TY - JOUR A1 - Berendt, Ferréol A1 - de Miguel-Diez, Felipe A1 - Wallor, Evelyn A1 - Blasko, Lubomir A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - Comparison of different approaches to estimate bark volume of industrial wood at disc and log scale JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Within the wood supply chain, the measurement of roundwood plays a key role due to its high economic impact. While wood industry mainly processes the solid wood, the bark mostly remains as an industrial by-product. In Central Europe, it is common that the wood is sold over bark but that the price is calculated on a timber volume under bark. However, logs are often measured as stacks and, thus, the volume includes not only the solid wood content but also the bark portion. Mostly, the deduction factors used to estimate the solid wood content are based on bark thickness. The aim of this study was to compare the estimation of bark volume from scaling formulae with the real bark volume, obtained by xylometric technique. Moreover, the measurements were performed using logs under practice conditions and using discs under laboratory conditions. The mean bark volume was 6.9 dm3 and 26.4 cm3 for the Norway spruce logs and the Scots pine discs respectively. Whereas the results showed good performances regarding the root mean square error, the coefficient of determination (R2) and the mean absolute error for the volume estimation of the total volume of discs and logs (over bark), the performances were much lower for the bark volume estimations only. KW - Environmental sciences; Physics Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-1987 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 11 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - CHAP A1 - de Miguel-Díez, Felipe A1 - Reder, Stefan A1 - Wallor, Evelyn A1 - Bahr, Henrik A1 - Mund, Jan-Peter A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - Long Range and High-Speed Personal Laser Scanning (PLS) and Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) Technology in Roundwood Measurement T2 - Proceedings of the SilviLaser Conference 2021 Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4462 N1 - Proceedings of the SilviLaser Conference 2021, Vienna, Austria, 28–30 September 2021. Technische Universität Wien, 2021. DOI: 10.34726/wim.1861 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - de Miguel-Díez, Felipe A1 - Pettenkofer, Tim A1 - Wallor, Evelyn A1 - Tolosana-Esteban, Eduardo A1 - Purfürst, Thomas A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - Influence of log and stack parameters on the conversion factors for Norway Spruce wood stacks using a 3D simulation model JF - International Journal of Forest Engineering N2 - One method for estimating the solid wood content in a stack involves using conversion factors and multiplying these by the measured gross volume. The conversion factors can vary depending on several log and stack parameters. The aim of this study was to analyze eleven parameters using a 3D simulation model based on 541 measured logs of Norway spruce. To this end, 50 data sets were created from measured logs, where the parameters of interest in this study (e.g., length, crookedness, taper …) were classified according to different ranges. After that, 64 runs of simulations were carried out. In each simulation run, 150 stacks were modeled. The simulation results were compared with previous studies and with the measurement guidelines of several countries. This analysis revealed that the parameters midpoint diameter, length, crookedness, delimbing quality and the proportion of moderately and highly crooked logs in a stack have a considerable influence on the conversion factors. Taper, proportion of butt logs in a stack and stack height have a modest effect as do the proportion of tapered and crooked logs for low and high taper and low crookedness. In contrast, ovality and the proportion of logs stacked in opposite directions have a marginal influence on the conversion factors. Based on findings from these analyses, the current measurement guidelines of different countries can now be adapted to achieve a higher degree of accuracy. KW - Roundwood measurement; conversion factors; solid wood content; software development Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4482 SN - 1494-2119 VL - 33 IS - 2 SP - 119 EP - 128 PB - Taylor & Francis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - de Miguel-Díez, Felipe A1 - Reder, Stefan A1 - Wallor, Evelyn A1 - Bahr, Henrik A1 - Blasko, Lubomir A1 - Mund, Jan-Peter A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - Further application of using a personal laser scanner and simultaneous localization and mapping technology to estimate the log’s volume and its comparison with traditional methods JF - International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation N2 - The aim of this study was the development of a methodical processing line for estimating the log’s volume from scanning logs using a long-range high-speed personal laser scanner (PLS) GeoSLAM ZEB HORIZON and simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) technology in an open-source software framework of Cloud Compare. Additionally, the accuracy and precision of using PLS and the suggested method when measuring roundwood volume was examined compared to measurements made using a xylometer and estimations obtained from applying the formulae of Huber, Smalian and Newton. For this purpose, several parameters were measured in 50 logs of Norway spruce with an average length of 2.53 m and a mean diameter of 19.97 cm. Afterwards, the volume of these 50 logs was measured with a xylometer. The results of these measurements served as reference values. The same 50 logs were subsequently scanned with the PLS. The scans were converted into point clouds and were analyzed in Cloud Compare to estimate the volume of the scanned logs. Next, the root mean square error (RMSE) and the mean bias error (MBE) as well as their relative values were calculated for the volumes determined in Cloud Compare and estimated with the above mentioned formulae. The calculated RMSE (and relative RMSE) determined a deviation of the logs' volumes estimated in Cloud Compare from the xylometric volumes of 2.88 dm3 (3.54%) whereas the deviations of the log’s volumes calculated applying the formulae of Huber, Smalian and Newton from the xylometric volumes were respectively 9.63 dm3 (11.83%), 10.33 dm3 (12.69%) and 4.69 dm3 (5.76%). The calculated MBE (and relative MBE) showed that the estimated volumes in Cloud Compare and those using the formulae were overestimated, with the lowest overestimation of 0.10 dm3 (0.12%) in Cloud Compare and the highest, 5.50 dm3 (6.75%), using the Smalian formula. Therefore, it can be stated that results of suggested methodical processing line came closest to the logs' volumes obtained with the xylometer, i.e., they were more accurate and precise compared to the conventionally formulae for log’s volume estimation. The implementation of this method has the potential filling a gap towards a wall-to-wall complete digitization of the roundwood commercialization and ensure transparency and acceptance between the stakeholders involved in the wood supply chain. KW - SLAM; Point cloud; Roundwood measurement; Wood supply chain Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4496 SN - 1872-826X IS - 109 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Aparicio, Hainner A1 - Wallor, Evelyn A1 - Mund, Jan-Peter T1 - High-resolution recording and forecasting of peatlands under forests in northeast Brandenburg (Germany) using remotely sensed data radar data (ALOS-PALSAR and Sentinel 1) T2 - ESA Living Planet Symposium 2022 N2 - High-resolution recording and forecasting of peatlands under forests in northeast Brandenburg (Germany) using remotely sensed data (Radar ALOS-PALSAR and Sentinel 1). Peatlands are important in terms of CO2 storage, water cycling, biochemical cycles, biodiversity, and ecosystem services. Peatlands are constantly altered and damaged due to agriculture and drainage. Thus it is crucial to manage them sustainably. How? First step – locating and quantifying them with geospatial data and remote sensing methods since locating and collecting data in field is highly expensive and arduous in terms of labour and time. Our MAIN RESEARCH QUESTION therefore is: Is it possible to generate a method to record the location of peatlands under forests at high resolution using RS?. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5205 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Groh, Jannis A1 - Diamantopoulos, Efstathios A1 - Duan, Xiaohong A1 - Ewert, Frank A1 - Heinlein, Florian A1 - Herbst, Michael A1 - Holbak, Maja A1 - Kamali, Bahareh A1 - Kersebaum, Kurt-Christian A1 - Kuhnert, Matthias A1 - Nendel, Claas A1 - Priesack, Eckart A1 - Steidl, Jörg A1 - Sommer, Michael A1 - Pütz, Thomas A1 - Vanderborght, Jan A1 - Vereecken, Harry A1 - Wallor, Evelyn A1 - Weber, Tobias K. D. A1 - Wegehenkel, Martin A1 - Weihermüller, Lutz A1 - Gerke, Horst H. T1 - Same soil, different climate: Crop model intercomparison on translocated lysimeters JF - Vadose Zone Journal N2 - Crop model intercomparison studies have mostly focused on the assessment of predictive capabilities for crop development using weather and basic soil data from the same location. Still challenging is the model performance when considering complex interrelations between soil and crop dynamics under a changing climate. The objective of this study was to test the agronomic crop and environmental flux-related performance of a set of crop models. The aim was to predict weighing lysimeter-based crop (i.e., agronomic) and water-related flux or state data (i.e., environmental) obtained for the same soil monoliths that were taken from their original environment and translocated to regions with different climatic conditions, after model calibration at the original site. Eleven models were deployed in the study. The lysimeter data (2014–2018) were from the Dedelow (Dd), Bad Lauchstädt (BL), and Selhausen (Se) sites of the TERENO (TERrestrial ENvironmental Observatories) SOILCan network. Soil monoliths from Dd were transferred to the drier and warmer BL site and the wetter and warmer Se site, which allowed a comparison of similar soil and crop under varying climatic conditions. The model parameters were calibrated using an identical set of crop- and soil-related data from Dd. Environmental fluxes and crop growth of Dd soil were predicted for conditions at BL and Se sites using the calibrated models. The comparison of predicted and measured data of Dd lysimeters at BL and Se revealed differences among models. At site BL, the crop models predicted agronomic and environmental components similarly well. Model performance values indicate that the environmental components at site Se were better predicted than agronomic ones. The multi-model mean was for most observations the better predictor compared with those of individual models. For Se site conditions, crop models failed to predict site-specific crop development indicating that climatic conditions (i.e., heat stress) were outside the range of variation in the data sets considered for model calibration. For improving predictive ability of crop models (i.e., productivity and fluxes), more attention should be paid to soil-related data (i.e., water fluxes and system states) when simulating soil–crop–climate interrelations in changing climatic conditions. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5395 SN - 1539-1663 VL - 21 IS - 4 PB - Wiley ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rosso, Pablo A1 - Wallor, Evelyn A1 - Seserman, Diana-Maria A1 - Wehrhan, Marc A1 - Richter, Lars ED - Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF), T1 - Measuring nitrogen in crops at different scales and levels: a comparison of sensors BT - Book of Abstracts T2 - Landscape 2021 Diversity for sustainable and resilient agriculture, Online conference, 20.-22.09.2021 N2 - Crop sensing technology is in continuous development. Proximal and remote sensors measuring different physical properties of plant tissue, as surrogates for nutritional and health status are being developed in response to the ever-increasing need of quick and reliable crop monitoring for precision agriculture. A recently developed fluorescent-based device, Multiplex, is of particular interest for high spatial resolution modeling and managing systems, given its capacity of measuring fluorescence properties of chlorophyll and other pigments at both leaf and canopy levels, and both in discrete (“one-shot”) and continuous (“on-the-go”) measuring modes. The goal of this research was to assess the ability of Multiplex to measure nitrogen (N) content of different crops and compare it with the performance of other well-established sensors. Several fields with spring and winter barley and corn at three locations in Brandenburg representing different levels of N fertilization were chosen for the measurements. Leaf N content (% weight) from plant samples was compared to measurements of: Fluorescence (Multiplex Research sensor), light transmittance (SPAD sensor), and reflectance (ASD Field Spectrometer). Additionally, direct canopy fluorescence (Multiplex Research sensor) was compared to canopy reflectance (ASD Field Spectrometer), light transmittance of leaf composites (SPAD sensor) and remote reflectance from multispectral sensors on remotely piloted aircrafts (RPA) or drones. Out of the 25 variables Multiplex produces at each reading, the Chlorophyll Index, the Flavonoid Index and the Nitrogen Balance Index showed the closest relationships to N. All these variables contain infrared and red fluorescence components suggesting that these have a key role in chlorophyll and N determination. In general, however, SPAD showed higher accuracy than fluorescence as a predictor of N content in leaves. Despite of this, Multiplex seems particularly convenient for fast on-field assessment of crop canopy status. At the canopy level, drone-based sensors can be as accurate as Multiplex to assess the N status of the crops under study. In the case of Multiplex, however, since the device reads are taken below the canopy and parallel to the ground, measurements are not affected by canopy density and soil background, which can be an inconvenience for vertical reflectance measurements as provided by drones and spectrometers. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7724 SP - 100 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Benning, Raphael A1 - Petzold, Rainer A1 - Danigel, Johanna A1 - Mayer, Simon A1 - Profft, Ingolf A1 - Steinicke, Christian A1 - Hafner, Silke A1 - Ahrends, Bernd A1 - Heinz, Franziska A1 - Puhlmann, Heike A1 - von Wilpert, Klaus A1 - Amberger, Hagen A1 - Gauer, Jürgen A1 - Pieper, Andreas A1 - Wirner, Michael A1 - Wallor, Evelyn A1 - Riek, Winfried A1 - Janott, Michael A1 - Kölling, Christian A1 - Mette, Tobias T1 - BWI 2012 Umweltdatenbank Bodenprofile T2 - BWI 2012 Umweltdatenbank N2 - Ziel des Moduls Bodenprofile im Projekt WP-KS-KW (Waldproduktivität - Klimawandel - Kohlenstoffspeicherung) war es, für 26.450 Punkte der deutschen Bundeswaldinventur (BWI) Bodenleitprofile mit boden-physikalischen Grundlagendaten zu erstellen. Die Grundlage der Ableitung der Standorts- und Bodeninformationen bildeten die in den Bundesländern zur Verfügung stehenden Informationen aus der Standorts- und Bodenkartierung. Um den oft historisch gewachsenen Feinheiten der einzelnen Kartierungsverfahren gerecht zu werden, wurden Standorts- und Bodenkundler aus jedem Bundesland in das Projekt eingebunden. Für 26.450 Traktecken wurden Standorts- und Leitprofildaten nach einheitlichen Vorgaben erhoben und in der Datenbank zusammengeführt. Das Parameterspektrum umfasst im Wesentlichen: (1) Standortseinheit mit Bodentyp, Wasserhaushalts-/ Nährstoffansprache, Kalkung, (2) Leitprofil mit obligatorischen Horizontangaben zu Bodenart, Skelett, Trockenrohdichte (TRD), nutzbare Feldkapazität (nFK), (3) Leitprofil mit fakultativen Horizontangaben zu Basensättigung, organischer Kohlenstoffgehalt (Corg), Entkalkungstiefe, (4) Quellen- und Qualitätsschlüssel zu allen Parametern. Die Standortseinheit liegt für 25.069 (95 %) Traktecken vor, das Leitprofil für 24.735 (93.5 %). KW - Bundeswaldinventur; Standort; Bodenprofil; Bodentyp; Wasserhaushalt; Trophie; Textur; Skelett; Dichte; nutzbare Feldkapazität; Geologie Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6427 PB - Open Agrar Repositorium CY - Göttingen ER -