TY - INPR A1 - Esteves de Carvalho, Luiza Marina A1 - Melo, Alessandra A1 - de Matos Umbelino, Glauco José A1 - Mund, Jan-Peter A1 - Gomes dos Santos, Jhonathan A1 - Rosette, Jacqueline A1 - Silveira, Daniel A1 - Gorgens, Eric Bastos T1 - Charcoal heaps volume estimation based on unmanned aerial vehicles T2 - agriRxiv N2 - The charcoal stock in a forest company is controlled based on the theoretical capacity of the masonry ovens (input) and shipped trucks (output). During the year, the company must monitor the stock for the purposes of accountability reports. This study proposes a more efficient and equally precise survey method that overcomes the challenges of the common monitoring system in Brazil. During this study, a new monitoring method based on digital stereoscopy from UAV images was developed, implemented and evaluated. The results were compared with a traditional topographic survey. A masonry oven's complex containing eight charcoal heaps was flown and surveyed using a multi-engine UAV, with an integrated Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and RTK equipment. Two stereoscopic processing methods were applied: (1) very low quality and (2) high quality to image alignment, reconstruction of the dense cloud, face count and in three-dimensional mesh creation. Low quality products showed geometric deformities when compared to high quality, but resulted in similar estimation to the topographic survey. The results indicated that the charcoal heaps' volume estimation using UAV derived orthomosaics can replace the conventional method of GNSS RTK surveys with considerable gains in stockpile volume accuracy, inventory frequency, and safety. In the case of high accuracy parameterization, improvements in geometric precision and accuracy are also produced. KW - unmanned aerial vehicles; accuracy; charcoal; forests; global positioning systems; satellites; trucks Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5226 SN - 2791-1969 N1 - Published here in Journal https://doi.org/10.2989/20702620.2021.1997067 PB - CABI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Esteves de Carvalho, Luiza Marina A1 - Melo, Alessandra A1 - de Matos Umbelino, Glauco José A1 - Mund, Jan-Peter A1 - Gomes dos Santos, Jhonathan A1 - Rosette, Jacqueline A1 - Silveira, Daniel A1 - Gorgens, Eric Bastos T1 - Charcoal heaps volume estimation based on unmanned aerial vehicles JF - Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science N2 - The charcoal stock in a forestry business is controlled based on the theoretical capacity of the masonry ovens (input) and shipped trucks (output). During the year, the company must monitor the stock for accountability reports and internal governance. This paper proposes a more efficient and precise survey method that overcomes the challenges of the common monitoring system in Brazil. In this study, a monitoring method based on digital stereoscopy from UAV images was implemented and evaluated. The results were compared with those of the traditional topographic survey based on RTK equipment. A multi-engine UAV, with an integrated global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and real-time kinematic positioning (RTK) equipment was used to fly over and survey a masonry oven complex containing eight charcoal heaps. Two stereoscopic processing methods were applied: (1) very low quality and (2) high quality to image alignment, reconstruction of a dense cloud, facet count and a three-dimensional mesh creation. Low-quality products showed geometric deformities when compared to high quality, but resulted in estimations similar to the topographic survey. Results indicated that the volume estimation of the charcoal heaps using UAV derived orthomosaics can replace the conventional method of GNSS RTK surveys with considerable gains in stockpile volume accuracy, inventory frequency and labour safety. The high quality processing method registered improvements in geometric precision and accuracy. KW - charcoal production; forest plantation; pig iron; UAV;volume heaps Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5181 SN - 2070-2620 SN - 2070-2639 VL - 83 IS - 4 SP - 303 EP - 309 PB - Taylor & Francis ER -