TY - JOUR A1 - Winkler, Christoph A1 - Schwarz, Ulrich A1 - Senge, Bernhard T1 - Materialwissenschaftliche Analyse des Abbindeverhaltens von Holzklebstoffen am Beispiel von 1K-PUR JF - Chemie Ingenieur Technik N2 - Das Abbinden von Holzklebstoffen wird bisher anhand von Parametern bewertet, die kaum eine prozesstechnische Optimierung ermöglichen. Mithilfe von Oszillationsmessungen und einem an dem Klebeprozess angepassten Versuchsaufbau kann dieser jedoch detailliert erfasst werden. Am Beispiel durchgeführter Timesweep-Messungen kann der Klebeprozess in charakteristische Bereiche molekularer und struktureller Abläufe eingeteilt werden. Diese Methode wird anhand eines Polyurethan-Prepolymers zum Fügen von Holzwerkstoffen dargestellt und analysiert. KW - Holz; Kinetik; Polyurethan; Rheologie; Strukturentwicklung Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5323 SN - 0009-286X SN - 1522-2640 VL - 92 IS - 6 SP - 759 EP - 768 PB - Wiley ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Russ, Alexander A1 - Riek, Winfried A1 - Wessolek, Gerd T1 - Mapping of soil carbon stocks using scorpan modelling and relative depth gradients T2 - Pedometrics in an uncertain time and world N2 - Nowadays regional data on forest soil properties are increasingly demanded for various questions concerning forest management practices like tree species selection, liming, harvest intensity or the detection of risk areas. Thus data related to climate change and its site specific drought effects on one hand and current soil nutrient status on the other is especially required to support decision making. Besides soil texture, soil organic carbon is one of the most important key factors controlling soil nutrient status (eg. cation-exchange capacity) and soil water storage (e.g. field capacity) in the glacial deposits of north eastern lowlands. In contrast to soil texture, which can be considered as stable over periods relevant to practical forest management, for mapping soil organic carbon and its distribution throughout the soil profile a more dynamic regionalization approach considering contemporary measurements is needed. For this purpose, data on contemporary soil organic carbon stocks is taken from the second National Forest Soil Inventory and additional regional sampling points in Brandenburg (Germany). Potential covariates representing the soil forming factors: parent material, organisms (vegetation), age, relief and climate are obtained with high spatial resolution from forest site mapping, forest inventory, digital terrain analysis and climate models. The proposed regionalization approach captures the concepts of SCORPAN modelling and depth functions. While for estimation of carbon stocks in the entire soil solum stepwise regression analysis and geostatistical techniques are involved, the methodology to derive and map relative depth functions is based on cluster analysis and classification tree approach. The intended benefits by splitting regionalisation into plot level and relative vertical depth gradients are to ensure consistency of solum stocks and single soil depths and to avoid the construction of artificial depth gradients. Furthermore, the procedure allows a straightforward interpretation of covariates in the sense of pedogenetic processes, which: (a) supports variable selection and exclusion of spurious covariates during model development and (b) may provide direct decision support regarding environmental and management effects on soil organic carbon. The obtained statistical models contain covariates related to all five soil forming factors. But, the conducted analyses especially point towards high influences of depth to groundwater table and mean slope of catchment area on soil organic carbon storage. Invoking geostatistical techniques shows no remaining variation, to be explained by spatial position and thus don’t improve overall model performance. Cluster analysis of relative depth gradients results in five Clusters of acceptable heterogeneity. The highest differences between the clusters are observed across the portions of carbon stored in the forest floor. Relative depth gradients are especially distinguished by tree species composition and stand age. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5286 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mann, Carsten A1 - Loft, Lasse A1 - Hernández-Morcillo, Mónica T1 - Assessing forest governance innovations in Europe: Needs, challenges and ways forward for sustainable forest ecosystem service provision JF - Ecosystem Services N2 - This Special Issue provides insights into conceptual approaches, methodological procedures and practice findings for the development and assessment of governance innovations for the sustainable provision of forest ecosystem services (FES) in Europe. We depart from the observation that the sustainable and balanced provision of FES requires novel policy, management and business approaches that need to overcome challenges in order to emerge, develop and flourish. These challenges are rooted in the diversity of forest ecosystems and institutional contexts, a lack of system understanding, of innovation dynamics, the public good character of many FES, and a production-oriented reference frame for forest management. We use a set of good governance innovation practices in form of new actor alliances and payment schemes as a basis for assessment and learning how to promote different kinds or bundles of FES. The contributing authors of the SI combine several methodological approaches to understand the working conditions of such innovations, including integrated mapping, stakeholder and governance analysis, and a forward-looking scenario approach for innovation assessment. Applying multi-methods and multi-actor approaches fruitfully orchestrated a constructive debate among stakeholders on the chances and challenges of governance innovations in Europe, to allow for their uptake in forest policy, business and practice. KW - Forest ecosystem services; Governance innovations; Multi-actor approach; Constructive innovation assessment; Forest management; Forest policy Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4731 SN - 2212-0416 IS - 52 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Waibel, Michael A1 - Blöbaum, Anke A1 - Matthies, Ellen A1 - Schwede, Dirk A1 - Messerschmidt, Rolf A1 - Mund, Jan-Peter A1 - Katzschner, Lutz A1 - Jayaweera, Ravi A1 - Becker, Annalena A1 - Karagianni, Christina A1 - McKenna, Amelie A1 - Lambrecht, Oliver A1 - Rivera, Marcelo A1 - Kupski, Sebastian T1 - Enhancing Quality of Life through Sustainable Urban Transformation in Cambodia: Introduction to the Build4People Project JF - Insight: Cambodia Journal of Basic and Applied Research N2 - This policy brief introduces preliminary research results of the Build4People project, funded by the German government as part of the multi-phase focus programme “Sustainable Development of Urban Regions”. Furthermore, the research agenda of the upcoming main four-year Research and Development phase (RD phase) will be introduced based on insights gained in previous shorter funding periods. The Build4People research consortium consists of representatives from four German universities and two German companies with their respective research, implementation and dissemination partners in the Kingdom of Cambodia. Build4People’s rationale is based on Phnom Penh‘s dynamic economic growth, which is coupled with a local urbanisation and construction boom. However, new buildings and neighbourhoods are rarely constructed in a sustainable way with direct and indirect negative environmental impacts. Issues of sustainability are hardly addressed by decision-makers in the construction sector, related ministries, city administrations or building users. The overall aim of the multi- and trans-disciplinary Build4People project during the RD phase is to support and analyse the transformative shift in Phnom Penh’s current business-as-usual urban development pathway towards a pathway with higher sustainability and liveability levels. The entry points for the research are the building and neighbourhood planning sectors. Methods, tools and key instruments to achieve the objectives of the RD phase are collaborative planning workshops, strategic niche management approaches, transition management approaches and subsequent experimental implementation. All of these measures will generate applied knowledge for local stakeholders and a basis for evidence-based decision-making. Urban quality of life as a people-driven approach serves as the integrating link for all of our scientific, conceptional, analytical and normative dimensions. During our research, we will jointly conceptualize, measure and model urban quality of life and consider its political dimension and its often-ambiguous relationship to sustainability. KW - Sustainable buildings; sustainable urban transformation; integrated urban people-centric development; urban quality of life; sustainable urban development pathways; pro-environmental behaviour and sustainable living; Royal Kingdom of Cambodia Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5140 SN - 2790-3508 SN - 2790-3516 VL - 2 IS - 2 SP - 199 EP - 233 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mohiuddin, Gulam A1 - Mund, Jan-Peter T1 - Application of Land Surface Temperature Analysis in Urban Green Spaces: Case Studies from South Asia JF - GI_Forum N2 - This paper demonstrates the use of remote sensing in planning urban green spaces (UGSs). UGSs emerged as a popular solution to combat the effects of Urban Heat Island, especially in tropical cities. UGS projects often need to identify priority implementation areas due to limited funding for UGSs. This study includes two Asian cities, namely Phnom Penh (Cambodia) and Chittagong (Bangladesh). It is not comparative, but it has identified priority administrative areas for future UGSs in both cities. We used Landsat 8 data and the remote sensing technique Land Surface Temperature (LST) analysis using radiance, temperature brightness and emissivity. LST data were then intersected with the administrative boundaries of the study areas. The identification of priority administrative areas for UGS considered both the area coverage and the percentage of coverage in terms of maximum LST within the administrative units’ boundaries. The result found 8 and 10 administrative units to be hotspots for UGSs, for Phnom Penh and Chittagong respectively. The proposed method will be useful to both government and non-government organizations alike, especially in tropical countries. KW - Land Surface Temperature (LST); urban green spaces (UGS); remote sensing Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5168 SN - 2308-1708 VL - 9 IS - 2 SP - 202 EP - 214 PB - Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Foehrder, Torben A1 - Mund, Jan-Peter A1 - Spathelf, Peter T1 - Advantages of 360° Virtual Forest Tours to Supplement Academic Forestry Education JF - GI_Forum N2 - 360° virtual forest tours (VFTs), created by state-of-the-art virtual reality technology, contribute to the progression of academic e-learning and forest management. The article proposes a conceptual framework for 360° VFT production and use to supplement field courses. Reflective insights into the authors’ own learning process in the production of 360° VFTs, and a consideration of the general challenges of the medium are also presented. To conclude, the article summarizes the advantages of 360° VFTs for forestry education in an academic context. KW - virtual forest tours; forestry education; virtual reality; e-learning Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5179 SN - 2308-1708 VL - 9 IS - 2 SP - 34 EP - 44 PB - Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften ER - TY - CHAP A1 - McKenna, Amelie A1 - Schultz, Alfred A1 - Borg, Erik A1 - Neumann, Matthias A1 - Mund, Jan-Peter T1 - Remote sensing and GIS based ecological modelling of potential red deer habitats in the test site region DEMMIN (TERENO) T2 - EGU General Assembly 2020, 04.-08. Mai 2020 (ONLINE), Vienna, Austria N2 - The destruction of habitats has not only reduced biological diversity but also affected essential ecosystem services of the Central European cultural landscape. Therefore, in the further development of the cultural landscape and in the management of natural resources, special importance must be attached to the habitat demands of species and the preservation of ecosystem services. The study of ecosystem services has extended its influence into spatial planning and landscape ecology, the integration of which can offer an opportunity to enhance the saliency, credibility, and legitimacy of landscape ecology in spatial planning issues. Objective: This paper proposes a methodology to detect red deer habitats for e.g. huntable game. The model is established on remote sensing based value-added information products, the derived landscape structure information and the use of spatially and temporally imprecise in-situ data (e.g. available hunting statistics). In order to realize this, four statistical model approaches were developed and their predictive performance assessed. Methods: Altogether, our results indicate that based on the data mentioned above, modeling of habitats is possible using a coherent statistical model approach. All four models showed an overall classification of > 60% and in the best case 71,4%. The models based on logistic regression using preference data derived from 5-year hunting statistics, which has been interpreted as habitat suitability. The landscape metrics (LSM) will be calculated on the basis of the Global Forest Change dataset (HANSEN et al. 2013b ). The interpolation of landcover data into landscape-level was made with the software FRAGSTAT and the moving window approach. Correlation analysis is used to identify relevant LSM serving as inputs; logistic regression was used to derive a final binary classifier for habitat suitability values. Three model variations with different sets of LSM are tested using the unstandardized regression coefficient. Results lead to an insight of the effect of each LSM but not on the strength of the effect. Furthermore, the predicted outcome is rather difficult to interpret as different units and scales for each LSM are used. Hence, we calculated the fourth model using the standardized regression coefficient. It harmonized the measurement units of the LSM and thus allowed a better comparison, interpretation, and evaluation.Conclusion: Our research reveals that applying a statistical model using coarse data is effective to identify potential red deer habitats in a significant qualitative manner. The presented approach can be analogously applied to other mammals if the relevant structural requirements and empirical habitat suitability data (e.g. home range, biotopes, and food resources) are known. The habitat preferences of red deer are best described by LSM concerning area-relation and wildlifeedge relations. Most important are edges between meadows, pastures or agricultural field and forest, as well as short paths between those elements for food resources. A large proportion of forest is important for species survival and positively influences the occurrence of red deer. Outcomes help to understand species habitat relation and on which scale wildlife perceives the landscape. In addition, they support the practical habitat management and thus the overall species diversity. KW - habitat; red deer (Cervus elaphus); remote sensing; ground-truth; landscape metrics; logistic regression; COPERNICUS; TERENO Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5155 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bönecke, Eric A1 - Meyer, Swen A1 - Vogel, Sebastian A1 - Schröter, Ingmar A1 - Gebbers, Robin A1 - Kling, Charlotte A1 - Kramer, Eckart A1 - Lück, Katrin A1 - Nagel, Anne A1 - Philipp, Golo A1 - Gerlach, Felix A1 - Palme, Stefan A1 - Scheibe, Dirk A1 - Zieger, Karin A1 - Rühlmann, Jörg T1 - Guidelines for precise lime management based on high-resolution soil pH, texture and SOM maps generated from proximal soil sensing data JF - Precision Agriculture N2 - Soil acidification is caused by natural paedogenetic processes and anthropogenic impacts but can be counteracted by regular lime application. Although sensors and applicators for variable-rate liming (VRL) exist, there are no established strategies for using these tools or helping to implement VRL in practice. Therefore, this study aimed to provide guidelines for site-specific liming based on proximal soil sensing. First, high-resolution soil maps of the liming-relevant indicators (pH, soil texture and soil organic matter content) were generated using on-the-go sensors. The soil acidity was predicted by two ion-selective antimony electrodes (RMSEpH: 0.37); the soil texture was predicted by a combination of apparent electrical resistivity measurements and natural soil-borne gamma emissions (RMSEclay: 0.046 kg kg−1); and the soil organic matter (SOM) status was predicted by a combination of red (660 nm) and near-infrared (NIR, 970 nm) optical reflection measurements (RMSESOM: 6.4 g kg−1). Second, to address the high within-field soil variability (pH varied by 2.9 units, clay content by 0.44 kg kg−1 and SOM by 5.5 g kg−1), a well-established empirical lime recommendation algorithm that represents the best management practices for liming in Germany was adapted, and the lime requirements (LRs) were determined. The generated workflow was applied to a 25.6 ha test field in north-eastern Germany, and the variable LR was compared to the conventional uniform LR. The comparison showed that under the uniform liming approach, 63% of the field would be over-fertilized by approximately 12 t of lime, 6% would receive approximately 6 t too little lime and 31% would still be adequately limed. KW - Variable rate soil liming; Soil texture; Soil pH; Soil organic matter; Soil sensing; Site specific soil management Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4890 SN - 1385-2256 VL - 22 SP - 493 EP - 523 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Horf, Michael A1 - Bönecke, Eric A1 - Gebbers, Robin A1 - Kling, Charlotte A1 - Kramer, Eckart A1 - Rühlmann, Jörg A1 - Schröter, Ingmar A1 - Schwanghart, Wolfgang A1 - Vogel, Sebastian T1 - Utility of visible and near-infrared spectroscopy to predict base neutralizing capacity and lime requirement of quaternary soils JF - Precision Agriculture N2 - Detailed knowledge of a soil’s lime requirement (LR) is a prerequisite for a demand-based lime fertilization to achieve the optimum soil pH and thus sustainably increasing soil fertility and crop yields. LR can be directly determined by the base neutralizing capacity (BNC) obtained by soil-base titration. For a site-specific soil acidity management, detailed information on the within-field variation of BNC is required. However, soil-base titrations for BNC determination are too laborious to be extensively applied in routine soil testing. In contrast, visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (visNIRS) is a time and cost-effective alternative that can analyze several soil characteristics within a single spectrum. VisNIRS was tested in the laboratory on 170 air-dried and sieved soil samples of nine agricultural fields of a quaternary landscape in North-east Germany predicting the soil’s BNC and the corresponding lime requirement (LRBNC) at a target pH of 6.5. Seven spectral pre-processing methods were tested including a new technique based on normalized differences (ND). Furthermore, six multivariate regression methods were conducted including a new method combining a forward stagewise subset selection algorithm with PLSR (FS-PLSR). The models were validated using an independent sample set. The best regression model for most target variables was FS-PLSR combined with the second Savitzky-Golay derivation as pre-processing method achieving R2s from 0.68 to 0.82. Finally, the performance of the direct prediction of LRBNC (R2 = 0.68) was compared with an indirect prediction that was calculated by the predicted BNC parameters. This resulted in slightly higher correlation coefficients for the indirect method with R2 = 0.75. KW - Soil acidification; pH buffer capacity; Soil-base titration; Precision agriculture; Chemometrics Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4916 SN - 1385-2256 SN - 1573-1618 VL - 24 SP - 288 EP - 309 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hebinck, Aniek A1 - Klerkx, Laurens A1 - Elzen, Boelie A1 - Kok, Kristiaan P. W. A1 - König, Bettina A1 - Schiller, Katharina A1 - Tschersich, Julia A1 - van Mierlo, Barbara A1 - von Wirth, Timo T1 - Beyond food for thought – Directing sustainability transitions research to address fundamental change in agri-food systems JF - Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions N2 - Dominant agricultural and food systems lead to continuous resource depletion and unacceptable environmental and social impacts. While current calls for changing agrifood systems are increasingly framed in the context of sustainability transitions, they rarely make an explicit link to transition studies to address these systemic challenges, nor do transition scholars sufficiently address agri-food systems, despite their global pertinence. From this viewpoint, we illustrate several gaps in the agri-food systems debate that sustainability transition studies could engage in. We propose four avenues for research in the next decade of transition research on agri-food systems: 1) Crossscale dynamics between coupled systems; 2) Social justice, equity and inclusion; 3) Sustainability transitions in low- and middle-income countries; 4) Cross-sectoral governance and system integration. We call for a decade of new transition research that moves beyond single-scale and sector perspectives toward more inclusive and integrated analyses of food system dynamics. KW - Agri-food systems; Research agenda; Sustainability transitions; Food systems Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4885 SN - 2210-4224 IS - 41 SP - 81 EP - 85 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP A1 - von Münchhausen, Susanne A1 - Markow, Jekaterina A1 - Häring, Anna Maria A1 - Cronien, Evelien A1 - Fieldsend, Andrew T1 - Are Advisors the Primary Providers of Innovation Support Services in Forestry and Agriculture? Preliminary Findings from the Project LIAISON T2 - 14th European Farming Systems Conference – Farming systems facing climate change and resources challenges (IFSA22), Évora, Portugal, 10-14 April 2022 (Session Session 1.6 - Institutions and organisations in interactive innovation, Part Theme 1 - Innovation Support Services) N2 - A large variety of organisations provides support for cooperative approaches in the field of research and innovation in agriculture, forestry and rural development, and acts as Innovation Support Services (ISS). The findings from ProAkis (2015) show that different types of organisations such as administrative offices, public or semi-public advisory services, rural academies/universities, producer organisations, other NGOs or private consultants engaged in the Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation System (AKIS) can act as ISS. The funding of ISS can be public, private or a mix of both. A literature review indicates that studies often focus on the larger “enabling environment” and the structure of the Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation Systems (AKIS). Moreover, many authors pay particular attention to the role of public or semi-public farm advisory organisations (Knierim et al., 2015; Sulaiman 2015). The paper is based on the analysis of more than 200 case studies of publically or privately funded interactive innovation projects within the EU and beyond. The selection of cases took place under the framework of the Horizon2020-funded European research and innovation project LIAISON. European and national databases contain several thousands of projects in agriculture, forestry and rural development. We selected projects applying the interactive innovation approach from a) EU programmes (EIP-Agri, Horizon2020, Interreg, and LIFE+); b) nationally/regionally or privately funded projects; and c) informal initiatives or networks in the agri-food, forestry, bioeconomy or nature conservation area. The results indicate that publically funded IIS play a core role for legal/administrative compliance of projects. Semi-public advisory services take up this role as well, and they are strong in linking farmers with scientists, technicians, entrepreneurs etc. However, they often exist and offer efficient ISS only for those industries that have a long tradition for a sector or area (e.g. dairy, pork, poultry or club fruit). This paper shows that different types of organisations (research institutes, farmers or producer organisations, NGOs, processing or marketing SMEs, or public bodies) provide various forms of support for the studied interactive innovation groups. No particular type of organisation such as the farm advisory services are more suitable than the other organisations for the delivery of ISS. Instead, it depends on former collaboration, the particular topic, objective or capacities available as well as the cultural/political context who engages in interactive innovation and provides innovation support. KW - Farm advisory service; Innovation; Agriculture; Coinnovation; AKIS; Innovation support service; EIP-AGRI Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4698 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weiss, Fabio A1 - Michler, Frank Uwe A1 - Gillich, Benjamin A1 - Tillmann, Jörg A1 - Ciuti, Simone A1 - Heurich, Marco A1 - Rieger, Siegfried T1 - Displacement Effects of Conservation Grazing on Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) Spatial Behaviour JF - Environmental Management N2 - Conservation grazing uses semi-feral or domesticated herbivores to limit encroachment in open areas and to promote biodiversity. However, we are still unaware of its effects on wild herbivores. This study investigates the influence of herded sheep and goats on red deer (Cervus elaphus) spatial behavior by testing three a-priori hypotheses: (i) red deer are expected to avoid areas used by livestock, as well as adjacent areas, when livestock are present, albeit (ii) red deer increase the use of these areas when sheep and goats are temporarily absent and (iii) there is a time-lagged disruption in red deer spatial behavior when conservation grazing practice ends. Using GPS-telemetry data on red deer from a German heathland area, we modelled their use of areas grazed by sheep and goats, using mixed-effect logistic regression. Additionally, we developed seasonal resource selection functions (use-availability design) to depict habitat selection by red deer before, during, and after conservation grazing. Red deer used areas less during conservation grazing throughout all times of the day and there was no compensatory use during nighttime. This effect mostly persisted within 21 days after conservation grazing. Effects on habitat selection of red deer were detectable up to 3000 meters away from the conservation grazing sites, with no signs of either habituation or adaption. For the first time, we demonstrate that conservation grazing can affect the spatio-temporal behavior of wild herbivores. Our findings are relevant for optimizing landscape and wildlife management when conservation grazing is used in areas where wild herbivores are present. KW - Targeted grazing; Heathland conservation; Dry grassland; Wildlife; Habitat selection; Resource selection functions Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4609 SN - 0364-152X VL - 70 SP - 763 EP - 779 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Behrendt, Gerlinde A1 - Peter, Sarah A1 - Sterly, Simone A1 - Häring, Anna Maria T1 - Community financing for sustainable food and farming: a proximity perspective JF - Agriculture and Human Values N2 - An increasing number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the German organic agri-food sector involves citizens through different community financing models. While such models provide alternative funding sources as well as marketing opportunities to SMEs, they allow private investors to combine their financial and ethical concerns by directly supporting the development of a more sustainable food system. Due to the low level of financial intermediation, community financing is characterized by close relations between investors and investees. Against this background, we apply the proximity concept from economic geography to explore spatial and relational aspects of community financing in the German organic agri-food sector. Based on a qualitative multiple case study approach, we find that the relevance of proximity is twofold. While different forms of proximity between SMEs and their potential investors are key success factors, proximity is also considered as one desired outcome of community financing. Furthermore, our results reveal that the extent to which SMEs rely on particular proximity dimensions distinguishes two different approaches to community financing. KW - Proximity; Multiple case study; Crowdfunding; Cooperatives; Citizen shareholder corporations; Profit participation rights Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4711 VL - 39 IS - 3 SP - 1063 EP - 1075 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mensah, Isaac A1 - Ahiekpor, Julius Cudjoe A1 - Herold, Nadine A1 - Bensah, Edem Cudjoe A1 - Pfriem, Alexander A1 - Antwi, Edward A1 - Amponsem, Bright T1 - Biomass and plastic co-pyrolysis for syngas production: Characterisation of Celtis mildbraedii sawdust as a potential feedstock JF - Scientific African N2 - Celtis mildbraedii sawdust (CMS) from Ghana was characterised to investigate its suitability with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) for syngas production via co-pyrolysis. The physical and chemical properties assessed include proximate and ultimate compositions, pH value, higher heating value (HHV), and lignocellulosic composition. Also, the thermal behaviour at different heating rates (5, 10, and 20 K/min) and qualitative prediction of organic compounds of CMS were examined using thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG) and NIR spectroscopy techniques, respectively. Results of proximate analysis (moisture = 17.15 ± 0.0 wt.%, ash = 1.13 ± 0.4 wt.%, volatile matter = 68.39 ± 0.4 wt.%, fixed carbon = 13.33 ± 0.8 wt.%); ultimate analysis (C = 48.51 wt.%, H = 6.66 wt.%, N = 0.51 wt.%, S = 0.02 wt.%, O = 44.30 wt.%); pH values (cold phase = 7.60, hot phase = 6.30); HHV (15.37 – 18.03 MJ/kg); and lignocellulosic composition (extractives = 13.80 ± 0.57 wt.%, hemicellulose = 21.95 ± 3.89 wt.%, lignin = 17.35 ± 0.35 wt.%, cellulose = 46.90 ± 2.97 wt.%) were obtained. The maximum mass loss was 83.48% at 289.8 °C at 5 K/min. It was concluded that CMS is a highly potential biomass resource for syngas production with an empirical formula of CH1.64O0.69N0.009S0.0001. KW - Celtis mildbraedii sawdust; Physicochemical; Characterisation; Co-pyrolysis; Syngas; production; Ghana Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4588 SN - 2468-2276 IS - 16 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - de Miguel-Díez, Felipe A1 - Guigue, Phillippe A1 - Pettenkofer, Tim A1 - Tolosana-Esteban, Eduardo A1 - Purfürst, Thomas A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - Development and evaluation of a novel 3D simulation software for modelling wood stacks JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Assessing the solid wood content is crucial when acquiring stacked roundwood. A frequently used method for this is to multiply determined conversion factors by the measured gross volume. However, the conversion factors are influenced by several log and stack parameters. Although these parameters have been identified and studied, their individual influence has not yet been analyzed using a broad statistical basis. This is due to the considerable financial resources that the data collection entails. To overcome this shortcoming, a 3D-simulation model was developed. It generates virtual wood stacks of randomized composition based on one individual data set of logs, which may be real or defined by the user. In this study, the development and evaluation of the simulation model are presented. The model was evaluated by conducting a sensitivity and a quantitative analysis of the simulation outcomes based on real measurements of 405 logs of Norway spruce and 20 stacks constituted with these. The results of the simulation outcomes revealed a small overestimation of the net volume of real stacks: by 1.2% for net volume over bark and by 3.2% for net volume under bark. Furthermore, according to the calculated mean bias error (MBE), the model underestimates the gross volume by 0.02%. In addition, the results of the sensitivity analysis confirmed the capability of the model to adequately consider variations in the input parameters and to provide reliable outcomes. KW - Bark; Simulation and modeling; Wood; Computer software; Computerized simulations; Trees; Measurement; Friction Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4472 SN - 1932-6203 N1 - The software as well as the database used for the evaluation can be downloaded both at https://www.ag-rohholz.de/themen/projekt-hobeopt and at https://hnee.de/hobeopt. The source code can be accessed at: https://github.com/timpettenkofer/hoposim. IS - 17(3) ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mack, Kevin A1 - Schick, Axel A1 - Geyer, Juliane A1 - Kruhlov, Ivan A1 - Dichte, Angela A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. T1 - Ecosystem-based Adaptation in Ukraine based on three UNESCO Biosphere Reserves : Toolbox Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7205 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schäfer, Martina A1 - Haack, Michaela T1 - Overcoming the efficiency paradigm—The challenges of introducing local organic beef in canteens JF - Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems N2 - Introduction In recent years, there has been a growing recognition that public canteens can play an important role in supporting the transformation toward sustainable food systems and providing access to sustainable and healthy food for everybody—including the most vulnerable groups of the population. One important way in which canteens can contribute to this transformation is by increasing the share of organic and local products. These new political and public demands contrast with the organizational development of canteens over the past few decades, which has mainly been characterized by an increase in economic efficiency and a reduction in costs. Based on a project that was carried out in the Berlin-Brandenburg region (Germany), this paper exemplifies some of the challenges canteens face in the process of introducing organic and local products. Methods The empirical results are based on 31 qualitative interviews with canteen managers and kitchen staff as well as with the processing company involved. In addition, a survey of 500 canteen guests was conducted in the participating canteens. Results The analysis shows that the canteens had to adapt various organizational practices to ensure a healthy and sustainable diet at manageable cost. Introducing local organic beef in the canteens requires close cooperation with local farmers and processors, a change in procurement practices, transparency around the origin of the products, as well as adapted menu planning. Discussion Based on the empirical results, the paper discusses how these challenges can be met and which supportive measures can be taken on different governance levels. To change entrenched practices, process facilitators who support local cooperation along the value added chain are needed, and practical knowledge and professional training must be provided. The article concludes that there is a great potential to foster a sustainable and healthy diet via public and private canteens if the tension between efficiency and sustainability orientation can be overcome by adapting framework conditions. KW - canteens KW - public procurement KW - local products KW - kitchen management KW - public catering KW - efficiency paradigm KW - sustainability transformation KW - organic beef Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4395 SN - 2571-581X VL - 7 PB - Frontiers Media S.A. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Donat, Marco A1 - Geistert, Jonas A1 - Grahmann, Kathrin A1 - Bloch, Ralf A1 - Bellingrath-Kimura, Sonoko D. T1 - Patch cropping- a new methodological approach to determine new field arrangements that increase the multifunctionality of agricultural landscapes JF - Computers and Electronics in Agriculture N2 - Agricultural intensification decreased land cover complexity by converting small complex arable field geometries into large and simple structures which then were managed uniformly. These changes have led to a variety of negative environmental effects and influence ecosystem services. We present a novel small-scale and site-specific cropping system which splits a large field into small homogeneous sub-fields called ‘patches’ grouped in different yield potentials. A detailed workflow is presented to generate new spatially arranged patches with special focus on preprocessing and filtering of multi-year yield data, the variation in patch sizes and the adaptation of maximum working width to use available conventional farm equipment and permanent traffic lanes. The reduction of variance by the used cluster algorithm depends on the within-field heterogeneity. The patch size, the number of growing seasons (GS) used for clustering and the parallel shift of the patch structure along the permanent traffic lane resulted in a change in relative variance. Independent cross validation showed an increased performance of the classification algorithm with increasing number of GS used for clustering. The applied cluster analysis resulted in robust field segregation according to different yield potential zones and provides an innovative method for a novel cropping system. KW - Soil Management Zone Delineation; Yield Productivity Zones; Python; Clustering Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4365 SN - 0168-1699 IS - 197 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wilms, Florian A1 - Duppel, Nils A1 - Cremer, Tobias A1 - Berendt, Ferréol T1 - Bark Thickness and Heights of the Bark Transition Area of Scots Pine JF - Forests N2 - The estimation of forest biomass is gaining interest not only for calculating harvesting volumes but also for carbon storage estimation. However, bark (and carbon) compounds are not distributed equally along the stem. Particularly when looking at Scots pine, a radical change in the structure of the bark along the stem can be noted. At the bark transition area, the bark changes from thick and rough to thin and smooth. The aim of our study was (1) to analyze the height of the bark transition area where the bark structure changes and (2) to analyze the effect of cardinal direction on the bark thickness. Regression analyses and forward selection were performed including measured tree height, DBH, bark thickness, crown base height and upper and lower heights of the bark transition areas of 375 trees. While the cardinal direction had no effect on bark thickness, DBH was found to have a significant effect on the heights of the bark transition areas, with stand density and tree height having a minor additional effect. These variables can be used to estimate timber volume (without bark) with higher accuracy and to predict the carbon storage potential of forest biomass according to different tree compartments and compounds. KW - bark structure; Pinus sylvestris; forward selection; bark types Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4330 SN - 1999-4907 IS - 12(10) SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sabatini, Francesco Maria A1 - Bluhm, Hendrik A1 - Kun, Zoltan A1 - Aksenov, Dmitry A1 - Atauri, José A. A1 - Buchwald, Erik A1 - Burrascano, Sabina A1 - Cateau, Eugénie A1 - Diku, Abdulla A1 - Duarte, Inês Marques A1 - Fernández López, Ángel B. A1 - Garbarino, Matteo A1 - Grigoriadis, Nikolaos A1 - Horváth, Ferenc A1 - Keren, Srđan A1 - Kitenberga, Mara A1 - Kiš, Alen A1 - Kraut, Ann A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. A1 - Larrieu, Laurent A1 - Lombardi, Fabio A1 - Matovic, Bratislav A1 - Melu, Radu Nicolae A1 - Meyer, Peter A1 - Midteng, Rein A1 - Mikac, Stjepan A1 - Mikoláš, Martin A1 - Mozgeris, Gintautas A1 - Panayotov, Momchil A1 - Pisek, Rok A1 - Nunes, Leónia A1 - Ruete, Alejandro A1 - Schickhofer, Matthias A1 - Simovski, Bojan A1 - Stillhard, Jonas A1 - Stojanovic, Dejan A1 - Szwagrzyk, Jerzy A1 - Tikkanen, Olli-Pekka A1 - Toromani, Elvin A1 - Volosyanchuk, Roman A1 - Vrška, Tomáš A1 - Waldherr, Marcus A1 - Yermokhin, Maxim A1 - Zlatanov, Tzvetan A1 - Zagidullina, Asiya A1 - Kuemmerle, Tobias T1 - European primary forest database v2.0 JF - Scientific Data N2 - Primary forests, defined here as forests where the signs of human impacts, if any, are strongly blurred due to decades without forest management, are scarce in Europe and continue to disappear. Despite these losses, we know little about where these forests occur. Here, we present a comprehensive geodatabase and map of Europe’s known primary forests. Our geodatabase harmonizes 48 different, mostly field-based datasets of primary forests, and contains 18,411 individual patches (41.1 Mha) spread across 33 countries. When available, we provide information on each patch (name, location, naturalness, extent and dominant tree species) and the surrounding landscape (biogeographical regions, protection status, potential natural vegetation, current forest extent). Using Landsat satellite-image time series (1985–2018) we checked each patch for possible disturbance events since primary forests were identified, resulting in 94% of patches free of significant disturbances in the last 30 years. Although knowledge gaps remain, ours is the most comprehensive dataset on primary forests in Europe, and will be useful for ecological studies, and conservation planning to safeguard these unique forests. KW - Biodiversity KW - Conservation biology KW - Forest ecology Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4173 SN - 2052-4463 VL - 8 PB - Nature Publishing Group UK ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fischer, Daniel A1 - King, Jordan A1 - Rieckmann, Marco A1 - Barth, Matthias A1 - Büssing, Alexander A1 - Hemmer, Ingrid A1 - Lindau-Bank, Detlev T1 - Teacher Education for Sustainable Development: A Review of an Emerging Research Field JF - Journal of Teacher Education N2 - Abstract Teacher Education for Sustainable Development (TESD) is a niche innovation in teacher education that empowers teachers to prepare learners to address global socio-environmental challenges. To advance the diffusion of this niche innovation into general teacher education, this article offers a systematic literature review based on a qualitative analysis of 158 peer-reviewed publications on TESD research. Our results show that TESD research is a growing field characterized by five types of inquiry: designing learning environments, understanding learner attributes, measuring learning outcomes, promoting systems change, and advancing visions for the field. Major innovation potentials of TESD for more general teacher education are its emphasis on the grand socio-environmental challenges of our times, methodologies to engage with knowledge diversity (e.g., inter/transdisciplinarity), and sustainability science learning approaches (e.g., backcasting). We suggest that future work builds from this review to strengthen links between teacher education and TESD in enhancing quality education. KW - Teacher Education for Sustainable Development; teacher education research methodology; assessment; international teacher education; learning environment; systematic literature review Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4306 SN - 0022-4871 VL - Volume 73 IS - Issue 5 SP - 509 EP - 524 PB - Sage CY - London ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Zbaraszewski, Wojciech A1 - Balas, Martin A1 - Dmytrów, Krzysztof A1 - Majewska, Agnieszka A1 - Mayer, Marius A1 - Steingrube, Wilhelm T1 - Socio-economic research in protected areas of the Euroregion Pomerania: Visitor satisfaction, economic impacts and park–people relationships Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6541 SN - 978-83-7986-420-1 PB - Bogucki Wydawnictwo Naukowe CY - Poznań ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Litschel, Johannes A1 - Berendt, Ferréol A1 - Wagner, Hanna A1 - Heidenreich, Simon A1 - Bauer, David A1 - Welp, Martin A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - Key Actors’ Perspectives on Agroforestry’s Potential in North Eastern Germany JF - Land N2 - As a land use management system, agroforestry has environmental, economic and societal benefits over conventional agriculture or forestry. Important benefits of combining tree growth with agricultural crops and/or forage production systems include higher biodiversity through more diverse habitats, the control of runoff and soil erosion, the augmentation of soil water availability, the creation of microclimates, carbon sequestration and provision of a more diverse farm economy. As the climate changes, north eastern Germany is likely to be particularly prone to severe effects from droughts and wind erosion in the future. However, the area of land under agroforestry makes up less than 2% of the total agricultural area in Germany. Through qualitative interviews with key actors, this study analyzed the benefits of, potentials for and barriers to implementing agroforestry systems in the federal state of Brandenburg. Results showed that agroforestry systems have significant potential in relation to several benefits, particularly the mitigation of soil erosion and stabilization of microclimate regimes. Additionally, agroforestry has the potential to provide wood for energy production or material uses. Although a small but highly innovative and interlinked community exists, administrative barriers and high start-up costs currently hamper the transition from conventional agriculture to agroforestry systems. KW - agroforestry KW - timber products KW - semi-structured interviews KW - barrier KW - opportunity Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4003 SN - 2073-445X VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vogel, Sebastian A1 - Bönecke, Eric A1 - Kling, Charlotte A1 - Kramer, Eckart A1 - Lück, Katrin A1 - Philipp, Golo A1 - Rühlmann, Jörg A1 - Schröter, Ingmar A1 - Gebbers, Robin T1 - Direct prediction of site-specific lime requirement of arable fields using the base neutralizing capacity and a multi-sensor platform for on-the-go soil mapping JF - Precision Agriculture N2 - Liming agricultural fields is necessary for counteracting soil acidity and is one of the oldest operations in soil fertility management. However, the best management practice for liming in Germany only insufficiently considers within-field soil variability. Thus, a site-specific variable rate liming strategy was developed and tested on nine agricultural fields in a quaternary landscape of north-east Germany. It is based on the use of a proximal soil sensing module using potentiometric, geoelectric and optical sensors that have been found to be proxies for soil pH, texture and soil organic matter (SOM), which are the most relevant lime requirement (LR) affecting soil parameters. These were compared to laboratory LR analysis of reference soil samples using the soil’s base neutralizing capacity (BNC). Sensor data fusion utilizing stepwise multi-variate linear regression (MLR) analysis was used to predict BNC-based LR (LRBNC) for each field. The MLR models achieved high adjusted R2 values between 0.70 and 0.91 and low RMSE values from 65 to 204 kg CaCO3 ha−1. In comparison to univariate modeling, MLR models improved prediction by 3 to 27% with 9% improvement on average. The relative importance of covariates in the field-specific prediction models were quantified by computing standardized regression coefficients (SRC). The importance of covariates varied between fields, which emphasizes the necessity of a field-specific calibration of proximal sensor data. However, soil pH was the most important parameter for LR determination of the soils studied. Geostatistical semivariance analysis revealed differences between fields in the spatial variability of LRBNC. The sill-to-range ratio (SRR) was used to quantify and compare spatial LRBNC variability of the nine test fields. Finally, high resolution LR maps were generated. The BNC-based LR method also produces negative LR values for soil samples with pH values above which lime is required. Hence, the LR maps additionally provide an estimate on the quantity of chemically acidifying fertilizers that can be applied to obtain an optimal soil pH value. KW - Proximal soil sensing KW - Lime requirement KW - Precision farming KW - Sensor data fusion KW - Spatial variability KW - Sensitivity analysis Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4140 SN - 1385-2256 SN - 1573-1618 VL - 23 IS - 1 SP - 127 EP - 149 PB - Springer US ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schultz, Alfred A1 - Glemnitz, Michael A1 - Stachow, Ulrich A1 - Schwierz, Friederike ED - Petrişor, Alexandru-Ionuţ T1 - Changes in a Bird Community in an Agricultural Landscape in Northeast Germany between 1999 and 2015 JF - Land N2 - Temporal changes in the bird community of an agricultural landscape in northeast Germany were analysed covering three different analytical foci (landscape-wide, habitat types, sample plots) and two aggregation levels of bird observation data (whole bird community, bird guilds). The analyses are based on a systematic data sampling over two multi-year campaigns (1999–2002; 2013–2015). Our analyses address the question of how changes in the occurrences of agricultural birds (numbers of species and of individuals) at local spots manifest themselves in the landscape as a whole. By summarizing all findings concerning single variables (number of species, observation frequencies, abundances, different habitat types, bird guilds), a dramatic, systematic decline of the bird community at sample plots was discovered between the campaigns, which is not yet recognisable across the whole landscape in terms of species richness. Furthermore, we found that landscape-wide, the birds’ use of habitat changed; the variability between single sample plots increased strongly and most species occurred at fewer sample plots over the whole landscape. Obviously, sample plots with high bird occurrences are becoming more relevant for maintaining bird communities over the whole landscape. Bird community composition changed significantly within the observation period. KW - biodiversity KW - bird community KW - agricultural landscape KW - multi-perspective approach KW - change analysis Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3750 SN - 2073-445X VL - 11 IS - 12 PB - MDPI ER - TY - GEN A1 - Göttert, Thomas A1 - Hobelsberger, Christine A1 - König, Bettina A1 - Nölting, Benjamin A1 - Roose, Ilka A1 - Barth, Matthias T1 - Nachhaltigkeitstransfer: Austausch zwischen Wissenschaft und Praxis zum Wohl der Gesellschaft: Hochschule Eberswalde tritt NaWis-Runde bei T2 - GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society N2 - Der 2011 gegründete Verbund für Nachhaltige Wissenschaft (NaWis) strebt die Stärkung transdisziplinärer Nachhaltigkeitswissenschaften an Hochschulen und Forschungsinstituten an. Mit der Hochschule für nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde wird die NaWis-Runde seit September 2021 durch eine Institution gestärkt, der wie kaum einer anderen deutschen Hochschule der Nachhaltigkeitsgedanke ins Stammbuch geschrieben steht. KW - human requirements vs. natural resources; interdisciplinarity; sustainability sciences; transdisciplinarity; transformation; universities Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4077 SN - 2625-5413 IS - 31/1 (2022) SP - 62 EP - 64 PB - oekom verlag ER - TY - GEN A1 - Barth, Matthias A1 - Gossen, Maike A1 - Lang, Daniel J. A1 - Santarius, Tilman T1 - Sustainable digitalization ‐ fostering the twin transformation in a transdisciplinary way T2 - GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society N2 - Can digitalization be designed in such a way that it does not harm the environment or promote unsustainable lifestyles? Can it even promote a green transformation? The authors of this GAIA special issue discuss how stakeholder engagement and transdisciplinary approaches can help address digitalization and sustainability in an integrated way. The special issue deepens insights into the state of knowledge on sustainable digitalization in both scientific and political discourses. KW - digitalization; environmental sustainability; transdisciplinarity; transformation Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4058 SN - 2625-5413 VL - Volume 32 IS - Supplement 1 SP - 6 EP - 9 PB - oekom verlag ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Balaš, Martin A1 - Strasdas, Wolfgang A1 - Neumann, Franziska A1 - Mattes, Anselm A1 - Becker, Lisa Sophie A1 - Giese, Jan Christian Polanía A1 - Renner, Anja A1 - Weber, Andreas A1 - Kohl, Kathrin A1 - Pinnow, Diana A1 - Zeiner, Manfred A1 - Rein, Hartmut A1 - Heck, Silke ED - Umweltbundesamt, T1 - Messung der Nachhaltigkeit des Tourismus in Deutschland - Entwicklung eines Tourismus-Nachhaltigkeits- Satellitenkontos N2 - Ziel des hier vorgelegten Projektes war die Erarbeitung eines praktikablen Systems zur Messung der Nachhaltigkeit im Deutschlandtourismus. Bezugsraum ist Deutschland als Destination für in- und ausländische Touristen sowie als Standort von Tourismusunternehmen. Zunächst wurden 18 für den Tourismus zentrale Nachhaltigkeitskriterien identifiziert, die in einem zweiten Schritt einer Analyse bzgl. ihrer Messbarkeit mit Hilfe von Indikatoren in einem kohärenten Bilanzierungssystem unter Beachtung internationaler Empfehlungen unterzogen wurden. Ergebnis ist ein erweitertes Tourismus-Satellitenkonto, das Tourism Sustainability Satellite Account (TSSA), ein Kennzahlensystem, welches im Wesentlichen auf den statistischen Rahmenwerken der Volkswirtschaftlichen Gesamtrechnungen (VGR) und der Umweltökonomischen Gesamtrechnungen (UGR) beruht. Hinzu kommen soziale Indikatoren, die die Nachhaltigkeit der Arbeitsverhältnisse im Tourismus messen. Das TSSA erlaubt somit eine systematische Zuordnung der ökonomischen, ökologischen und sozialen Auswirkungen des Tourismus zu den tourismusrelevanten Wirtschaftszweigen auf nationaler Ebene. Für einige Nachhaltigkeitsindikatoren, vor allem aus dem Management-, z. T. aber auch aus dem ökologischen Bereich, besteht allerdings noch Entwicklungsbedarf. Die TSSA-Indikatoren wurden testweise bereits mit den jeweils aktuell erhältlichen Daten befüllt. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass der Tourismus in Deutschland signifikant zur Wertschöpfung und zur Schaffung von Arbeitsplätzen beiträgt, bei allerdings niedriger Arbeitsproduktivität. Bei den ökologischen Auswirkungen stehen die Klimawirkungen mit einer geringfügig überdurchschnittlichen Treibhausgasintensität im Vergleich zur Gesamtwirtschaft im Vordergrund, die allerdings innerhalb der touristischen Teilbranchen sehr unterschiedlich ausgeprägt ist. Die Arbeitsbedingungen sind im Vergleich zu anderen Branchen generell als weniger nachhaltig einzuschätzen. Lediglich der Verdienstabstand zwischen Männern und Frauen ist deutlich geringer als in anderen Wirtschaftszweigen. N2 - The aim of the presented project was to develop a practicable system for measuring sustainability of national tourism in Germany. Initially, 18 sustainability criteria for tourism were identified. In a second step, these criteria were analyzed with regard to their measurability using indicators in a coherent accounting system in compliance with international recommendations. The outcome is a Tourism Sustainability Satellite Account (TSSA), a system of indicators which is mainly based on statistical frameworks of national accounts and environmental-economic accounts. In addition, social indicators have been added that mainly measure decent job creation in tourism. Thus, the TSSA allows a systematic allocation of the economic, ecological and social impacts of tourism to the tourism-relevant economic sectors at a national level. However, there is still a need for development of some sustainability indicators, especially from the management and, to some extent, the ecological sector. As a test, the TSSA indicators have been filled with currently available data. The results show that tourism in Germany contributes significantly to creating added value and jobs, although labor productivity is low. In terms of ecological impacts, climate impacts with a slightly above-average greenhouse gas intensity compared to the economy as a whole are at the top of the list, although this intensity varies significantly within the tourism sub-sectors. Working conditions are generally considered to be less sustainable than in other industries. Only the pay gap between men and women is significantly smaller than in other sectors of the economy. KW - Nachhaltigkeit; Tourismus; Deutschland Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6524 SN - 1862-4804 IS - 61 PB - Umweltbundesamt ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Göttert, Thomas A1 - Perry, Gad ED - Bakaloudis, Dimitrios T1 - Going Wild in the City—Animal Feralization and Its Impacts on Biodiversity in Urban Environments JF - Animals N2 - Simple Summary Understanding the impact of urbanization on biodiversity is a crucial task of our time. Here, we reflect on the importance of feralization in the relationship between ongoing urbanization and the worsening biodiversity crisis. Feralization is often viewed as the exact opposite of a domestication process—a perception that we argue is too simplistic. The interrelations between domestication, feralization, and the adaptation of taxa to novel, human-made environments such as cities are complex. Given their unique traits, feral(izing) taxa can play key roles in sustainability, sometimes problematic (i.e., invasive species) but at other times, improving human well-being in urban settings. Abstract Domestication describes a range of changes to wild species as they are increasingly brought under human selection and husbandry. Feralization is the process whereby a species leaves the human sphere and undergoes increasing natural selection in a wild context, which may or may not be geographically adjacent to where the originator wild species evolved prior to domestication. Distinguishing between domestic, feral, and wild species can be difficult, since some populations of so-called “wild species” are at least partly descended from domesticated “populations” (e.g., junglefowl, European wild sheep) and because transitions in both directions are gradual rather than abrupt. In urban settings, prior selection for coexistence with humans provides particular benefit for a domestic organism that undergoes feralization. One risk is that such taxa can become invasive not just at the site of release/escape but far away. As humanity becomes increasingly urban and pristine environments rapidly diminish, we believe that feralized populations also hold conservation value. KW - Anthropocene KW - domestication KW - feralization KW - urbanization KW - invasive species KW - biodiversity in novel ecosystems Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3992 SN - 2076-2615 VL - 13 IS - 4 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Markow, Jekaterina A1 - Fieldsend, Andrew A1 - von Münchhausen, Susanne A1 - Häring, Anna Maria T1 - Building agricultural innovation capacity from the bottom up: Using spillover effects from projects to strengthen agricultural innovation systems JF - Agricultural Systems N2 - CONTEXT Current research emphasises that agricultural innovation projects are influenced in multiple ways by the Agricultural Innovation Systems (AIS) in which they operate. Yet little attention has been paid to the reverse direction of this relationship, i.e. how agricultural innovation projects affect AIS in the course of their innovative activities. Accordingly, there are currently no tools to measure such AIS spillovers from agricultural innovation projects. OBJECTIVE This paper shows that even where agricultural innovation projects have not been designed with the explicit aim of influencing AIS they can have spillovers on the AIS in which they operate. Based on this finding, it argues that designing agricultural innovation projects in a way that maximises such positive and reduces negative AIS spillovers would be a useful tool for strengthening agricultural innovation capacities in a particular territory or sector. METHODS Based on the concept of agricultural innovation projects as Organisational Innovation Systems (OIS) that are embedded in AIS, the paper develops an analytical framework for assessing spillovers of such projects on AIS and applies it to a case study of an Operational Group in the German Federal State of Hessen. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The case study shows that agricultural innovation projects may yield diverse spillovers on the AIS in which they operate. In addition to considering how agricultural innovation projects are shaped – constrained and/or enabled – by AIS, the research community on agricultural innovation should pay more attention to this side of the interrelation of AIS and agricultural innovation projects. Designing agricultural innovation projects responsibly so that spillovers on AIS are monitored can help to improve national or sectoral AIS. SIGNIFICANCE This paper points to an underexplored issue in research on agricultural innovation and, related to this, a thus far unused potential policy tool for improving national and sectoral AIS. It further develops the concept of innovation projects as OIS into an approach for assessing the effects of projects on AIS; an area of project assessment that until now has not been adequately covered. KW - Agricultural innovation system KW - Agricultural innovation project KW - Organisational innovation system KW - Spillover effect KW - Project assessment Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6853 SN - 0308-521X IS - 209 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Creamer, Rachel E. A1 - Hagens, Mathilde A1 - Baartman, Jantiene A1 - Helming, Katharina T1 - Editorial for special issue on “understanding soil functions – from ped to planet” JF - European Journal of Soil Science Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6870 SN - 1365-2389 VL - 72 IS - 4 SP - 1493 EP - 1496 PB - Wiley ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wolf, Nicole A1 - Nölting, Benjamin A1 - Hamm, Andrea A1 - Rehak, Rainer A1 - Hobelsberger, Christine A1 - Beer, Felix T1 - Kommunale Plattformen nachhaltig gestalten : Kriterienkatalog für Plattformen im Dienst einer nachhaltig-digitalen Daseinsvorsorge T2 - Kurzstudie der Forschungslinie „Zukunftsfähige Daseinsvorsorge“ N2 - Digitale Plattformen avancieren zu einem wichtigen Teil der kommunalen Daseinsvorsorge. Richtig eingesetzt, können plattformbasierte Leistungen ein wirksames Steuerungsinstrument für eine nachhaltige Kommunalentwicklung darstellen. Für diese kommunale Gestaltungsaufgabe wird in der Kurzstudie ein Kriterienkatalog erarbeitet, anhand dessen die Nachhaltigkeitspotenziale und -risiken unterschiedlicher Plattformmodelle beschrieben und untersucht werden können. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6641 UR - https://codina-transformation.de/wp-content/uploads/CODINA_Kurzstudie_Kommunale_Plattformen.pdf ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dabard, Caroline Hélène A1 - Mann, Carsten T1 - Sustainability innovations: a proposal for an analytical framework and its empirical application in the Schorfheide-Chorin Biosphere Reserve JF - Sustainability Science N2 - Sustainability innovations influence societal transformations through the development of new products, processes, organizations, behaviors or values. Although various research approaches have tackled technological innovations in the last few decades, the specificities and enabling conditions of individual sustainability innovations remain rather unknown. We therefore propose an analytical framework, built on learning from the social–ecological systems and transitions literature. The sustainability innovation framework features four dimensions: context, actors, process and outcomes, which are detailed in 31 variables. We use the sustainability innovation framework to analyze two case studies selected in the Schorfheide-Chorin Biosphere Reserve, Germany. The first refers to technological and organizational innovation in mobility, while the second relates to social and organizational innovation in agriculture. As a result, we highlight commonalities and differences in enabling conditions and variables between the two cases, which underpin the influence of trust, commitment, resource availability, experimenting, learning, advocating, and cooperating for innovation development. The cases further demonstrate that sustainability innovations develop as bundles of interdependent, entangled novelties, due to their disruptive character. Their specificity thereby resides in positive outcomes in terms of social–ecological integrity and equity. This study therefore contributes to transitions studies via a detailed characterization of sustainability innovations and of their outcomes, as well as through a generic synthesis of variables into an analytical framework that is applicable to a large and diverse range of individual sustainability innovations. Further empirical studies should test these findings in other contexts, to pinpoint generic innovation development patterns and to develop a typology of sustainability innovation archetypes. KW - Innovation; Sustainability transitions; Innovation systems; Social–ecological systems; Rural innovation; Biosphere reserve Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6558 SN - 1862-4057 VL - 18 IS - 3 SP - 1085 EP - 1098 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Molitor, Heike T1 - Wenn Stadtkinder Zeit haben: Naturerfahrungen im freien Spiel JF - Zeitpolitisches Magazin Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6633 UR - http://zeitpolitik.org/zeitpolitikmagazin UR - https://zeitpolitik.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/ZPM40_nachhaltigleben.pdf SN - 2196-0356 VL - 19 IS - 40 SP - 29 EP - 31 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zeitpolitik Gemeinnütziger e.V. ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Dickhut, Heike A1 - Strasdas, Wolfgang A1 - Goerge, Marius A1 - Schulze Düding, Johanna ED - Umweltbundesamt, T1 - Messung der Nachhaltigkeit des Tourismus in Deutschland BT - Projektteil A: Aktualisierung des Tourismus Nachhaltigkeits satellitenkontos (TSSA) in Deutschland Projektteil B: Untersuchung der Machbarkeit und Entwicklung ergänzender Indikatoren zum TSSA N2 - Mit dem hier vorgelegten Projekt wurden zwei Hauptziele verfolgt. Zunächst wurde das sogenannte Tourismus Sustainability Satellite Account (TSSA), ein Bilanzierungssystem zur Messung der Nachhaltigkeit des Deutschlandtourismus, das in der vorangegangenen Projektphase erstmalig entwickelt und angewendet wurde, nun mit den aktuell verfügbaren Daten erneut befüllt. Beim TSSA handelt es sich um ein erweitertes Tourismus-Satellitenkonto (TSA) bzw. ein Kennzahlensystem, welches im Wesentlichen auf den statistischen Rahmenwerken der Volkswirtschaftlichen Gesamtrechnungen (VGR) und Umweltökonomischen Gesamtrechnungen (UGR) beruht. Hinzu kommen soziale Indikatoren, die die Nachhaltigkeit der Arbeitsverhältnisse im Tourismus messen. Das TSSA erlaubt somit eine systematische Zuordnung der ökonomischen, ökologischen und sozialen Auswirkungen des Tourismus zu den tourismusrelevanten Wirtschaftszweigen auf nationaler Ebene. Im Ergebnis der TSSA-Aktualisierung zeigt sich, dass der Tourismus in Deutschland weiterhin signifikant zur Wertschöpfung und zur Schaffung von Arbeitsplätzen beiträgt. Rund 3,6 % bzw. 6,1 % der Gesamtbruttowertschöpfung und -beschäftigung standen im Jahr 2019 im Zusammenhang mit dem Tourismus. Die Arbeitsproduktivität im Tourismussektor ist allerdings weiterhin relativ gering. Bei den ökologischen Auswirkungen zeigt sich ein im Vergleich zur letzten Messung (mit Daten von 2015 oder 2016) leicht gestiegener Energieverbrauch bei allerdings zurückgehender Energieintensität. Diese ist im Tourismus ähnlich hoch wie im Durchschnitt der deutschen Volkswirtschaft. Bei den tourismusinduzierten Emissionen von Treibhausgasen (THG) und besonders bei der Emissionsintensität sind ebenfalls Verbesserungen zu beobachten, doch liegt die Emissionsintensität der Tourismuswirtschaft immer noch deutlich über dem volkswirtschaftlichen Durchschnitt. Innerhalb der deutschen Tourismuswirtschaft trägt weiterhin der Verkehrssektor (insb. Flug- und Schiffsverkehr) am stärksten zum Energieverbrauch und zu den THG-Emissionen bei. Dagegen ist der tourismusinduzierte Wasserverbrauch deutschlandweit als eher unproblematisch einzuschätzen. Die Wasserintensität des Tourismus liegt deutlich unter dem Durchschnitt der deutschen Volkswirtschaft. Innerhalb des Tourismus ist sie am höchsten in den Sektoren Beherbergung und Gastronomie. Bezüglich der sozialen Nachhaltigkeitsdimension ist der relativ geringe und im Zeitverlauf abnehmende Verdienstabstand zwischen Männern und Frauen (bekannt als Gender Pay Gap; hier unbereinigt) in der Tourismuswirtschaft hervorzuheben. Alle anderen Kennzahlen in Bezug auf die Arbeitsbedingungen im Tourismus fallen dagegen weiterhin eher negativ aus. Dementsprechend werden diese von den Beschäftigten der Branche im Vergleich zum Durchschnitt der deutschen Gesamtwirtschaft als schlechter eingeschätzt. Bereits während der vorangegangenen Projektphase zeigte sich, dass für einige Nachhaltigkeitsindikatoren, vor allem aus dem ökologischen Bereich, eine Berücksichtigung im Rahmen des TSSA-Ansatzes nicht uneingeschränkt möglich ist. Dies liegt unter anderem an der unzureichenden Datenlage in der amtlichen Statistik sowie der Komplexität, bestimmte ökologische Effekte kausal dem Tourismus zuzuordnen. Daher wurde im zweiten Teil des hier vorgelegten Projekts für die Umweltindikatoren „Biodiversität“, „Wasserqualität“, „Lärmbelastung“, „Flächeninanspruchnahme“, „Luftemissionen“ und „Abfallaufkommen“ sowie für den sozialen Indikator „Tourismusakzeptanz“ eine ausführliche Recherche bestehender Datengrundlagen durchgeführt und darauf aufbauend evaluiert, inwieweit alternative Bilanzierungsansätze – als Ergänzung zum TSSA-Messsystem – den Tourismuseffekt abbilden können. Im Rahmen des Datenscreenings bestätigte sich zunächst die mangelhafte Datenlage auf Bundesebene. Die Machbarkeitsanalyse kam nachfolgend zu dem Ergebnis, dass eine räumliche Differenzierung nach dem Grad touristischer Relevanz, gemessen an Tourismusdichte und -intensität, und eine daran anknüpfende Analyse der Veränderung von Umweltbedingungen in stark touristisch geprägten Regionen mit Vergleich zum gesamtdeutschen Durchschnitt eine Möglichkeit darstellt, um den Beitrag des Tourismus beispielsweise zur Flächenversiegelung zu quantifizieren. Einerseits könnte dafür auf bereits bestehende amtliche Regionaldaten zurückgegriffen werden. Andererseits wären bei bestimmten Umweltindikatoren auch zusätzliche Datenerhebungen auf lokaler Ebene in der Zukunft notwendig. Insbesondere für die Wirkungsfelder Biodiversität und Abfälle müssten zunächst die Voraussetzungen bzgl. Datenverfügbarkeit geschaffen werden. Dagegen ließe sich die Tourismusakzeptanz durch regelmäßige standardisierte Befragungen messen. N2 - The project presented here has pursued two main goals. First, the so-called Tourism Sustainability Satellite Account (TSSA), an accounting system for measuring the sustainability of tourism in Germany, which was initially developed and applied in the previous project phase, was repopulated with the currently available data. The TSSA is an extended tourism satellite account (TSA) and indicator system respectively that is essentially based on the statistical frameworks of national accounts (NA) and environmental economic accounts (EEA). In addition, the TSSA includes social indicators that measure the sustainability of labour relations in tourism. The TSSA thus enables a systematic attribution of the economic, environmental and social impacts of tourism to tourism-related economic sectors at the national level. The results of the TSSA update show that tourism in Germany continues to make a significant contribution to value added and job creation. Around 3.6 % of total gross value added and 6.1 % of employment were attributable to tourism in Germany in 2019. However, labour productivity in the tourism sector remains relatively low. In terms of environmental impact, energy consumption in the tourism sector has slightly increased compared to the last measurement (based on data from 2015 or 2016). However, energy intensity has decreased over the same period. Energy intensity in tourism is about as high as for the average of the German economy. Regarding tourism-induced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and particularly emissions intensity, the situation has also improved, even though the GHG emissions intensity of tourism is still well above the average of the German economy. Within the tourism sector, transportation (in particular aviation and shipping) contribute the most to energy use and GHG emissions. By contrast, tourism-induced water consumption appears to be less of a problem in Germany. The water intensity of tourism is significantly lower than the average of the German economy. Within the tourism sector it is the highest in accommodation and gastronomy. In terms of the social sustainability dimension, the relatively low and decreasing income gap between men and women (known as the Gender Pay Gap; unadjusted) in the tourism sector over time is worth mentioning. By contrast, all other indicators regarding the working conditions in tourism continue to perform less favourably. Consequently, employees in the tourism sector still assess the working conditions as worse compared to the average of the overall economy. It has already been shown in the previous project phase that for some sustainability indicators, especially from the ecological dimension, a consideration within the framework of the TSSA approach is not possible without restrictions. This is due, among other things, to the insufficient data available from official statistics and the complexity of causally attributing certain ecological effects to tourism activities. In the second part of the project presented here, a detailed research of existing data bases was therefore conducted for the environmental indicators "biodiversity", "water quality", "noise pollution", "land use", "air emissions" and "waste generation" as well as for the social indicator "tourism acceptance". Based on this, it was evaluated to what extent alternative accounting approaches - as a supplement to the TSSA measurement system - can indicate the tourism effect. The data screening initially confirmed the insufficient data availability at national level. The subsequent feasibility analysis yielded that a spatial differentiation according to the degree of tourism relevance (based on tourism density and intensity) and an ensuing analysis of the change in environmental conditions in regions strongly influenced by tourism in comparison to the overall German average represents an opportunity to quantify the contribution of tourism e.g. to land use. On the one hand, existing official regional data could be used here. On the other hand, additional data collections at the local level would also be essential for certain environmental indicators in the future. In other cases, in particular for biodiversity impacts and solid waste generation, the preconditions for suitable data availability must be created first. By contrast, the acceptance of tourism by residents can easily be measured through standardised surveys. Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6531 SN - 1862-4804 IS - 73 PB - Umweltbundesamt CY - Dessau-Roßlau ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Perković, Stanislava A1 - Paul, Carsten A1 - Vasić, Filip A1 - Helming, Katharina T1 - Human Health and Soil Health Risks from Heavy Metals, Micro(nano)plastics, and Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in Agricultural Soils JF - Agronomy N2 - Humans are exposed to agricultural soils through inhalation, dermal contact, or the consumption of food. Human health may be at risk when soils are contaminated; while some soil contaminants such as heavy metals (HMs) have been extensively studied, others such as micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) or antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) pose novel threats. This paper investigates the linkages between soil contamination and human health risk by reviewing the state of knowledge on HMs, MNPs, and ARB in agricultural soils. A keyword-based search in Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar was conducted, complemented with a backward snowball search. We analysed main sources of contamination for agricultural soils, risks to human health differentiated by uptake pathway (ingestion, inhalation, dermal), and interactions of contaminants with microorganism, soil fauna, and plants. Results show that the emergence and spread of ARB and antibiotic resistant genes from agricultural soils and their contribution to antibiotic resistances of human pathogens is recognized as a significant threat. Likewise, a growing body of evidence indicates that MNPs are able to enter the food chain and to have potentially harmful effects on human health. For HM, knowledge of the effects on human health is well established. Multiple agricultural practices increase HM concentrations in soils, which may lead to adverse health effects from the ingestion of contaminated products or inhalation of contaminated soil particles. Severe knowledge gaps exist about the pathways of the contaminants, their behaviour in soil, and human uptake. Little is known about long-term exposure and impacts of MNPs, antibiotics and ARB on human health or about the possible combined effects of MNPs, ARB, and HMs. Missing monitoring systems inhibit a comprehensive assessment of human health risks. Our research demonstrates the need for human health risk assessment in the context of agricultural soils, in particular to be able to assess risks related to measures reinforcing the concept of the circular economy. KW - heavy metals KW - micro(nano)plastics KW - antibiotic resistant bacteria KW - soil health KW - soil contamination KW - human health KW - plastic source KW - trace metal KW - food chain Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3739 SN - 2073-4395 VL - 12 IS - 12 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ortiz, Andrea Monica D. A1 - Jamero, Ma. Laurice A1 - Crespin, Silvio Javier A1 - Smith Ramirez, Cecilia A1 - Matias, Denise Margaret A1 - Reyes, Jameela Joy A1 - Pauchard, Aníbal A1 - La Viña, Antonia G. M. T1 - The land and sea routes to 2030: a call for greater attention on all small islands in global environmental policy JF - npj Biodiversity N2 - Islands have unique vulnerabilities to biodiversity loss and climate change. Current Nationally Determined Contributions under the Paris Agreement are insufficient to avoid the irreversible loss of critical island ecosystems. Existing research, policies, and finance also do not sufficiently address small islands’ social-environmental challenges. For instance, the new Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) mentions islands in the invasive species management target. This focus is important, as islands are at high risk to biological invasions; however, this is the only GBF target that mentions islands. There are threats of equal or greater urgency to small islands, including coastal hazards and overexploitation. Ecosystems such as coral reefs and mangroves are crucial for biodiversity, coastal protection, and human livelihoods, yet are unaddressed in the GBF. While research and global policy, including targeted financial flows, have a strong focus on Small Island Developing States (SIDS), the situation of other small islands has been largely overlooked. Here, through a review of policy developments and examples from islands in the Philippines and Chile, we urge that conservation and climate change policies place greater emphasis on acknowledging the diversity of small islands and their unique governance challenges, extending the focus beyond SIDS. Moving forward, global policy and research should include the recognition of small islands as metacommunities linked by interacting species and social-ecological systems to emphasize their connectivity rather than their isolation. Coalition-building and knowledge-sharing, particularly with local, Indigenous and traditional knowledge-holders from small islands, is needed to meet global goals on biodiversity and sustainable development by 2030. KW - Biodiversity; Climate change; Climate-change ecology; Conservation biology; Ecology; Ecosystem services; Invasive species; Policy Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6780 SN - 2731-4243 IS - 2 PB - Nature Publishing Group UK ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tarne, Anika A1 - Batjav, Batbuyan A1 - Matias, Denise Margaret A1 - Mehring, Marion T1 - Rural to urban migration in Mongolia - Social-ecological conditions for a stepwise process T2 - ISOE-Diskussionspapiere N2 - Since the 1990s, Mongolia's capital city Ulaanbaatar has recorded steady and rapid population growth due to rural-urban migration. So far, little is known about how the social and ecological conditions of migration interact. Thus, in our study we investigated the rural-urban migration process from the countryside to the capital in the Eastern Steppe conducting semi-structured interviews. Our results show that this rural-urban migration often follows a stepwise process from smaller settlements to larger urban agglomerations. The results also demonstrate a complex interplay between the prevailing social, economic, and ecological factors. While social factors (kinship, education) show the same relevance at each step of migration, ecological factors such as the occurrence of dzud seem more relevant at the early stages, from the steppe to the sum centres. Ecological factors only seem to rank second in importance, after social reasons. Economic reasons are also revealed to be very significant but seem most relevant the closer the migrations are to the capital. These results are essential in order to cope with current and future challenges of population development and find solutions to enable traditional Mongolian nomadism even under a modern lifestyle. KW - Dzud; Kinship; Migration; Mongolia; Nomadism; Social-ecological Conditions Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6728 SN - 1436-3534 IS - 47 CY - Frankfurt am Main ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Göttert, Thomas A1 - Starik, Nicole T1 - Human–Wildlife Conflicts across Landscapes—General Applicability vs. Case Specificity JF - Diversity N2 - Here, we address the question of if/to what extent human–wildlife conflict (HWC) can be reduced or mitigated by supra-regional or even global approaches, or whether case- and region-specific strategies are necessary. First, we try to shift the perspective from humans towards wildlife and regard modern era (near) extinctions of selected wildlife species as an ultimate expression of HWC. We then reflect on the legitimacy of ecosystem comparisons beyond the borders of biogeographical regions—an important prerequisite for global approaches. In the following, we present two case scenarios that exemplarily illustrate the topic from different perspectives: carnivore–livestock conflicts (classical view, human perspective) and wind turbine-induced mortality of bats (wildlife perspective, rarely regarded as a form of HWC). On this basis, we try to develop a framework that enables a global approach, while adequately considering case- and region-specificity. We think that a globally valid and generally approachable dimension can be defined, as long as there is a natural link: in the present case the established monophyly of the orders Carnivora and Chiroptera, i.e., representatives descending from common ancestors, thus sharing common ecological features. This natural relationship among all representatives of a systematic group (specification of the “wildlife” concept) is key for the development of an overarching strategy that can be adjusted to a specific case. KW - bats KW - carnivores KW - human–wildlife conflict KW - monophylum KW - supra regional approach Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2828 SN - 1424-2818 VL - 14 IS - 5 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Starik, Nicole A1 - Göttert, Thomas T1 - Bats adjust echolocation and social call design as a response to urban environments JF - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution N2 - Behavioral traits play a major role in the successful adaptation of wildlife to urban conditions. We investigated and compared the acoustic behavior of free ranging bats in rural (Havelland, Brandenburg) and urban (Berlin city center) green areas (n = 6 sites) to assess possible effects of urbanization on bat vocalizations using automated real-time recordings from May to October 2020 and 2021. We show that foraging and social call activity of commonly occurring bat species was lower in urban areas compared to rural areas. We present data on rural-urban variation in acoustic parameters of echolocation and Type D social calls (produced during flight) using the example of the common pipistrelle Pipistrellus pipistrellus. Calls from urban sites revealed significantly higher end and peak frequencies compared to rural site calls. In addition, urban social calls present a higher degree of complexity as they structurally differed from rural social calls with regard to assemblage and number of call components. Moreover, urban social calls were emitted in a presumably different context than rural calls: antagonistic social calls in urban areas were detected throughout the year and in the acoustic absence of conspecifics and heterospecifics. Our results provide evidence for the ability of P. pipistrellus to modulate temporal and spectral features of echolocation and social calls, as well as patterns of social call production, in order to compensate for constraints imposed by the urban acoustic environment. We suggest that this acoustic behavioral plasticity plays a major role in the degree of adaptation of insectivorous bats to urban habitats. KW - acoustic flexibility KW - common pipistrelle KW - intra- and interspecific communication KW - signal design KW - urbanization Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3140 SN - 2296-701X VL - 10 PB - Frontiers Media S.A. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lorenz, Tommy A1 - Gerster, Lea A1 - Wodzinowski, Dustin Elias A1 - Wartenberg, Ariani A1 - Martetschläger, Lea A1 - Molitor, Heike A1 - Cremer, Tobias A1 - Bloch, Ralf T1 - Innovative Teaching and Learning Formats for the Implementation of Agroforestry Systems—An Impact Analysis after Five Years of Experience with the Real-World Laboratory “Ackerbaum” JF - Forests N2 - Since 2017, the Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development (HNEE) offers transformative learning modules in their curricula, which are called ITL—Innovative Teaching and Learning formats. Student tutors change into the role of teachers and organize lectures, excursions, and assignments at the Real-World Laboratory “Ackerbaum”—an agroforestry system in the federal state of Brandenburg, Germany. Students can learn about agroforestry systems, participate in research, and take practical action. The examination of the module is a scientific report linked to the experimental area. In this study, an attempt was made to verify the quality and impact of teaching formats in the ITL via the analysis of 53 reports created by 170 students as well as surveys among participants. For this purpose, indicators were formulated that capture the quality of scientific methods and the contribution to higher education for sustainable development. Students and tutors appreciate the open working atmosphere and the possibility to actively participate in the course; many leave the module motivated. Some even move toward transformation in agriculture professionally as, e.g., consultants in the field of agroforestry. As a transformative institution, HNEE offers with ITL a rare opportunity for practical application, scientific methods, and transdisciplinary collaboration with different stakeholders to work on future models to change today’s agriculture. KW - agroecology KW - education for sustainable development KW - interdisciplinarity KW - transdisciplinarity KW - transformative science KW - forestry Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3092 SN - 1999-4907 VL - 13 IS - 7 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thevs, Niels A1 - Aliev, Kumar A1 - Emileva, Begayim A1 - Yuldasheva, Dilfuza A1 - Eshchanova, Guzal A1 - Welp, Martin T1 - Potential of Agroforestry to Provide Wood Resources to Central Asia JF - Forests N2 - Background: Agroforestry systems have the potential to provide timber and wood as a domestic raw material, as well as an additional source of income for rural populations. In Central Asia, tree windbreaks from mainly poplar trees have a long tradition, but were largely cut down as source for fuel wood after the disintegration of the Soviet Union. As Central Asia is a forest-poor region, restoration of tree windbreaks has the potential to provide timber and wood resources to that region. This study aimed to assess the potential of tree windbreaks to contribute to domestic timber and wood production. Methods: This study rests on a GIS-based analysis, in which tree lines (simulated by line shape files) were intersected with cropland area. The tree data to calculate timber and wood volumes stem from a dataset with 728 single trees from a relevant range of climatic conditions. Results: The potential annually available timber volumes from tree windbreaks with 500 m spacing are 2.9 million m3 for Central Asia as a whole and 1.5 million m3 for Uzbekistan alone, which is 5 times the current domestic roundwood production and imports of the country. Conclusions: tree windbreaks offer untapped potential to deliver wood resources domestically as a raw material for wood-based value chains. KW - fast growing trees KW - tree windbreak KW - poplar KW - irrigated agriculture KW - remote sensing KW - GIS KW - timber volume KW - fuel wood Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3104 SN - 1999-4907 VL - 13 IS - 8 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krah, Jennifer A1 - Reimann, Julian A1 - Molitor, Heike T1 - Sustainability in Brandenburg Study Programs. Perspectives for Anchoring Sustainability in Higher Education Curricula JF - Sustainabilty N2 - The study investigates the extent to which sustainability is anchored in university curricula of a federal state (Brandenburg, Germany). (1) It provides a baseline for identifying opportunities for sustainability-related curriculum reform by analyzing study programs, levels and type of degree, level of anchoring, and context within the documents. (2) The case studies included an analysis and quantitative evaluation of 748 curricular documents. (3) A third of the study programs refer to sustainability; to an equal extent in both bachelor’s and master’s programs, and to an above-average extent in the fields of science and engineering. There is a strong commitment to sustainability in 12% of the curricula; however, it is strongly anchored in only 3% of study and examination regulations, and in only 9% of module descriptions. (4) For the first time, we have comprehensive results on sustainability in university curricula of an entire federal state and can discuss potentials for its further integration. The innovative method was developed out of the National Monitoring on Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) and adapted to the federal state level; the analysis of curricula through a wider set of variables is transferrable to other states. (5) The study provides indications for the regional development of universities which is crucial for future regional sustainability transformation. KW - higher education KW - sustainability KW - transformation KW - curricula KW - sustainability courses KW - education for sustainable development (ESD) KW - education policy KW - governance KW - regional development KW - monitoring and evaluation KW - document analysis Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2438 SN - 2071-1050 VL - 13 IS - 7 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hentschel, Rainer A1 - Möller, Katrin A1 - Wenning, Aline A1 - Degenhardt, Annett A1 - Schröder, Jens T1 - Importance of Ecological Variables in Explaining Population Dynamics of Three Important Pine Pest Insects JF - Frontiers in Plant Science N2 - Climate change challenges forest vitality both directly by increasing drought and heat periods and indirectly, e.g., by creating favorable conditions for mass outbreaks of phyllophagous insects. The large forests dominated by Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) that cover the lowland regions in northeast Germany have already been affected regularly by cyclic mass propagations of defoliating insect species in the past with climate projections implying an even more advantageous environment for devastating outbreaks in the future. To improve predictive and responsive capacities we have investigated a wide range of ecological parameters to identify those most strongly related to past outbreak waves of three central species. In total, we analyzed 3,748 variables covering stand and neighborhood properties, site quality, and climatic conditions for an area of roughly 750,000 ha of pine forests in the period 2002–2016. To reflect sensitivity against varying climate, we computed “floating windows” in relation to critical phenological phases of the respective insects. The parameters with the highest explanatory power resulted from the variable importance measures of the Random Forest (RF) methodology and have been evaluated by a 10-fold cross-validation process. Our findings closely reflect the known specific gradation patterns and show that relative variable importance varies with species. While Lymantria monacha L. feeding was mainly dependent on the surroundings of the respective stand, Diprion pini L. proved to be almost exclusively susceptible to climatic effects in its population dynamics. Dendrolimus pini L. exhibited a mixed pattern of variable importance involving both climatic and forest structure parameters. In many cases the obtained statistical results support well-known ecological cause-effect relations and long-term population change dynamics. The RF delivered very high levels of sensitivity and specificity in the developed classifications and proved to be an excellent tool to handle the large amounts of data utilized for this study. While the presented classification approach may already support a better prognosis of the amplitude during the outbreak culmination, the obtained (most important) variables are proposed as preferable covariates for modeling population dynamics of the investigated insect species. KW - ecological modeling KW - Random Forest KW - mass outbreak KW - Pinus sylvestris KW - Lymantria monacha KW - Dendrolimus pini KW - Diprion pini Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3285 SN - 1664-462X IS - 9 PB - Frontiers Media S.A. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vogel, Sebastian A1 - Gebbers, Robin A1 - Oertel, Marcel A1 - Kramer, Eckart T1 - Evaluating Soil-Borne Causes of Biomass Variability in Grassland by Remote and Proximal Sensing JF - Sensors N2 - On a grassland field with sandy soils in Northeast Germany (Brandenburg), vegetation indices from multi-spectral UAV-based remote sensing were used to predict grassland biomass productivity. These data were combined with soil pH value and apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) from on-the-go proximal sensing serving as indicators for soil-borne causes of grassland biomass variation. The field internal magnitude of spatial variability and hidden correlations between the variables of investigation were analyzed by means of geostatistics and boundary-line analysis to elucidate the influence of soil pH and ECa on the spatial distribution of biomass. Biomass and pH showed high spatial variability, which necessitates high resolution data acquisition of soil and plant properties. Moreover, boundary-line analysis showed grassland biomass maxima at pH values between 5.3 and 7.2 and ECa values between 3.5 and 17.5 mS m−1. After calibrating ECa to soil moisture, the ECa optimum was translated to a range of optimum soil moisture from 7% to 13%. This matches well with to the plant-available water content of the predominantly sandy soil as derived from its water retention curve. These results can be used in site-specific management decisions to improve grassland biomass productivity in low-yield regions of the field due to soil acidity or texture-related water scarcity. KW - apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) KW - pH KW - UAV KW - boundary-line KW - quantile regression KW - law of minimum Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3294 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 19 IS - 20 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krause, Stuart A1 - Sanders, Tanja G. M. A1 - Mund, Jan-Peter A1 - Greve, Klaus T1 - UAV-Based Photogrammetric Tree Height Measurement for Intensive Forest Monitoring JF - Remote Sensing N2 - The measurement of tree height has long been an important tree attribute for the purpose of calculating tree growth, volume, and biomass, which in turn deliver important ecological and economical information to decision makers. Tree height has traditionally been measured by indirect field-based techniques, however these methods are rarely contested. With recent advances in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) remote sensing technologies, the possibility to acquire accurate tree heights semi-automatically has become a reality. In this study, photogrammetric and field-based tree height measurements of a Scots Pine stand were validated using destructive methods. The intensive forest monitoring site implemented for the study was configured with permanent ground control points (GCPs) measured with a Total Station (TS). Field-based tree height measurements resulted in a similar level of error to that of the photogrammetric measurements, with root mean square error (RMSE) values of 0.304 m (1.82%) and 0.34 m (2.07%), respectively (n = 34). A conflicting bias was, however, discovered where field measurements tended to overestimate tree heights and photogrammetric measurements were underestimated. The photogrammetric tree height measurements of all trees (n = 285) were validated against the field-based measurements and resulted in a RMSE of 0.479 m (2.78%). Additionally, two separate photogrammetric tree height datasets were compared (n = 251), and a very low amount of error was observed with a RMSE of 0.138 m (0.79%), suggesting a high potential for repeatability. This study shows that UAV photogrammetric tree height measurements are a viable option for intensive forest monitoring plots and that the possibility to acquire within-season tree growth measurements merits further study. Additionally, it was shown that negative and positive biases evident in field-based and UAV-based photogrammetric tree height measurements could potentially lead to misinterpretation of results when field-based measurements are used as validation. KW - tree height KW - UAV KW - intensive forest monitoring KW - photogrammety KW - precision forestry Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3240 SN - 2072-4292 IS - 11(7) PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ochoa, Jesus A1 - Sanyé-Mengual, Esther A1 - Specht, Kathrin A1 - Fernández, Juan A. A1 - Bañón, Sebastián A1 - Orsini, Francesco A1 - Magrefi, Francesca A1 - Bazzocchi, Giovanni A1 - Halder, Severin A1 - Martens, Dörte A1 - Kappel, Noemi A1 - Gianquinto, Giorgio T1 - Sustainable Community Gardens Require Social Engagement and Training: A Users’ Needs Analysis in Europe JF - Sustainability N2 - Urban gardens are spreading in many cities across Europe, with community gardening being a fundamental form of urban agriculture. While the literature reveals the essential role that community gardens can play in terms of learning and education, no studies have investigated the training needs for participants in community gardens to ensure their successful development. The goal of this article is to evaluate the training requirements of urban community gardens to ensure their successful implementation and their contribution to sustainability in European cities. Two questionnaires of users’ needs analysis were designed and implemented in Berlin, Bologna, Budapest, and Cartagena. The results unveiled the need to re-enforce the training in the formation and community building phases of community gardens towards ensuring the creation of an engaged gardening community to maintain activity, particularly for top-down activities (e.g., research-related gardens). Users claimed their need for being trained on crop management skills (e.g., maintenance, bed preparation, organic practices) and on communication skills to further disseminate their activity, thereby increasing the potential for citizen engagement. Such requirements could be overcome with the creation of urban gardens networks, where experiences and knowledge are shared among practitioners. Policy recommendations are provided based on the outputs of this study. KW - urban agriculture KW - community gardening KW - training KW - community building KW - urban planning KW - knowledge KW - lifelong learning Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3261 SN - 2071-1050 IS - 11(14) PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Loebjinski, Maria A1 - Rug, Wolfgang A1 - Pasternak, Hartmut T1 - The Influence of Improved Strength Grading In Situ on Modelling Timber Strength Properties JF - Buildings N2 - The management and preservation of structures in our built environment are central and challenging tasks for practicing engineers. Within the CEN member states (European Committee for Standardization), the so-called Eurocodes form the basis of the design and verification of the load-bearing capacity of structures. Current Eurocodes do not contain special recommendations for existing structures, meaning that the principles for new structures are applied. This can lead to an incorrect estimation of the load-bearing capacity within the semi-probabilistic safety concept. A central task within the investigation and evaluation of existing structures is the strength grading of the material in situ using non-/semi-destructive technical devices. Studies show the potential of the ultrasonic time-of-flight measurement in combination with visual evaluation for an improved grading. The information on the material from an improved grading technique can be used to update the material parameters as a target variable using a measured reference variable. In this contribution, test data from a partner project (spruce, pine, and oak) are analyzed, applying the stochastic grading model of Pöhlmann and Rackwitz. It can be shown that different grading techniques influence the updated distribution function of the material strength within the grade. The results depend on the timber species. Perspectives to develop updated models dependent on the knowledge available are shown and discussed. KW - timber KW - existing structures KW - modelling material properties KW - code calibration KW - evaluation procedure Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2736 SN - 2075-5309 VL - 10 IS - 2 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Roque, Dionísio Virgílio A1 - Macandza, Valério António A1 - Zeller, Ulrich A1 - Starik, Nicole A1 - Göttert, Thomas T1 - Historical and current distribution and movement patterns of large herbivores in the Limpopo National Park, Mozambique JF - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution N2 - This study provides a first attempt to describe the historical distribution and movement patterns of selected large herbivore (LH) species in Limpopo National Park (LNP), an area in Mozambique today connected to a network of transboundary conservation areas. Between 1976 and the early 2000s, most LH species were absent in this area following the civil war in Mozambique followed by intense poaching due to weak law enforcement capacity. Through the reconstruction of the historical and current distribution and movement patterns of seven LH species in five periods, we investigate possible changes in distribution and movement patterns over time. Data collection is based on a systematic literature search, censuses reports, online databases, dung count transects, and camera trap surveys. We mapped all LH observations and movements using ArcGIS 10.1. Our results reveal a dramatic collapse of LH populations between the peak of the colonial period and the post-colonial/civil war period (1800–2001), followed by a slight recovery from the post-proclamation of Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park to the current period (2002–2021). While LH population decline applied to all seven species, there are species-specific differences in the process of restoration: African elephant (Loxodonta africana), African buffalo (Syncerus caffer), and plains zebra (Equus quagga) appear to recover to a greater extent than giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis), eland (Tragelaphus oryx), blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus), and white rhino (Ceratotherium simum). We found evidence of the functioning of proposed wildlife corridors in the LNP. The results give reason to assume that restoration of populations of LH is still in a very early and vulnerable state and that further efforts are necessary to strengthen the slowly increasing populations of LH. Our results highlight the importance of combining past and current data as a guide for the restoration of threatened species in African savannas impacted by human activities. KW - large herbivores KW - historical distribution KW - movement patterns KW - species collapse KW - species restoration KW - ecological corridors KW - Limpopo National Park KW - current distribution Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3641 SN - 2296-701X VL - 10 PB - Frontiers Media S.A. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Braun, Charis Linda A1 - Bitsch, Vera A1 - Häring, Anna Maria T1 - Developing agri-food value chains: learning networks between exploration and exploitation JF - The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension N2 - Purpose The present study explores the development of agri-food value chains from an organizational learning perspective, using the German organic food sector as an example. We illustrate how the development of local value chains unfolds over time and outline how facilitation can support this process. Design/methodology/approach The study used an action research design to facilitate change in practice and to create new knowledge. Data were collected through qualitative interviews, participant observation, and documentation of workshops and other learning activities. Data analysis and conceptualization followed a grounded theory approach. Findings The development process of value chains occurs in three phases, from joint exploration of the problem, through a phase of experimentation and implementation, to further cultivation of established collaborations among value chain actors. The development process oscillates between intra- and inter-organizational learning as well as explorative and exploitative activities. Practical implications The results of this study can help to understand and to further professionalize the practice of value chain development and provide guidance for facilitators and other stakeholder working in this field. Theoretical implications By drawing on the theory of exploration and exploitation, the study enhances the understanding of value chains collaboration in an inter-organizational setting. The study conceptualizes the development of agri-food value chains and the role of facilitators in the process. Originality/value There is little research to date that considers the development of value chains as a collaborative learning process. The presented grounded theory of local value chain development may inform further research on the transition towards a more sustainable agri-food system. KW - Action research; grounded theory; organizational learning; process facilitation; value chain development; local and organic food Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4700 SN - 1389-224X PB - Taylor & Francis ER -