TY - GEN A1 - Wenig, Charlett A1 - Reppe, Friedrich A1 - Horbelt, Nils A1 - Spener, Jaromir A1 - Berendt, Ferréol A1 - Cremer, Tobias A1 - Burgert, Ingo A1 - Eder, Michaela T1 - Adhesives free bark panels: an alternative application for a waste material Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6118 N1 - Research Data to the publication: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280721 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wenig, Charlett A1 - Reppe, Friedrich A1 - Horbelt, Nils A1 - Spener, Jaromir A1 - Berendt, Ferréol A1 - Cremer, Tobias A1 - Frey, Marion A1 - Burgert, Ingo A1 - Eder, Michaela T1 - Adhesives free bark panels: An alternative application for a waste material JF - PloS one N2 - The proportion of bark in tree trunks is in the range of ~ 10–20%. This large amount of material is currently mainly considered as a by- or even waste-product by the timber processing industry. Recently, efforts towards the use of bark have been made, e.g. as a raw material to harvest different chemical compounds or as an additive for wood particle boards. Our motivation for this work was to keep the bark in an almost natural state and explore alternative processes and applications for use. The traditional method of de-barking tree trunks by peeling was used to harvest large bark pieces. Two pieces of peeled bark were placed crosswise, with the rhytidom side (outer bark) facing each other. After different conditioning steps, bark pieces were hot pressed to panels without adding adhesives. These experiments on bark samples of different Central European tree species suggest that production of panels with species dependent properties is possible and feasible. This is a step towards producing sustainable panels by using a natural waste material, while retaining its beneficial structure and its natural chemical composition. Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6104 VL - 18 IS - 1 PB - Public Library of Science (PLoS) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Felle, Tim Konrad A1 - Estenfelder, Jannis A1 - Wenig, Charlett A1 - Berendt, Ferréol A1 - Eder, Michaela A1 - Cheng, Tian A1 - Benz, Johan Philipp T1 - Tree bark as a substrate for mycelium-bound composites with two Ganoderma species JF - Discover Materials N2 - Bark is currently considered a by-product of the wood industry and is mostly incinerated for energy, left in forests, or used as a mulch layer in gardens, parks, and forests to help prevent soil from drying out. However, considering that bark makes up about 10–20% of the tree volume, there is a considerable amount of material that can be exploited and should be investigated in terms of a resource-efficient bioeconomy. One way to use bark as a raw material for innovative products could be as a substrate within mycelium-bound composite materials. However, since one of the natural functions of bark is to inhibit microbial infestation of the trees, it was unclear whether bark could be utilized in this manner. Therefore, we investigate in this study the possibilities of producing such composites by evaluating the performance of several bark-fungus combinations. Three different barks (from Douglas fir, Scots pine and European birch) and two species of fungi ( Ganoderma resinaceum and Ganoderma adspersum ) were selected for the experiments. Mycelium growth rates were evaluated with a newly developed method using fungal “growth tubes”. In addition, composites were prepared for performance tests from pure bark and 1:1 mixture of bark and beech wood sawdust. Composites made of mixed bark and beech wood were mostly well overgrown with a thick layer of mycelium on the surface, supporting higher compression strengths. The mycelium layer on the composites made with tree bark only was considerably thinner, resulting in lower compression strength. Water absorption potential was found to be highly dependent on the mycelium layer on the composite surfaces, which has substantial hydrophobic properties. Overall, although the required incubation times tend to be longer than for other commonly used substrates, our experiments demonstrate that bark clearly represents a potential co-substrate for the production of mycelium-bound composites. KW - Fungal mycelium KW - Mycelium growth rate KW - Compression strength KW - Water absorption potential KW - Morphological traits Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-10886 SN - 2730-7727 VL - 6 IS - 1 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER -