TY - JOUR A1 - Takov, Danail A1 - Pilarska, Daniela A1 - Linde, Andreas A1 - Barta, Marek T1 - Infectious and parasitic diseases of phytophagous insect pests in the context of extreme environmental conditions JF - Central European Forestry Journal N2 - The density of phytophagous insect pest populations is related (directly and indirectly) to several groups of factors that can be broadly divided into: abiotic, biotic and anthropogenic. Each extreme in the abiotic environment at a macro-level leads to a series of consecutive extremes in the biotic environment, which eventually results in micro-level responses in the individual organisms. The manifestation of factors acts in aggregate or in a sequence, creating a chain of processes around us. Insects very efficiently use the abundance of nutritional resources, resulting in a tremendous increase in their population density, and triggering control mechanisms through the emergence of parasitic and pathogenic infections (viruses, bacteria, fungi, microsporidia, protozoa and nematodes). The development of entomopathogenic infections in host populations is directly dependent on the characteristics of both the antagonist and the insect. It is associated with the lifestyle and life cycle of the insect, with features encoded in the mechanism of pathogen action, and limited by the pathogen’s virulence and pathogenicity. KW - Entomopathogenic infections KW - Environmental conditions KW - Extreme KW - Insect pests KW - Epizootic Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2541 SN - 2454-0358 VL - 67 IS - 2 SP - 72 EP - 84 PB - Sciendo ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kereselidze, Manana A1 - Pilarska, Daniela A1 - Linde, Andreas A1 - Sanscrainte, Neil D. A1 - Hajek, Ann E. T1 - Nosema maddoxi infecting the brown marmorated Stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), in the Republic of Georgia JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology N2 - Halyomorpha halys is an invasive, polyphagous stink bug from Asia, first reported attacking hazelnut orchards in the Republic of Georgia in 2015. A microsporidian pathogen discovered in Georgian H. halys has been identified as Nosema maddoxi by sequencing the ribosomal small subunit gene. Nosema maddoxi is native to North America and has also been found in China and South Korea; in North America it infects native stink bugs and H. halys. Investigations were carried out during different seasons in three regions of West Georgia in 2018–2019. The highest prevalence of N. maddoxi was detected among overwintered adults collected in May in the Guria region. KW - Microsporidia; entomopathogen; invasive species; natural enemy Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4942 SN - 0958-3157 SN - 1360-0478 VL - 30 IS - 10 PB - Taylor & Francis ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kereselidze, M. A1 - Pilarska, D. A1 - Ujmajuridze, L. A1 - Linde, Andreas A1 - Guntadze, N. A1 - Hajek, A. T1 - Seasonal prevalence of Nosema maddoxi infection in Halyomorpha halys, an invasive pest of hazelnut orchards in Georgia T2 - Acta Horticulturae N2 - The prevalence of the microsporidium Nosema maddoxi in populations of brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys) from three sites in Guria and eight sites in Samegrelo, Georgia is described. Investigations were conducted on adults collected in fall and spring from fall 2020 to spring 2022. The prevalence of infection differed by both region and season. Total prevalence of N. maddoxi in adults from the Guria region was significantly higher than the Samegrelo region. Infection levels in fall were higher than in the spring in the Guria region, but inconsistent over seasons in the Samegrelo region. Infection levels did not differ by sex. We hypothesize that higher population densities and more adult aggregation in Guria compared with Samegrelo helps to explain the higher infection levels in Guria. KW - invasive species; microsporidia; entomopathogen; biological control; Hemiptera Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8283 SP - 449 EP - 454 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Weiss, Fabio A1 - Linde, Andreas T1 - How precise are size-weight equations for estimating carabid biomass and how could they be improved? T2 - 22. Tagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für allgemeine und angewandte Entomologie e.V. (DGaaE) 2023 in Bozen, Italien N2 - Insect biomass has been used as an ecological indicator in the past, but in recent years has become a key metric in the study of insect population trends, especially since first reports about the so-called insect decline (e.g. “Krefeld study” of 2017). However, measuring insect biomass can be methodologically challenging, and very labour intensive. For many datasets, weight measurements are not available and the original samples may have already been lost. Size-weight equations provide a straightforward method for estimating insect biomass when the insect’s body length is known. If insects have been determined to species level one can also use the average body length given in literature. Based on the correlation between the body length and the weight of an insect, there is a variety of size-weight equations for different groups of insects. They are widely used in insect research, but have rarely been tested with independent data. We evaluated two size-weight models for carabid beetles, by Szyszko (1983) and Booij et al. (1994), drawing on previously published independent data by comparing model predictions with actual measurements of biomass, using relative deviation graphs and observed versus predicted from regression. Moreover, we also tested if the inclusion of additional taxonomic parameters, in this case subfamily, can improve results. We found that both models produced systematically biased results: Szyszko´s model gave more accurate results for larger species, while the model of Booij et al. did so for smaller species. This bias is most likely caused by the different origin of the respective training data. This underlines the restricted applicability of such models. We demonstrate that additional taxonomic parameters have the potential to increase the accuracy of size-weight equations and represent a potential solution to the issue of restricted applicability. As actual biomass measurements for carabids are scarce, data availability is limited to only few subfamilies. Until data on more subfamilies become available, we recommend a combined use of both evaluated models: Szyszko’s model for carabids ≥ 11.8 mm, and the model of Booij et al. for carabids < 11.8 mm, respectively. KW - insect decline KW - insect biomass KW - insect monitoring KW - Carabidae Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3966 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Linde, Andreas A1 - Weiss, Fabio T1 - Eberswalde Carabid Abundances 1999-2022 N2 - Ground beetles were caught from 1999 to 2022, between the beginning of May and the end of July each year, on 13 forest plots within one forest site (with the extension of approximately 1x1km) close to Eberswalde, Germany (52.820000, 13.790000). Not all plots were sampled each year and the researchers only included data from plots, which were sampled in three years or more. They used pitfall traps consisting of a 400ml glass jars positioned in a piece of PVC pipe, formaldehyde as trapping fluid and metal roofs. There were four pitfall traps at each plot, organised as either square or transect with approximately 20 meters between the traps. The layout of traps (square or transect) remained consistent for each plot throughout all sampled years. During the sampling period the traps were emptied three times, usually after four weeks (28 days), however, the exact sampling length occasionally varied. Prior to data analysis, the researchers excluded all data from traps that had been disturbed by factors such as rain, wild animals or vandalism. Abundances represent the sum of all individuals of species belonging to the Carabidae family that were caught in one pitfall trap during one sampling interval. This is an updated version of the dataset Eberswalde Carabid Abundances 1999-2021 (DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-11). It includes additional data sampled in 2022. Sampling abundances are no longer pooled for all traps per plot but listed for each trap individually. KW - Laufkäfer; Käfer; Insekten; Vorkommen; Wald; Insektenmonitoring; Biodiversität; Insektenrückgang; Zeitreihe KW - Carabids; Ground Beetles; Insects; Abundance; Forest; Insect Monitoring; Biodiversity; Insect Decline; Time Series Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4386 N1 - Erhebungszeitraum der Daten: 1999-05 - 2022-07 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kereselidze, Manana A1 - Pilarska, Daniela A1 - Guntadze, Nika A1 - Linde, Andreas T1 - Halyomorpha halys Stål, (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae) feeding effects on some agriculturalfruits in Georgia JF - Turkish Journal of Zoology N2 - Feeding effects of the invasive, polyphagous brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae), on some agricultural fruits (hazelnut, blueberry, mandarin, lemon) were investigated in Guria and Samegrelo regions of Georgia in 2019 and 2020. The damage to hazelnut kernels was evaluated when H. halys adults were allowed to feed on kernels in different stages of development. Furthermore, BMSB adults were allowed to feed on almost ripened fruits of blueberry, on small mandarin fruits which were not yet well developed, and on ripened fruits of mandarin. The evaluation of damage on lemon was recorded after allowing adult BMSB on small, not yet developed fruits and on almost developed fruits. It was shown that hazelnuts are susceptible to damage caused by feeding of BMSB throughout the entire period of kernel development (100% of kernels were damaged and did not develop at all). Furthermore, BMSB damages blueberry severely (100% damage) when the fruits are almost ripened. Damage to mandarin fruits in early development stages was over 90%, and 100% of ripened mandarin fruits dropped to the ground. We did not find any damage when BMSB was allowed to feed on Lemon throughout the development of the fruits. KW - Halyomorpha halys; hazelnut; blueberry; mandarin; lemon; damage Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7441 SN - 1300-0179 VL - 46 IS - 3 SP - 298 EP - 303 PB - Tübitak ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weiss, Fabio A1 - von Wehrden, Henrik A1 - Linde, Andreas T1 - Random year intercepts in mixed models help to assess uncertainties in insect population trends JF - Insect Conservation and Diversity N2 - 1. An increasing number of studies is investigating insect population trends based on time series data. However, the available data is often subject to temporal pseudoreplication. Inter-annual variability of environmental conditions and strong fluctuations in insect abundances can impede reliable trend estimation. Temporal random effect structures in regression models have been proposed as solution for this issue, but remain controversial. 2. We investigated trends in ground beetle abundance across 24 years using generalised linear mixed models. We fitted four models: A base model, a model featuring a random year intercept, a model featuring basic weather parameters, and a model featuring both random year intercept and weather parameters. We then performed a simple sensitivity analysis to assess the robustness of the four models with respect to influential years, also testing for possible spurious baseline and snapshot effects. 3. The model structure had a significant impact on the overall magnitude of the estimated trends. However, we found almost no difference among the models in how the removal of single years (sensitivity analysis) relatively affected trend coefficients. The two models with a random year intercept yielded significantly larger confidence intervals and their p-values were more sensitive during sensitivity analysis. Significant differences of the model with random year intercept and weather parameters to all other models suggest that the random year effects and specific weather effects are rather additive than interchangeable. 4. We conclude that random year intercepts help to produce more reliable and cautious uncertainty measures for insect population trends. Moreover, they might help to identify influential years in sensitivity analyses more easily. We recommend random year intercepts in addition to any variables representing temporally variable environmental conditions, such as weather variables. KW - arthropod decline KW - false baseline effect KW - insect decline KW - mixed models KW - robustness KW - sensitivity analysis KW - snapshot effect KW - temporal pseudoreplication KW - time series KW - uncertainty KW - year effects Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6496 SN - 1752-4598 VL - 16 IS - 4 SP - 531 EP - 537 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weiss, Fabio A1 - Linde, Andreas T1 - How to estimate carabid biomass?—an evaluation of size-weight models for ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and perspectives for further improvement JF - Journal of Insect Conservation N2 - Biomass is an important metric for monitoring carabid populations and serves as an ecological indicator. Models that predict carabid weight based on body size represent a simple and straightforward method to estimate biomass and are therefore commonly used. However, such models are rarely evaluated against independent validation data. In this study, we evaluated the two widely used size-weight models by Szyszko (1983) and Booij et al. (1994) drawing on previously published independent data. Additionally, we developed and tested four new models to also evaluate the potential effect of taxonomic parameters; and compared model predictions with actual measurements of biomass using relative deviation graphs and observed versus predicted from regression. We show that the two models by Szyszko (1983) and Booij et al. (1994) contain systematic bias towards larger and smaller carabids, respectively, suggesting restricted applicability of such models. Additional taxonomic parameters improved weight predictions, indicating one possible solution to the issue of restricted applicability. We discuss further relevant limitations of size-weight models and their application and recommend a combined use of the models of Szyszko (1983) and Booij et al. (1994) for carabids ≥ 11.8 mm and < 11.8 mm, respectively. Implications for insect conservation: Size-weight models are a suitable and simple method to estimate the biomass of carabids and have great potential to be used in monitoring schemes, the investigation of long-term trends and ecological studies. It is, however, essential that researchers pay special attention to potential restrictions in their applicability and methodological limitations. KW - Insect monitoring; Size weight equation; Insect biomass; Insect decline; Ecological modelling; Model validation Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4983 SN - 1366-638X SN - 1572-9753 VL - 26 SP - 537 EP - 548 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kovač, Marta A1 - Linde, Andreas A1 - Lacković, Nikola A1 - Bollmann, Friedrich A1 - Pernek, Milan T1 - Natural infestation of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria pseudobassiana on overwintering Corythucha arcuata (Say) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) and its efficacy under laboratory conditions JF - Forest Ecology and Management N2 - The invasive oak lace bug Corythucha arcuata (Say, 1832) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) was first recorded in lowland stands of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) in Eastern Croatia in 2013, from where it expanded to the west causing summer yellowing and intensive chlorotic damages of oak leaves. In 2018, the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria pseudobassiana Rehner and Humber (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) was isolated from several dead C. arcuata adults found in moss, a typical place for overwintering. The first aim of this study was to estimate the number of overwintering adults per m2 of moss, their natural mortality, and natural infestation by this fungus. Moss and oak lace bugs were collected from oak trees at six different locations in infested forests in Spačva basin. C. arcuata individuals were counted and separated for further analysis and determination of possible fungal infections. Results demonstrated a high rate of mortality among overwintering individuals (65%), with 19% of them infested by various entomopathogenic fungi, of which 70% belonged to B. pseudobassiana. The second aim of this study was to test fungal virulence against C. arcuata under laboratory conditions and to study differences between the isolates. A suspension of conidia (concentration: 1 × 108 conidia/ml) was sprayed on healthy adults of C. arcuata on moss patches. Results showed no difference in mortality rates between the isolates (96–97%), but one isolate produced a mycosis of 49% compared to 32% of the other isolate, with 4% of mycosis in control. The results presented here demonstrate this fungus as an antagonist, and indicate it as a potential candidate for future biological control of this invasive pest. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4973 SN - 0378-1127 SN - 1872-7042 IS - 491 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yaman, Mustafa A1 - Aydin, Çiçek A1 - Linde, Andreas A1 - Radek, Renate T1 - A new microsporidian pathogen, Vairimorpha gastrophysae sp. nov., isolated from Gastrophysa viridula (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) JF - European Journal of Protistology N2 - Gastrophysa viridula DeGeer 1775, the green dock leaf beetle, belongs to a group of beneficial insects, which can be used as a classical biological control agent against sorrels (Rumex sp., Polygonaceae). Therefore, any infection by pathogenic organisms in this beetle is undesirable. In the present study, a new microsporidian pathogen isolated from G. viridula was identified based on morphological and ultrastructural characteristics, supported with a molecular phylogenetic analysis. Light and transmission electron microscopy studies indicated that the microsporidium was polymorphic throughout its life cycle. Sporulation stages were not all in direct contact with the host-cell cytoplasm. The fresh single diplokaryotic spores of the secondary sporulation cycle had a long narrow morphology, measuring about 5 × 2.1 µm (n = 50). Octospores produced in the secondary sporulation cycle were also observed. Morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of the life cycle stages place it within the genus Vairimorpha. The phylogenetic tree constructed on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis supports the morphological and ultrastructural characteristics and indicates that the pathogen is closely related to the Vairimorpha clade of microsporidia. The pathogen is named Vairimorpha gastrophysae sp. nov. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4992 SN - 0932-4739 IS - 86 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Martin, Jakob A1 - Kampen, Helge A1 - Linde, Andreas A1 - Werner, Doreen T1 - The mosquito fauna (Diptera: Culicidae) of the „forest city“ Eberswalde T2 - Mitteilungen der DGaaE N2 - Um einen Überblick über die Stechmückenfauna (Diptera: Culicidae) der Waldstadt Eberswalde in Brandenburg, Deutschland, zu gewinnen, wurden zwischen Ende Mai und Ende September 2016 Mückenlarven, -puppen und -imagines in ihren verschiedenen Habitaten auf Friedhöfen, urbanen und landwirtschaftlichen Flächen, in Wäldern, Kleingärten und Parks gesammelt. Aquatische Stadien wurden mit einem Dipper oder einem Sieb, Adulte mit einem Aspirator, einem Kescher oder per Hand gefangen. Insgesamt konnten so 670 Mückenexemplare erhalten werden, die 14 Arten bzw. Artkomplexe aus den fünf Gattungen Aedes, Anopheles, Coquillettidia, Culex und Culiseta repräsentierten. 550 Individuen, die als Larven und Puppen gesammelt worden waren, gehörten vier Taxa an: Aedes annulipes-Gruppe, Ae. geniculatus, An. plumbeus und Culex pipiens-Komplex. Die 120 gefangenen Imagines wiesen eine wesent- lich höhere Artenvielfalt auf und setzten sich aus 14 Taxa in fünf Gattungen zusammen. Die meisten Exemplare gehörten zum Cx. pipiens-Komplex, wovon 116 Männchen morphologisch in Cx. pipiens und Cx. torrentium separiert werden konnten. Die Gattung Aedes war mit der höchsten Artenvielfalt vertreten (acht Taxa); die Gattungen Coquillettidia und Culiseta waren am seltensten (13 bzw. 5 Exemplare) und wurden nicht im aquatischen Stadium nachgewiesen. Friedhöfe zeigten die höchste Anzahl und Dichte von potenziellen Brutplätzen im urbanen Raum, wurden allerdings fast ausschließlich von Mücken des Cx. pipiens-Komplexes genutzt. Im Gegensatz dazu besaßen Wälder und Parks die höchste Artenvielfalt (acht bzw. neun Arten). Keine Stechmücken wurden auf landwirtschaftlichen Flächen gefunden. Ab Ende August sank die Anzahl der gesammelten aquatischen Exemplare deutlich ab. Während keine Neozoen, die als Überträger von Krankheitserregern gelten, in den Proben festzustellen waren, zeigt die Studie ein Artenspektrum an einheimischen Arten, das mögliche Vektoren enthält. KW - Brandenburg; Culicidae; Eberswalde; habitat; mosquito monitoring; species spectrum Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4954 UR - https://www.dgaae.de/files/user-upload/publikationen/mitteilungen_der_dgaae/Mitteilungen%2022/0808.pdf SN - 0344-9084 VL - 22 SP - 211 EP - 216 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Pilarska, Daniela A1 - Schafellner, Christa A1 - Georgiev, Georgi A1 - Georgieva, Margarita A1 - Mirchev, Plamen A1 - Zelinka, Peter A1 - Grollnigg, Katrin A1 - Goertz, Dörte A1 - Linde, Andreas A1 - Hoch, Gernot T1 - Entomophaga maimaiga, an introduced pathogen of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, in Europe: A joint study in Bulgaria and Austria T2 - Mitteilungen der DGaaE N2 - Der aus Ostasien stammende entomopathogene Pilz Entomophaga maimaiga (Entomophthoromycota: Entomophthorales) hat in Nordamerika sein Potential als wirksamer Antagonist des Schwammspinners Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) gezeigt. In den Jahren 1999 und 2000 wurde der Pilz als Maßnahme der biologischen Bekämpfung von L. dispar in Bulgarien freigesetzt. Seither hat sich E. maimaiga rasch auf der Balkanhalbinsel und in Südosteuropa ausgebreitet. Untersuchungen an zahlreichen blattfressenden Insekten bestätigten die hohe Wirtsspezifität. In einem Kooperationsprojekt wurde der Status von E. maimaiga in Bulgarien und Österreich untersucht. Achtzehn Jahre nach der Einbürgerung ist der Pilz in Bulgarien etabliert, und hohe Mortalitäten bei L. dispar werden seither regelmäßig dokumentiert. In Österreich wurde E. maimaiga in Screenings in den Jahren 2014 und 2018 in insgesamt 15 Eichenwäldern mit bekannten L. dispar-Vorkommen nicht nachgewiesen. Im Sommer 2019 wurden in zwei Eichenwäldern in Niederösterreich tote L. dispar Larven gefunden, die mit E. maimaiga infiziert waren. KW - Entomophaga maimaiga; entomopathogenic fungi; Lymantria dispar; biological control Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4963 UR - https://www.dgaae.de/files/user-upload/publikationen/mitteilungen_der_dgaae/Mitteilungen%2022/1212.pdf SN - 0344-9084 VL - 22 SP - 285 EP - 288 ER -