppermann, Rainer A1 - Zeitz, Jutta A1 - Beyer, Colja A1 - van der Linden, Sebastian A1 - Wichtmann, Wendelin A1 - Närmann, Felix T1 - Saving soil carbon, greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity and the economy: paludiculture as sustainable land use option in German fen peatlands JF - Regional Environmental Change N2 - Peatlands in the European Union are largely drained for agriculture and emit 25% of the total agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. Drainage-based peatland use has also negative impacts on water quality, drinking water provision and biodiversity. Consequently, key EU environmental policy objectives include the rewetting of all drained peatlands as an essential nature-based solution. Rewetting of peatlands can be combined with site-adapted land use, so-called paludiculture. Paludiculture produces biomass from wet and rewetted peatlands under conditions that maintain the peat body, facilitate peat accumulation and can provide many of the ecosystem services associated with natural, undrained peatlands. The biomass can be used for a wide range of traditional and innovative food, feed, fibre and fuel products. Based on examples in Germany, we have analysed emerging paludiculture options for temperate Europe with respect to greenhouse gas fluxes, biodiversity and indicative business economics. Best estimates of site emission factors vary between 0 and 8 t CO2eq ha−1 y−1. Suitability maps for four peatland-rich federal states (76% of total German peatland area) indicate that most of the drained, agriculturally used peatland area could be used for paludiculture, about one-third of the fen area for any paludiculture type. Fen-specific biodiversity benefits from rewetting and paludiculture, if compared to the drained state. Under favourable conditions, paludiculture can be economically viable, but costs and revenues vary considerably. Key recommendations for large-scale implementation are providing planning security by paludiculture spatial planning, establishing best practice sites and strengthening research into crops, water tables and management options. KW - Agriculture; Biodiversity; Ecosystem services; Greenhouse gases; Mitigation; Organic soil Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5003 SN - 1436-3798 SN - 1436-378X VL - 22 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weiss, Fabio A1 - Linde, Andreas T1 - How to estimate carabid biomass?—an evaluation of size-weight models for ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and perspectives for further improvement JF - Journal of Insect Conservation N2 - Biomass is an important metric for monitoring carabid populations and serves as an ecological indicator. Models that predict carabid weight based on body size represent a simple and straightforward method to estimate biomass and are therefore commonly used. However, such models are rarely evaluated against independent validation data. In this study, we evaluated the two widely used size-weight models by Szyszko (1983) and Booij et al. (1994) drawing on previously published independent data. Additionally, we developed and tested four new models to also evaluate the potential effect of taxonomic parameters; and compared model predictions with actual measurements of biomass using relative deviation graphs and observed versus predicted from regression. We show that the two models by Szyszko (1983) and Booij et al. (1994) contain systematic bias towards larger and smaller carabids, respectively, suggesting restricted applicability of such models. Additional taxonomic parameters improved weight predictions, indicating one possible solution to the issue of restricted applicability. We discuss further relevant limitations of size-weight models and their application and recommend a combined use of the models of Szyszko (1983) and Booij et al. (1994) for carabids ≥ 11.8 mm and < 11.8 mm, respectively. Implications for insect conservation: Size-weight models are a suitable and simple method to estimate the biomass of carabids and have great potential to be used in monitoring schemes, the investigation of long-term trends and ecological studies. It is, however, essential that researchers pay special attention to potential restrictions in their applicability and methodological limitations. KW - Insect monitoring; Size weight equation; Insect biomass; Insect decline; Ecological modelling; Model validation Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4983 SN - 1366-638X SN - 1572-9753 VL - 26 SP - 537 EP - 548 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Missall, Siegmund A1 - Abliz, Abdulla A1 - Halik, Ümüt A1 - Thevs, Niels A1 - Welp, Martin T1 - Trading Natural Riparian Forests for Urban Shelterbelt Plantations—A Sustainability Assessment of the Kökyar Protection Forest in NW China JF - Water N2 - Cities at the fringe of the Taklimakan desert in NW China are prone to dust and sand storms with serious consequences for human well-being. The Kökyar Protection Forest was established in the 1980s as an ecological engineering project with the intent of protecting the city of Aksu, NW China, from these impacts. It is designed as a combination of poplar shelterbelts and orchards, irrigated by river water from the Aksu River, the main tributary of the Tarim River. Prevalent literature describes it as an afforestation project for combatting desertification with manifold positive effects for the economic, social, and environmental dimension of sustainable development. This paper sets out to challenge these claims by a sustainability assessment in which the plantation is examined from a broader perspective, embedding it to the wider context of social and environmental problems in South Xinjiang. Methods comprise evapotranspiration calculations, interviews, a socioeconomic household survey, stakeholder dialogues, and literature research. Results affirm its economic sustainability, but see a mixed record for the social sphere. From the nature conservation point of view, it has to be classified as unsustainable because its high irrigation water consumption results in the downstream desiccation and desertification of natural riparian forests along the Tarim River, causing a forest loss in the downstream area twice the size of the forest gain in the upstream area. There is a trade-off between artificial shelterbelt plantations for urban ecosystem services on the one hand side, and natural riparian forests and their biodiversity on the other hand side. The paper recommends restricting agricultural extension, and using locally adapted less water consuming agroforestry schemes to protect urban dwellers from dust stress. KW - Central Asia; Tarim River; shelterbelt; Tugai; desertification; sustainability; afforestation; ecosystem services; ecological engineering Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5022 SN - 2073-4441 IS - 10(3) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Angelstam, Per K. A1 - Asplund, Brita A1 - Bastian, Olaf A1 - Engelmark, Ola A1 - Fedoriak, Mariia A1 - Grunewald, Karsten A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. A1 - Lindvall, Per A1 - Manton, Michael A1 - Nilsson, Magnus A1 - Nilsson, Sten B. A1 - Roberntz, Peter A1 - Shkaruba, Anton A1 - Skoog, Per A1 - Soloviy, Ihor A1 - Svoboda, Miroslav A1 - Teplyakov, Victor A1 - Tivell, Anders A1 - Westholm, Erik A1 - Zhuk, Alina A1 - Öster, Leif T1 - Tradition as asset or burden for transitions from forests as cropping systems to multifunctional forest landscapes: Sweden as a case study JF - Forest Ecology and Management N2 - Expectations of what forests and woodlands should provide vary among locations, stakeholder groups, and over time. Developing multifunctional forests requires understanding of the dynamic roles of traditions and cultural legacies in social-ecological systems at multiple levels and scales. Implementing policies about multifunctional forests requires a landscape and social-ecological perspective, and recognition of both spatial and temporal features at multiple scales. This study explores the dissemination of even-aged silviculture in central, eastern and northern Europe, and the consequences of choosing different vantage points in social-ecological systems for mapping of barriers, and to identify levers, towards multifunctional forest landscapes. Using a narrative approach, we first summarise the development of even-aged silviculture in four European regions. Next, we focus on Sweden as a keen adopter of even-aged silviculture, and identify levers at three groups of vantage points. They were (1) biosphere with biodiversity as short-hand for composition, structure and function of ecosystems, which support human well-being at multiple scales; (2) society in terms of different levels of stakeholder interactions from local to global, and (3) economy represented by value chain hierarchies and currencies. The emergence of even-aged silviculture >200 years ago formed an expanding frontier from central to northern Europe. Sustained yield wood production and biodiversity conservation encompass different portfolios of ecosystem aspects and spatio-temporal scales. Ignorance and lack of knowledge about these differences enforce their mutual rivalry. An exploratory review of six groups of stakeholders at multiple levels in the traditional industrial forest value chain highlights inequalities in terms of distribution of income and power across different levels of governance. This effectively marginalises other than powerful industrial actors. The distribution of financial results along the value chain is dynamic in space and time, and not all benefits of forest ecosystems can be measured using monetary valuation. There are also other currencies and incentives. A discussion of cultural trajectories in central and eastern European, Russian and Swedish forest management illustrates that forest history patterns repeat themselves. Longitudinal case studies of countries and regions can help foster holistic multi-dimensional and multi-level systems thinking. Application of deep levers of change is likely to require external drivers. A key challenge is to handle the manufacturing of doubt and decay of truth, i.e., the appearance of alternative facts, and the diminishing role of evidence and systems analyses in political and civic discourses. This transition is fuelled by new and rapidly evolving digital arenas. KW - Forest history; Collaborative learning; Honest broker; Landscape planning; Landscape stewardship; Systems-based thinking; Transformative change Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4789 SN - 0378-1127 IS - 505 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gohr, Charlotte A1 - von Wehrden, Henrik A1 - May, Felix A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. T1 - Remotely sensed effectiveness assessments of protected areas lack a common framework: A review JF - Ecosphere N2 - Effective protected areas reflect socio-ecological values, such as biodiversity and habitat maintenance, as well as human well-being. These values, which safeguard ecosystem services in protected areas, are treated as models for the sustainable preservation and use of resources. While there is much research on the effectiveness of protected areas in a variety of disciplines, the question is whether there is a common framework that uses remote sensing methods. We conducted a qualitative and a quantitative analysis of 44 peer-reviewed scientific papers utilizing remote sensing data in order to examine the effectiveness of protected areas. Very few studies to date have a wide or even a global geographical focus; instead, most quantify the effectiveness of protected areas by focusing on local-scale case studies and single indicators such as forest cover change. Methods that help integrate spatial selection approaches, to compare a protected area's characteristics with its surroundings, are increasingly being used. Based on this review, we argue for a multi-indicator-based framework on protected area effectiveness, including the development of a consistent set of socio-ecological indicators for a global analysis. In turn, this will allow for globally applicable use, including a concrete evaluation that considers the diversity of regional parameters, biome-specific variables, and political frameworks. Ideally, such a framework will enhance the monitoring and evaluation of global strategies and conventions. KW - effectiveness; protected areas; remote sensing; socio-ecological indicators Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4799 SN - 2150-8925 N1 - Data are available from figshare: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.17198771 VL - 13 IS - 4 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Selva, Nuria A1 - Kreft, Stefan A1 - Kati, Vassiliki A1 - Schluck, Martin A1 - Jonsson, Bengt-Gunnar A1 - Mihok, Barbara A1 - Okarma, Henryk A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. T1 - Roadless and Low-Traffic Areas as Conservation Targets in Europe JF - Environmental Management N2 - With increasing road encroachment, habitat fragmentation by transport infrastructures has been a serious threat for European biodiversity. Areas with no roads or little traffic (“roadless and low-traffic areas”) represent relatively undisturbed natural habitats and functioning ecosystems. They provide many benefits for biodiversity and human societies (e.g., landscape connectivity, barrier against pests and invasions, ecosystem services). Roadless and low-traffic areas, with a lower level of anthropogenic disturbances, are of special relevance in Europe because of their rarity and, in the context of climate change, because of their contribution to higher resilience and buffering capacity within landscape ecosystems. An analysis of European legal instruments illustrates that, although most laws aimed at protecting targets which are inherent to fragmentation, like connectivity, ecosystem processes or integrity, roadless areas are widely neglected as a legal target. A case study in Germany underlines this finding. Although the Natura 2000 network covers a significant proportion of the country (16%), Natura 2000 sites are highly fragmented and most low-traffic areas (75%) lie unprotected outside this network. This proportion is even higher for the old Federal States (western Germany), where only 20% of the low-traffic areas are protected. We propose that the few remaining roadless and low-traffic areas in Europe should be an important focus of conservation efforts; they should be urgently inventoried, included more explicitly in the law and accounted for in transport and urban planning. Considering them as complementary conservation targets would represent a concrete step towards the strengthening and adaptation of the Natura 2000 network to climate change. KW - Transport policy; Natura 2000; Fragmentation; Conservation law; Conservation targets; Climate change adaptation Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4856 SN - 0364-152X VL - 48 SP - 865 EP - 877 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Popescu, Carmen-Mihaela A1 - Pfriem, Alexander T1 - Treatments and modification to improve the reaction to fire of wood and wood based products—An overview JF - Fire and Materials N2 - Wood and wood-based products are widely used for structural building elements, but due to their composition, they are susceptible of combusting if exposed to fire. Fire safety is an important issue of building safety, especially when the building's fire load contents enhance the risks of fire spread. Therefore, the involved materials are very important to address the fire safety requirements. When existing timber structures are involved, the most usual way to improve its reaction to fire is to treat wood with fire retardant materials. The idea of this paper is to give an overall overview, on the existing fire-retardant and intumescent coating materials, modification, and treatments that can be applied to wood and wood-based products in order to improve their reaction to fire. KW - fire retardant; intumescent systems; reaction to fire; wood modification; wood treatment Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4541 SN - 0308-0501 VL - 44 IS - 1 SP - 100 EP - 111 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mahmood, Nasir A1 - Arshad, Muhammad A1 - Mehmood, Yasir A1 - Faisal Shahzad, Muhammad A1 - Kächele, Harald T1 - Farmers’ perceptions and role of institutional arrangements in climate change adaptation: Insights from rainfed Pakistan JF - Climate Risk Management N2 - Rainfed farmers are among the most vulnerable farming communities to climate change in Pakistan because of the heavy reliance of crop farming on rain and of farmers’ livelihoods on crop farming. The best and most timely responses against climate change are suitable adaptation measures. Accurately perceiving the risks associated with climate change is an essential factor for planning and then implementing adaptations. Using farm household-level data of 400 rainfed farmers collected through a well-designed and field-tested questionnaire, this study examines the association between various adaptation stages (climate risk perceptions, adaptation planning, and implementation of adaptation) and their determinants using a multivariate probit (MVP) model. The findings indicate that farmers’ perceptions of climatic changes are in line with historical climatic data. Climate risk management (CRM) trainings and digital agriculture extension and communication (DAEC) services (indicators of formal institutional arrangements) show a highly significant impact on all adaptation stages. Input market distance, farmer cooperative meetings (an indicator of informal institutional arrangement), off-farm income, education, and number of male family members are among the other key determinants. A highly significant association between various adaptation stages indicates that accurate climate risk perceptions lead to planning and implementation of adaptations. When risk perceptions are underestimated or lacking, then adaptations do not occur. The results further indicate that the timely availability of reliable information on advanced agricultural inputs, weather parameters, crop farming advisory services, and market information could help rainfed farmers devise sound adaptations to minimize risks associated with climate change. The study recommends the provision of CRM trainings and DAEC services to provide a better understanding and promote sound adaptation planning through the adaptive capacity enhancement of rainfed farming communities for sustainable production and livelihood security. KW - Risk perceptions KW - Adaptation planning KW - Climate risk management trainings KW - Digital advisory services KW - Rainfed KW - Pakistan Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7375 SN - 2212-0963 VL - 32 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cremer, Tobias A1 - Blasko, Lubomir T1 - Analyse der fotooptischen Vermessung von Kiefernstamm- und -industrieholz im Vergleich zum Sektionsraumaß JF - Allgemeine Forst- und Jagdzeitung KW - Holzlogistik; Holzbereitstellung; Fotooptik; Sektionsraummaß; Holzvermessung; Industrieholz; Stammholz; Kiefer Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4551 SN - 0002-5852 VL - 188 IS - 7/8 SP - 127 EP - 139 PB - J. D. Sauerländer ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bartsch, Robert A1 - Schleier, Caroline A1 - Schultz-Sternberg, Rüdiger A1 - Ritschel, Jürgen ED - Landeskompetenzzentrum Forst Eberswalde (LFE), ED - Hochschule für nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde (FH), T1 - Auswirkungen der Klimaveränderungen auf die brandenburgischen Böden – Expertengespräche und Literaturrecherche JF - Archiv für Forstwesen und Landschaftsökologie N2 - Im Rahmen des Projektes „Brandenburg spezifische Boden-Indikatoren für ein Klimamonitoring im Rahmen der Deutschen Anpassungsstrategie (DAS) sowie Zusammenstellung von aussagefähigen Wirkungs- und Alarmschwellen“ sind Kenntnisse über die spezifische Gefährdung der Brandenburger Böden zusammengestellt worden. Basierend auf den Prognosen von Gerstengarbe et al. (2003) und Zebisch et al. (2005) wird Brandenburg durch die prognostizierten Klimaveränderungen besonders betroffen sein. Diese werden sich vor allem in Veränderungen in Niederschlagsverteilungen, Niederschlagsformen und steigenden Temperaturen äußern. Besonders die Umverteilung der Niederschläge und steigende Temperaturen im Winterhalbjahr können den Wasserhaushalt des Bodens negativ beeinflussen (Linke et al., 2011). Eine Verringerung der Niederschläge im Sommerhalbjahr wird deutlich erkennbare Auswirkungen auf die bisher betriebene Landwirtschaft haben. Aufgrund der Veränderungen der Niederschlagsformen, mit zunehmenden Starkniederschlägen, ist mit häufigerem Auftreten von Bodenerosion sowie von lokalen und regionalen Hochwasserereignissen zu rechnen. Die befragten Experten betonen, dass im Boden Nutzungsänderungen voraussichtlich wesentlich stärker und schneller sichtbar werden als durch Änderungen im Klima. Dadurch kann ein negativer Einfluss der Klimaveränderungen durch frühzeitige Nutzungsanpassung kompensiert werden. T2 - Impact of climate change on soils in Brandenburg – interviews of experts and literature research KW - Boden; Klimawandel; Vulnerabilität; Bodenerosion; Bodenwasserhaushalt; Expertenbefragung Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4508 SN - 1862-4669 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - de Miguel-Díez, Felipe A1 - Reder, Stefan A1 - Wallor, Evelyn A1 - Bahr, Henrik A1 - Blasko, Lubomir A1 - Mund, Jan-Peter A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - Further application of using a personal laser scanner and simultaneous localization and mapping technology to estimate the log’s volume and its comparison with traditional methods JF - International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation N2 - The aim of this study was the development of a methodical processing line for estimating the log’s volume from scanning logs using a long-range high-speed personal laser scanner (PLS) GeoSLAM ZEB HORIZON and simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) technology in an open-source software framework of Cloud Compare. Additionally, the accuracy and precision of using PLS and the suggested method when measuring roundwood volume was examined compared to measurements made using a xylometer and estimations obtained from applying the formulae of Huber, Smalian and Newton. For this purpose, several parameters were measured in 50 logs of Norway spruce with an average length of 2.53 m and a mean diameter of 19.97 cm. Afterwards, the volume of these 50 logs was measured with a xylometer. The results of these measurements served as reference values. The same 50 logs were subsequently scanned with the PLS. The scans were converted into point clouds and were analyzed in Cloud Compare to estimate the volume of the scanned logs. Next, the root mean square error (RMSE) and the mean bias error (MBE) as well as their relative values were calculated for the volumes determined in Cloud Compare and estimated with the above mentioned formulae. The calculated RMSE (and relative RMSE) determined a deviation of the logs' volumes estimated in Cloud Compare from the xylometric volumes of 2.88 dm3 (3.54%) whereas the deviations of the log’s volumes calculated applying the formulae of Huber, Smalian and Newton from the xylometric volumes were respectively 9.63 dm3 (11.83%), 10.33 dm3 (12.69%) and 4.69 dm3 (5.76%). The calculated MBE (and relative MBE) showed that the estimated volumes in Cloud Compare and those using the formulae were overestimated, with the lowest overestimation of 0.10 dm3 (0.12%) in Cloud Compare and the highest, 5.50 dm3 (6.75%), using the Smalian formula. Therefore, it can be stated that results of suggested methodical processing line came closest to the logs' volumes obtained with the xylometer, i.e., they were more accurate and precise compared to the conventionally formulae for log’s volume estimation. The implementation of this method has the potential filling a gap towards a wall-to-wall complete digitization of the roundwood commercialization and ensure transparency and acceptance between the stakeholders involved in the wood supply chain. KW - SLAM; Point cloud; Roundwood measurement; Wood supply chain Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4496 SN - 1872-826X IS - 109 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - de Miguel-Díez, Felipe A1 - Pettenkofer, Tim A1 - Wallor, Evelyn A1 - Tolosana-Esteban, Eduardo A1 - Purfürst, Thomas A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - Influence of log and stack parameters on the conversion factors for Norway Spruce wood stacks using a 3D simulation model JF - International Journal of Forest Engineering N2 - One method for estimating the solid wood content in a stack involves using conversion factors and multiplying these by the measured gross volume. The conversion factors can vary depending on several log and stack parameters. The aim of this study was to analyze eleven parameters using a 3D simulation model based on 541 measured logs of Norway spruce. To this end, 50 data sets were created from measured logs, where the parameters of interest in this study (e.g., length, crookedness, taper …) were classified according to different ranges. After that, 64 runs of simulations were carried out. In each simulation run, 150 stacks were modeled. The simulation results were compared with previous studies and with the measurement guidelines of several countries. This analysis revealed that the parameters midpoint diameter, length, crookedness, delimbing quality and the proportion of moderately and highly crooked logs in a stack have a considerable influence on the conversion factors. Taper, proportion of butt logs in a stack and stack height have a modest effect as do the proportion of tapered and crooked logs for low and high taper and low crookedness. In contrast, ovality and the proportion of logs stacked in opposite directions have a marginal influence on the conversion factors. Based on findings from these analyses, the current measurement guidelines of different countries can now be adapted to achieve a higher degree of accuracy. KW - Roundwood measurement; conversion factors; solid wood content; software development Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4482 SN - 1494-2119 VL - 33 IS - 2 SP - 119 EP - 128 PB - Taylor & Francis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Marselle, Melissa R. A1 - Hartig, Terry A1 - Cox, Daniel T.C. A1 - de Bell, Siân A1 - Knapp, Sonja A1 - Lindley, Sarah A1 - Triguero-Mas, Margarita A1 - Böhning-Gaese, Katrin A1 - Braubach, Matthias A1 - Cook, Penny A. A1 - de Vries, Sjerp A1 - Heintz-Buschart, Anna A1 - Hofmann, Max A1 - Irvine, Katherine N. A1 - Kabisch, Nadja A1 - Kolek, Franziska A1 - Kraemer, Roland A1 - Markevych, Iana A1 - Martens, Dörte A1 - Müller, Ruth A1 - Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark A1 - Potts, Jacqueline M. A1 - Stadler, Jutta A1 - Walton, Samantha A1 - Warber, Sara L. A1 - Bonn, Aletta T1 - Pathways linking biodiversity to human health: A conceptual framework JF - Environment International N2 - Biodiversity is a cornerstone of human health and well-being. However, while evidence of the contributions of nature to human health is rapidly building, research into how biodiversity relates to human health remains limited in important respects. In particular, a better mechanistic understanding of the range of pathways through which biodiversity can influence human health is needed. These pathways relate to both psychological and social processes as well as biophysical processes. Building on evidence from across the natural, social and health sciences, we present a conceptual framework organizing the pathways linking biodiversity to human health. Four domains of pathways—both beneficial as well as harmful—link biodiversity with human health: (i) reducing harm (e.g. provision of medicines, decreasing exposure to air and noise pollution); (ii) restoring capacities (e.g. attention restoration, stress reduction); (iii) building capacities (e.g. promoting physical activity, transcendent experiences); and (iv) causing harm (e.g. dangerous wildlife, zoonotic diseases, allergens). We discuss how to test components of the biodiversity-health framework with available analytical approaches and existing datasets. In a world with accelerating declines in biodiversity, profound land-use change, and an increase in non-communicable and zoonotic diseases globally, greater understanding of these pathways can reinforce biodiversity conservation as a strategy for the promotion of health for both people and nature. We conclude by identifying research avenues and recommendations for policy and practice to foster biodiversity-focused public health actions. KW - Biodiversity KW - Ecosystem services KW - Nature KW - Mediation KW - Public health KW - Human well-being Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5624 SN - 0160-4120 VL - 150 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berendt, Ferréol A1 - Bajalan, Iman A1 - Wenig, Charlett A1 - Hinds, Charlotte A1 - Blaško, Ľubomír A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - Estimation of Scots pine bark biomass delivered to the wood industry in Northern Germany JF - Central European Forestry Journal N2 - Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is the most widely distributed pine species in the world. In Germany, as in many other European countries, it is a very important species both culturally and economically. Few studies have focused on bark volumes being delivered to the wood industry together with the roundwood, being potentially a valuable resource for material or energetic utilization. Therefore, logs from six different forest sites were collected and bark variables including double bark thickness (DBT) in three different categories, diameter, and bark damage (as a degree of miss-DBT) in three different categories, diameter, and bark damage (as a degree of miss-ing bark) were measured and analyzed in order to model bark volume (Vbark) and bark mass (Mbark). The correlation analysis using Pearson’s method showed that the highest correlation coefficients were observed from the correla-tion between DBT and Vbark, as well as between DBT and Mbark. Also, results demonstrated that with DBT greater than 20 mm, the percentage of Vbark exceeded 20%. Finally, different linear regression models were recommended to predict Vbark and Mbark based on the other variables. The results of this study can be used in different wood industries in order to predict bark volume and bark mass of e.g. truckloads or roundwood stacks. KW - bark thickness; bark volume; bark mass; Pinus sylvestris; correlation Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6126 SN - 2454-0358 VL - 69 IS - 2 SP - 89 EP - 97 PB - Sciendo ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bartkowski, Bartosz A1 - Bartke, Stephan A1 - Helming, Katharina A1 - Paul, Carsten A1 - Techen, Anja-Kristina A1 - Hansjürgens, Bernd T1 - Potential of the economic valuation of soil-based ecosystem services to inform sustainable soil management and policy JF - PeerJ N2 - The concept of ecosystem services, especially in combination with economic valuation, can illuminate trade-offs involved in soil management, policy and governance, and thus support decision making. In this paper, we investigate and highlight the potential and limitations of the economic valuation of soil-based ecosystem services to inform sustainable soil management and policy. We formulate a definition of soil-based ecosystem services as basis for conducting a review of existing soil valuation studies with a focus on the inclusion of ecosystem services and the choice of valuation methods. We find that, so far, the economic valuation of soil-based ecosystem services has covered only a small number of such services and most studies have employed cost-based methods rather than state-of-the-art preference-based valuation methods, even though the latter would better acknowledge the public good character of soil related services. Therefore, the relevance of existing valuation studies for political processes is low. Broadening the spectrum of analyzed ecosystem services as well as using preference-based methods would likely increase the informational quality and policy relevance of valuation results. We point out options for improvement based on recent advances in economic valuation theory and practice. We conclude by investigating the specific roles economic valuation results can play in different phases of the policy-making process, and the specific requirements for its usefulness in this context. KW - Agri-environmental policy; Ecosystem services; Economic valuation; Literature review; Multifunctionality; Policy cycle; Soil management Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6319 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hirl, Regina T. A1 - Ogée, Jérôme A1 - Ostler, Ulrike A1 - Schäufele, Rudi A1 - Baca Cabrera, Juan C. A1 - Zhu, Jianjun A1 - Schleip, Inga A1 - Wingate, Lisa A1 - Schnyder, Hans T1 - Temperature-sensitive biochemical 18O-fractionation and humidity-dependent attenuation factor are needed to predict δ18O of cellulose from leaf water in a grassland ecosystem JF - New Phytologist N2 - We explore here our mechanistic understanding of the environmental and physiological processes that determine the oxygen isotope composition of leaf cellulose (δ18Ocellulose) in a drought-prone, temperate grassland ecosystem. A new allocation-and-growth model was designed and added to an 18O-enabled soil–vegetation–atmosphere transfer model (MuSICA) to predict seasonal (April–October) and multi-annual (2007–2012) variation of δ18Ocellulose and 18O-enrichment of leaf cellulose (Δ18Ocellulose) based on the Barbour–Farquhar model. Modelled δ18Ocellulose agreed best with observations when integrated over c. 400 growing-degree-days, similar to the average leaf lifespan observed at the site. Over the integration time, air temperature ranged from 7 to 22°C and midday relative humidity from 47 to 73%. Model agreement with observations of δ18Ocellulose (R2 = 0.57) and Δ18Ocellulose (R2 = 0.74), and their negative relationship with canopy conductance, was improved significantly when both the biochemical 18O-fractionation between water and substrate for cellulose synthesis (εbio, range 26–30‰) was temperature-sensitive, as previously reported for aquatic plants and heterotrophically grown wheat seedlings, and the proportion of oxygen in cellulose reflecting leaf water 18O-enrichment (1 – pexpx, range 0.23–0.63) was dependent on air relative humidity, as observed in independent controlled experiments with grasses. Understanding physiological information in δ18Ocellulose requires quantitative knowledge of climatic effects on pexpx and εbio. KW - canopy conductance KW - grassland KW - isotope-enabled soil–vegetation–atmosphere transfer model (MuSICA) KW - 18O-enrichment of cellulose oxygen isotope composition of cellulose KW - perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) KW - relative humidity KW - temperature Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5700 SN - 0028-646X SN - 1469-8137 VL - 229 IS - 6 SP - 3156 EP - 3171 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwarz, Katharina A1 - Bapst, Beat A1 - Holinger, Mirjam A1 - Thüer, Susann A1 - Schleip, Inga A1 - Werne, Steffen T1 - Potentials of using milk performance data and FAMACHA score as indicators for Targeted Selective Treatment in Lacaune dairy sheep in Switzerland JF - Veterinary Parasitology N2 - Targeted Selective Treatment (TST) is one approach to slow down the development of anthelmintic resistance. Its success is closely linked to the correct identification of animals in need of treatment. In dairy goats it has been proposed to use milk yield as TST indicator and to focus treatments on high yielding dairy goats. In dairy sheep the relationship between milk performance and infection with gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) is not well known. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between milk yield and GIN infection in dairy sheep and based on this, to evaluate milk performance data as a potential TST indicator. Overall 1159 Lacaune ewes of 15 dairy sheep farms in Switzerland were included in the study. The ewes were phenotyped once between August and December 2019, when they were at least 70 days in milk (DIM). Individual faecal samples were taken from every ewe to determine the nematode egg concentration per gram faeces (EPG). In addition, the clinical parameters FAMACHA score and packed cell volume (PCV) were measured. Linear mixed models were used to analyse the effects of the collected parameters on EPG. EPG increased significantly with increasing test day milk yields (P = 0.002), indicating high yielding ewes to be less resistant to GIN infections than low yielding ewes. The effect was most pronounced in earlier lactation but remained within a moderate range. Overall, our results indicated the potential of using milk yield data of rather early lactation as TST indicator in dairy sheep. On farms with predominantly H. contortus the combination with FAMACHA might improve the correct identification of highly infected ewes, as FAMACHA was correlated with EPG (r = 0.37, P < 0.001). KW - Gastrointestinal nematodes; Dairy sheep; Milk yield; Targeted selective treatment; Organic farming; Anthelmintic resistance Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5698 SN - 0304-4017 IS - 277 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bose, Arun K. A1 - Gessler, Arthur A1 - Bolte, Andreas A1 - Bottero, Alessandra A1 - Buras, Allan A1 - Cailleret, Maxime A1 - Camarero, J. Julio A1 - Haeni, Matthias A1 - Hereş, Ana-Maria A1 - Hevia, Andrea A1 - Lévesque, Mathieu A1 - Linares, Juan C. A1 - Martinez-Vilalta, Jordi A1 - Matías, Luis A1 - Menzel, Annette A1 - Sánchez-Salguero, Raúl A1 - Saurer, Matthias A1 - Vennetier, Michel A1 - Ziche, Daniel A1 - Rigling, Andreas T1 - Growth and resilience responses of Scots pine to extreme droughts across Europe depend on predrought growth conditions JF - Global Change Biology N2 - Global climate change is expected to further raise the frequency and severity of extreme events, such as droughts. The effects of extreme droughts on trees are difficult to disentangle given the inherent complexity of drought events (frequency, severity, duration, and timing during the growing season). Besides, drought effects might be modulated by trees’ phenotypic variability, which is, in turn, affected by long-term local selective pressures and management legacies. Here we investigated the magnitude and the temporal changes of tree-level resilience (i.e., resistance, recovery, and resilience) to extreme droughts. Moreover, we assessed the tree-, site-, and drought-related factors and their interactions driving the tree-level resilience to extreme droughts. We used a tree-ring network of the widely distributed Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) along a 2,800 km latitudinal gradient from southern Spain to northern Germany. We found that the resilience to extreme drought decreased in mid-elevation and low productivity sites from 1980–1999 to 2000–2011 likely due to more frequent and severe droughts in the later period. Our study showed that the impact of drought on tree-level resilience was not dependent on its latitudinal location, but rather on the type of sites trees were growing at and on their growth performances (i.e., magnitude and variability of growth) during the predrought period. We found significant interactive effects between drought duration and tree growth prior to drought, suggesting that Scots pine trees with higher magnitude and variability of growth in the long term are more vulnerable to long and severe droughts. Moreover, our results indicate that Scots pine trees that experienced more frequent droughts over the long-term were less resistant to extreme droughts. We, therefore, conclude that the physiological resilience to extreme droughts might be constrained by their growth prior to drought, and that more frequent and longer drought periods may overstrain their potential for acclimation. KW - acclimation KW - latitudinal gradient KW - Pinus sylvestris KW - predisposition KW - tree rings Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5496 SN - 1365-2486 VL - 26 IS - 8 SP - 4521 EP - 4537 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jochheim, Hubert A1 - Lüttschwager, Dietmar A1 - Riek, Winfried T1 - Stem distance as an explanatory variable for the spatial distribution and chemical conditions of stand precipitation and soil solution under beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees JF - Journal of Hydrology N2 - The partitioning of bulk precipitation (PR) in forest ecosystems and its chemical composition depends on both meteorological factors, such as precipitation amount and intensity, evaporation rate, and wind speed, and stand structural factors, such as stand density, canopy structure, bark texture, and spatiotemporal distribution and density of foliage. We analysed fluxes of water and element contained therein of a mature European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forest stand on sandy soils in northeastern Germany. We applied a radially symmetrical setup within a stem distance gradient to measure stand precipitation (SP) with its components of throughfall (TF) and stemflow (SF), as well as to measure soil moisture, the chemical composition of the soil solution, the soil chemistry, and the fine root distribution. The chemical analysis of the constituents covered the macroelements (Ca, Mg, K, Na, Al, Fe, Mn, Si, S, P), the cations and anions NH4+, NO3–, Cl-, SO42-, and a few heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn). With an average PR of 620 mm a-1, the partitioning resulted in 79% TF, 6% SF, and 15% canopy interception. TF volume increased with distance to stem during summer, but decreased during winter. Clear spatial gradients with increasing concentrations from PR, to different classes of TF as the distance from the trunk decreased, to SF were observed for nearly all elements. The contact of precipitation with leaves and the canopy structures alters the chemical composition of TF and SF by transferring elements from dry deposition or leaching of intracellular materials from the canopy and leads to the input of larger amounts of macroelements and heavy metals with the SP into the soil. Spatial patterns of canopy structures thus affect the spatial variation of TF and its constituents, which also affects the spatial distribution of roots and, at least in phases, the chemical composition of the topsoil solution. KW - Throughfall; Stemflow; Soil solution; Stem distance; Element flux; Fagus; sylvatica Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5306 SN - 0022-1694 SN - 1879-2707 IS - 608 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ziche, Daniel A1 - Grüneberg, Erik A1 - Riek, Winfried A1 - Wellbrock, Nicole ED - Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, T1 - Vergleich der Daten der LUCAS 2015-Inventur und der zweiten Bodenzustandserhebung im Wald : Untersuchungen zur Vergleichbarkeit und Repräsentanz zweier bodenkundlicher Inventuren in Deutschland T2 - Thünen Report; 94 N2 - Die Produktivität von Waldökosystemen wird durch die Bereitstellung von Nährstoffen und Wasser gewährleistet. Somit ist das Wissen über die chemischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften der Böden essentiell sowohl zur Beurteilung des Bodenzustands als auch der Güte des Waldstandorts. Hierfür können Daten aus zwei bundesweiten Bodenzustandserhebung im Wald (BZE-Wald) von über 1.800 Probepunkten eines 8 x 8 km-Grundrasters herangezogen werden. Die Erhebungen fanden zwischen 1986 bis 1994 (BZE I-Wald) und 2006 bis 2008 (BZE II-Wald) nach einheitlichem Aufnahmeverfahren statt. Das LUCAS-Projekts zielt auf die Erstellung eines harmonisierten Datensatz zur Landbedeckung und Landnutzung innerhalb der Europäischen Union (EU). Das Europäische Datenzentrum (ESDAC) stellt 265.000 georeferenzierte Punkte auf einem 2 x 2 km-Raster bereit, die jeweils in den Jahren 2009 und 2015 an 10 % der Punkte am gleichen Standort beprobt wurden. Angesichts von zwei parallellaufender Bodeninventuren stellt sich die Frage einer potentiellen Verknüpfung miteinander. In dieser Studie werden die LUCAS-Bodendaten der Inventur des Jahres 2015 mit den entsprechenden bundesweiten BZE-Daten verglichen und auf ihre Repräsentativität überprüft. Um eine flächengewichtete Hochrechnung für Deutschland zu ermöglichen, erfolgte eine Zordnung der Inventurpunkte des LUCAS-Programms anhand ihrer Koordinaten zu den bei der bundesweiten BZE-Auswertung verwendeten 16 BZE-Substratklassen. Alle Klassen wurden hinsichtlich signifikanter und systematischer Unterschiede zwischen beiden Inventuren überprüft. Darüber hinaus wurden die BZE-Daten dahingehend evaluiert, inwieweit die ausschließlich im LUCAS Programm verwendete Tiefenstufe 0-20 cm im Vergleich zum Mineralboden bis in 90 cm Tiefe und der Humusauflage bei der Berechnung von Vorräten zukommt. Der Vergleich der bodenchemischen Kennwerte ergab deutliche Unterschiede zwischen den Inventuren. Sowohl die pH(H2O)-Werte als auch die C/N-Verhältnisse waren bei LUCAS 2015 niedriger, die Konzentrationen von C und N jedoch höher als bei der BZE II. Die Vorräte an Kohlenstoff und Sticksoff weisen noch größere Abweichungen gegenüber der BZE II aufgrund der Unsicherheiten bei der Ableitung von Trockenrohdichten aus Kartenmaterial auf. Im Gegensatz dazu erfolgte durch die BZE II eine volumenbezogene Beprobung an fast allen Standorten. Eine Ableitung von Trockenrohdichten aus Kartenmaterial führt bei der LUCAS-Inventur zu einer hohen Unsicherheit der Ergebnisse und zu einer Überschätzung von Vorratsänderungen. Die höheren Kohlenstoff- und Stickstoffkonzentrationen bei der LUCAS-Inventur könnte an einer unzureichend genauen Trennung der organischen Auflage vom Mineralboden liegen, da dieser durch Bestandteile der Auflage aufkonzentriert würde. Während der Erhebung der BZE-Wald wurde explizit auf die systematische Trennung beider Kompartimente geachtet. Weiterhin steht die Anzahl der beprobten LUCAS-Waldpunkte im Missverhältnis zur Waldfläche, da in Nord- und Süddeutschland zu wenig Probepunkte vorkamen. Allerdings sind die Waldanteile der LUCAS-Gesamtinventur mit denen der dritten Bundeswaldinventur vergleichbar. Die Stichprobengröße von LUCAS 2015 umfasst etwa 25 % der BZE II-Stichprobe. Hierdurch sind einige Substrattypen nur unzureichend belegt, weshalb zum einen wesentliche Bodeneigenschaften unberücksichtigt blieben und andererseits eine flächengewichtete Hochrechnung erschwert werden würde. Infolge der geringeren Stichprobe weichen die bodenchemischen Kennwerte der einzelnen Substratgruppen zwischen den Messnetzen ab. Außerdem erhöhen sich die Unsicherheiten durch die Reduzierung der Stichprobe. Somit ließen sich Bodenveränderungen bei einer Wiederholungsinventur schwerer detektieren. Die Daten aus den Bodeninventuren sind für die Treibhausgasberichterstattung relevant, da Kohlenstoffvorräten für die organische Auflage und für den Mineralboden bis zu einer Tiefe von mindestens 30 cm zu berichten sind. Im Mittel werden nach den Daten der BZE II 16 % des bis 90 cm Tiefe vorkommenden Kohlenstoffs in der Auflage gespeichert, wobei diese mit der LUCAS-Inventur nicht beprobt wurde. Der in der organischen Auflage gebundene Kohlenstoff ist vulnerabel gegenüber Klima- und Umwelteinflüssen, so dass eine Auswertung diesbezüglich nicht möglich ist. Weiterhin wurde bei LUCAS 2015 nur die oberen 20 cm des Mineralbodens beprobt und damit lediglich 42 % des bei der BZE II abgeschätzten Kohlenstoffs erfasst. Durch das Fehlen der Auflage und die geringere Tiefe sind die Daten aus LUCAS 2015 nur eingeschränkt für die Treibhausgasberichterstattung nutzbar. Aufgrund einer geringeren Repräsentativität sowie größeren Unsicherheiten und Diskrepanzen von LUCAS 2015 gegenüber der BZE im Wald würde eine Vereinigung beider Datensätze keine zusätzlichen Synergien erzeugen. N2 - The productivity of forest ecosystems depends on the supply of both nutrients and water by soils. Therefore, the knowledge of the chemical and physical soil properties is crucial for assessing the soil condition as well as the quality of forest sites. For this purpose, data are available from two nationwide Forest Soil Inventories (NFSI) on more than 1,800 sample plots of an 8 x 8 km grid. The inventories were conducted between 1986 and 1994 (NFSI I) and 2006 and 2009 (NFSI II) in accordance with harmonized surveying techniques. The LUCAS Project aims at the development of a harmonized dataset on land cover and land use within the European Union (EU). Approximately 265.000 georeferenced plots on a 2 x 2 km grid were available from the European Soil Data Centre (ESDAC). Soil samples were taken in 2009 and in 2015 at approximately 10 % of these plots at the same locations. Considering two almost parallel running soil inventories, questions have arisen to their potential links to one another. In this study, the LUCAS soil data from the 2015 inventory were compared with the corresponding NFSI II data and reviewed under the aspect of representativeness. In order to enable an area weighted estimation for Germany the plots of the LUCAS program were attributed to the same 16 soil parent material groups used in the German NFSI data using geographical coordinates. All classes were tested for significant and systematic differences between the inventories. To quantify C stocks, it is important to compare the depth level 0-20 cm of the LUCAS program to Germanies NFSI sampling scheme, where data available for the organic layer and the mineral soil down to 90 cm. The comparison of various chemical soil parameters showed clear differences between the inventories. The pH(H2O) and the C/N ratio derived from LUCAS 2015 was lower while carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations were higher compared to the NFSI II. The C and N stocks deviate even more from the NFSI II due to uncertainties in the estimation of bulk densities derived from maps. By contrast Germany’s NFSI, were volume-based sampling was obligatory for almost all plots. As a result, fine earth stock estimates from map derived bulk densities could result in highly uncertain and overestimated stocks change rates. Higher C and N concentrations of the LUCAS inventory could be attributed to an insufficient separation of the organic layer from the mineral soil because if the separation is not practiced carefully, residues of the organic layer can contaminate the mineral soil sample and cause significant higher concentrations. The soil sampling of the NFSI focused explicitly of the systematic separation of both compartments. The number of the sampled forest plots of LUCAS 2015 showed a lack of representativeness because in the northern and southern parts of Germany an insufficient number of plots were sampled. Nevertheless, the proportion of the forest area of the total LUCAS inventory is comparable with Germany’s Third National Forest Inventory. The selected LUCAS 2015 samples comprise 25 % of the NFSI II plots which results in an insufficient coverage of various soil groups. This means that soil properties remain unconsidered and that the area-weighted extrapolation could become more difficult. Chemical soil parameter within in individual substrate groups differed between the sampling grids due to the smaller sample of LUCAS 2015 compared to the NFSI II. Moreover, the reduction of sampling plots results in an increase of uncertainties. Thus, the detection of changes in soil conditions could be more difficult in respect to repeated sampling. Soil inventory data are of importance in greenhouse gas reporting because C stocks the organic layer and the mineral soil down to 90 cm must be reported. The analysis of the NFSI II revealed that the organic layer comprises 16 % of the C stored in the entire soil profile. The organic layer was not sampled in the LUCAS inventory. Nevertheless, changes in C stored in the organic layer is vulnerable to impacts of climate and other environmental and anthropogenic variables but the effects cannot be considered with LUCAS 2015. Due to the LUCAS 2015 mineral soil sampling depth down to 20 cm only 42 % of the stored C was detected in the entire soil profile. Therefore, data based on LUCAS 2015 are insufficiently qualified for the greenhouse gas reporting due to the lack of a sampled organic layer and the limitation to the sampling depth of 20 cm. Compared to Germany’s NFSI, the results based on the LUCAS inventory revealed a smaller representativity and were associated with larger uncertainties as well as discrepancies. Consequently, the union of both data sets will not result in additional synergies. T2 - Comparison of the LUCAS 2015 inventory with the second National Forest Soil Inventory : Comparability and representativeness of two soil inventories conducted in Germany KW - Boden; Wald; Inventur; Probenahme; Karten; Konzentrationen; Vorräte; Kohlenstoff; Stickstoff; pH-Wert; Trockenrohdichte; Unsicherheiten; Harmonisierung; Repräsentativität KW - Soil; Forest; Monitoring; Inventory; Sampling; Mapping; Stocks; Concentrations; Carbon; Nitrogen; pH-Value; Bulk density; Uncertainties; Representativity; Harmonisation Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5314 UR - https://literatur.thuenen.de/digbib_extern/dn064841.pdf SN - 978-3-86576-239-9 SN - 2196-2324 PB - Thünen-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Ländliche Räume, Wald und Fischerei ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nölting, Benjamin A1 - König, Bettina A1 - Zimmermann, Anne B. A1 - Di Giulio, Antonietta A1 - Schäfer, Martina A1 - Schneider, Flurina T1 - Dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic: an opportunity to reflect on sustainability research JF - Sustainability Management Forum | NachhaltigkeitsManagementForum N2 - The COVID-19 pandemic has jolted societies out of normality, possibly creating new conditions for sustainability transformations. What does this mean for sustainability research? Because of the scope of the crisis, researchers have been heavily involved: not only have they had to speed up the pace of scientific production to provide urgently needed COVID-19 knowledge, but they have also been affected citizens. For sustainability science, this calls for an experience-based reflection on the positionality and orientation of research aiming to support sustainability transformations. Twenty sustainability researchers discussed their sustainability research on COVID-19 in three workshops based on the following questions: How does the pandemic—and the measures taken to deal with it—affect sustainable development? What can we learn from the pandemic from the perspective of societal transformation? The present discussion paper emerged from this multidisciplinary exchange among sustainability researchers, considering five topics: impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on sustainability transformations; learning for sustainability transformations; the role of solidarity; governance and political steering; and the role of science in society. Our discussions led to a meta-level reflection on what sustainability research can learn from research on COVID-19 regarding topics and disciplinary angles, time dimensions, the role of researchers, and how adequate preparation for both crises and long-term transformations requires interdisciplinary interaction. KW - COVID-19; Corona pandemic; Sustainable development; Sustainability research; Interdisciplinarity; Transformation; Reflection Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5254 SN - 2948-1627 VL - 30 SP - 11 EP - 27 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Riek, Winfried A1 - Russ, Alexander ED - Ministerium für Landwirtschaft, Umwelt und Klimaschutz des Landes Brandenburg; Landesbetrieb Forst Brandenburg, T1 - Zustand der Waldböden im Land Brandenburg : Praxisempfehlungen für die nachhaltige und bodenpflegliche Bewirtschaftung der Wälder Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5294 UR - https://forst.brandenburg.de/sixcms/media.php/9/Waldboden_Broschuere.pdf ER -