TY - CHAP A1 - Berendt, Ferréol A1 - Pegel, Erik A1 - Blasko, Lubomir A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - Bark Characteristics of Scots Pine Logs T2 - Environmental Sciences Proceedings N2 - The wood of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) shows... KW - bark thickness KW - bark volume KW - bark damage KW - industrial wood Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2040 SN - 2673-4931 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berendt, Ferréol A1 - Pegel, Erik A1 - Blasko, Lubomir A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - Bark proportion of Scots pine industrial wood JF - European Journal of Wood and Wood Products N2 - Bark characteristics are not only used in the forest-wood supply chain, for example to calculate standing volumes, but also to transform wood volumes and masses. In this study, bark thickness, bark volume and bark mass were analyzed on the basis of 150 Scots pine discs, with a mean diameter of 13 cm. The mean double bark thickness was 3.02 mm, the mean bark volume proportion was 5.6% and mean bark mass proportion was 3.3%. Bark proportions were significantly affected by the log-specific variables ‘diameter over bark’, ‘proportion of bark damage’ and ‘double bark thickness’. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-1975 SN - 0018-3768 VL - 79 IS - 3 SP - 749 EP - 752 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berendt, Ferréol A1 - de Miguel-Diez, Felipe A1 - Wallor, Evelyn A1 - Blasko, Lubomir A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - Comparison of different approaches to estimate bark volume of industrial wood at disc and log scale JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Within the wood supply chain, the measurement of roundwood plays a key role due to its high economic impact. While wood industry mainly processes the solid wood, the bark mostly remains as an industrial by-product. In Central Europe, it is common that the wood is sold over bark but that the price is calculated on a timber volume under bark. However, logs are often measured as stacks and, thus, the volume includes not only the solid wood content but also the bark portion. Mostly, the deduction factors used to estimate the solid wood content are based on bark thickness. The aim of this study was to compare the estimation of bark volume from scaling formulae with the real bark volume, obtained by xylometric technique. Moreover, the measurements were performed using logs under practice conditions and using discs under laboratory conditions. The mean bark volume was 6.9 dm3 and 26.4 cm3 for the Norway spruce logs and the Scots pine discs respectively. Whereas the results showed good performances regarding the root mean square error, the coefficient of determination (R2) and the mean absolute error for the volume estimation of the total volume of discs and logs (over bark), the performances were much lower for the bark volume estimations only. KW - Environmental sciences; Physics Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-1987 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 11 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berendt, Ferréol A1 - Wolfgramm, Felix A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - Reliability of photo-optical measurements of log stack gross volume JF - Silva Fennica N2 - In terms of assessing economic impact, one of the most important elements in the wood supply chain is the measurement of round wood. Besides the one-by-one measurement of logs, logs are often measured when stacked at the forest road. The gross stacked volume includes the volume of the wood, bark and airspace and is widely used for industrial wood assortments. The increasing international attention given to photo-optical measurement systems for portable devices is due to their simplicity of use and efficiency. The aim of this study was to compare the gross volumes of hardwood log stacks measured using one widespread photo-optical app with two manual section-wise volume estimations of log stacks based on the German framework agreement for timber trade (RVR). The manual volume estimations were done starting from the left (RVRleft) and right (RVRright) sides of the log stacks. The results showed an average deviation of the photo-optical gross volume estimation in comparison to the manual estimation of –2.09% (RVRleft) and –3.66% (RVRright) while the deviation between RVRleft and RVRright was +2.54%. However, the log stack gross volume had a highly significant effect on the deviation and better accuracy with smaller deviation were reached for larger log stacks. Moreover, results indicated that the gross volume estimations of higher quality log stacks were closer for the three analyzed methods compared to estimations of poor-quality log stacks. KW - logistic KW - photogrammetry KW - timber trade KW - volume estimation KW - wood pile Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2003 SN - 2242-4075 VL - 55 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 13 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Cremer, Tobias A1 - Berendt, Ferréol A1 - de Miguel Diez, Felipe A1 - Wolfgramm, Felix A1 - Blasko, Lubomir T1 - Accuracy of Photo-Optical Measurement of Wood Piles T2 - Environmental Sciences Proceedings N2 - The accurate estimation of timber volume is of the utmost importance. For industrial timber, the volume is often estimated as stacked cubic meters. In addition to manual measurements, volume estimation is possible with photo-optical systems. Over 100 piles of industrial timber of broadleaved tree species were analyzed. In the study, a standard manual measurement method for the estimation of wood pile volumes was compared with a smartphone based photo-optical application for the determination of woodpile volume. Mean gross volume of the piles was approximately 56 m3 and mean width of piles was 9.43 m. A strong correlation was found between the manual measurements and the photo-optical measurement. However, volume estimation of large volume piles seems to perform better in comparison to piles with small volumes. Further research is needed to determine the effects of variables such as log quality or quality of pile on volume estimation accuracy. KW - timber stack KW - volume estimation KW - logistic KW - timber trade Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2012 SN - 2673-4931 IS - 3(1) PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berendt, Ferréol A1 - Tolosana, Eduardo A1 - Hoffmann, Stephan A1 - Alonso, Paula A1 - Schweier, Janine T1 - Harvester Productivity in Inclined Terrain with Extended Machine Operating Trail Intervals: A German Case Study Comparison of Standing and Bunched Trees JF - Sustainability N2 - The complexity of highly structured forests with multiple tree species, especially when coniferous and broadleaved tree species are mixed, as well as stands with extended machine operating trail spacing and inclined terrain, create challenging operational conditions for mechanized timber harvesting and extraction. Motor-manually felling trees within the midfield and bunching them at the machine operating trails, prior to the arrival of a harvester-forwarder system, is a complex operation. The aim of this study was to assess and compare tethered harvester productivities of a thinning operation, for felling and processing standing trees and for processing bunched trees, through a time study in forest stands with 40-m distances between machine operating trails. Total operational costs of the analyzed thinning operation were 69 €/m3o.b., including extraction using a multiple forwarder approach. Tree species, merchantable timber volume, and whether the trees were standing or presented as bunched logs all had a significant effect on the harvester time consumption. Moreover, harvester positioning time was significantly shorter when trees were already bunched at the machine operating trail. While the productivity of standing or bunched spruce trees did not differ significantly between the cases (approximately 18 m3o.b./productive machine hours excluding all delays (PMH0)), the productivity of standing broadleaved tree species (8.3 m3o.b./PMH0) was much lower than that of bunched trees (15.5 m3o.b./PMH0). Thus, the described timber harvesting and extraction system may be a valuable option for forest stands with high proportion of broadleaved trees. KW - forest operations KW - machine operating trail KW - midfield KW - single-grip harvester KW - soil protection KW - tethering winch Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2022 SN - 2071-1050 VL - 12 IS - 21 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Litschel, Johannes A1 - Berendt, Ferréol A1 - Wagner, Hanna A1 - Heidenreich, Simon A1 - Bauer, David A1 - Welp, Martin A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - Key Actors’ Perspectives on Agroforestry’s Potential in North Eastern Germany JF - Land N2 - As a land use management system, agroforestry has environmental, economic and societal benefits over conventional agriculture or forestry. Important benefits of combining tree growth with agricultural crops and/or forage production systems include higher biodiversity through more diverse habitats, the control of runoff and soil erosion, the augmentation of soil water availability, the creation of microclimates, carbon sequestration and provision of a more diverse farm economy. As the climate changes, north eastern Germany is likely to be particularly prone to severe effects from droughts and wind erosion in the future. However, the area of land under agroforestry makes up less than 2% of the total agricultural area in Germany. Through qualitative interviews with key actors, this study analyzed the benefits of, potentials for and barriers to implementing agroforestry systems in the federal state of Brandenburg. Results showed that agroforestry systems have significant potential in relation to several benefits, particularly the mitigation of soil erosion and stabilization of microclimate regimes. Additionally, agroforestry has the potential to provide wood for energy production or material uses. Although a small but highly innovative and interlinked community exists, administrative barriers and high start-up costs currently hamper the transition from conventional agriculture to agroforestry systems. KW - agroforestry KW - timber products KW - semi-structured interviews KW - barrier KW - opportunity Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4003 SN - 2073-445X VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wilms, Florian A1 - Duppel, Nils A1 - Cremer, Tobias A1 - Berendt, Ferréol T1 - Bark Thickness and Heights of the Bark Transition Area of Scots Pine JF - Forests N2 - The estimation of forest biomass is gaining interest not only for calculating harvesting volumes but also for carbon storage estimation. However, bark (and carbon) compounds are not distributed equally along the stem. Particularly when looking at Scots pine, a radical change in the structure of the bark along the stem can be noted. At the bark transition area, the bark changes from thick and rough to thin and smooth. The aim of our study was (1) to analyze the height of the bark transition area where the bark structure changes and (2) to analyze the effect of cardinal direction on the bark thickness. Regression analyses and forward selection were performed including measured tree height, DBH, bark thickness, crown base height and upper and lower heights of the bark transition areas of 375 trees. While the cardinal direction had no effect on bark thickness, DBH was found to have a significant effect on the heights of the bark transition areas, with stand density and tree height having a minor additional effect. These variables can be used to estimate timber volume (without bark) with higher accuracy and to predict the carbon storage potential of forest biomass according to different tree compartments and compounds. KW - bark structure; Pinus sylvestris; forward selection; bark types Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4330 SN - 1999-4907 IS - 12(10) SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Litschel, Johannes A1 - Berendt, Ferréol A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - Holzbauquote in Berlin-Brandenburg steigern JF - Holz-Zentralblatt N2 - Das im Februar gestartete Forschungsvorhaben "Adapt-Wald-Holz" unter der Leitung der Hochschule für nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde (HNEE) steht im Zeichen von Branchenvernetzung, regionaler Wertschöpfung und Nachwuchsförderung. Ziel ist es, ein adaptives, d.h. anpassungsfähiges, Wald-Holz-Managementsystem für die Region Brandenburg-Berlin am Beispiel der Waldkiefer zu entwickeln. Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7965 SN - 0018-3792 VL - 149 IS - 35 PB - DRW-Verlag Weinbrenner GmbH & Co. KG ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Litschel, Johannes A1 - Berendt, Ferréol A1 - Welp, Martin A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - Perspektiven von Schlüsselakteuren auf das Potenzial der Agroforstwirtschaft in Nordostdeutschland T2 - Tagungsband 9. Forum Agroforstsysteme, 27. & 28. September 2023 Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8040 SP - 16 EP - 17 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Purfürst, Thomas A1 - de Miguel-Díez, Felipe A1 - Berendt, Ferréol A1 - Engler, Benjamin A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - Comparison of wood stack volume determination between manual, photo-optical, iPad-LiDAR and handheld-LiDAR based measurement methods JF - iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry N2 - The measurement of roadside wood stacks in the forest still plays an important role in many forestry operations. Traditional manual measuring methods can be laborious, inaccurate and error-prone. Therefore, the issue is whether 2.5D or 3D optical remote sensing measuring methods provide more precise or detailed results and advantages in further data processing. This study examined and partly developed nine different manual, photo-optical, iPad®-LiDAR and handheld laser scanner-LiDAR-based wood stack measurement methods. Forty-seven wood stacks, ranging from 8.9 to 209.3 m3 (totalling approximately 2700 m3), were measured and compared using these nine methods. All the methods give volume estimations, and none can be seen to give the real or true wood stack gross volume. Surprisingly, the results varied significantly within and between the individual methods, with up to a 9% mean relative deviation. The relative deviation is strongly dependent on the size of the wood stack. The 3D measurement methods using iPad® RGB and LiDAR recorded lower timber volumes than the other methods, in contrast to the method based on samples taken with handheld laser scanner-LiDAR, which overestimated the volume. Generally, optical- and laser-based surveying techniques could be more widely applied in measuring wood stacks in the future. However, such automatic wood stack gross volume determination approaches still face some challenges, regarding accuracy in the case of the 2.5D methods and the lack of automatisation in the case of 3D methods. Consequently, further research is required in the near future. KW - iPad LiDAR; Wood Stack Volume; 3D Volume; Photo-optical Measurement; Personal Laser Scanner; SLAM; RVR Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8062 SN - 1971-7458 VL - 16 IS - 4 SP - 243 EP - 252 PB - Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wenig, Charlett A1 - Reppe, Friedrich A1 - Horbelt, Nils A1 - Spener, Jaromir A1 - Berendt, Ferréol A1 - Cremer, Tobias A1 - Burgert, Ingo A1 - Eder, Michaela T1 - Adhesives free bark panels: an alternative application for a waste material Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6118 N1 - Research Data to the publication: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280721 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berendt, Ferréol A1 - Bajalan, Iman A1 - Wenig, Charlett A1 - Hinds, Charlotte A1 - Blaško, Ľubomír A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - Estimation of Scots pine bark biomass delivered to the wood industry in Northern Germany JF - Central European Forestry Journal N2 - Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is the most widely distributed pine species in the world. In Germany, as in many other European countries, it is a very important species both culturally and economically. Few studies have focused on bark volumes being delivered to the wood industry together with the roundwood, being potentially a valuable resource for material or energetic utilization. Therefore, logs from six different forest sites were collected and bark variables including double bark thickness (DBT) in three different categories, diameter, and bark damage (as a degree of miss-DBT) in three different categories, diameter, and bark damage (as a degree of miss-ing bark) were measured and analyzed in order to model bark volume (Vbark) and bark mass (Mbark). The correlation analysis using Pearson’s method showed that the highest correlation coefficients were observed from the correla-tion between DBT and Vbark, as well as between DBT and Mbark. Also, results demonstrated that with DBT greater than 20 mm, the percentage of Vbark exceeded 20%. Finally, different linear regression models were recommended to predict Vbark and Mbark based on the other variables. The results of this study can be used in different wood industries in order to predict bark volume and bark mass of e.g. truckloads or roundwood stacks. KW - bark thickness; bark volume; bark mass; Pinus sylvestris; correlation Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6126 SN - 2454-0358 VL - 69 IS - 2 SP - 89 EP - 97 PB - Sciendo ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wenig, Charlett A1 - Reppe, Friedrich A1 - Horbelt, Nils A1 - Spener, Jaromir A1 - Berendt, Ferréol A1 - Cremer, Tobias A1 - Frey, Marion A1 - Burgert, Ingo A1 - Eder, Michaela T1 - Adhesives free bark panels: An alternative application for a waste material JF - PloS one N2 - The proportion of bark in tree trunks is in the range of ~ 10–20%. This large amount of material is currently mainly considered as a by- or even waste-product by the timber processing industry. Recently, efforts towards the use of bark have been made, e.g. as a raw material to harvest different chemical compounds or as an additive for wood particle boards. Our motivation for this work was to keep the bark in an almost natural state and explore alternative processes and applications for use. The traditional method of de-barking tree trunks by peeling was used to harvest large bark pieces. Two pieces of peeled bark were placed crosswise, with the rhytidom side (outer bark) facing each other. After different conditioning steps, bark pieces were hot pressed to panels without adding adhesives. These experiments on bark samples of different Central European tree species suggest that production of panels with species dependent properties is possible and feasible. This is a step towards producing sustainable panels by using a natural waste material, while retaining its beneficial structure and its natural chemical composition. Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6104 VL - 18 IS - 1 PB - Public Library of Science (PLoS) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Litschel, Johannes A1 - Berendt, Ferréol A1 - Cremer, Tobias A1 - Welp, Martin T1 - Mit regenerativen Materialien zur Brandenburger Bauwende? JF - Holz-Zentralblatt N2 - Gemeinsam mit zahlreichen Akteuren aus Berlin und Brandenburg untersucht die Hochschule für nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde (HNEE) in einem breit angelegten Modellvorhaben die Potenziale regenerativer Materialien für die Baubranche. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6213 SN - 0018-3792 VL - 148 IS - 36 SP - 608 EP - 608 PB - DRW-Verlag Weinbrenner GmbH & Co. KG ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wilms, Florian A1 - Berendt, Ferréol A1 - Bronisz, Karol A1 - Bashutska, Ulyana A1 - Fotelli, Mariangela A1 - Radoglou, Kalliopi A1 - Spyroglou, Gavriil T1 - Applying taper function models for black locust plantations in Greek post-mining areas JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Abstract A key process in forest management planning is the estimation of tree volume and, more specifically, merchantable volume. The ability to predict the cumulative stem volume relative to any upper stem diameter on standing trees or stands is essential for forest inventories and the management of forest resources. In the 1980s, the Hellenic Public Power Corporation (HPPC) started the rehabilitation of lignite post-mining areas in Greece by planting mainly black locust ( Robinia pseudoacacia, L.). Today, these plantations occupy an area of approximately 2570 ha, but the stem volume has not yet been estimated. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the over- and under-bark stem volume using taper function models for 30 destructively sampled trees. Of the nineteen calibrated fixed-effects models, Kozak’s (2004) equation performed best for both the over-bark and under-bark datasets, followed by Lee’s (2003) and Muhairwe’s (1999) equations. Two fixed effect models were compared with fitted coefficients from Poland and the United States confirming that the local model fits were better suited, as the foreign model coefficients caused an increase in root mean square error (RMSE) for stem diameter predictions of 13% and 218%, respectively. The addition of random effects on a single-stem basis for two coefficients of Kozak’s (2004) equation improved the model fit significantly at 86% of the over-bark fixed effect RMSE and 69% for the under-bark model. Integrated taper functions were found to slightly outperform three volume equations for predictions of single stem volume over and under bark. Ultimately it was shown that these models can be used to precisely predict stem diameters and total stem volume for the population average as well as for specific trees of the black locust plantations in the study area. KW - - KW - Forest landscape restoration KW - Stem taper KW - Tree volume KW - Fixed- and mixed-effects modelling KW - Random coefficients KW - L. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-9562 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 14 IS - 1 PB - Nature Publishing Group UK CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Felle, Tim Konrad A1 - Estenfelder, Jannis A1 - Wenig, Charlett A1 - Berendt, Ferréol A1 - Eder, Michaela A1 - Cheng, Tian A1 - Benz, Johan Philipp T1 - Tree bark as a substrate for mycelium-bound composites with two Ganoderma species JF - Discover Materials N2 - Bark is currently considered a by-product of the wood industry and is mostly incinerated for energy, left in forests, or used as a mulch layer in gardens, parks, and forests to help prevent soil from drying out. However, considering that bark makes up about 10–20% of the tree volume, there is a considerable amount of material that can be exploited and should be investigated in terms of a resource-efficient bioeconomy. One way to use bark as a raw material for innovative products could be as a substrate within mycelium-bound composite materials. However, since one of the natural functions of bark is to inhibit microbial infestation of the trees, it was unclear whether bark could be utilized in this manner. Therefore, we investigate in this study the possibilities of producing such composites by evaluating the performance of several bark-fungus combinations. Three different barks (from Douglas fir, Scots pine and European birch) and two species of fungi ( Ganoderma resinaceum and Ganoderma adspersum ) were selected for the experiments. Mycelium growth rates were evaluated with a newly developed method using fungal “growth tubes”. In addition, composites were prepared for performance tests from pure bark and 1:1 mixture of bark and beech wood sawdust. Composites made of mixed bark and beech wood were mostly well overgrown with a thick layer of mycelium on the surface, supporting higher compression strengths. The mycelium layer on the composites made with tree bark only was considerably thinner, resulting in lower compression strength. Water absorption potential was found to be highly dependent on the mycelium layer on the composite surfaces, which has substantial hydrophobic properties. Overall, although the required incubation times tend to be longer than for other commonly used substrates, our experiments demonstrate that bark clearly represents a potential co-substrate for the production of mycelium-bound composites. KW - Fungal mycelium KW - Mycelium growth rate KW - Compression strength KW - Water absorption potential KW - Morphological traits Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-10886 SN - 2730-7727 VL - 6 IS - 1 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER -