TY - JOUR A1 - Boness, Jan‐Ole A1 - Kautz, Timo A1 - Hoffmann‐Bahnsen, Roland T1 - Fertilizer addition effect of novel recycling fertilizers from human excreta in a pot experiment with maize (Zea mays L.) JF - Soil Use and Management N2 - Abstract Recycling nutrients from human faeces is a practicable and effective process in terms of the circular economy. To test this, we carried out a pot experiment with a hygienized human faeces compost (HHFC) and a nitrified urine fertilizer (NUF) made from contents of dry toilets to determine the short‐term fertilizer addition effect. HHFC variants were created in increments equivalent to 10, 20, and 30 t ha −1 dry matter weight (DM) and as joint fertilizer application of HHFC and NUF. For the classification of the fertilizer addition effect, soluble concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil as well as contents in the plant ( Zea mays L.) were analysed after a trial period of 8 weeks. Above‐ground biomass, plant height, and chlorophyll content of the leaves were also assessed. The sole compost variants showed no to slightly higher DM yields than the control, whereas the combined compost urine fertilizer variant achieved around 80% of the DM yield of the mineral‐fertilizer applied reference treatment. The soil's total nitrogen storage is significantly increased in our experiment by the addition of HHFC. The concentration of soluble phosphorus in the soil increases significantly with increased compost applications. However, in the combined compost urine fertilizer variant, sufficient nitrogen supply results in a low level of soluble phosphorus because of high plant biomass production. This trend is reflected in the phosphorus content of plant material. HHFC is considered a good phosphorus fertilizer, which is also confirmed in this experiment. A similar picture emerges for the supply of potassium from HHFC. Although the liquid urine fertilizer (combined with HHFC) does not achieve the DM yield of the mineral reference variant in the early phase of plant growth, it has clear advantages in supplying the crop with nitrogen. This study shows that the recycling of nutrients from human faeces is a potential strategy for conserving finite resources and promoting energy‐efficient agricultural practices in line with the circular economy. KW - - KW - circular economy KW - faeces compost KW - human excreta KW - nutrient recycling KW - yield Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-9081 SN - 0266-0032 SN - 1475-2743 VL - 40 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Barnabas, Bulus A1 - Bavorova, Miroslava A1 - Madaki, Mustapha Yakubu A1 - Kächele, Harald T1 - Food safety knowledge, attitudes, and practices of food vendors participating in Nigeria’s school feeding program JF - Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety N2 - Abstract This study aimed to measure the food safety knowledge, attitude, and practices among food vendors engaged in Nigeria’s ongoing Home-grown School Feeding Program. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in face-to-face interviews with 240 food vendors from 3 states in northeast Nigeria involved in the school feeding program using a structured questionnaire. Multiple linear regression results revealed that increased education and access to information through radio, television, and food inspection institutions increased food safety knowledge. Food safety attitudes score increased with more years of vending experience and accessing food safety information via radio, food inspection institutions, and the Internet. An increase in household size and food safety information from friends and colleagues negatively affected food safety attitude scores. As a result, we emphasize the need for dissemination of improved food safety information via radio, television and food safety inspection institutes. Food vendors in the SFP should be selected after passing a food safety training and gaining food handling experience. Higher education should be a priority criterion in the hiring process. KW - - KW - School feeding program KW - Food safety knowledge KW - Food safety attitude and practices KW - Food vendors KW - Nigeria Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-9078 SN - 1661-5751 SN - 1661-5867 VL - 19 IS - 2 SP - 199 EP - 212 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - THES A1 - Wickrama Rathnayaka, Tharaka Nuwan T1 - Development of a web-based online reputation management platform in Germany T1 - Entwicklung einer webbasierten Online-ReputationsmanagementPlattform in Deutschland N2 - In Germany, online reputation management is mainly done by specialized firms that offer customized reputation management plans for their clients. Individuals and businesses need to continuously work with specialized firms by investing time and a large amount of money to manage their online reputation. Although there are a large number of online platforms on the Internet, none of them has been explicitly developed for the German market. The aim of this research is to analyze the requirements, design and develop an online reputation management platform suitable for Germany. Based on the existing platforms and the opinions of industry experts, six key reputation related functionalities are identified: 1). Reputation overview, 2). Optimize positives, 3). Clean up social media, 4). Dark web scan, 5). Web scan and 6). Image scan. Reputation overview was analyzed using the search results from Google.de domain. The user was asked to label the search results into four categories: positive, negative, neutral and not belongs. The reputation score was calculated by an algorithm initialized with the predefined values for each label according to the position of the search result and considering various parameters such as label, presence of any negative results and domain authority score. Analyzing Facebook and Twitter social media profiles for better search engine optimization and creating local high domain authority (DA) profiles like n-tv.de, focus.de and fr.de wereimplemented under the optimize positives functionalities. Social media photos and text content that can be harmful to a user's online reputation were identified using the Google Vision API and the in-house wordlist database in the social media cleanup section. The dark web scan was implemented using an external API to capture any data breaches related to the user. The functions to monitor the content and the images indexed by Google were developed in the web scan and the image scan, respectively. A dedicated server configured with a web server (Nginx and Apache), a database server (MySQL), Redis, cron jobs, PHP, Composer, Node and a firewall was used to host the entire platform. The platform was developed in two parts as 01). front-end and 02). back-end. The front-end was developed as a universal application using HTML, CSS, JavaScript and two JavaScript frameworks called Vue.js and Nuxt.js. The back-end was developed as a RESTful API using PHP and the Laravel framework. Two main subscription options as Free and Premium and additional subscription plans for high DA profile creation was developed. Payment processing was implemented to allow users to pay via credit card, direct debit or PayPal through the Mollie payment gateway. The token-based authentication system, subscription management, platform administration and language translations were also developed to ensure the proper functioning of the platform. The front-end presented to the users was simple, clean and fast, which provided a better user experience. The front-end was used with the RESTful API to perform back-end operations and negerate appropriate exceptions in case of errors. Regarding reputation-related features, data fetching and processing using the external APIs such as Google Vision API, SERP API (Google search results and Google image search results), Facebook and Twitter were performed without any major issues. The other functionalities that were developed to support the overall platform functionalities such as authentication, subscription management,payment processing and platform administration were performed smoothly as expected. The Google search engine results retrieved from the SERP API for a particular user was a critical factor to consider, as all reputation analysis was performed on this basis. It could lead to an incorrect online reputation overview if the results retrieved from the platform differed from the actual Google search results. The platform was tested with different keywords and the results obtained from the platform and Google search website were compared to confirm the accuracy of the data. The biggest limitation of the platform wasthat a single user account can only monitor one keyword, one Facebook profile and one Twitter profile. Users who need to monitor multiple keywords and social media profiles must create a separate user account for each of these profiles. This forces users to monitor more than one user account at a time, making it difficult to maintain the concept. In the future, it is important to update the platform to accommodate multiple keywords and social media profiles for a single user account. Keywords: online reputation, online reputation management platform, reputation overview, social media clean up, Google search N2 - In Deutschland wird das Online-Reputationsmanagement hauptsächlich von spezialisierten Firmen durchgeführt, die maßgeschneiderte Reputationsmanagementpläne für ihre Kunden anbieten. Privatpersonen und Unternehmen müssen kontinuierlich mit spezialisierten Firmen zusammenarbeiten, indem sie Zeit und eine große Menge Geld investieren, um ihre Online-Reputation zu verwalten. Obwohl es eine große Anzahl von Online-Plattformen im Internet gibt, ist keine davon explizit für den deutschen Markt entwickelt worden. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Anforderungen zu analysieren und eine für Deutschland geeignete OnlineReputationsmanagement-Plattform zu konzipieren und zu entwickeln. Basierend auf den bestehenden Plattformen und den Meinungen von Branchenexperten werden sechs zentrale reputationsbezogene Funktionalitäten identifiziert: 1). Reputationsübersicht, 2). Positives optimieren, 3). Soziale Medien bereinigen, 4). DarkWeb-Scan, 5). Web-Scan und 6). Bild-Scan. Die Reputationsübersicht wurde anhand der Suchergebnisse der Domain Google.de analysiert. Der Benutzer wurde gebeten, die Suchergebnisse in vier Kategorien einzuordnen: positiv, negativ, neutral und gehört nicht dazu. Der Reputations-Score wurde durch einen Algorithmus berechnet, der mit den vordefinierten Werten für jedes Label entsprechend der Position des Suchergebnisses und unter Berücksichtigung verschiedener Parameter wie Label, Vorhandensein jeglicher negativer Ergebnisse und Domain Authority Score initialisiert wurde. Die Analyse vonFacebook- und Twitter-Social-Media-Profilen für eine bessere Suchmaschinenoptimierung und die Erstellung von lokalen Profilen mit hoher Domain-Autorität (DA) wie n-tv.de, focus.de und fr.de wurden unter den Funktionen zur Optimierung von Positiven implementiert. Social Media Fotos und Textinhalte, die der Online-Reputation eines Nutzers schaden können, wurden mit Hilfe der Google Vision API und der hauseigenen WordlistDatenbank im Bereich Social Media Cleanup identifiziert. Der Dark-Web-Scan wurde mithilfe einer externen API implementiert, um alle Datenverstöße in Bezug auf den Benutzer zu erfassen. Die Funktionen zur Überwachung des Inhalts und der von Google indizierten Bilder wurden im Web-Scan bzw. im Image-Scan entwickelt. Ein dedizierter Server, der mit einem Webserver (Nginx und Apache), einem Datenbankserver (MySQL), Redis, Cron-Jobs, PHP, Composer, Node und einer Firewall konfiguriert war, wurde zum Hosten der gesamten Plattform verwendet. Die Plattform wurde in zwei Teilen entwickelt als 01). front-end und 02). back-end. Das Front-End wurde als universelle Anwendung mit HTML, CSS, JavaScript und zwei JavaScript-Frameworks namens Vue.js und Nuxt.js entwickelt. Das Back-End wurde als RESTful API unter Verwendung von PHP und dem Laravel-Framework entwickelt. Es wurden zwei Hauptabonnement-Optionen als Free und Premium und zusätzliche Abo-Pläne für die Erstellung von hohen DA-Profilen entwickelt. Die Zahlungsabwicklung wurde so implementiert, dass die Benutzer per Kreditkarte, Lastschrift oder PayPal über das MollieZahlungsgateway bezahlen können. Das Token-basierte Authentifizierungssystem, die Abonnementverwaltung, die Plattformadministration und die Sprachübersetzungen wurden ebenfalls entwickelt, um das ordnungsgemäße Funktionieren der Plattform zu gewährleisten. Das Frontend, das den Benutzern präsentiert wurde, war einfach, sauber und schnell, was eine bessere Benutzererfahrung ermöglichte. Das Front-End wurde mit der RESTful-API verwendet, um Back-End-Operationen durchzuführen und im Falle von Fehlern entsprechende Ausnahmen auszulösen. In Bezug auf reputationsbezogene Funktionen wurde das Abrufen und Verarbeiten von Daten über die externen APIs wie Google Vision API, SERP API (Google-Suchergebnisse und Google-Bildersuchergebnisse), Facebook und Twitter ohne größere Probleme durchgeführt. Die anderen Funktionalitäten, die zur Unterstützung der Gesamtfunktionalität der Plattform entwickelt wurden, wie z. B. Authentifizierung, Abonnement-Verwaltung, Zahlungsabwicklung und PlattformAdministration, wurden wie erwartet reibungslos ausgeführt.Die von der SERP-API abgerufenen Google-Suchmaschinenergebnisse für einen bestimmten Benutzer waren ein kritischer Faktor, der berücksichtigt werden musste, da die gesamte Reputationsanalyse auf dieser Basis durchgeführt wurde. Es könnte zu einem falschen Online-Reputationsüberblick führen, wenn die von der Plattform abgerufenen Ergebnisse von den tatsächlichen Google-Suchergebnissen abweichen. Die Plattform wurde mit verschiedenen Schlüsselwörtern getestet und die von der Plattform und der GoogleSuchwebsite erhaltenen Ergebnisse wurden verglichen, um die Genauigkeit der Daten zu bestätigen. Die größte Einschränkung der Plattform war, dass ein einzelnes Benutzerkonto nur ein Schlüsselwort, ein Facebook-Profil und ein Twitter-Profil überwachen kann. Benutzer, die mehrere Keywords und Social-Media-Profile überwachen müssen, müssen für jedes dieser Profile ein eigenes Benutzerkonto erstellen. Dies zwingt die Benutzer dazu, mehr als ein Benutzerkonto gleichzeitig zu überwachen, was es schwierig macht, das Konzept beizubehalten. Für die Zukunft ist es wichtig, die Plattform zu aktualisieren, um mehrere Keywords und Social-Media-Profile für ein einziges Benutzerkonto zu ermöglichen. Schlüsselwörter: Online-Reputation, Online-Reputationsmanagement-Plattform, Reputationsübersicht, Bereinigung von Social Media, Google-Suche KW - online reputation KW - Online-Reputation Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-9050 ER - TY - THES A1 - Reder, Stefan A1 - Waßermann, Lilli T1 - UAV-based Analysis of Canopy Structures in Rainforest Areas in Ecuador and Brazil N2 - With the development of new imaging and near field remote sensing UAV technologies, the field of forest canopy and tree crown investigations in the context of rainforest ecology gained new perspectives in recent years. This study demonstrates the feasibility of structural analysis of canopy for the assessment of succession states of tropical lowland rainforests using a consumer UAV and open access ground reference data. Therefore, the canopy of 22 small-scale forest plots in the Ecuadorian Andes and the Mata Atlântica were captured with an UAV between October 2017 and February 2018. The fully remote image acquisition used automated flight plans consisting of crossed flights with different incident camera angles and did not require ground control points (GCP) as further ground reference. Photogrammetric Point Clouds (PPC), image meshes and crown height models (CHM) were created with Structure from Motion (SfM), combined with a Digital Terrain Model from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), in order to analyze structural parameters of the canopy. The standard deviation of the height values of the PPC and the CHM differs statistically significant between succession stages. Investigation plots in climax or late succession show a mean PPCSD of 6.7 m with a standard error of 0,3 m. Plots in early succession show a PPCSD of 4.8 m with a standard error of 0.3 m and degraded plots show 2.8m with a standard error of 0.2m. This result proves the applicability of the proposed workflow under typical NGO conditions and other applied science research with limitations in budget and access to sophisticated survey equipment. KW - rainforest KW - UAV KW - Remote Sensing KW - canopy analysis KW - forest sucession Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8916 ER - TY - THES A1 - Reder, Stefan T1 - Detection and quantification of windthrown tree stems on UAV-orthomosaics by deep learning N2 - Severe storm events are the biggest driving factor for biomass loss in European forests. Besides the damages caused by the storm itself, there are subsequent damages due to biotic, abiotic and market factors with far reaching implications for forestry and conservation. These subsequent damages can be minimized if the amount and spatial distribution of the windthrown trees is known and can be used to optimize salvage operations and calamity management. Traditional methods and space born remote sensing can only provide estimations of the affected area, whereas remote sensing with aerial sensors is able to obtain the spatial distribution of the stems with detection rates up to 92% but not to quantify single logs due to an insufficient spatial resolution. Recent approaches utilizing UAVs are promising but a methodology for the quantification of windthrown trees is not published yet. The presented work closes this gap by analyzing UAV-orthomosaics with Deep Learning techniques to obtain precise information of the spatial distribution and estimate the volume of the windthrown trees. Therefore, the U-Net was included in a bottom-up object detection based on a skeletonization algorithm including a reconstruction of occluded stem parts by a voting system based on morphological heuristics. For the subsequent quantification of the detected stems, the diameter is determined every 25 cm and the volume is calculated as sum of truncated cone volumes. In the scope of this work, 21 orthomosaics of beech, spruce and mixed stands with a ground sampling distance of mostly less than 2 cm were used, on which 1747 windthrown tree stems were manually outlined for the training of the models “Spruce”, “Beech” and “General” for pure and mixed stands, respectively. Additionally, 710 trees were digitized and measured for the validation of the methodology. It could be proven that the proposed methodology is able to detect windthrown tree stems with an average detection rate of 93.8% for spruce stands and with 93.3% for beech and mixed stans (error rates between 4.3% and 6.3%). Thereby, the detected volumes were overestimated by the specific models for spruce (11.8%) and beech stands (10.7%) while the “General” model was underestimating the volume by 5.8%, on average. Generally, specialization on certain tree species carries the risk of lower detection rates for unfamiliar scenes and species, while a general model is associated with a higher rate of classification errors. Further, it could be shown that the performance of the proposed methodology is affected by the quality of the used orthomosaics. The quantification of the amount of windthrown wood and the reconstruction of occluded stem parts are unique features compared to other recently published approaches with far reaching implications for forestry, ecology, and biodiversity conservation. The proposed methodology provides additional information for decision-making in the planning of salvage loggings and for monitoring of biomass and carbon cycles. Further, it can contribute to a better understanding of windthrow dynamics and therewith, will support the development of sustainable management strategies which focus on resilient forest ecosystems. KW - windthrow KW - disaster management KW - remote sensing KW - deep learning KW - UAV Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8909 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wolff, Ian T1 - The Role of Universities of Applied Sciences in the Development of a National Research Data Infrastructure. Situation and Potentials of Universities of Applied Sciences from the Perspective of the Network FDM@HAW N2 - “The presentation highlights the role of Universities of Applied Sciences (UAS) in research and their potential for the development of a National Research Data Infrastructure (NFDI). To address the growing need for structured research data management (RDM) at UASs, the FDM@HAW network has emerged as a potential connector between NFDI and UAS landscape. It aims to raise awareness of NFDI services across a diverse UAS network, and articulate UAS-specific requirements back to NFDI. In doing so, it strengthens mutual integration and fosters targeted support. […] In line with NFDI’s mission to “improv[e] the possibilities for using data for science and society” (https://www.nfdi.de/association/?lang=en, April 16, 2025), FDM@HAW seeks to disseminate knowledge of and strengthen competence in delving into these possibilities. The network provides valuable support to activate a target group that has largely been untapped. Close cooperation between NFDI and FDM@HAW will then contribute to the successful development of a nationwide RDM ecosystem. In the presentation, proposals for cooperation will be outlined.” (cf. the CoRDI submission abstract “The Role of Universities of Applied Sciences in the Development of a National Research Data Infrastructure”, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16735972) The slides for the presentation and the manuscript for the lightning talk held at CoRDI on August 28, 2025, can be found below. KW - Forschungsdatenmanagement KW - NFDI KW - FDM@HAW KW - HAW Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-10520 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Van Hee, Jens A1 - Ollendorf, Franziska A1 - Coral, Claudia A1 - Steinke, Jonathan A1 - Sieber, Stefan A1 - Löhr, Katharina T1 - Exploring farmer-driven approaches for sustainable cocoa livelihoods in Côte d’Ivoire JF - Discover Sustainability N2 - Abstract The Ivorian cocoa sector faces numerous socio-economic and environmental challenges, including widespread poverty among smallholder farmers. Over decades, multiple approaches have been adopted to address these challenges, often top-down and outcome-based in their design. This study applied a Positive Deviance (PD) approach to explore strategies employed by innovative Ivorian cocoa farming households to identify and learn from locally developed solutions. Analysing data from 303 Ivorian cocoa households, 16 PD households were selected for follow-up in-depth interviews. Key strategies identified among these households included income diversification, the use of organic fertilizers like compost and animal manure, and maintaining diversified plantations and dry-season crops to enhance household resilience. While these practices are not entirely new to the Ivorian context, their strategic combination and anticipation of specific challenges appears to be key to their success. However, their adoption was often depending on the households’ access to resources, such as land and labour, limiting their generalizability across all smallholder farmers. The study therefore highlights the need for context-specific approaches to support smallholder farmers and argues for tailored and locally grounded development interventions. Given the critical role that cooperatives play in facilitating access to inputs, knowledge, and credit, they should be strengthened, particularly in their capacity to reach underserved groups. While these exploratory findings offer valuable insights into local innovations and trade-offs within the cocoa sector, future research should incorporate more quantitative data on household income streams to better understand the broader applicability and trade-offs of these strategies. KW - - KW - Cocoa KW - Innovation KW - Positive deviance KW - Côte d’Ivoire KW - Targeted approach Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-10636 SN - 2662-9984 VL - 6 IS - 1 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Van Hee, Jens A1 - Ollendorf, Franziska A1 - Coral, Claudia A1 - Steinke, Jonathan A1 - Sieber, Stefan A1 - Löhr, Katharina T1 - Correction: Exploring farmer-driven approaches for sustainable cocoa livelihoods in Côte d’ivoire JF - Discover Sustainability KW - - Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-10644 SN - 2662-9984 VL - 6 IS - 1 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gercken, Henriette A1 - Möller, Marius A1 - Mendez Cartin, Ana Lucia A1 - Bielefeldt, Judith A1 - Wolfram, Emilia A1 - Wellbrock, Nicole A1 - Gärtner, Julian A1 - Oertel, Cornelius T1 - Do current biomass equations for Alnus glutinosa and Betula pubescens misestimate carbon stocks at peatland sites? JF - Carbon Balance and Management N2 - Abstract Accurate estimation of forest carbon stocks is essential for climate change mitigation, particularly in peatland ecosystems known for their high soil organic carbon content. However, biomass equations currently used in Germany, such as the “ regular” biomass equation of the National Forest Inventory integrated in the TapeS R package, are primarily calibrated for mineral soil sites and may misestimate biomass in peatland forests. This study evaluates the applicability of existing biomass equations for Alnus glutinosa and Betula pubescens in forested peatlands across Germany by comparing estimates of the biomass equation of the National Forest Inventory with a set of alternative allometric functions, including peatland-specific equations. Using data from 65 forests at peatland and 1266 forests at mineral soil sites, we assessed tree growth patterns, aboveground biomass, and carbon stocks. Results indicate significant differences in growth dynamics between peatland and mineral sites, with trees at peatland sites exhibiting lower heights and biomass at a given diameter. Despite this, stand level carbon estimates by the standard biomass equation of the National Forest Inventory aligned closely with the mean of all equations for both species and did not show a consistent bias, although it overestimated individual tree biomass for Betula pubescens . Notably, peatland-specific functions show high variability and no clear advantage over the biomass equation of the National Forest Inventory. We conclude that while the equation of the National Forest Inventory currently provides robust estimates for the carbon stock of peatland forests in Germany on stand level for Betula pubescens and Alnus glutinosa , future recalibration may be needed as restoration efforts and climate change alter site conditions. For local-scale applications, especially in intact or rewetted peatlands, site-adapted equations are recommended to account for the high spatial heterogeneity and complex growth dynamics of these ecosystems. KW - - KW - Biomass KW - Peatland forests KW - Carbon stock KW - Alnus glutinosa KW - Betula pubescens KW - Growth dynamics Y1 - 2026 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-10655 SN - 1750-0680 VL - 21 IS - 1 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lin, Yen-You A1 - Hordasevych, Solomiia A1 - Matias, Denise Margaret S. A1 - Müller, Jens A1 - Aschenbrand, Erik A1 - Kopsieker, Lisa A1 - Ferreira, Ana Filipa T1 - Research in European UNESCO Biosphere Reserves - Workshop Proceedings (Revised) N2 - The international workshop “Research in European UNESCO Biosphere Reserves” took place from 13th to 16th February 2024 at the Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Eberswalde, Germany. This event was part of a series of workshops funded by the German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation that aim to connect European biosphere reserve practitioners and facilitate the exchange of knowledge and good practices. The workshop brought together a total of 28 participants from 15 European countries, including managers and researchers, and it built on the Eberswalde Declaration and the Lima Action Plan to advance research in biosphere reserves. Specific themes addressed in the workshop included: current research progress, research gaps and needs, monitoring and research data accessibility/management and research collaborations. The workshop emphasised the critical intersection of scientific research, policymaking and the practical realities of managing biosphere reserves, highlighting both the achievements and ongoing challenges faced by biosphere reserve practitioners and researchers in Europe while offering opportunities to exchange and connect, as well as an outlook for future action and collaboration. Biosphere reserves serve as invaluable landscapes for learning and research, and they contribute significantly towards improving the effectiveness of management measures. Workshop discussions highlighted the diversity of research projects conducted across a broad spectrum of topics, involving numerous institutions and stakeholders. However, a noticeable gap exists between scientific and academic requirements, policy and funding cycles and the on-the-ground realities of biosphere reserve management, which often hinders progress due to a lack of collaboration and communication between managers, practitioners and researchers, thereby negatively affecting effective management and governance. A recurring theme is the lack of visibility of biosphere reserves, as they frequently overlap with other protected area categories that have higher visibility among the population and policymakers alike. Some possible solutions suggested in the workshop included raising awareness among funders about the value of biosphere reserves and their contribution to broader policy objectives, enhancing experience and result-sharing across the network, establishing and sharing databases to connect researchers with practitioners, co-designing projects to foster collaboration among a diverse range of stakeholders and the better integration of research results into management practices. KW - Biosphere Reserve KW - Eberswalde Declaration KW - Man and the Biosphere Programme KW - UNESCO Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-10075 SP - 1 EP - 36 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Barnabas, Bulus A1 - Bavorova, Miroslava A1 - Madaki, Mustapha Yakubu A1 - Kächele, Harald T1 - Food safety knowledge, attitudes, and practices of food vendors participating in Nigeria’s school feeding program JF - Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety N2 - Abstract This study aimed to measure the food safety knowledge, attitude, and practices among food vendors engaged in Nigeria’s ongoing Home-grown School Feeding Program. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in face-to-face interviews with 240 food vendors from 3 states in northeast Nigeria involved in the school feeding program using a structured questionnaire. Multiple linear regression results revealed that increased education and access to information through radio, television, and food inspection institutions increased food safety knowledge. Food safety attitudes score increased with more years of vending experience and accessing food safety information via radio, food inspection institutions, and the Internet. An increase in household size and food safety information from friends and colleagues negatively affected food safety attitude scores. As a result, we emphasize the need for dissemination of improved food safety information via radio, television and food safety inspection institutes. Food vendors in the SFP should be selected after passing a food safety training and gaining food handling experience. Higher education should be a priority criterion in the hiring process. KW - - KW - School feeding program KW - Food safety knowledge KW - Food safety attitude and practices KW - Food vendors KW - Nigeria Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-9064 SN - 1661-5751 SN - 1661-5867 VL - 19 IS - 2 SP - 199 EP - 212 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Aschenbrand, Erik A1 - Gräbener, Uli Frank A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. A1 - Luthardt, Vera A1 - Matias, Denise Margaret A1 - Mutschler, Lena-Marie ED - Biosphere Reserves Institute (BRI), T1 - Science and Research in, for and with UNESCO Biosphere Reserves Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8323 N1 - 16–20 May, 2022, Schorfheide-Chorin Biosphere Reserve, Germany; Version 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mohiuddin, Gulam A1 - Mund, Jan-Peter A1 - Rahaman, Kazi Jahidur T1 - Detection of Urban Expansion using the Indices-Based Built-Up Index Derived from Landsat Imagery in Google Earth Engine JF - GI_Forum N2 - Urban expansion, particularly in the global south, has brought numerous environmental consequences which require regular investigation. The current study assessed the growth of built-up areas in the Chbar Ampov district (Phnom Penh, Cambodia) using the Indices-Based Built-Up Index (IBI) derived from Landsat 8 satellite imagery. We applied the IBI method to satellite images from 2013 to 2021 to determine changes in the built-up area over time and their correlation with land surface temperature (LST). The research revealed generally consistent urban expansion (1.68 square kilometres per year) in the study area within the period. Despite minor inconsistencies due to temporary land-use changes and cloud interference, the results support the study's major conclusions. The findings reinforce the necessity of meticulous monitoring and management of urban expansion. Dynamic analysis and practical research methods can contribute to sustainable urban development practices, thus ensuring a balance between human progress and environmental preservation. KW - urban expansion, change detection, remote sensing Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8294 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mack, Kevin A1 - Kubrakov, Sergiy A1 - Kruhlov, Ivan A1 - Schick, Axel A1 - Dichte, Angela A1 - Smaliychuk, Anatoliy A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. T1 - Climate Change and Land Use Impacts on Ecosystems and Human Well-being in Desnianskyi Biosphere Reserve : Situation Analysis for Ecosystem-based Adaptation N2 - This document provides a summary of the situation analysis and the diagnosis. It is the cumulative result of the findings, discussions, and excursions during a. the citizen workshops b. GIS-based analysis and mapping c. MARISCO (adaptive MAnagement of vulnerability and RISk at COnservation sites) expert workshops d. EbA training3 and recent developments since these events. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6928 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mack, Kevin A1 - Stryamets, Galyna A1 - Kruhlov, Ivan A1 - Schick, Axel A1 - Dichte, Angela A1 - Smaliychuk, Anatoliy A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. T1 - Climate Change and Land Use Impacts on Ecosystems and Human Well-being in Roztochya Biosphere Reserve : Situation Analysis for Ecosystem-based Adaptation N2 - This document provides a summary of the situation analysis and the diagnosis. It is the cumulative result of the findings, discussions, and excursions during a. the citizen workshops b. GIS-based analysis and mapping c. MARISCO (adaptive MAnagement of vulnerability and RISk at COnservation sites) expert workshops d. EbA training3 and recent developments since these events. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6916 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hamidov, Ahmad A1 - Daedlow, Katrin A1 - Webber, Heidi A1 - Hussein, Hussam A1 - Abdurahmanov, Ilhom A1 - Dolidudko, Aleksandr A1 - Seerat, Ali Yawar A1 - Solieva, Umida A1 - Woldeyohanes, Tesfaye A1 - Helming, Katharina T1 - Operationalizing water-energy-food nexus research for sustainable development in social-ecological systems: an interdisciplinary learning case in Central Asia JF - Ecology & Society N2 - In social-ecological systems, natural resource management can be characterized by trade-offs across sectors and sustainability targets. The water-energy-food (WEF) nexus concept makes explicit various trade-offs in order to maximize synergies of interventions. However, there are few successful examples of its operationalization in research settings. Here, we explore in a learning setting if sustainability impact assessment (SIA) protocols can be a useful process to be used to adopt a systemic, interdisciplinary perspective to operationalize WEF nexus in research for sustainable development. The process and method adopted of SIA protocol, evaluated for five exemplary WEF nexus cases in Central Asia during a week-long international workshop, adequately addressed the complexity of WEF interrelationships and associated sustainability issues, and facilitated a comparative case study analysis across scales. Results within this process highlight that water governance was critical for large-scale transboundary WEF nexus management, while land and soil management were decisive for minimizing trade-offs at local levels. Issues of interdisciplinarity, complexity, uncertainty, and reflection on impacts were adequately addressed, but challenges remain in the consideration of ethics and the design of transparent, multi-actor cooperation. Most importantly, this exercise showed that employment of the process of SIA protocol supported disciplinary experts to work across disciplines and take a systemic approach for analyzing WEF nexus. KW - fghanistan; Central Asia; impact assessment; interdisciplinarity; socially responsible research; systemic approach Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6890 SN - 1708-3087 VL - 27 IS - 1 PB - Resilience Alliance ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Madaki, Mustapha Yakubu A1 - Muench, Steffen A1 - Kächele, Harald A1 - Bavorova, Miroslava ED - Barkenbus, Jack T1 - Climate Change Knowledge and Perception among Farming Households in Nigeria JF - Climate N2 - Nigeria is committed to achieving a 20% unconditional and 45% conditional reduction of GHG emissions by 2030 through a strong focus on awareness of and preparedness for climate change impacts via the mobilization of local communities for climate change mitigation actions. As land cover changes and forestry contribute 38% and agriculture contributes 13% of the country’s GHGs, farmers are among the stakeholders to be aware of and prepare for climate change mitigations and adaptations. This study assessed the knowledge of agriculturally related practices associated with climate change and its relation to climate change perception. One thousand and eighty (1080) smallholder farmers were interviewed across six agroecological zones (AEZs) of Nigeria using a structured questionnaire. The results revealed that most farmers know that deforestation and land clearance by bush burning contributes to climate change. However, many farmers did not know that methane emissions from livestock (enteric fermentation) can cause climate change. Our results further show that the farmers’ perception of climate change is associated with climate change knowledge. Factors affecting the climate change knowledge of farmers include information received from government extension services, environmental NGOs, and radio, as well as experiencing extreme weather events. Farmers of dry AEZs were more aware and knowledgeable of the agricultural practices contributing to the changing environment. Increased exposure to climate change events thus appears to elevate the knowledge on the topic. Using government services, environmental NGOs, and radio to disseminate climate change information will help further in guiding and shaping farmers’ perceptions towards scientific findings for appropriate actions. KW - - KW - causes of climate change KW - climate change perception and knowledge KW - climate change mitigation KW - farm practices KW - knowledge gap theory KW - agroecological zones KW - Nigeria Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6306 SN - 2225-1154 VL - 11 IS - 6 PB - MDPI ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mohiuddin, Gulam A1 - Mund, Jan-Peter T1 - Statistical Relation between Vegetation Cover and Land Surface Temperature in Phnom Penh City T2 - Remote Sensing for Urban Planning and Management Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mugarura, Michael A1 - Stümer, Wolfgang A1 - Dunger, Karsten A1 - Bolte, Andreas A1 - Ramlow, Matt A1 - Ackom, Emmanuel A1 - Röhling, Steffi T1 - Ascription of the differences between Germany and Uganda’s Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry sector greenhouse gas methodologies for inventory improvement JF - Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change N2 - Abstract Germany, as an Annex I Party is expected to prepare and submit annual Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventories of emissions and removals, including Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry (LULUCF) sector. Uganda, a non-Annex 1 party, is institutionalizing a sustainable national GHG inventory system. The LULUCF sector is a key emission source and plays a vital role in these two countries’ GHG inventories. This research analyzes the differences between applied LULUCF methodologies in Uganda as a developing country and Germany as a developed country with a particular focus on the forestry sector. It further analyzes the root cause factors for the different approaches, existing gaps and gives recommendations for future inventory improvement. The intricate institutional, policy framework, expertise, and applied methodological approaches for carbon change estimations in biomass pools are analyzed. Uncertainty analysis and time-series consistency process is reviewed with regard to how the countries’ quality assurance/control (QA/QC) and verification approaches adhere to the transparency framework. Resource limitations and data collection challenges dictate that Uganda uses the tier 1 methodological approach for emissions inventory. Consolidation and institutionalization of the GHG process will improve inventory accuracy while enhancing adherence to climate commitments. Germany uses higher tiers. Besides, government support for planned improvements using the recently developed country-specific biomass functions for estimating belowground biomass of silver birch, oak, and Scotch pine tree species will be essential for improving inventory quality. Operationalization of the inventory plan (IP) will be critical in driving inventory improvements geared towards time-series consistency, comparability, and transparency. KW - - KW - Biomass stock KW - Emission factor KW - Uncertainty analysis KW - Allometric equations KW - National Forest Inventory KW - Stock-difference method Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4135 SN - 1381-2386 SN - 1573-1596 VL - 26 IS - 6 PB - Springer Netherlands ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Virano-Riquelme, Victoria A1 - Feger, Karl-Heinz A1 - Julich, Stefan T1 - Variation in Hydraulic Properties of Forest Soils in Temperate Climate Zones JF - Forests N2 - The structure of forests in temperate climates has been changing to ensure the resilience of trees. This change affects the local water balance. Knowledge of soil hydraulic properties (SHP) is essential to assess the water cycle in ecosystems. There is little knowledge about the impact of tree species on SHP and the water balance. Based on a compilation of 539 related studies we aimed at identifying the effects of tree species and age on SHP in temperate climates. However, most studies concentrated on soil biogeochemical properties, whereas only 256 studies focused on SHP. The literature presents no standard methods for assessing SHP and there is no knowledge of their variations in forests. We present a systematic overview of the current state of knowledge on variations in SHP based on forest type in temperate climates. We identify the gaps and weaknesses in the literature and the difficulties of evaluating the reviewed studies. More studies following standardised methodologies are needed to create a robust database for each forest type and soil texture. It would improve the assessment of the forest water balance through calibrated plot/site-scale process models. Such a database does not yet exist, but it would greatly improve the management and development of future forest ecosystems. KW - - KW - soil hydraulic properties KW - saturated hydraulic conductivity KW - bulk density KW - temperate forests Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3741 SN - 1999-4907 VL - 13 IS - 11 PB - MDPI ER - TY - GEN A1 - Scheid, A A1 - Hafner, J A1 - Hoffmann, H A1 - Kächele, Harald A1 - Sieber, S A1 - Rybak, C T1 - Fuelwood scarcity and its adaptation measures: an assessment of coping strategies applied by small-scale farmers in Dodoma region, Tanzania T2 - Environmental Research Letters N2 - In Tanzania, the majority of the rural population still relies on fuelwood as their major source of cooking energy. The adaptation measures of small-scale farmers in response to increasing fuelwood scarcity play a key role in altering the course of nutrition insecurity, environmental degradation, and economic instability. This study delivers a classification of coping strategies that does not exist in the literature. Furthermore, it analyses the adaptation measures applied by small-scale farmers in the semi-arid region of Dodoma district in response to fuelwood scarcity. A comparison between two case study sites provides information on the choice of adaptation measures by households. Overall, 28 coping strategies from 24 studies are identified, then differentiated into preventive and acute measures that are arranged into eight clusters. The classification is then used as a codebook to identify applied coping strategies at two case study sites. In total, 23 adaptation measures, including two strategies not cited in the literature, were identified through 39 household interviews. This suggests that the majority of coping strategies applied are independently from regional and social conditions. The majority of the strategies applied at the case study sites and described in the literature are acute measures that do not tackle the underlying problem triggering forest degradation. It is observed that the adaptation measures across the case study sites are widely congruent, thus showing that acute strategies are not replaced by preventive strategies but rather co-exist. KW - Tanzania KW - semi-arid region KW - fuelwood scarcity KW - coping strategy KW - adaptation measure KW - mproved cooking stoves KW - classification scheme Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3487 SN - 1748-9326 VL - 13 IS - 9 PB - IOP Publishing Ltd ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thevs, Niels A1 - Gombert, Alina Joana A1 - Strenge, Eva A1 - Lleshi, Roland A1 - Aliev, Kumar A1 - Emileva, Begaiym T1 - Tree Wind Breaks in Central Asia and Their Effects on Agricultural Water Consumption JF - Land N2 - Across Central Asia, agriculture largely depends on irrigation due to arid and semi-arid climatic conditions. Water is abstracted from rivers, which are largely fed by glacier melt. In the course of climate change, glaciers melt down so that a reduced glacier volume and reduced water runoffs are expected to be available for irrigation. Tree wind breaks are one option to reduce water consumption in irrigated agriculture and build resilience against climate change. This paper therefore assesses the water consumption of major crops in Kyrgyzstan and adjacent areas, i.e., cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), corn (Zea mays L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in combination with tree wind breaks. Crop water consumption was assessed through the Penman Monteith approach. Tree wind break types investigated were single rows from poplars (Populus spec.) and multiple rows with understory vegetation by elm (Ulmus minor L.) and poplar, respectively. Tree water consumption was determined through sapflow measurements. The seasonal reference evapotranspiration (ETo) for field crops was 876–995 mm without wind breaks and dropped to less than half through multiple row wind breaks with understory vegetation (50 m spacing). Tree water consumption was 1125–1558 mm for poplar and 435 mm for elm. Among the wind break crop systems, elm wind breaks resulted in the highest reductions of water consumption, followed by single row poplars, at spacing of 50 and 100 m, respectively. However, elm grows much slower than poplar, so poplars might be more attractive for farmers. Furthermore, single row wind breaks might by much easier to be integrated into the agrarian landscape as they consume less space. KW - agroforestry KW - Populus KW - Ulmus KW - cotton KW - corn KW - microclimate KW - evapotranspiration KW - irrigation Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3306 SN - 2073-445X VL - 8 IS - 11 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Straka, Tanja M. A1 - Wolf, Maritta A1 - Gras, Pierre A1 - Buchholz, Sascha A1 - Voigt, Christian C. T1 - Tree Cover Mediates the Effect of Artificial Light on Urban Bats JF - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution N2 - With urban areas growing worldwide, so does artificial light at night (ALAN) which negatively affects many nocturnal animals, including bats. The response of bats to ALAN ranges from some opportunistic species taking advantage of insect aggregations around street lamps, particularly those emitting ultraviolet (UV) light, to others avoiding lit areas at all. Tree cover has been suggested to mitigate the negative effects of ALAN on bats by shielding areas against light scatter. Here, we investigated the effect of tree cover on the relationship between ALAN and bats in Berlin, Germany. In particular, we asked if this interaction varies with the UV light spectrum of street lamps and also across urban bat species. We expected trees next to street lamps to block ALAN, making the adjacent habitat more suitable for all species, irrespective of the wavelength spectrum of the light source. Additionally, we expected UV emitting lights next to trees to attract insects and thus, opportunistic bats. In summer 2017, we recorded bat activity at 22 green open spaces in Berlin using automated ultrasonic detectors. We analyzed bat activity patterns and landscape variables (number of street lamps with and without UV light emission, an estimate of light pollution, and tree cover density around each recording site within different spatial scales) using generalized linear mixed-effects models with a negative binomial distribution. We found a species-specific response of bats to street lamps with and without UV light, providing a more detailed picture of ALAN impacts than simply total light radiance. Moreover, we found that dense tree cover dampened the negative effect of street lamps without UV for open-space foraging bats of the genera Nyctalus, Eptesicus, and Vespertilio, yet it amplified the already existing negative or positive effect of street lamps with or without UV on Pipistrellus pipistrellus, P. pygmaeus, and Myotis spp. Our study underpins the importance of minimizing artificial light at night close to vegetation, particularly for bats adapted to spatial complexity in the environment (i.e., clutter-adapted species), and to increase dense vegetation in urban landscape to provide, besides roosting opportunities, protection against ALAN for open-space foraging bats in city landscapes. KW - ALAN KW - bats KW - canopy cover KW - chiroptera KW - light-emitting diodes KW - trees KW - ultraviolet light KW - urban Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3273 SN - 2296-701X IS - 7 PB - Frontiers Media S.A. ER - TY - THES A1 - Klein, Alicia Linda T1 - Cross-border rail travel in Europe – Scenario analysis of factors influencing travel and booking decisions N2 - The research objective of this study was to derive short- to medium-term measures for actors along the customer journey that satisfy the needs of train travelers and promote the decision to travel by train. The aim is to gain an in-depth understanding of the socio-demographic characteristics of current cross-border travelers and their needs along the customer journey. Cross-border train journeys should be designed in a timely manner so that the touchpoints of the customer journey are designed to be traveler-friendly to have a positive impact on the travel and booking decision. This work is based on a purely qualitative research design with two different forms of data collection to be able to take the perspective of both the travelers and the actors in European rail transport. The qualitative research approach was tested in the run-up to this work in the form of a pre-test. This took the form of a qualitative semi-structured survey and was found to be suitable for the research objective and topic of this thesis. The findings were incorporated into the research of this thesis, which took the form of semi-structured qualitative interviews in cross-border trains in different regions of Europe. A total of 61 people were interviewed. The results of the interviews and other questions were then discussed in a qualitative focus group discussion with eleven stakeholders in European rail transport, which took place online. The results of the interviews and the focus group discussion were analyzed using MAXQDA software and a qualitative content analysis. The theoretical basis of the research is the customer journey, which describes the traveler's process and touchpoints and the influence of the traveler's needs on the travel and booking decision. To classify the customer journey, the methodology of scenario analysis is used to portray the current state and future possibilities of cross-border European rail travel. The results of this work show that cross-border train passengers are a diverse target group with a wide range of needs and expectations of cross-border train travel. They show that some needs are already being met in the current customer journey. Other needs are not yet met and offer great potential for optimization in European cross-border rail travel. Digital solutions can be particularly highlighted here, as they are currently accepted by most travelers and yet pose major challenges. Awareness of these challenges was emphasized by the stakeholders and addressing them was seen as a priority. Nevertheless, satisfying the needs is only possible if all stakeholders act in a traveler-oriented manner in all phases and touchpoints of the customer journey, so that the travel decision is favored for the train in the short and medium term. The research in this paper is limited in that it only looks at the phases of the customer journey that lead up to the travel and booking decision. However, the phase during the trip and after the trip are also essential for the implementation of the measures. There is a need for further research in an overall view of all actors and political decision-makers involved, from the infrastructure to after the trip, to analyze their influence on the travel and booking decision and to be able to specifically identify optimization potential. KW - train traveling KW - socio-demographics KW - cross-border traveling KW - customer needs KW - european rail transport Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-10099 ER - TY - THES A1 - Myers, Parker T1 - Exploring Transboundary Water Dependencies: Identifying the Berlin–Brandenburg Precipitationshed N2 - Developing a deeper understanding of the interconnected atmospheric systems distributing the Earth's water resources is critical for managing scarce water supplies and maintaining water security in a changing climate. This study identifies and analyzes Berlin–Brandenburg’s precipitationshed, the primary evaporative moisture sources contributing to regional rainfall, using the WAM2layers moisture tracking model with ERA5 reanalysis data for the period 2000–2024. By analyzing both seasonal patterns and interannual variability, including anomalous years marked by droughts and excessive rainfall, the study explores shifts in the balance between oceanic and terrestrial sources of moisture. Findings reveal a seasonally dynamic but stable precipitationshed: the North Atlantic Ocean dominates in winter, while terrestrial contributions from Germany, France, Poland, and the United Kingdom intensify during warmer months. Hydroclimatic extremes disrupt seasonal norms by reshaping the spatial distribution and relative intensity of key moisture sources, at times amplifying marine influence or reinforcing terrestrial recycling, depending on the nature and timing of the event. This is the first study to explicitly map Berlin–Brandenburg’s precipitationshed and assess the spatio-temporal consistency of its sources. The results highlight the need to embed atmospheric moisture transport considerations into transboundary water governance frameworks, recognizing that land-use decisions and ecosystem management in both local and distant source regions directly influence regional water availability. As climate variability intensifies, coordinated action across these spatially connected landscapes will be essential to safeguard long-term water security. N2 - Die Entwicklung eines tieferen Verständnisses der verbundenen atmosphärischen Systeme, die die Wasserressourcen der Erde verteilen, ist entscheidend für das Management begrenzter Wasservorräte und die Aufrechterhaltung der Wassersicherheit in einem sich wandelnden Klima. Diese Studie identifiziert und analysiert das Precipitationshed von Berlin–Brandenburg, die wichtigsten Verdunstungs Quellen, die zu den regionalen Niederschlägen beitragen, unter Verwendung des Feuchtigkeitsverfolgungsmodells WAM2layers mit ERA5 Reanalysedaten für den Zeitraum 2000–2024. Durch die Analyse sowohl saisonaler Muster als auch interannueller Variabilität, einschließlich anomaler Jahre, die durch Dürren und übermäßige Niederschläge gekennzeichnet sind, untersucht die Studie Verschiebungen im Gleichgewicht zwischen ozeanischen und terrestrischen Feuchtigkeitsquellen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen ein saisonal dynamisches, aber insgesamt stabiles Precipitationshed: Der Nordatlantik dominiert im Winter, während in den wärmeren Monaten die terrestrischen Beiträge aus Deutschland, Frankreich, Polen und dem Vereinigten Königreich zunehmen. Hydroklimatische Extreme stören die saisonalen Normen, indem sie die räumliche Verteilung und relative Intensität wichtiger Feuchtigkeitsquellen verändern und je nach Art und Zeitpunkt des Ereignisses entweder den marinen Einfluss verstärken oder die terrestrische Wiederverwertung intensivieren. Dies ist die erste Studie, die die Niederschlagsverteilung in Berlin-Brandenburg explizit kartiert und die räumlich-zeitliche Konsistenz ihrer Quellen bewertet. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit, Überlegungen zum atmosphärischen Feuchtigkeitstransport in grenzüberschreitende Wasserbewirtschaftungsrahmen einzubetten, wobei anerkannt wird, dass Landnutzungsentscheidungen und das Ökosystemmanagement sowohl in lokalen als auch in entfernten Quellregionen direkten Einfluss auf die regionale Wasserverfügbarkeit haben. Mit zunehmender klimatischer Variabilität wird eine koordinierte Zusammenarbeit über diese räumlich verbundenen Landschaften hinweg entscheidend sein, um die langfristige Wassersicherheit zu gewährleisten. KW - Precipitationshed KW - Atmospheric moisture transport KW - WAM2layers model KW - ERA5 reanalysis data KW - Berlin–Brandenburg region Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-10121 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Spies, Michael A1 - Zakirova, Aksana A1 - Zuberi, Mehwish A1 - Schick, Axel A1 - Alff, Henryk T1 - Participatory Strategy Development for Sustainable Biomass Production (PARSCO): A Practical Guide Using the MARISCO Toolbox N2 - This guide provides a structured methodology for developing and critically assessing strategies for sustainable food and biomass production through a participatory and systemic approach. It responds to the limitations of mainstream policies and strategies in agriculture and bioeconomy, which often prioritize technological solutions and lack bottom-up engagement of local stakeholders in knowledge-building and decision-making. The PARSCO methodology presented in this guidebook is an adaptation of the MARISCO toolbox (Adaptive MAnagement of vulnerability and RISk at COnservation sites) developed at the Centre for Econics and Ecosystem Management. It has been tailored to assess and improve food and biomass production systems based on local knowledge, diverse stakeholder perspectives, and a systemic situation analysis using knowledge mapping and multi-criteria analysis tools. PARSCO is a landscape-based method primarily designed for application in local or regional settings, involving a series of participatory workshops with local stakeholders. It was developed over a period of five years at Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development and tested in workshops with smallholder farmers and other local actors in rural Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and Pakistan. The guidebook serves as a step-by-step manual for practitioners, planners, and transdisciplinary researchers applying PARSCO in project planning, policy evaluation, and sustainable land management. It emphasizes the importance of systemic thinking—understanding the interconnectedness and complex dynamics of social-ecological systems—and participatory decision-making to ensure inclusive, effective, and context-specific solutions. As a standalone guidebook, it can also be used as a complementary resource to existing MARISCO guides by offering more detailed guidance on the facilitation of participatory processes. KW - participatory methods KW - knowledge co-creation KW - bioeconomy KW - agriculture KW - ecosystem management Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-9928 CY - Eberswalde ER - TY - GEN A1 - Molitor, Heike A1 - Krah, Jennifer A1 - Reimann, Julian A1 - Bellina, Leonie A1 - Bruns, Antonia ED - Krah, Jennifer ED - Bruns, Antonia ED - Molitor, Heike T1 - Designing future-oriented curricula. A practical guide for the curricular integration of higher education for sustainable development. N2 - In order to meet the global challenge of shaping sustainable development, the com-petencies of education for sustainable development (ESD) are needed as key skills for all relevant professions. This approach is expressed in the UNESCO program “ESD-2030” (National Action Plan On Education For Sustainable Development (NAP) 2017), which is the roadmap for integrating ESD in the education sector. The inte-gration of ESD in the framework documents relevant to higher education is support-ed by the working group “Sustainability at Brandenburg Universities”. This guide on the curricular integration of higher education for sustainable development (HESD) is a contribution to capacity building at Brandenburg's universities. KW - Education for sustainable development KW - Higher education KW - Sustainability Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8118 SP - 1 EP - 41 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kamamia, Ann W. A1 - Strauch, Michael A1 - Mwangi, Hosea M. A1 - Feger, Karl-Heinz A1 - Sang, Joseph A1 - Julich, Stefan T1 - Modelling crop production, river low flow, and sediment load trade-offs under agroforestry land-use scenarios in Nyangores catchment, Kenya JF - Frontiers in Forests and Global Change N2 - The largest impact of land-use change on catchment hydrology can be linked to deforestation. This change, driven by exponential population growth, intensified food and industrial production, has resulted in alterations in river flow regimes such as high peaks, reduced base flows, and silt deposition. To reverse this trend more extensive management practices are becoming increasingly important, but can also lead to severe losses in agricultural production. Land-use optimization tools can help catchment managers to explore numerous land-use configurations for the evaluation of trade-offs amongst various uses. In this study, the Soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model was coupled with a genetic algorithm to identify land-use/management configurations with minimal trade-offs between environmental objectives (reduced sediment load, increased stream low flow) and the crop yields of maize and soybean in Nyangores catchment (Kenya). During the land-use optimization, areas under conventional agriculture could either remain as they are or change to agroforestry or conservation agriculture (CA), where the latter was represented by introducing contour farming and vegetative filter strips. From the sets of the resulting Pareto-optimal solutions we selected mid-range solutions, representing a fair compromise among all objectives, for further analysis. We found that a combined measure implementation strategy (agroforestry on certain sites and conservation agriculture on other sites within the catchment) proved to be superior over single measure implementation strategies. On the catchment scale, a 3.6% change to forests combined with a 35% change to CA resulted in highly reduced sediment loads (−78%), increased low flow (+14%) and only slightly decreased crop yields (<4%). There was a tendency of the genetic algorithm to implement more extensive management practices in the upper part of the catchment while leaving conventional agriculture in the lower part. Our study shows that a spatially targeted implementation strategy for different conservation management practices can remarkably improve environmental sustainability with only marginal trade-offs in crop production at the catchment-level. Incentive policies such as payments for ecosystem services (PES), considering upstream and downstream stakeholders, could offer a practical way to effect these changes. KW - - KW - sustainability KW - multi-objectives KW - ecosystem services KW - agroforestry KW - sediment load KW - CoMOLA KW - Pareto optimization KW - land-use configurations Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3831 SN - 2624-893X VL - 5 PB - Frontiers Media S.A. ER - TY - CHAP ED - Spies, Michael ED - Alff, Henryk ED - Raab, Christoph ED - Zakirova, Aksana ED - Zuberi, Mehwish T1 - Sustainable Food and Biomass Futures? Localised Approaches to Agricultural Change and Bioeconomy N2 - In recent decades, the global demand for food and biomass has been increasing, while natural resources continue to deplete and are further stressed by the impacts of climate change. Additionally, rising energy and input costs have pushed agricultural production to its limits, placing farming communities in an increasingly precarious position. This volume presents a collection of papers that challenge us to reconsider existing agri-food and farming systems from a local perspective, and to explore alternative, more sustainable production approaches. The volume is structured around four key themes. The first theme scrutinizes agricultural modernization, with a particular focus on technological innovations and monoculture-based agricultural production. The second theme centres on the political-economic dynamics and local challenges. The third theme assesses participatory methods for knowledge production on processes of agrarian change across various regional settings. Finally, the fourth theme explores alternative production systems that are socially and ecologically sustainable, offering potential solutions for reshaping agricultural systems under pressure. KW - Biomasse KW - Ländliche Entwicklung KW - Biolandwirtschaft KW - Bioökonomie Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8371 VL - 2024 CY - Eberswalde ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kereselidze, M. A1 - Pilarska, D. A1 - Ujmajuridze, L. A1 - Linde, Andreas A1 - Guntadze, N. A1 - Hajek, A. T1 - Seasonal prevalence of Nosema maddoxi infection in Halyomorpha halys, an invasive pest of hazelnut orchards in Georgia T2 - Acta Horticulturae N2 - The prevalence of the microsporidium Nosema maddoxi in populations of brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys) from three sites in Guria and eight sites in Samegrelo, Georgia is described. Investigations were conducted on adults collected in fall and spring from fall 2020 to spring 2022. The prevalence of infection differed by both region and season. Total prevalence of N. maddoxi in adults from the Guria region was significantly higher than the Samegrelo region. Infection levels in fall were higher than in the spring in the Guria region, but inconsistent over seasons in the Samegrelo region. Infection levels did not differ by sex. We hypothesize that higher population densities and more adult aggregation in Guria compared with Samegrelo helps to explain the higher infection levels in Guria. KW - invasive species; microsporidia; entomopathogen; biological control; Hemiptera Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8283 SP - 449 EP - 454 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gan, Lu A1 - Halik, Ümüt A1 - Shi, Lei A1 - Welp, Martin T1 - Multi-scenario dynamic prediction of ecological risk assessment in an arid area of northwest China JF - Ecological Indicators N2 - Ecological security is essential for the development of environmental health and human society. However, the driving mechanisms and spatial non-stationarity of ecological risks are still unknown, particularly in arid areas. Thus, this study constructed an ecological risk index (ERI) research framework in arid areas based on land use and socio-economic data from 1980 to 2020 to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution trend, driving mechanisms, and spatial non-stationarity of ecological risk and predict the ecological risk under business-as-usual, economic development, and ecological protection scenarios using a patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model. The results show that: (1) cropland and build-up land were expanding, whereas forestland and grassland water bodies were shrinking. Compared with the two development stages from 1980 to 2000 and from 2000 to 2020, cropland increased by 4.73% and 51.52%, respectively, whereas build-up land increased by 12.64% and 106.52%, respectively, indicating rapid development and drastic changes in the past 20 years. (2) With the change in landscape diversity, the regional ecological risks showed an increasing trend, whereas the future ecological risks showed an increasing trend because of the cumulative effect of landscape pattern changes caused by human activities. (3) Moreover, dramatic changes in ecological risk, particularly in areas of intense human activity in build-up land, agricultural land, artificial oases, and mountainous areas. Corresponding to the analysis of driving mechanisms, population, GDP, distance to government, water, and primary roads; have a significant effect on ecological risk, whereas DEM has direct and indirect effect paths. Ultimately, the proposed analysis framework can present the spatiotemporal changes of ecological risks and their influencing mechanisms, which can help develop sustainable development policies. KW - Ecological risk assessment; Driving factors; Scenario simulations; Arid areas Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8274 VL - 154 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wolff, Ian A1 - Lenz, Claudia A1 - Panitz, Michael A1 - Pfriem, Alexander T1 - Chart for the Core Objectives of Data Publishing within Technical Infrastructure for Research Data Management N2 - Academic data stewardship at universities has to fulfil many different roles. One of the most important is to build up a connection to researchers and bridge the gap between research data infrastructure and researchers. Different scientific communities have different requirements for research data management and expectations regarding text and data publication. In many of the sub-disciplines of engineering sciences, research data management practices are not established so far. When it comes to contact between data stewards and researchers, a common knowledge base has to be established to become clear about why and what actions for research data management has to take, that engineering researchers can adapt them for their research data management practices. Many research data management standards have to take into consideration. However, to this point of time, the research data management community lacks for data literacy graphics to explain how the technical data management ecosystem works together with standards like the findability, accessibility, interoperability and reuse (FAIR) principles. Therefore, we developed a graphic for data literacy and consulting scenarios. KW - data literacy; research data management; engineering sciences; chart Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8240 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lenz, Claudia A1 - Wolff, Ian A1 - Beyer, Mario A1 - Koch, Gerald A1 - Pfriem, Alexander T1 - DMP: Predictability of color changes of wood used indoor - A new approach to evaluate the colour change as a function of the radiation dose. Research Data Management Questionnaire N2 - This is a data management plan for the DFG research project "Predictability of color changes of wood used indoor - A new approach to evaluate the color change as a function of the radiation dose". DFG Funding code / Project number: 442135169 Project website: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/442135169?language=en This data management plan (DMP) applies to the Research Data Management Organizer (RDMO) questionnaire and was operated with the RDMO software: https://rdmorganiser.github.io/en/ KW - data management plan; wood; radiation dose; photo-induced color changes; chromophore; natural and artificial irradiation; European wood species; interior; sunlight exposure; physics; chemistry; spectroscopic measurement methods Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8237 N1 - Version 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kandel, Giri Prasad A1 - Bavorova, Miroslava A1 - Ullah, Ayat A1 - Kächele, Harald A1 - Pradhan, Prajal T1 - Building resilience to climate change: Examining the impact of agro-ecological zones and social groups on sustainable development JF - Sustainable Development N2 - Nepal is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change, which is negatively affecting agricultural production and food security. However, the role of agro-ecological zones and social groups in climate change adaptation (CCA) and its impact on smallholder farmers in Nepal remains unexplored. To fill this gap, this study aimed to identify the effect of agro-ecological zones and social groups on smallholder farmers' adaptation to climate change using the multivariate probit model. Multistage sampling was used to collect data from 400 households in three agro-ecological zones of Nepal. These zones were highland (mountainous region), midland (hilly region) and lowland (terai/plain region). The results of our study showed that farmers in the Mountain region are more likely to adopt off-farm activities and temporary migration as a CCA strategy than those in the Terai/plain agro-ecological zone. In the Terai/Plain, farmers mainly adopt small-scale irrigation and agroforestry. In terms of social groups, the Brahmin group was more likely to adopt new crop varieties and small-scale irrigation than the Sudra group. The Sudra farmers preferred temporary migration and off-farm activities more than the Brahmins. Our study shows that policies to promote the adoption of CCA strategies need to take into account location and social group differences in order to improve the adaptive capacity of the most vulnerable farmers. Mountain and Sudra farmers need support to adapt to climate change and sustain agriculture. KW - agro-ecological zones KW - climate change KW - multivariate probit model KW - social groups KW - sustainable development Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8226 SN - 0968-0802 VL - 31 IS - 5 SP - 3796 EP - 3810 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Madaki, Mustapha Yakubu A1 - Lehberger, Mira A1 - Bavorova, Miroslava A1 - Igbasan, Boluwatife Teniola A1 - Kächele, Harald T1 - Effectiveness of pesticide stakeholders’ information on pesticide handling knowledge and behaviour of smallholder farmers in Ogun State, Nigeria JF - Environment, Development and Sustainability N2 - Although pesticides ensure the quality and quantity of agricultural produce, they have adverse effects on farmers, their families, and consumers. Therefore, in order to reduce the unpleasant effects of pesticide use, stakeholders would be well advised to extend guidance and precautions to end users. The objective of this study was to determine the pesticide handling behaviour and the effectiveness of pesticide information on pesticide handling knowledge and personal protective equipment (PPE) use among farmers in southwest Nigeria. One hundred and fifty-six farmers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire in December 2019 and January 2020. The results revealed that a one-third of the farmers dispose their pesticide residues on the field, only 3% of the farmers dispose the hazardous pesticide waste at a collection point, and 65% of them dispose the empty containers indiscriminately. The majority of farmers never use respirators (79%), hats (60%), and boots (57%) when applying pesticides. Knowledge of pesticide application and waste management is low (58% of respondents scored less than 10 on a knowledge scale of 0–14). The result of the regression model shows that information from pesticide labels and farmer-to-farmer exchanges significantly increase farmers’ knowledge of pesticide handling and PPE use. Our results suggest that the effectiveness of current information provision to smallholder farmers on the correct use of pesticides is not sufficient. Therefore, we highlight the need for pesticide companies, distributors, and government agencies to intensify and further develop their efforts to empower smallholder farmers to improve their knowledge and use of pesticides. KW - Pesticide handling; Personal protective equipment; Pesticide information sources; Pesticide labels Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8213 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tietze, Nikola A1 - Gerhold, Lars A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. T1 - Policy narratives in forest fire management T2 - Environmental Research Letters N2 - As the risk of forest fires increases around the globe, the issues of how to control, suppress, and prevent them are the subjects of growing public and political attention. This study focuses on the political debate in Germany regarding forest fires and provides insights into the conceptualization of forest fires and forest fire management at the federal and state policymaking levels. By examining forest fire narratives through the policy lens, this case study takes an exemplary extreme weather event exacerbated by climate change as an opportunity to examine the policy response to this problem. In this way, we examine the role of policy narratives in civil and environmental protection and disaster management. The findings reveal that all politicians examined in this study agree that forest fire management is an urgent matter that needs to be supported. In the prevailing human-centered narrative, policymakers see active forest management and use as tools to improve forest resilience to fire and other calamities. Those who advocate a nature-based narrative assert that it is natural processes in protected forest areas that most effectively enhance resilience. The policy solutions derived from these views include financial support, recognition of the work of foresters, forest fire managers, and civil protection agencies as well as, depending on the type of narrative argument favored, either increased forest management or improved protection of forest ecologies. This suggests that narrative analysis may illuminate the rationales underlying previous policy decisions and the framework for future ones. This contribution throws light on how narratives shape policymaking and, by extension, disaster management. Future studies should therefore take into account the influence of prevailing narratives when it comes to evaluating the potential that policymaking can offer for disaster management in the future. KW - policymaking; forest fire management; narratives; decision-making; forest fire Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8193 SN - 1748-9326 VL - 18 PB - IOP Publishing Ltd ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Donmez, Cenk A1 - Schmidt, Marcus A1 - Cilek, Ahmet A1 - Grosse, Meike A1 - Paul, Carsten A1 - Hierold, Wilfried A1 - Helming, Katharina T1 - Climate change impacts on long-term field experiments in Germany JF - Agricultural Systems N2 - CONTEXT Long-Term Field Experiments (LTEs) were implemented to study the long-term effects of different management practices, including tillage, fertilization and crop rotation under otherwise constant conditions. Climate change is expected to change these conditions, challenging interpretation of LTE data with regard to the distinction between climate change and management effects. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to quantify the expected, spatially differentiated changes of agroclimatic conditions for the German LTE sites as a precondition for modelling and LTE data interpretation. METHODS We developed a framework combining spatially distributed climate data and LTE metadata to identify the possible climatic changes at 247 LTE sites with experiments running for 20 years or more. The LTEs were classified using the following categories: fertilization, tillage, crop rotation, field crops or grassland, conventional or organic. We utilized climate variables (temperature, precipitation) and agroclimatic indicators (aridity, growing degree days, etc.) to compare a baseline (1971–2000) with future periods (2021−2100) under the IPCC's Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSP). A comprehensive LTE risk assessment was conducted, based on changes in climate variables and agroclimatic indicators between baseline and future scenarios. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Under the most extreme scenario (SSP585), 150 LTEs are expected to shift from humid and dry sub-humid to semi-arid conditions. Frost days in LTE areas are expected to decline by 81%, and the growing season to lengthen by up to 92%. The spatial differentiation of expected climate change also facilitates the identification of suitable sites for future agricultural practices and may inform the design of new LTEs. SIGNIFICANCE Our results may guide the interpretation of LTE data regarding the effect of climate change, facilitating future soil crop modelling studies with LTE data and providing information for planning new LTE sites to support future agricultural research and/or adapting management on existing LTE sites. The framework we developed can easily be transferred to LTE sites in agricultural regions worldwide to support LTE research on climate change impacts and adaptation. KW - Long-term field experiments; Climate change; Agriculture; Soil quality; Agroclimatic indicators; Crop modelling Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8150 IS - 205 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paul, Carsten A1 - Bartkowski, Bartosz A1 - Dönmez, Cenk A1 - Don, Axel A1 - Mayer, Stefanie A1 - Steffens, Markus A1 - Weigl, Sebastian A1 - Wiesmeier, Martin A1 - Wolf, André A1 - Helming, Katharina T1 - Carbon farming: Are soil carbon certificates a suitable tool for climate change mitigation? JF - Journal of Environmental Management N2 - Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in agricultural soils removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and contributes towards achieving carbon neutrality. For farmers, higher SOC levels have multiple benefits, including increased soil fertility and resilience against drought-related yield losses. However, increasing SOC levels requires agricultural management changes that are associated with costs. Private soil carbon certificates could compensate for these costs. In these schemes, farmers register their fields with commercial certificate providers who certify SOC increases. Certificates are then sold as voluntary emission offsets on the carbon market. In this paper, we assess the suitability of these certificates as an instrument for climate change mitigation. From a soils' perspective, we address processes of SOC enrichment, their potentials and limits, and options for cost-effective measurement and monitoring. From a farmers’ perspective, we assess management options likely to increase SOC, and discuss their synergies and trade-offs with economic, environmental and social targets. From a governance perspective, we address requirements to guarantee additionality and permanence while preventing leakage effects. Furthermore, we address questions of legitimacy and accountability. While increasing SOC is a cornerstone for more sustainable cropping systems, private carbon certificates fall short of expectations for climate change mitigation as permanence of SOC sequestration cannot be guaranteed. Governance challenges include lack of long-term monitoring, problems to ensure additionality, problems to safeguard against leakage effects, and lack of long-term accountability if stored SOC is re-emitted. We conclude that soil-based private carbon certificates are unlikely to deliver the emission offset attributed to them and that their benefit for climate change mitigation is uncertain. Additional research is needed to develop standards for SOC change metrics and monitoring, and to better understand the impact of short term, non-permanent carbon removals on peaks in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations and on the probability of exceeding climatic tipping points. KW - Carbon sequestration KW - Emission offset KW - CDR KW - Permanence KW - Agriculture KW - Private governance Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8140 SN - 0301-4797 IS - 330 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reckling, Moritz A1 - Watson, Christine A. A1 - Whitbread, Anthony A1 - Helming, Katharina T1 - Diversification for sustainable and resilient agricultural landscape systems JF - Agronomy for Sustainable Development N2 - This virtual issue comprises papers that address diversification for providing sustainable solutions at different scales from cropping and grassland to food systems. The authors investigated processes in case studies at the landscape scale where synergies and trade-offs between social and environmental objectives become the most tangible. Contributions from all continents highlighted regional specificities related to diversification and include research from natural and social sciences, with inter- and transdisciplinary approaches including synthesis of knowledge (reviews), empirical studies with experiments as well as assessments with interviews in case studies: Model-based design of crop diversification, the role of digitalization for achieving sustainability in the European context, ecological engineering for rice pest suppression in China, the role of cereal species mixtures in Ethiopian smallholder farmers, diversified planting in arid irrigation areas in northwestern China, integration of legumes in European and Canadian cropping systems, screening of native forage legumes for northern Swedish grassland systems, cropping system diversification of smallholder farmers in south-central Bangladesh, identification of how farmers imagine diversified landscapes in southern Idaho in the US, farm diversification affecting impacts from COVID-19 across Europe, the role of diversified farming in Mato Grosso Brazil, diversification and soil management measures in Germany, value chain formation for the scaling of crop diversification, and the design process with farmers and scientists for the transition toward legume-supported farming in Europe. A key finding from these examples is that agricultural intensification has led to the simplification of cropping systems and landscapes in terms of species diversity and ecosystem function. To instead move towards sustainable transformation, all system levels (i.e. from the plot, farm, landscape, governance and overall food systems) need to interact and reinforce each other for diversification to deliver the desired outcomes. KW - Co-design; Crop-livestock systems; Food system; Legumes; Transformation Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8135 SN - 1773-0155 VL - 43 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Strauss, Veronika A1 - Paul, Carsten A1 - Dönmez, Cenk A1 - Löbmann, Michael A1 - Helming, Katharina T1 - Sustainable soil management measures: a synthesis of stakeholder recommendations JF - Agronomy for Sustainable Development N2 - Soil degradation threatens agricultural production and soil multifunctionality. Efforts for private and public governance are increasingly emerging to leverage sustainable soil management. They require consensus across science, policy, and practice about what sustainable soil management entails. Such agreement does not yet exist to a sufficient extent in agronomic terms; what is lacking is a concise list of soil management measures that enjoy broad support among all stakeholders, and evidence on the question what hampers their implementation by farmers. We therefore screened stakeholder documents from public governance institutions, nongovernmental organizations, the agricultural industry, and conventional and organic farmer associations for recommendations related to agricultural soil management in Germany. Out of 46 recommended measures in total, we compiled a shortlist of the seven most consensual ones: (1) structural landscape elements, (2) organic fertilization, (3) diversified crop rotation, (4) permanent soil cover, (5) conservation tillage, (6) reduced soil loads, and (7) optimized timing of wheeling. Together, these measures support all agricultural soil functions, and address all major soil threats except soil contamination. Implementation barriers were identified with the aid of an online survey among farmers (n = 78). Results showed that a vast majority of farmers (> 80%) approved of all measures. Barriers were mostly considered to be economic and in some cases technological, while missing knowledge or other factors were less relevant. Barriers were stronger for those measures that cannot be implemented in isolation, but require a systemic diversification of the production system. This is especially the case for measures that are simultaneously beneficial to many soil functions (measures 2, 3, and 4). Results confirm the need for a diversification of the agricultural system in order to meet challenges of food security and climate change. The shortlist presents the first integrative compilation of sustainable soil management measures supporting the design of effective public or private governance. KW - Agriculture in transition; Diversification in agriculture; Soil functions; Soil health; Sustainable soil management; Stakeholder recommendations Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8129 VL - 43 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Voglhuber-Slavinsky, Ariane A1 - Lemke, Nahleen A1 - MacPherson, Joseph A1 - Dönitz, Ewa A1 - Olbrisch, Mathias A1 - Schöbel, Philipp A1 - Moller, Björn A1 - Bahrs, Enno A1 - Helming, Katharina T1 - Valorization for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in the Agri-Food Value Chain JF - Environmental Management N2 - This article defines the term valorization of biodiversity and ecosystem services (BES) measures, as distinguished from their valuation, and underpins it with an assessment of private valorization examples along the agri-food value chain. Valorization incentivizes measures for promoting BES, while valuation refers to its quantification. Valuation can be a step of valorization but is not indispensable. In scientific literature, the terms valorization and valuation are often used interchangeably. In addition, there is a lack of research on private options versus conventional, public policy options. Therefore, we searched for private valorization options primarily in public sources (gray literature and websites). This led to the identification of four clusters (markets for voluntary services, labeling, and certification, environmental management/CSR, and tradable permits and quotas). Based on these clusters the options were assessed from a legal and systems dynamics perspective. In addition, the viability of selected valorization options in different future scenarios was examined. The analysis revealed a wide range of private valorization options, which in contrast to public policy options that focus almost entirely on the production stage, are spread across the agri-food value chain. Their suitability differs under different future scenarios, legal and systems conditions. KW - Biodiversity; Ecosystem services; Valorization; Value chain; Foresight; Private valorization options Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8104 VL - 72 IS - 6 SP - 1163 EP - 1188 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Purfürst, Thomas A1 - de Miguel-Díez, Felipe A1 - Berendt, Ferréol A1 - Engler, Benjamin A1 - Cremer, Tobias T1 - Comparison of wood stack volume determination between manual, photo-optical, iPad-LiDAR and handheld-LiDAR based measurement methods JF - iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry N2 - The measurement of roadside wood stacks in the forest still plays an important role in many forestry operations. Traditional manual measuring methods can be laborious, inaccurate and error-prone. Therefore, the issue is whether 2.5D or 3D optical remote sensing measuring methods provide more precise or detailed results and advantages in further data processing. This study examined and partly developed nine different manual, photo-optical, iPad®-LiDAR and handheld laser scanner-LiDAR-based wood stack measurement methods. Forty-seven wood stacks, ranging from 8.9 to 209.3 m3 (totalling approximately 2700 m3), were measured and compared using these nine methods. All the methods give volume estimations, and none can be seen to give the real or true wood stack gross volume. Surprisingly, the results varied significantly within and between the individual methods, with up to a 9% mean relative deviation. The relative deviation is strongly dependent on the size of the wood stack. The 3D measurement methods using iPad® RGB and LiDAR recorded lower timber volumes than the other methods, in contrast to the method based on samples taken with handheld laser scanner-LiDAR, which overestimated the volume. Generally, optical- and laser-based surveying techniques could be more widely applied in measuring wood stacks in the future. However, such automatic wood stack gross volume determination approaches still face some challenges, regarding accuracy in the case of the 2.5D methods and the lack of automatisation in the case of 3D methods. Consequently, further research is required in the near future. KW - iPad LiDAR; Wood Stack Volume; 3D Volume; Photo-optical Measurement; Personal Laser Scanner; SLAM; RVR Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8062 SN - 1971-7458 VL - 16 IS - 4 SP - 243 EP - 252 PB - Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Greischel, Eva A1 - Nagy, Emilia A1 - Conrad, Alexander A1 - Schäfer, Martina T1 - Social logistics: Rethinking public transport as a regional distributor of goods in rural areas. Chances for the long-term establishment of a sustainable regional logistics approach JF - Raumforschung und Raumordnung N2 - This paper presents initial findings on the establishment of a social logistics project in a peripheral rural region in Germany. As part of a real-life laboratory, two services were developed and tested with the aim of improving rural supply: the delivery of regional goods and the return of online orders in cooperation with a regional public transport provider, regional retailers and parcel services. An evaluation team provided support to the project in identifying, monitoring, and documenting the societal impact of the services and promoted impact-oriented project management. The concept of providing services of general interest through social logistics and testing them in a real-world laboratory was based on preliminary work in the region. The results indicate that this approach can promote this type of social logistics in the long term. A social logistics approach does not focus solely on economic aspects but emphasises social and environmental benefits for the region. A real-world laboratory approach enables an environment that promotes open exchange, involvement of different stakeholders and joint problem solving in a reflective, iterative process. This methodological approach enabled the continuation and out-scaling of the service’s core offerings immediately after ending the test phase and is seen as an important prerequisite for establishing a long-term perspective. KW - Social Logistics; Rural Areas; Regional Economics; Social Innovations; Real-World Laboratory Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8032 SN - 0034-0111 PB - oekom Verlag ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arrekhi, Armin A1 - Niknahad Gharmakher, Hamid A1 - Bachinger, Johann A1 - Bloch, Ralf T1 - Investigation of Feasibility and Effect of Alternative Farming System on the Grain Yield of Barley and Forage Production in Western Semi-arid Region of Golestan Province, Iran JF - Journal of Rangeland Science N2 - One of the major challenges in semi-arid regions of Iran is to supply the adequate forage for livestock and meanwhile prevent the destruction of rangelands due to overgrazing. Therefore, this study aimed to compare three cropping systems of barley using Salsola turcomanica (ST), and Chrysopogon zizanioides (CZ) in three treatments of barley+ST, barley+ST+CZ and mono-culture of barley. Two-year field trials data were collected from November 2018 to October 2020 in two experimental sites using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The results of analysis of variance over two years indicated that the effects of year, location, and year by location interaction were significant (p<0.01) for all of barley’s yield components. Mixed cropping of barley with other species had no negative effect on barley traits such as grain yield, straw yield and harvest index. In addition, the mixed cropping of barley+ST and barley+ST+CZ in the first year produced 2.5 t/ha more forage yield than that mono-culture of barley. This was due to high production of Salsola (ST), in mixed cropping. In both years, yield of Salsola production was about 25% of whole produced biomass. Drastic reduction in rainfall in the second year reduced the obtained yield; so, there was no significant difference among three cropping systems in the second year. However, cropping systems of barley+ST and barley+ST+CZ produced about 1 t/ha more forage than that for the mono-culture of barley. Mixed cropping of barley +ST+CZ did not affect yield components of barley. Mixed cropping of barley with Salsola turcomanica could guarantee soil cover throughout the year and is recommended for forage production in rangeland in Iran. KW - Barley; Salsola turcomanica; Chrysopogon zizanioides; Mixed cropping Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8022 SN - 2008-9996 VL - 13 IS - 2 SP - 155 EP - 167 PB - IA University, Borujerd Branch ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mouratiadou, Ioanna A1 - Lemke, Nahleen A1 - Chen, Cheng A1 - Wartenberg, Ariani A1 - Bloch, Ralf A1 - Donat, Marco A1 - Gaiser, Thomas A1 - Hanike Basavegowda, Deepak A1 - Helming, Katharina A1 - Ali Hosseini Yekani, Seyed A1 - Krull, Marcos A1 - Lingemann, Kai A1 - Macpherson, Joseph A1 - Melzer, Marvin A1 - Nendel, Claas A1 - Piorr, Annette A1 - Shaaban, Mostafa A1 - Zander, Peter A1 - Weltzien, Cornelia A1 - Bellingrath-Kimura, Sonoko Dorothea T1 - The Digital Agricultural Knowledge and Information System (DAKIS): Employing digitalisation to encourage diversified and multifunctional agricultural systems JF - Environmental Science and Ecotechnology N2 - Multifunctional and diversified agriculture can address diverging pressures and demands by simultaneously enhancing productivity, biodiversity, and the provision of ecosystem services. The use of digital technologies can support this by designing and managing resource-efficient and context-specific agricultural systems. We present the Digital Agricultural Knowledge and Information System (DAKIS) to demonstrate an approach that employs digital technologies to enable decision-making towards diversified and sustainable agriculture. To develop the DAKIS, we specified, together with stakeholders, requirements for a knowledge-based decision-support tool and reviewed the literature to identify limitations in the current generation of tools. The results of the review point towards recurring challenges regarding the consideration of ecosystem services and biodiversity, the capacity to foster communication and cooperation between farmers and other actors, and the ability to link multiple spatiotemporal scales and sustainability levels. To overcome these challenges, the DAKIS provides a digital platform to support farmers' decision-making on land use and management via an integrative spatiotemporally explicit approach that analyses a wide range of data from various sources. The approach integrates remote and in situ sensors, artificial intelligence, modelling, stakeholder-stated demand for biodiversity and ecosystem services, and participatory sustainability impact assessment to address the diverse drivers affecting agricultural land use and management design, including natural and agronomic factors, economic and policy considerations, and socio-cultural preferences and settings. Ultimately, the DAKIS embeds the consideration of ecosystem services, biodiversity, and sustainability into farmers' decision-making and enables learning and progress towards site-adapted small-scale multifunctional and diversified agriculture while simultaneously supporting farmers' objectives and societal demands. KW - Digital agriculture KW - Ecosystem services KW - Decision support system KW - Farming practices KW - Biodiversity KW - Modelling KW - Small-scale management Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8012 SN - 2666-4984 VL - 16 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zakirova, Aksana A1 - Alff, Henryk A1 - Schmidt, Matthias T1 - Cash crop or food crop? socioeconomic and geopolitical factors affecting smallholder farmer crop selection in times of crisis in southwestern Tajikistan JF - Frontiers in Agronomy N2 - Tajikistan's agricultural sector, primarily dominated by cotton cultivation, has experienced significant changes since the Soviet era. Although farmers introduced food crops into agricultural production to ensure food security after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the government still mandates that cotton cultivation occupy a considerable portion of Tajikistan's limited irrigated land. However, following the recent Covid-19 pandemic crisis, farmers have encountered the need to reassess their agricultural practices, given constrained governmental assistance and a range of socioeconomic considerations. This research adopts resilience as a conceptual framework to examine the coping strategies of smallholder farmers in the Khatlon region of Tajikistan, with a specific emphasis on the period spanning from 2019 to 2022. At the outset, our research employed the snowballing technique to increase respondent participation, later transitioning to a representative sample size that facilitated the collection of qualitative data from around 100 semi-structured interviews, 10 focus groups, and personal visits to agricultural fields over the course of four years. The paper not only demonstrates the overall creativity of Tajikistani farmers in growing and selecting non-cotton crops in this most recent period of crisis, but also points to wealthier farmers’ generally greater willingness to adopt technological innovations and gain new knowledge to apply to them. Although these strategies have been taken in order to address farmers’ immediate needs in troubled times against the backdrop of the existing state cotton policy, their sustainability remains uncertain. While the qualitative focus of this study bears certain inherent limitations, the data collected nevertheless show that this period of crisis has been generative for many farmers as they seek out new methods of subsistence. KW - resilience; coping strategies; subsistence; post-Soviet; Covid-19; Central Asia Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7972 SN - 2673-3218 IS - 5 PB - Frontiers ER - TY - THES A1 - Smigielski, Jan T1 - Analysis of Point-Dendrometer Measurements in the Digital Forest Lab Haselberg: Evaluation of a Research Design for a Data-Based Model on Tree-Environment Cause-Effect Relationships N2 - Direct impacts of environmental conditions on tree individuals and their respective responses are often only visible after long-term observation and through evaluation of damages or growth development. The temporal lag between environmental impacts and visible tree response can lead to a lack of understanding for the consequences of human actions and management decisions, especially in the perspective of drastically changing climatic conditions through climate change. This study aims to establish a research setup, which can deliver data on the impacts of environmental parameters on tree-physiology parameters. It examines whether the constructed research setup can deliver sufficient data to display cause-effect relationships between the parameters. Detected correlations could be used to create a data-based model, which can make the research results accessible and visible for users. For this purpose, stem radius fluctuations of multiple individuals of Fagus sylvatica were measured in micrometer resolution with point-dendrometers in a research area located at the Digital Forest Lab Haselberg. Stem radius changes can be traced back to either growth processes or tree-water movements. The data was processes based on the Zero-Growth concept by Roman Zweifel et al. with the R-package treenetproc and tested for correlations. The results showed correlations between environmental parameters and tree-physiology parameters but varied for seasonal and trend components of analyzed time series. Rising temperatures and connected environmental parameters showed a decreasing effect on stem radiuses on a daily basis but correlated positive with growth and stem radius expansion overall. A clear diurnal pattern was detected, induced by day-and-night-cycle of the environmental parameters, which influenced tree parameters and caused a similar pattern. While correlations were confirmed, trees showed differing behavior in their response to environmental conditions, which could not be fully explained within the current research setup. Further research in an enhanced setup is necessary to deliver satisfying answers and to create a reliable model, which can be utilized as an interactive user-experience in the Digital Forest Lab Haselberg, to foster understanding for the ecological impacts of changing environmental conditions. KW - Data-Based Model; Digital Forest Lab Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7942 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Göttert, Thomas A1 - Currie, Bianca A1 - Backa, Valentin A1 - Feldenz, Laura A1 - Klaver, Michael A1 - Markides, Yasmin A1 - Munting, Enya A1 - Rolfes, Oliver T1 - Framing growth: Exploring the transformative power of photography for students N2 - This discussion paper aims to shed light on the benefits and value of photography from a student perspective. The starting point and central element of this paper are reflections from selected students representing the field of environmental sciences. Students contribute as co authors of this paper. The student co authors were asked by the lead authors to share their experiences with photography. The lead authors analysed these reflections using a grounded theory approach. On this basis, we were able to identify four key areas that are of particular importance: 1) learning, 2) skills development, 3) communication, and 4) personal development. In addition we considered the limitations and challenges in the use of photography for students, ethical aspects to be considered when using photography in the context of science and education and student advice for educators. The lead authors’ interpretation and enrichment of the student reflections led to interesting trains of thought, which are brought to light in our discussion. Our paper highlights the importance of viewing the subject of photography from diverse perspectives. By doing so, various insight and outlier perspectives emerged that were not expected. The student experiences underline the importance of the close connection between learning and emotional recall. In particular, the topic of personal development and the aspect of joy and fun in the context of photography were highlighted. It also became clear that the students' point of view emphasized the process of taking photographs and sometimes even value this process more than t he end result the actual photo. Finally, we also addressed our ethnic, cultural, and disciplinary bias and mentioned the digital divide. To sum up, the integration of technology and active participation through photography not only enriches education but also empowers students with invaluable skills that extend beyond the classroom, the lab or the field. By immersing students in visual and experiential learning, this paper advocates for a holistic approach that fosters deeper comprehension, heightened curiosity, and lifelong learning. T3 - Diskussionspapier-Reihe Nachhaltigkeitstransformation & Nachhaltigkeitstransfer - 11 KW - education; personal development, photography, skills development Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7925 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Markow, Jekaterina A1 - von Münchhausen, Susanne A1 - Häring, Anna Maria T1 - Determinants of Success in the Multi-Level Implementation of the Multiactor Approach to Innovation in Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Development: An Analytical Framework N2 - The Multi-Actor Approach (MAA) is a normative standard the European Commission (EC) formally applies to many of its (co-)funded innovative projects in agriculture, forestry and rural development. The MAA requires projects 1. to build on the activities of partners with complementary types of knowledge, including in particular (representatives of) the targeted users of the project results; and 2. to ensure the joint engagement of these diverse partners in all phases of the innovation process. Projects that are required to comply with the MAA are officially called ‘Multi-Actor projects’. They include some international research and innovation projects funded under the EC’s Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development Horizon Europe (or its predecessor Horizon 2020), as well as local EIP Agri Operational Groups (OGs), which are co-funded by the EC and the Member States (MS). As with all public policies, several groups of actors – including the EC itself – have a legitimate interest in learning how well the MAA is being implemented by its intended target actors. A general answer to this question is complicated by the fact that Multi-Actor projects differ in many respects, such as the innovative objectives they pursue, the size and composition of their consortia, the duration of their activity, and their geographic scope. One aspect that makes it particularly difficult to identify general implementation determinants is their embeddedness in distinct multi-level governance settings. For example, while Horizon Europe-funded research project consortia operate under the direct management of the EC’s agencies, OGs are funded under a measure which is formulated by the EC but implemented at the national, or in some MS, regional level. These differences inevitably have an impact on how success in the implementation of the MAA can be achieved. In this paper, we propose a framework for analysing the factors that determine success in the implementation of the MAA, as well as their interrelations. This framework builds on a review and integration of insights from various fields of social scientific research, notably research on public policy implementation, multi-level governance, and participatory approaches in agricultural policy. To test the framework, we apply it to data from four case studies of OGs that we conducted in 2020 in the frame of the H2020-funded research project LIAISON. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7766 N1 - 14th European Symposium, Farming systems facing climate change and resource challenges, 8.-14. April 2022, University of Évora, PORTUGAL SP - 212 EP - 224 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Haack, Michaela A1 - Lauterbach, Josephine A1 - Häring, Anna Maria ED - Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF), T1 - Developing sustainable business models for extensive cattle grazing systems that contribute to increase biodiversity and preserve cultural landscapes BT - Book of Abstracts T2 - Landscape 2021 Diversity for sustainable and resilient agriculture, Online conference, 20.-22.09.2021 N2 - Regionally and sustainably produced food is becoming increasingly important to both consumers and policy makers. Extensive cattle grazing systems linked to biodiverse grassland meet consumer demands for animal welfare and provide a number of ecosystem services. In the Federal State of Brandenburg, suckler cow husbandry is of particular importance due to the low yielding soils and the high proportion of grassland areas. Grazing of lower quality grassland with cattle can increase biodiversity and preserve the cultural landscape. Since the offspring of suckler cows is mostly sold to supra-regional fattening farms, the valorisation of grassland has yet to take place within the region. The reasons for the transfer of added value are manifold and range from a lack of regional structures for slaughtering, processing and logistics to a lack of market opportunities and low profit margins. In order to increase the regional added value of beef from pasture-based farming, business models need to be developed that distribute risks and benefits along the value chain, and correspond to consumers who are willing to contribute to sustainability efforts. Using the approach of a living lab, the R+D project ""WertWeideVerbund"" aims to develop and test models of cooperation and coordination between stakeholders in the beef value chain in Brandenburg. The present paper aims to illustrate the basic requirements and expectations of the different stakeholder groups along the value chain of beef for the development of regional value-based cooperation. Interviews and focus groups with farmers, slaughtering, processing, potential bulk purchasers (canteen kitchens, food retailers and butchers) and interest groups (farmers, landscape conservation) will be conducted by August 2021. Furthermore, a panel study with 1000 participants will identify consumers’ priorities for beef consumption. Preliminary results show that, in addition to organisational-legal requirements, the definition of a common value basis is of particular importance for the development of cooperation. For this purpose, the stakeholders along the value chain defined minimum requirements as well as requirements for a premium quality standard for high animal welfare husbandry of cattle. The discussed quality requirements include aspects such as suckler cow husbandry, minimum grazing period (at least during the vegetation period), fattening (e.g. dry bedding options, outdoor access) and feeding (minimum share of farm-produced feed, GMO, origin of soya-based feed, etc.). With regard to animal welfare, other relevant criteria involve animal health (use of antibiotics), transport time and stress-free slaughtering. Furthermore, aspects such as transparency along the value chain (regionality), participation in a quality assurance system (e.g. Participatory Guarantee Systems, animal welfare officers) and fair remuneration of the producers are also considered as basic prerequisites in order to successfully establish a value- based cooperation Starting in September 2021, potential business models, based on the discussed quality requirements, will be developed in cooperation with interested stakeholders and tested and evaluated in an iterative process. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7739 SP - 278 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kling, Charlotte A1 - Schröter, Ingmar A1 - Vogel, Sebastian A1 - Bönecke, Eric A1 - Rühlmann, Jörg A1 - Gebbers, Robin A1 - Lück, Katrin A1 - Schubert, Torsten A1 - Gerlach, Felix A1 - Philipp, Golo A1 - Scheibe, Dirk A1 - Zieger, Karin A1 - Palme, Stefan A1 - Kramer, Eckart ED - Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF), T1 - Optimization of soil pH and crop yield based on a precision liming strategy guided by proximal soil sensing: Results of three on-farm field trails BT - Book of Abstracts T2 - Landscape 2021 Diversity for sustainable and resilient agriculture, Online conference, 20.-22.09.2021 N2 - Soil acidity is a key factor for soil fertility as it simultaneously influences several yield-relevant soil properties and thus the productivity of agricultural soils. Besides natural pedogenetic processes, on agricultural land, soil acidification is amplified by the removal of the harvested biomass as well as by the application of acidifying fertilizers. Therefore, regular lime application on agricultural fields is inevitable to sustain soil quality and productivity. In Germany, the standard method for defining the lime requirement of a soil is the VDLUFA framework of the German Advisory Board for Agricultural Analytics. The VDLUFA method uses look-up tables that define the lime requirement according to soil texture, soil pH (CaCl2) and soil organic matter (SOM) content (LVLF et al., 2008). To determine these lime-relevant parameters, fields should be subdivided into subunits of 3 to 5 ha. Within a subunit, one mixed sample from 15 to 20 samples should form a composite sample for further reference lab analysis. However, a uniform lime requirement determined for subunits of 3 to 5 ha is often in contrast to the real soil variability observed in the field (Kling et al., 2019). In order to reflect the within-field soil variability, a few studies have demonstrated the use of high-resolution proximal soil sensing (PSS) data as tools for variable rate (VR) lime application (Bönecke et al., 2020; Pätzold et al., 2020). However, there is a lack of studies that evaluate the feasibility and benefit of VR methods in on-farm field trails. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare the performance of site-specific liming based on PSS to optimize soil pH and crop yield with that of commonly applied standard liming methods in Germany. To determine the effect and practicability of the VRA method, a multi-site-multi-year experiment was conducted between 2017 and 2020 on three sites in Brandenburg, Germany. The trial compared the effects on soil pH and crop yield of three lime management practices: variable-rate liming based on PSS data (VR-PS), uniform liming rate based on the VDLUFA standard method (UR), and no liming (ZR). Soil texture and soil pH were assessed with two mobile sensor platforms: the Geophilus system measuring apparent electrical resistivity (ERa) and Gamma-radiation and the Veris pH Manager (Veris Technologies Inc., Salina, KS, USA). Crop yields were obtained from revenue recordings of combine harvesters. Lime prescription maps were generated with an adapted and stepless VDLUFA algorithm, allowing a continuous CaO recommendation (Bönecke et al., 2020). Based on these maps, management zones were delineated to perform lime spreading with state-of-the-art technique. In this study, we outline the conceptual framework of the VR liming approach and present first results from the on-farm field trials to verify the VR approach for an optimized soil acidity management as well as consider whether the higher economic revenue can compensate for added costs for mapping services and spreading technologies. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7741 SP - 292 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rosso, Pablo A1 - Wallor, Evelyn A1 - Seserman, Diana-Maria A1 - Wehrhan, Marc A1 - Richter, Lars ED - Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF), T1 - Measuring nitrogen in crops at different scales and levels: a comparison of sensors BT - Book of Abstracts T2 - Landscape 2021 Diversity for sustainable and resilient agriculture, Online conference, 20.-22.09.2021 N2 - Crop sensing technology is in continuous development. Proximal and remote sensors measuring different physical properties of plant tissue, as surrogates for nutritional and health status are being developed in response to the ever-increasing need of quick and reliable crop monitoring for precision agriculture. A recently developed fluorescent-based device, Multiplex, is of particular interest for high spatial resolution modeling and managing systems, given its capacity of measuring fluorescence properties of chlorophyll and other pigments at both leaf and canopy levels, and both in discrete (“one-shot”) and continuous (“on-the-go”) measuring modes. The goal of this research was to assess the ability of Multiplex to measure nitrogen (N) content of different crops and compare it with the performance of other well-established sensors. Several fields with spring and winter barley and corn at three locations in Brandenburg representing different levels of N fertilization were chosen for the measurements. Leaf N content (% weight) from plant samples was compared to measurements of: Fluorescence (Multiplex Research sensor), light transmittance (SPAD sensor), and reflectance (ASD Field Spectrometer). Additionally, direct canopy fluorescence (Multiplex Research sensor) was compared to canopy reflectance (ASD Field Spectrometer), light transmittance of leaf composites (SPAD sensor) and remote reflectance from multispectral sensors on remotely piloted aircrafts (RPA) or drones. Out of the 25 variables Multiplex produces at each reading, the Chlorophyll Index, the Flavonoid Index and the Nitrogen Balance Index showed the closest relationships to N. All these variables contain infrared and red fluorescence components suggesting that these have a key role in chlorophyll and N determination. In general, however, SPAD showed higher accuracy than fluorescence as a predictor of N content in leaves. Despite of this, Multiplex seems particularly convenient for fast on-field assessment of crop canopy status. At the canopy level, drone-based sensors can be as accurate as Multiplex to assess the N status of the crops under study. In the case of Multiplex, however, since the device reads are taken below the canopy and parallel to the ground, measurements are not affected by canopy density and soil background, which can be an inconvenience for vertical reflectance measurements as provided by drones and spectrometers. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7724 SP - 100 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zuberi, Mehwish A1 - Spies, Michael A1 - Alff, Henryk A1 - Raab, Christoph A1 - Zakirova, Aksana ED - Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF), T1 - Participatory knowledge mapping as a basis of decision making for sustainable agrarian land use systems BT - Book of Abstracts T2 - Landscape 2021 Diversity for sustainable and resilient agriculture, Online conference, 20.-22.09.2021 N2 - Agricultural systems world-wide are facing an increasing level of uncertainty and risk in light of unprecedented climate and environmental change. The ecological challenges for agrarian sectors are further complicated by social factors such as growing world population and an expanding demand for biomass-based products. Formalized knowledge structures can benefit from approaches that consolidate informal local knowledge networks in understanding social and ecological change related causal chains (Tengö et al., 2013). This is especially relevant for the research-policy interface concerning sustainable agrarian system management. As part of the junior research group TRANSECT, which investigates the social-ecological effects and interdependencies of agrarian transformations in Central and South Asia, a framework for knowledge mapping on sustainable land use systems is under development. We aim to bring together knowledge from local land users and other relevant stakeholders to develop future policy scenarios related to bio-based economy in the agrarian sector and to critically assess their social and ecological consequences on the ground. Our proposed framework is inspired by previous experiences with the MARISCO method (Ibisch and Hobson, 2014; www.marisco.training), a methodology for the adaptive management of risk and vulnerability, developed at the Center for Econics and Ecosystem Management in the Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development. This approach has been applied in various projects of natural resource management as a tool that allows the collection of complex and diffused knowledge from different sources, and to structure, evaluate, and prepare for the development of integrated solutions. The visual presentation of existing knowledge in the form of ‘knowledge maps’ that raise awareness of ignorance, and the systemic identification of knowledge gaps and risks are central features of MARISCO method (Ibisch and Hobson, 2014). While the original methodology provides an established and proven toolbox for evaluating the ecological dimension of complex socio-environmental challenges, our inspired methodology elaborates on the social dimension of environmental and societal threats as well as policy interventions, for which we find it crucial to put a stronger emphasis on equity. In contrast to the more ecosystem-focused MARISCO method, a central feature of our approach is a socially differentiated analysis that distinguishes between different social groups or strata when evaluating social (and ecosystem) services and the (social) impact of stresses or threats. We will introduce and elaborate on our proposed participatory and socially differentiated approach for knowledge mapping on sustainable land use systems with illustrative examples from experiences in Central Asia. As our current experience shows, a key challenge in designing and implementing such approaches is to take social-ecological complexity seriously while keeping the method manageable for regular workshop settings without overburdening participants. KW - Participatory knowledge mapping; social-ecological systems Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7716 SP - 64 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Vieweger, Anja A1 - Döring, Thomas Felix A1 - Bloch, Ralf A1 - Bachinger, Johann ED - Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF), T1 - Inspiring change in agricultural practices BT - Book of Abstracts T2 - Landscape 2021 Diversity for sustainable and resilient agriculture, Online conference, 20.-22.09.2021 N2 - An international group of 15 organic and biodynamic farmers have collaborated since early 2015 to develop their own strategies and learning concepts to increase health on their farms. After jointly formulating ten core statements as their own practical principles for managing healthy farming systems, they went on to develop a training strategy to transfer this knowledge about promoting health on organic farms, describing a co-learning concept to collaborate with their peers in a long-term process. Most suitable, appropriate methods and optimal conditions were discussed for successfully spreading such complex tacit knowledge among other farmers, and crucially, for invoking change in behavior. One core concept emerged as being most critical for success – inspiration. It was the group members’ or peers’ ability to inspire, which, in their experience, was key to stimulate their own change of practices, motivate trials with new methods, or adopt a new perspective or philosophy for managing their farm. They described that it was not only the reading about different techniques, or seeing new machinery in action during a farmer field day – the actual spark that triggered their own action was in most cases personal interaction. The personal exchange and inspiration among peers, who have established a sound level of trust, who share their experiences, as well as passions and failures seemed to be most likely the key element of farmer learning. This was particularly true for learning and enhancing soft skills, such as intuition, gut-feeling or self-reflection – all essential skills for running healthy organic farms according to the farmer group. The farmers of this project series have attributed great value to learning with and from each other during a co-learning process, in particular when the group is regularly stimulated by and collaborating with interdisciplinary researchers who are embedded in this co-learning process. We could therefore conclude that not only participatory-/action research or multi-actor approaches, but agricultural research in general benefits from a deep connection and understanding between researchers and farmers, to successfully inspire change in practices, and the adoption of new philosophies and perspectives that trigger long lasting transformation. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7700 SP - 50 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bruckner, August A1 - Kling, Charlotte A1 - Droscha, Anne ED - Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF), T1 - Concepts to include farmers as co-researchers – the living lab approach of the project “NutriNet” BT - Book of Abstracts T2 - Landscape 2021 Diversity for sustainable and resilient agriculture, Online conference, 20.-22.09.2021 N2 - A key characteristic of current and future challenges towards a climate-resilient and sustainable agricultural landscape is their complexity, that leads to difficulties in implementation of scientific findings in agricultural practice. The implementation of new strategies in nutrient management on organic farms is such a complex challenge due to regional differences in perception and soil resources as well as individual prerequisites on farms. The project “NutriNet: competence- and co-research network for development of nutrient management in organic farming” meets this challenge by building a living lab according to Dell’Erra & Landoni (2014) and Rose et al. (2018) and aims i) to derive region-specific nutrient management advice for organic farms from scientific findings in field trials (nutrient management research), ii) to ensure implementation of these advice through group motivation and enable an exchange of expert knowledge in Field Schools (transformative research), iii) as well as to evaluate key methods, roles, competences and resources for an implementation-oriented co-research process (process research). Sixty farmers organized in six regions in Germany build the basis of the “NutriNet” living lab, each accompanied by a regional consultant and a group of scientists on a joint level. All actors are involved in the co-research process to varying degrees depending on the stage of the process and can take on different roles. Process steps are ideation, development of the experimental question and design, trial implementation, data analysis, interpretation of data and implementation and transfer of results. The living lab character is especially addressed in the structure of the co-research process for conducting field trials in the “NutriNet” project as it describes a learning system within the system. The co-research concept allows to take different experimental designs into account, namely field trials with a demonstrative character that provide methodological skills for farmers and pre-test results as well as field trials with spatial and temporal repetitions that meet scientific requirements. In order to reduce the scientific framework conditions to such an extent that, on the one hand, scientifically valid results and, on the other hand, the highest possible feasibility of the experiments by the farmers can be guaranteed, so-called regional and network trials are being tested in NutriNet. The concept is based on taking randomization and spatial repetition into account by repeatedly setting up the trial at several locations. In order to take environmental influences (soil, climate) into account, the possible sites are divided into groups according to site characteristics by using a cluster analysis. By involving not only one but many farmers throughout the whole co-research process and enabling exchange among them in Field-Schools, methodological training and implementation of findings are addressed as a part of the research. After one year of field trials two regional trials with ten and seven farmers were set up as well as one network trial on thirteen farms in four regions. Methodological evaluation of the process led to adjustments in experimental design, data collection and coordination between experts that are implemented in a new series of network trials starting in autumn 2021. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7698 SP - 49 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Döring, Thomas Felix A1 - Vieweger, Anja A1 - Kling, Charlotte A1 - Bruckner, August A1 - Stumm, Christoph A1 - Bloch, Ralf ED - Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF), T1 - The three freedoms required by transformative agricultural research BT - Book of Abstracts T2 - Landscape 2021 Diversity for sustainable and resilient agriculture, Online conference, 20.-22.09.2021 N2 - Societies’ calls for addressing the urgent problems of climate change, biodiversity loss and other environmental crises are becoming ever louder. Responding to this, and to the growing severity of global threats to agricultural and food systems, national and international research funders are increasingly demanding that funded projects achieve real-world transformation of farming systems towards true sustainability and resilience. This development is not only a new funding opportunity for researchers. Because separating the roles of knowledge generation and knowledge exchange with practice will often fail to achieve the necessary transformation, (at least some) researchers will need to engage in this transdisciplinary process of transformative agricultural research. As a consequence, the roles of these researchers need to shift towards stronger integration in farming practice, and deeper exchange with practitioners, adding a new key role to teaching and research. We argue that meeting the goals of the mission of transformative research in agriculture requires three essential freedoms. First, researchers need to be free to engage in this transformative research. This entails a freed mindset, which enables researchers to leave behind traditional roles, e.g. for true knowledge exchange, co-design of projects, and learning from farmers. In addition, there needs to be a stronger appreciation for transdisciplinary and transformative research in the research community, accompanied by a reduced pressure to perform in other currently dominating assessment categories. Second, farmers need to be free to engage in this process as well. Again, this requires an open mindset, e.g. to engage in, and learn from collaborative research, but also available funds and time to engage in the process. Third, transformative agricultural research needs freedom in the project structure and in administrative rules. This includes the permission to fail and to tolerate errors, so that the people involved in the process are able to learn from mistakes. In addition, this is required so that projects are not set up to avoid risks, and can really be transformative and contain innovative elements. Finally, funders will need to show trust in the parties and to reduce administrative burden. Within this framework we discuss the success factors and limitations of transformative agricultural research using examples from various recent national and international projects. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7680 SP - 48 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lauterbach, Josephine A1 - Bruns, Antonia Johanna A1 - Häring, Anna Maria T1 - Exploring Consumer Preference towards the On-Farm Slaughtering of Beef in Germany: A Discrete Choice Experiment JF - Foods N2 - Current production standards and communication campaigns about animal welfare in relation to beef strongly emphasise the “humane” rearing of cattle. Aspects such as transport and slaughtering conditions are often overlooked in both production standards and communications with consumers. Long transport routes and conventional slaughtering can cause significant stress to animals and have negative impacts on their welfare and on meat quality. On-farm slaughter can address these criticisms. Communicating the value of low-stress slaughtering conditions like on-farm slaughtering may offer significant sales potential for a premium market segment. In this study, we explore consumers’ preferences and willingness to pay for beef that is slaughtered on-farm rather than in conventional abattoirs. We conducted an online survey (n = 400) in 2022, with a sample that is representative of the German population with respect to gender, age, income and education. Our survey included a discrete choice experiment for the purchase of minced beef, incorporating product attributes that influence purchase decisions. These included: price, information on the social, economic and environmental benefits of regional production, different production standards (conventional/organic) and information on on-farm slaughtering. Our findings indicate that consumers derive the highest utility from a low price, followed by information about on-farm slaughtering. Participants indicated a preference for information on high animal welfare over high beef quality. We conclude that highlighting on-farm slaughtering could be a significant benefit in marketing premium beef products. KW - consumer preferences; animal welfare; on-farm slaughter; slaughter conditions; premium beef marketing Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7753 SN - 2304-8158 IS - 12 PB - MDPI ER - TY - CHAP A1 - von Münchhausen, Susanne A1 - Behrendt, Gerlinde A1 - Cronien, Evelien A1 - Fieldsend, Andrew A1 - Häring, Anna Maria ED - Faustina, Sandra ED - Pinto-Correas, Teresa T1 - The role of different types of organisations supporting interactive innovation in agriculture and forestry T2 - Digital Book of Proceedings 14th European IFSA Symposium Farming Systems Facing Climate Change and Resource Challenges N2 - A large variety of organisations provides support for cooperative approaches in the field of research and innovation in agriculture, forestry and rural development, and acts as Innovation Support Services (ISS). The findings from ProAkis (2015) show that different types of organisations such as administrative offices, public or semi-public advisory services, rural academies/universities, producer organisations, other NGOs or private consultants engaged in the Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation System (AKIS) can act as ISS. The funding of ISS can be public, private or a mix of both. A first literature review indicates that studies often focus on the larger “enabling environment” and the structure of the Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation Systems (AKIS). Moreover, many authors pay particular attention to the role of public or semi-public advisory organisations (Knierim et al., 2015; Sulaiman 2015). The aim of this paper is to assess the different types of organisations that provide support for interactive innovation, and to analyse the particular role of each type of organisation for interactive innovation projects. Particular attention will be payed to the divers group of organisations that are not part of a (semi)-public advisory organisation. The paper is based on the analysis of more than 200 case studies of publically or privately funded interactive innovation projects within the EU and beyond. The selection of cases took place under the framework of the project LIAISON funding by the EU research and innovation programme Horizon 2020 (grant agreement No 773418). European and national databases contain several thousands of projects in agriculture, forestry and rural development. We selected projects applying the interactive innovation approach from a) EU programmes (EIP-Agri, Horizon2020, Interreg, and LIFE+); b) nationally/regionally or privately funded projects; and c) informal initiatives or networks in the agri-food, forestry, bioeconomy or nature conservation area. Preliminary results indicate that publically funded IIS play a core role for legal/administrative compliance of projects. Semi-public advisory services take up this role as well, and they are strong in linking farmers with scientists, technicians, entrepreneurs etc. However, they often exist and offer efficient ISS only for those industries that have a long tradition for a sector or area (e.g. dairy, pork, poultry or club fruit). Niche sectors or industries with little policy engagement often lack the support of a publically funded advisory service but profit more from producer organisations or rural academies/universities when they take up the role of ISS. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7668 SP - 195 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vijayan, Dhanya A1 - Kächele, Harald A1 - Girindran, Renoy A1 - Chattopadhyay, Srikumar A1 - Lukas, Martin C. A1 - Arshad, Muhammad T1 - Tropical forest conversion and its impact on indigenous communities Mapping forest loss and shrinking gathering grounds in the Western Ghats, India JF - Land Use Policy N2 - Conversions of natural forests to forest plantations threaten ecosystems and forest-dependent indigenous populations in many parts of the world. It is crucial to understand the scale and nature of such forest conversions and how they affect forest-dependent communities as a basis for prudent forest management and protection of indigenous livelihoods. This study analyses natural forest conversions and their impacts on tribal communities in the southern Western Ghats, a globally significant biodiversity hotspot. It focuses on two tribal settlements in protected forests within the catchment of the Achankovil River. The study involves time series analysis of forest cover change, based on a historical map and satellite images, field mapping of changes in the tribal communities’ areas of operation, household surveys, and focus group discussions. The analysis shows that the area of protected forest decreased by 53 % from 1978 to 2015. As a result, the size of the tribal communities’ gathering areas considerably shrunk, resulting in a decline in their collection of non-timber forest products and increased dependency on forest plantations labour for their livelihood. This is especially critical as the tribal communities still prefer to depend on natural forests for their sustenance. Preservation of natural forests is hence crucial not only for biodiversity conservation, but also to protect socio-economic and cultural traits of tribal populations. Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7395 SN - 1873-5754 IS - 102 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lenz, Claudia A1 - Gollee, Paul A1 - Kühn, Michael A1 - Leich, Christian A1 - Pfriem, Alexander ED - Larnøy, Erik T1 - Artificial irradiation (indoors) of European wood species at different irradiation intensities and at different temperatures T2 - Proceedings of the 19th Meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE) 10-12 October 2023 N2 - The background of the topic is to compare the colour changes at different irradiances and temperatures at constant relative humidity. The issue is important because evaluation in terms of irradiance has not been studied in more detail. Irradiation intensities were reported in many studies but tended to have metadata status. The concrete influence of the irradiance on chemical and colour changes in the wood remains open. This paper presents an approach to inquiry-based teaching within a basic research project. Initial results from a large-scale data series are presented here. Irradiance is the term for the total power of incoming electromagnetic energy striking a surface, related to the size of the area, measured in watts per square metre [W/m²]. KW - artificial irradiation KW - wood KW - indoors KW - colour changes KW - CIE L*a*b* Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7654 N1 - Please check the Repository of papers NORTHERN EUROPEAN NETWORK FOR WOOD SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING https://wsenetwork.org/ SP - 125 EP - 127 PB - Published with support from SNS – The Nordic Forest Research Cooperation Commitee CY - Ås, Norway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lautner, Silke A1 - Lenz, Claudia A1 - Hammel, Jörg A1 - Moosmann, Julian A1 - Kühn, Michael A1 - Caselle, Michele A1 - Vogelgesang, Matthias A1 - Kopmann, Andreas A1 - Beckmann, Felix T1 - Using SRμCT to define water transport capacity in Picea abies. SPIE Optics+Photonics Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7636 N1 - August 06-10, 2017, San Diego Convention Center, San Diego, California, USA ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schweiger, Julienne A1 - Schmidt, Henriette A1 - Aas, Gregor A1 - Gebauer, Gerhard A1 - Götz, Bernhard A1 - Hartmann, Holger A1 - Lenz, Claudia A1 - Pflugmacher, Candy A1 - Schmidt, Markus A1 - Schill, Harald T1 - Carbon isotopes elucidate drought stress in rare native tree species in NE-Germany Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7627 N1 - Session 2: Stable isotopes in environmental research - bridging disciplines, organisms and processes, Poster 2.2, BayCEER Workshop 2019, October 10, 2019 - Campus University of Bayreuth, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schmidt, Henriette A1 - Schmidt, Markus A1 - Schweiger, Julienne M.-I. A1 - Lenz, Claudia A1 - Hartmann, Holger A1 - Pflugmacher, Candy A1 - Götz, Bernhard A1 - Gebauer, Gerhard A1 - Schill, Harald T1 - Climate sensitivity of rare native tree species in NE-Germany - A dendroecological and ecophysiological approach Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7610 N1 - Session 14: Forest Ecology - linking diversity and function, Poster 7; 48th annual meeting of the Ecological Society of Germany Austria and Switzerland (GfÖ), September 10-14, 2018, Vienna, Austria ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lenz, Claudia A1 - Lautner, Silke A1 - Melcher, Eckhard A1 - Möller, Ralf ED - Wilson, P. T1 - Microscopic investigations concerning in situ copper oxalate formation T2 - Proceedings of the 10th annual meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE 2014) Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7597 N1 - October 13-14, 2014, Edinburgh, Scotland SP - 231 EP - 231 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sanne, Moritz A1 - Kampe, Anja A1 - Lenz, Claudia A1 - Gossel, Stefan A1 - Wagner, Sabine A1 - Haibel, Astrid A1 - Melcher, Eckhard A1 - Leu, Carsten A1 - Pfriem, Alexander A1 - Lautner, Silke ED - Engelund Thybring, Emil T1 - Anatomical studies of wood treated with pressure pulse shock waves T2 - Proceedings of the 13th annual meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE2017) N2 - Similar to a normal wave, a shock wave travels as energy through matter but it causes an abrupt raise of pressure, temperature and density. In this study the influence of shock waves on wood structure were investigated in the light of possible future industrial utilization e.g. timber impregnating treatment. KW - shock wave; pressure pulse; impregnation; microtomography Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6841 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zuberi, Mehwish ED - Follmann, Alexander ED - Müller, Judith ED - Falk, Gregor C. T1 - Agriculture in flux : Insights into agricultural transformations and possible scenarios in South Punjab, Pakistan T2 - Aktuelle Forschungsbeiträge zu Südasien: 10. Jahrestagung des AK Südasien, 24./25. Januar 2020, Freiburg KW - Agricultural intensification; Green Revolution; Climate Change Adaption; Pakistan Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7556 SN - 978-3-948791-04-9 SP - 31 EP - 34 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - del Río, Miren A1 - Pretzsch, Hans A1 - Ruiz-Peinado, Ricardo A1 - Jactel, Hervé A1 - Coll, Lluís A1 - Löf, Magnus A1 - Aldea, Jorge A1 - Ammer, Christian A1 - Avdagić, Admir A1 - Barbeito, Ignacio A1 - Bielak, Kamil A1 - Bravo, Felipe A1 - Brazaitis, Gediminas A1 - Cerný, Jakub A1 - Collet, Catherine A1 - Condés, Sonia A1 - Drössler, Lars A1 - Fabrika, Marek A1 - Heym, Michael A1 - Holm, Stig-Olof A1 - Hylen, Gro A1 - Jansons, Aris A1 - Kurylyak, Viktor A1 - Lombardi, Fabio A1 - Matović, Bratislav A1 - Metslaid, Marek A1 - Motta, Renzo A1 - Nord-Larsen, Thomas A1 - Nothdurft, Arne A1 - den Ouden, Jan A1 - Pach, Maciej A1 - Pardos, Marta A1 - Poeydebat, Charlotte A1 - Ponette, Quentin A1 - Pérot, Tomas A1 - Reventlow, Ditlev Otto Juel A1 - Sitko, Roman A1 - Sramek, Vit A1 - Steckel, Mathias A1 - Svoboda, Miroslav A1 - Verheyen, Kris A1 - Vospernik, Sonja A1 - Wolff, Barbara A1 - Zlatanov, Tzvetan A1 - Bravo-Oviedo, Andrés T1 - Emerging stability of forest productivity by mixing two species buffers temperature destabilizing effect JF - Journal of Applied Ecology KW - additive effect KW - climate effect KW - forest ecosystems productivity KW - mixed forests KW - overyielding KW - species asynchrony KW - temporal stability Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5778 SN - 1365-2664 VL - 59 IS - 11 SP - 2730 EP - 2741 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Loft, Lasse A1 - Schleyer, Christian A1 - Klingler, Michael A1 - Kister, Jutta A1 - Zoll, Felix A1 - Stegmaier, Peter A1 - Aukes, Ewert A1 - Sorge, Stefan A1 - Mann, Carsten T1 - The development of governance innovations for the sustainable provision of forest ecosystem services in Europe: A comparative analysis of four pilot innovation processes JF - Ecosystem Services N2 - In the past decades, novel governance and management approaches that support the provision of non-marketable Forest Ecosystem Services (FES) have emerged throughout Europe. However, it remains unclear under which circumstances such modes of FES governance develop and which sets of social-ecological parameters, management formats, and interests enable or constrain these processes. In this paper, we aim to shed light on the development processes of such governance innovations. We combine approaches from natural resource governance with insights from innovation studies to identify the close interrelations between designing governance approaches and the inherent innovation dynamics in their development. Empirically, we apply an adapted innovation journey approach to reconstruct the development history of four governance innovations in Europe. We analyse key turning points and crucial influencing factors of the innovation processes, focussing on interests, resources, and values of actors, biophysical and technical conditions of the forest resource systems, institutions and governance arrangements, and features of the innovation management. Our findings show that often individual actors became mainstays of the innovation developments, whereas governmental organisations took up an important role in managing the innovation development process, without being the main change agents. Further, in cases with a reliable legal environment and existing funding schemes innovation development was fostered effectively. While various natural disturbances negatively impacted upon innovation development, most crisis-related interruptions provided an opportunity for radically changing pathways. We conclude that to cope with these uncertain development dynamics, conditions for innovation development need to be created that allow for continuous monitoring and adaptation of innovation processes along their development. For future governance innovation development processes, this calls for the setup of protected spaces that allow for stakeholder participation and open deliberation of interests and expectations regarding FES provisioning as preconditions for governance co-design work based on mutual learning and reflection. KW - Forest policy KW - Forest management KW - Ecosystem services KW - Governance KW - Constructive innovation assessment KW - Innovation journeys KW - EU Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7457 SN - 2212-0416 VL - 58 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kereselidze, Manana A1 - Pilarska, Daniela A1 - Guntadze, Nika A1 - Linde, Andreas T1 - Halyomorpha halys Stål, (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae) feeding effects on some agriculturalfruits in Georgia JF - Turkish Journal of Zoology N2 - Feeding effects of the invasive, polyphagous brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae), on some agricultural fruits (hazelnut, blueberry, mandarin, lemon) were investigated in Guria and Samegrelo regions of Georgia in 2019 and 2020. The damage to hazelnut kernels was evaluated when H. halys adults were allowed to feed on kernels in different stages of development. Furthermore, BMSB adults were allowed to feed on almost ripened fruits of blueberry, on small mandarin fruits which were not yet well developed, and on ripened fruits of mandarin. The evaluation of damage on lemon was recorded after allowing adult BMSB on small, not yet developed fruits and on almost developed fruits. It was shown that hazelnuts are susceptible to damage caused by feeding of BMSB throughout the entire period of kernel development (100% of kernels were damaged and did not develop at all). Furthermore, BMSB damages blueberry severely (100% damage) when the fruits are almost ripened. Damage to mandarin fruits in early development stages was over 90%, and 100% of ripened mandarin fruits dropped to the ground. We did not find any damage when BMSB was allowed to feed on Lemon throughout the development of the fruits. KW - Halyomorpha halys; hazelnut; blueberry; mandarin; lemon; damage Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7441 SN - 1300-0179 VL - 46 IS - 3 SP - 298 EP - 303 PB - Tübitak ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ullah, Ayat A1 - Mishra, Ashok K. A1 - Bavorova, Miroslava A1 - Kächele, Harald T1 - The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on market integration: Evidence from vegetable farmers in Pakistan JF - International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction N2 - The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the agriculture sector and farming communities to unprecedented risks. This study investigates the impact of the pandemic, identifying the suggestions of community elders for effective resilience via in-depth interviews (IDIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). We also examine determinants of vegetable farmers' inputs and outputs market participation using a binary logit model. The findings reveal poor business owners’ support, difficulties accessing inputs and outputs markets, non-availability/shortage of inputs recommended by extension services, and poor access to mechanizations. Labor shortages, lack of access to agricultural credit, and lack of information on innovations and markets are also barriers to market integration of farming communities in Pakistan. Results of the logit model show that farming experience and support from market owners drive the participation of both the inputs and outputs market. Similarly, ownership of personal vehicles and the availability of farm machinery drive the participation of farmers in outputs markets. Various strategies are suggested to mitigate the risks of the Covid-19 pandemic, including the establishment of inputs and outputs markets, strategies for transportation, access to information, and farm machinery at the local level. KW - Agriculture sector; Farming communities; Coronavirus; Markets integration Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7430 SN - 2212-4209 IS - 80 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mehmood, Yasir A1 - Arshad, Muhammad A1 - Kächele, Harald T1 - Effects of wastewater reuse on perceived health risks of farmers in Pakistan: Application of the Zero-Inflated Poisson regression model JF - Journal of Cleaner Production N2 - Not only is the reuse of wastewater, particularly for irrigation purposes, an increasingly common practice in developing countries, it is also encouraged by many governments and official entities. Although exposure to wastewater has noteworthy hazardous effects on human health and the environment, this is poorly understood by farmers who reuse wastewater for crop production. Using household-level survey data of 321 respondents, this study investigates the effects of wastewater reuse on farmers' perceived health risks and the determinants of farmers' reuse of wastewater for vegetable production in Punjab, Pakistan. A Zero-Inflated Poisson (ZIP) regression model shows that wastewater irrigation has a significant positive effect (P < 0.05) on farmers' perceived health risks. Farmers using wastewater have relatively little knowledge of its negative effects on human health compared to their counterparts using freshwater. Around 85% and 80% of farmers who used wastewater state that water scarcity and decreased production costs were the key reasons why they use wastewater for vegetable production, respectively. A logit regression model indicates that farmer age, household size, irrigation experience, income, access to institutional credit, awareness of health risks, access to canal water, ownership of tube well, and perceived health risks are the key determinants of wastewater reuse. The findings of this study and subsequent recommendations may guide policymakers in educating and updating farmers’ knowledge about the hazardous effects of wastewater through frequent training and workshops. Installation of plants for wastewater treatment by collecting a pollution premium from farmers seems to be a viable option for sustainable agricultural development. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7423 SN - 1879-1786 IS - 369 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ullah, Ayat A1 - Zeb, Alam A1 - Saqib, Shahab E. A1 - Kächele, Harald T1 - Constraints to agroforestry diffusion under the Billion Trees Afforestation Project (BTAP), Pakistan: policy recommendations for 10-BTAP JF - Environmental Science and Pollution Research N2 - Effective agroforestry diffusion under the newly started 10-Billion Trees Afforestation Project (10-BTAP) needs a thorough understanding of the policy and implementation shortfalls of the already completed BTAP. This study examines the factors that affected the diffusion of the agroforestry in the Hindu-Kush Himalayan (HKH) region of Pakistan under BTAP. The data were gathered through in-depth interviews with Village Development Committee (VDC) members, Forest Department (FD) officials, and local farmers. Important factors positively affecting agroforestry diffusion included locations of crop fields on the river sides, community dependency on firewood, and market value of agroforestry timber. The logistic regression model shows that household head’s age, access to information, and area under cropland positively affected household level adoption of agroforestry under BTAP; forest cover was negatively related. In-depth interviews show that key barriers to FD in diffusion of agroforestry included provision of false information by farmers to monitoring teams, non-availability of extension staff, lack of communication among project staff and community, as well as a lack of sufficient budget for activities. Primary barriers to community adoption of agroforestry included no participation of VDCs in planning and monitoring of agroforestry programs, lack of plant need assessments on the part of the project staff, poor quality of plants distributed by FD, farmers’ poor know-how of plantations, lack of trust among community and project staff, as well as the waste of plants by farming community. Thus, this study recommends that policy-makers and project designers should consider these factors when planning agroforestry diffusion under 10-BTAP to improve its success. KW - Agroforestry diffusion; 10-Billion Trees Afforestation Project; Policy and extension; Hindu-Kush Himalayan; Village Development Committees; Planning and monitoring Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7419 IS - 29 SP - 68757 EP - 68775 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ullah, Ayat A1 - Zeb, Alam A1 - Saqib, Shahab E. A1 - Kächele, Harald T1 - Landscape co-management and livelihood sustainability: Lessons learned from the billion trees afforestation project in Pakistan JF - Land Use Policy KW - Billion Trees Afforestation Project KW - Landscape co-management participation KW - Livelihood improvement Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7407 SN - 1873-5754 IS - 115 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Susan Sam, Anu A1 - Abbas, Azhar A1 - Surendran Padmaja, Subash A1 - Raghavan Sathyan, Archana A1 - Vijayan, Dhanya A1 - Kächele, Harald A1 - Kumar, Ranjit A1 - Müller, Klaus T1 - Flood vulnerability and food security in eastern India: A threat to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals JF - International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction N2 - The food security situation in India has improved due to economic growth, increased agricultural productivity, public policies and hunger eradication programmes. Nevertheless, much of India's population still suffers from hunger and poverty. Floods obstruct agricultural production; destroy infrastructure; and disrupt livelihoods, normal services, health care, etc. In this way, floods ultimately affect households' food security. We examined household food security in flood-prone rural areas of India in a more extensive way than in previous studies by constructing an index that incorporates various factors of the food security dimensions. Factors determining the level of flood-prone households' food security were also analyzed. By polychoric principal component analysis, an aggregate food security index was constructed. The food security score was regressed on different explanatory variables to evaluate their effect on the overall food security situation in the study area. Our results showed that three-fourths of the respondent households faced food security issues to varying degrees. Family type, physical assets and employment scheme showed positive impacts on the level of food security of the respondents. In contrast, households with female household heads and those suffering losses of property due to floods were adversely affected in terms of negative impacts on overall food security. The results suggest the need for the adoption of integrated strategies to effectively address food security issues amidst the increased severity of flood events. The study findings are useful for policy makers in India and countries with similar backgrounds to tackle the food insecurity brought about by flood hazards. KW - Odisha KW - Availability KW - Access KW - Stability KW - Utilization KW - Vulnerability Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7383 SN - 2212-4209 VL - 66 IS - 66 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mahmood, Nasir A1 - Arshad, Muhammad A1 - Mehmood, Yasir A1 - Faisal Shahzad, Muhammad A1 - Kächele, Harald T1 - Farmers’ perceptions and role of institutional arrangements in climate change adaptation: Insights from rainfed Pakistan JF - Climate Risk Management N2 - Rainfed farmers are among the most vulnerable farming communities to climate change in Pakistan because of the heavy reliance of crop farming on rain and of farmers’ livelihoods on crop farming. The best and most timely responses against climate change are suitable adaptation measures. Accurately perceiving the risks associated with climate change is an essential factor for planning and then implementing adaptations. Using farm household-level data of 400 rainfed farmers collected through a well-designed and field-tested questionnaire, this study examines the association between various adaptation stages (climate risk perceptions, adaptation planning, and implementation of adaptation) and their determinants using a multivariate probit (MVP) model. The findings indicate that farmers’ perceptions of climatic changes are in line with historical climatic data. Climate risk management (CRM) trainings and digital agriculture extension and communication (DAEC) services (indicators of formal institutional arrangements) show a highly significant impact on all adaptation stages. Input market distance, farmer cooperative meetings (an indicator of informal institutional arrangement), off-farm income, education, and number of male family members are among the other key determinants. A highly significant association between various adaptation stages indicates that accurate climate risk perceptions lead to planning and implementation of adaptations. When risk perceptions are underestimated or lacking, then adaptations do not occur. The results further indicate that the timely availability of reliable information on advanced agricultural inputs, weather parameters, crop farming advisory services, and market information could help rainfed farmers devise sound adaptations to minimize risks associated with climate change. The study recommends the provision of CRM trainings and DAEC services to provide a better understanding and promote sound adaptation planning through the adaptive capacity enhancement of rainfed farming communities for sustainable production and livelihood security. KW - Risk perceptions KW - Adaptation planning KW - Climate risk management trainings KW - Digital advisory services KW - Rainfed KW - Pakistan Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7375 SN - 2212-0963 VL - 32 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mehmood, Yasir A1 - Arshad, Muhammad A1 - Mahmood, Nasir A1 - Kächele, Harald A1 - Kong, Rong T1 - Occupational hazards, health costs, and pesticide handling practices among vegetable growers in Pakistan JF - Environmental Research N2 - Disregarding protective measures when handling pesticides in agricultural production imposes increased health risks and health costs on farmers as well as degrades the natural ecosystem. In Pakistan, where agriculture is the prime occupation in rural communities, there is overwhelming evidence of indiscriminate use of hazardous pesticides by farmers without taking adequate precautions. Using cross-sectional data, we examined personal protection and health costs to vegetable growers due to pesticide exposure and determinants of farmers' pesticide handling practices. The theory of averting behavior was used, and the possible factors affecting farmers' adoption of safety equipment and of disposal methods for pesticide containers were estimated using a logit model. Health effects (P < 0.05) and farmers' protection and health costs (P < 0.01) are found as important determinants of farmers' adoption of safety equipment and of disposal methods for pesticide containers. The mean protection and health cost of pesticide exposure per farmer per vegetable season in 2019 was US $3.60. Analytical outcomes indicate that safe and recommended pesticide handling practices are needed to be introduced through adequate integrated pest management (IPM) training programs and by improving farmers’ formal education. Thus, creating awareness through IPM training programs among vegetable growers and enhancing formal education to encourage the adoption of precautionary measures and safe disposal methods for pesticide containers may reduce health risks and health costs. Findings imply that adoption of adequate pesticide handling practices would further help reduce occupational hazards and promote sustainable agriculture in Pakistan. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7366 SN - 1096-0953 IS - 200 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Khalili, Niloofar A1 - Arshad, Muhammad A1 - Kächele, Harald A1 - Farajzadeh, Zakariya A1 - Müller, Klaus T1 - Drought shocks and farm household consumption behaviour: Insights from Fars province of Iran JF - International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction N2 - Drought is one of the most important shocks that has affected many farm households in rural Iran. This paper presents cross-sectional quantitative research with a micro-level analysis of the impacts of drought shocks on food and non-food expenditures of smallholders in rural Iran. Quantile regression model was applied to analyse the data obtained from 300 small farmers in the county of Marvdasht in Fars province, Iran. The results show that households who experience moderate and severe drought, apply a combination of different strategies, which are usually used to deal with idiosyncratic shocks and covariate shocks. A reduction in consumption expenditures is not the only and the first choice coping strategy but is one of the main strategies used by most drought-affected households. Our results further indicate that the non-food expenditures of smallholders in severe drought-affected villages are negatively affected by drought, however, food expenditures are not significantly affected. Non-food expenditures of households with overall lower consumption level were significantly affected. These findings point out the importance of the provision of compensation schemes for smallholders and the designing and implementation of coping mechanisms including non-agricultural job opportunities in drought-affected areas of Fars, Iran. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7359 SN - 2212-4209 IS - 66 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jha, Srijna A1 - Kächele, Harald A1 - Sieber, Stefan T1 - Factors influencing the adoption of agroforestry by smallholder farmer households in Tanzania: Case studies from Morogoro and Dodoma JF - Land Use Policy N2 - The adoption of agricultural innovations is a critical adaptation mechanism for smallholder farmers to prepare and deal with potential shocks and uncertainty. Agroforestry is proven to be highly impactful at improving the adaptive capacity of farmers, the resilience of local farming systems and in providing diversified livelihood benefits. The adoption of agroforestry in Tanzania is generally uneven, with some successes and some failures and could be better supported. To do so, understanding the most significant factors influencing the adoption of agroforestry is key. Logistic regression (logit model) is used to analyse household survey data collected from 697 smallholder farmers. Results indicate that only 71 farmers (10.19 %) report planting new trees and actively practicing agroforestry. Farmers who are part of a project, are able to rent land and have a source of seedlings are more likely to adopt agroforestry. When farmers perceive rainfall to be changing, their land rights to be only moderately secure and their right to plant trees to be dependent on obtaining permission from the land owner or family members, they are less likely to adopt agroforestry. If the farmer perceives the land to be relatively fertile and has the intention to improve or maintain the fertility of his plot in the future then the likelihood of adopting agroforestry increases. Policy interventions ought to promote the participation of farmers in agroforestry projects to facilitate knowledge and experience building. Policy interventions should provide a reliable source of agroforestry inputs, such as seedlings to ensure that the resource requirements for agroforestry are well fulfilled. Farmer perceptions of land and agroforestry rights must be emphasized, clarified and streamlined to facilitate better policies. Farmer perceptions related to rainfall and soil fertility highlight a lack of awareness concerning the soil and water conservation benefits of agroforestry. Therefore, these must be better addressed through improved education and extension services. Consideration of farmer perceptions is crucial for the adoption of agroforestry. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7340 SN - 1873-5754 IS - 103 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ullah, Ayat A1 - Zeb, Alam A1 - Liu, Jinlong A1 - Mahmood, Nasir A1 - Kächele, Harald T1 - Transhumant pastoralist knowledge of infectious diseases and adoption of alternative land use strategies in the Hindu-Kush Himalayan (HKH) region of Pakistan JF - Land Use Policy N2 - Pastoralists’ awareness of infectious disease outbreaks depends on their socioeconomic characteristics and considerably affects their land use strategies. This study aimed to identify the factors that affect transhumant communities’ awareness of recently emerged Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in humans and foot and mouth disease (FMD) in animals. This study also investigated the key factors that govern the adoption of alternative land use strategies by nonmigrating transhumants to avoid seasonal migration in the Hindu-Kush Himalayan (HKH) region of Pakistan. To link the awareness of disease spread to the adoption of alternative land use strategies, a focus group discussion and a socioeconomic survey were conducted in the study area. A total of 300 households were randomly selected from a nonmigrating transhumant community. The results of the binary logit model showed that landholding size, good relationships with extension field staff, and extension contact were positively related, whereas household education was negatively related to pastoralists’ awareness of infectious disease outbreaks. In the case of adopting alternative strategies to avoid future long-distance migration, our model showed that pastoralists’ awareness of infectious disease outbreaks significantly and positively affected pastoralists’ adoption of these strategies. The other variables that were positively associated with the pastoralists’ adoption of these strategies included good relationships with extension field staff, household size and primary dependence on pastoral-based livelihood, whereas the education level of the head of the household, lack of financial resources and disputes over agricultural lands/forests were negatively associated with the pastoralists’ adoption of these strategies. We conclude that to avoid infectious disease spread and promote adoption of alternative strategies, the government should pay attention to creating awareness among transhumant communities. Communicating the latest scientific research on infectious disease outbreaks and effective control measures that are translated in an understandable (pictographic) manner could be an effective policy intervention. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7338 SN - 1873-5754 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ullah, Ayat A1 - Sam, Anu Susan A1 - Sathyan, Archana Raghava A1 - Mahmood, Nasir A1 - Zeb, Alam A1 - Kächele, Harald T1 - Role of local communities in forest landscape restoration: Key lessons from the Billion Trees Afforestation Project, Pakistan JF - Science of The Total Environment N2 - The Billion Trees Afforestation Project (BTAP) was launched in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan to conserve existing forests and to increase the area under forest cover. It also aimed to restore environmental conditions, promote rural livelihoods and reduce poverty. To improve the effectiveness of afforestation projects, it is essential to know the role of various factors and their impacts on community participation in landscape restoration. However, these factors and their impacts remain unexplored for the BTAP. This study identifies the factors that influenced rural household participation in the BTAP in Pakistan. The data were collected from participants and nonparticipants in the BTAP as well as from various officials. We employed both qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the data. The results of the focus group discussions and the professional evaluation of the BTAP revealed that participant farmers enjoyed all the benefits of the project at the individual and community levels. However, the project provided only partial benefits to nonparticipant farmers at both levels. The household-level results showed that age, income from forest resources, a friendly relationship with forest department staff, a risk-bearing attitude and membership or involvement in village development committee activities had positive and significant effects on farmer participation, while disputes over land and forest resources, household size and experience with/dependence on livestock farming had negative and significant impacts on farmer participation in the BTAP. Our results suggest that policymakers and project designers should pay more attention to the factors that hindered farmer participation in the BTAP. The participation of landless and disadvantaged groups in the 10-BTAP should be increased to ensure equal and widespread benefits for all users and to ensure a win-win situation of sustainable management of the forest, the environment and livelihood opportunities for all types of forest users. KW - Farmer participation; Sustainable management; Forest, environment and livelihood opportunities Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7326 SN - 1879-1026 IS - 772 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arshad, Muhammad A1 - Abbas, Faisal A1 - Kächele, Harald A1 - Mehmood, Yasir A1 - Mahmood, Nasir A1 - Mueller, Klaus T1 - Analyzing the Impact of Government Social Spending, Population Growth and Foreign Remittances on Human Development in Pakistan: Implications for Policy JF - The European Journal of Development Research N2 - To achieve sustainable future for all, United Nations’ (UNs’) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs-2030) reinforced the formulation of social, economic and human development policies. Pakistan is a country with high population growth rate, among top ten recipients of foreign remittances but facing an acute problem of stagnant human development outcomes over the years. Of note, Pakistan’s economic growth is considered as growth without human face (see Easterly in The political economy of growth without development: A case study of Pakistan, 2001). It is, therefore, important from public policy point of view to understand the short-and long-run dynamics of the relationships between important social, demographic and economic factors. Accordingly, this paper investigates the short-and long-run relationships between population growth, government social spending, foreign remittances inflow and aggregate level of human development in Pakistan using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach of cointegration and error correction models. The cointegration test results showed that there is cointegration among the variables to proceed with the estimations of long-run relationships. Our empirical results confirm the existence of short-and long-run relationships between population growth, remittances inflow and human development in Pakistan. Population growth inversely while remittances inflow positively influenced Pakistan’s human development status both in the short-and long-run. The empirical findings of our study call for designing and implementing robust development policies—that result in effective and sustainable human development—mainly towards viewing population from a more humanitarian and equitable perspective in Pakistan. KW - Population growth; Government expenditures; Foreign remittances inflow; Human development; Sustainable development policy; SDGs; Pakistan; South Asia Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7314 SN - 0957-8811 IS - 34 SP - 1607 EP - 1626 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nautiyal, Sunil A1 - Smitha, K. C. A1 - Kächele, Harald ED - Roy, Niranjan ED - Roychoudhury, Shubhadeep ED - Nautiyal, Sunil ED - Agarwal, Sunil K. ED - Baksi, Sangeeta T1 - Medicinal Plant Biodiversity in India: Harnessing Opportunities for Promoting Livelihood and Food Security T2 - Socio-economic and Eco-biological Dimensions in Resource use and Conservation - Strategies for Sustainability N2 - India’s rich biodiversity is distributed across its ecological regions. Traditional medicinal plants are recognised for their value and they constitute source of livelihood and food security for large Indian population. Cultivation of medicinal plants is also a source of income; thereby improve the standard of living for local communities and reduce poverty. Yet, today Indian medicinal habitat and ecosystem are going through tremendous pressure for meeting the requirement of various pharmaceutical and aroma-chemicals related industries. The objective of this paper is to synthesis the existing information on current status; explore the potential opportunities and constraints in medicinal plant cultivation in India. Based on the documentation of two cases i.e., Bhotiya tribe of Central Himalayan Region and Soliga tribe of Biligiri Ranga-swamy Temple Tiger Reserve (BRTTR), an attempt has been made to suggest a framework for harnessing medicinal plant cultivation for promoting food security in India. Finally, SWOT analysis of medicinal plants and food security in India has been presented. KW - Medicinal plants; Biodiversity; Bhotiya tribal community; Soliga tribal community; Food security Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7306 SN - 978-3-030-32462-9 SP - 135 EP - 169 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Khalili, Niloofar A1 - Arshad, Muhammad A1 - Farajzadeh, Zakaria A1 - Kächele, Harald A1 - Müller, Klaus T1 - Does drought affect smallholder health expenditures? Evidence from Fars Province, Iran JF - Environment, Development and Sustainability N2 - Drought is one of the most frequently occurring natural disasters and results in long-term social, economic and environmental impacts that affect large areas and populations. Over the past decade, Iran has experienced a very severe drought that has affected millions of people. In this paper, we employ a standard consumption regression model to perform a microlevel analysis of the effects of drought on small-farm household health expenditures in rural Iran. We surveyed a sample of 300 small-farm households in the Marvdasht County in Fars Province, Iran. The results showed that drought significantly negatively affects smallholder health spending. Farm households that are affected by severe drought decrease their health expenditures more than less-affected households. Further, for drought-affected farmers, health expenditures are a necessity, as the income elasticity of health expenditures is as low as 0.15. Our findings indicate the importance of designing and implementing a health policy that includes the provision of healthcare services in drought-affected villages by the government, which plays an important role in coping with the health effects of drought. KW - Drought; Health expenditures; Income elasticity; Policy; Iran Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7294 SN - 1573-2975 IS - 23 SP - 765 EP - 788 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mahmood, Nasir A1 - Arshad, Muhammad A1 - Kächele, Harald A1 - Ullah, Ayat A1 - Müller, Klaus T1 - Economic efficiency of rainfed wheat farmers under changing climate: evidence from Pakistan JF - Environmental Science and Pollution Research N2 - Rainfed wheat farming directly depends upon climatic indicators and is mostly at the mercy of climatic extremes. This study analyzed the relationship between the economic efficiency of rainfed wheat farmers and indicators of climate variability in Pakistan employing a two-stage methodological framework. We used farm household level crop input-output and management data and secondary data on climate. In the first stage, a stochastic production frontier (SPF) approach was used to calculate economic efficiency. Then, in the second stage, the calculated economic efficiency scores were regressed against the temperature threshold, temperature anomaly, and total rainfall, in addition to socioeconomic, institutional, and farm variables, using OLS and quantile regression models. The results showed that temperature anomaly and the number of days when temperatures exceed 30 °C have negative and significant impacts on the economic efficiency of rainfed wheat farmers. Total rainfall showed positive and significant impacts across both OLS and quantile regression models. Further, we modeled a novel and very important variable in the context of rainfed wheat production in Pakistan, that is, farmers’ participation in trainings in climate-resilient crop farming. This variable showed a positive and highly significant impact on economic efficiency of wheat farmers across all regression models. Our findings call for important policy implications, including developing up-to-date climate resilient adaptation strategies that are particularly focused on rainfed wheat farming. Establishing strong linkages between extension departments and rainfed wheat farmers could help sustain and improve the efficiency of rainfed wheat farmers and hence food and livelihood security. KW - Climate variability; Economic efficiency; Rainfed wheat; Stochastic production frontier; Quantile regression; Climate resilient crop farming Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7287 SN - 1614-7499 IS - 27 SP - 34453 EP - 34467 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hossain, Md. Shakhawat A1 - Arshad, Muhammad A1 - Qian, Lu A1 - Kächele, Harald A1 - Khan, Imran A1 - Islam, Md Din Il A1 - Mahboob, M. Golam T1 - Climate change impacts on farmland value in Bangladesh JF - Ecological Indicators N2 - Many studies have examined the effects of climate change on farmland value in developed countries, but our understanding of the impact of climate change on farmland value is still very limited, especially in developing countries. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of climate change on farmland value in Bangladesh using the Ricardian model. Household-level data collected from seven selected agroecological zones in Bangladesh were used to estimate the relationships among farmland value and long-term climate, farm household, and policy variables. The results showed that the current land values of farmers are sensitive to climate. A new variable called “flooding” was added to the Ricardian model, and the results indicated that floods are responsible for reductions in farmland value, especially in lowland areas. Among the socio-economic variables, the availability of extension services and access to irrigation facilities were positively correlated with farmland value. The estimated marginal impact results suggested that increases in temperature were associated with losses in small farmland value, whereas the precipitation levels in both seasons positively influenced farmland value. Selected global climate models predicted that climate change would have a negative impact on land value depending on the climate model and source of farm income. The empirical findings obtained from this study are expected to contribute to the formulation of sustainable adaptation strategies to maintain farm productivity and farmland value in Bangladesh in the context of climate change. KW - Climate change; Ricardian model; Farmland value; Flooding; Adaptation; Bangladesh Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7278 SN - 1872-7034 IS - 112 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sam, Anu Susan A1 - Padmaja, Subash Surendran A1 - Kächele, Harald A1 - Kumar, Ranjit A1 - Müller, Klaus T1 - Climate change, drought and rural communities: Understanding people's perceptions and adaptations in rural eastern India JF - International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction N2 - Household's adaptation to drought risk consists of two steps. First step is acquiring knowledge on drought from previous drought experiences. Second step is formulation of local adaptation measures that can reduce drought risk. Lack of knowledge regarding households' perception about droughts and local adaptation measures are identified as barriers in formulating effective adaptation strategies and polices. Therefore, this paper aims to gather information on households' perceptions about drought impacts and local adaption and coping measures. We also analysed the potential determinants that affect the household's preferences for future adaptation and coping strategies. Data for the study was collected from 157 drought prone rural households of Odisha state in India. We employed both qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the data. The major impacts of drought reported by rural people were the yield reduction/loss and issues of various diseases during drought. Although more than half of rural households reported adverse effects of drought, it was not their predominate concern. The most common coping measure adopted by the rural people during drought was reduction in the consumption of rice/cereals. The results indicate that rural people prefer to follow reduction in the food consumption strategy in future also. Family size, gender and education of household head and distance to nearby town influenced the preference of adaptation and coping strategies. This research can stand as one mainstay in providing insights to researches and policy makers in formulating strategies and policies for vulnerability reduction in rural India. Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7269 SN - 2212-4209 VL - 44 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Khalili, Niloofar A1 - Arshad, Muhammad A1 - Farajzadeh, Zakariya A1 - Kächele, Harald A1 - Müller, Klaus T1 - Effect of drought on smallholder education expenditures in rural Iran: Implications for policy JF - Journal of Environmental Management N2 - Drought is a major global environmental challenge. It affects the livelihoods of many people, mainly in developing countries. Iran is one of the most affected and vulnerable countries in the Middle East to drought. In this paper, we present a microlevel analysis by employing the Tobit multiplicative heteroscedasticity regression to examine the effects of drought on small farm household education expenditures in rural Iran. We collected primary data from a sample of 300 smallholders in Marvdasht County in Fars Province of Iran. The results revealed a negative relationship between the farm income and education expenditures. This means that the farm households in rural Iran that were affected by the drought increased their expenditures on education for their children. The analysis of income elasticity indicated that a one percent decrease in farm income led to a 0.86% increase in education expenditures, which indicated that the education expenditures were necessary. Furthermore, we observed that in drought-affected families, girls were more likely to be pulled out of university education than were boys; however, for school education, there were no significant differences between the boys and girls. Our findings revealed the need to provide improved facilities and further finances for education expenditures, especially for female university students, and to formulate environmental management policies that include the provision of education facilities by the government of Iran in drought-affected villages. Our findings also shed light on the presence of positive externalities and the important role of education in helping rural households better cope with the negative repercussions of drought on their livelihoods. Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7250 SN - 1095-8630 IS - 260 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ullah, Ayat A1 - Arshad, Muhammad A1 - Kächele, Harald A1 - Khan, Ayesha A1 - Mahmood, Nasir A1 - Mülle, Klaus T1 - Information asymmetry, input markets, adoption of innovations and agricultural land use in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan JF - Land Use Policy N2 - This paper presents empirical evidence on the effects of information asymmetry in input markets on the adoption of innovations and agricultural land use in rainfed districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Farmers’ input market integration may contribute to innovation and adoption among farmers, which may in turn positively influence the sustainable use of agricultural land. To examine this hypothesis, we conducted a study of farmers and input providers to assess the potential constraints on quality inputs, prices, and extension information. We used a multistage random sampling technique to collect data from 395 respondents. We then compared differences among adopters and non-adopters using the Mann-Whitney U test and Mood’s median test. Our results indicate that there is a significant difference between the adopters and non-adopters when considering their perceptions of asymmetric market information. Non-adopters are suspicious of exaggerated prices, the non-availability of price lists, adulteration of agricultural inputs, unbalanced input weight and the supply of low-quality alternate commodities (e.g., fertilizers and pesticides) in place of the recommended commodities in the markets. Our results call for the reformulation and implementation of appropriate policies to ensure transparent and equal information sharing among farmers engaged in input markets and for the provision of timely and quality inputs assured by regulatory checks and price checks. Free availability of information on innovations and appropriate oversight over markets appear not only to motivate farmers to adopt agricultural technologies but also to influence more sustainable land use practices. Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7240 SN - 0264-8377 VL - 90 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ullah, Ayat A1 - Arshad, Muhammad A1 - Kächele, Harald A1 - Zeb, Alam A1 - Mahmood, Nasir A1 - Müller, Klaus T1 - Socio-economic analysis of farmers facing asymmetric information in inputs markets: evidence from the rainfed zone of Pakistan JF - Technology in Society N2 - Information asymmetry plays an important role in the non-adoption of modern agricultural inputs like improved seeds, pesticides and fertilizers etc. Therefore, this study investigated the role of farmers’ socio-economic attributes and farm level characteristics in avoiding asymmetry of information in agricultural input markets (i.e. exaggerated prices and low quality). The approach captures the farm level heterogeneity and complexity that may help the authorities in strengthening existing market regulations to control price and quality disparities. We analysed 395 randomly selected farm households using multinomial logit model. We found that farmers with large landholding size are less likely to face quality and more likely to face price information asymmetry. Farmers with higher education, more physical assets and better access to other sources of information are less likely to face both quality and price information asymmetry. Borrowers as compared to purchasers are more likely to face information asymmetry on prices of agricultural inputs. Non-adopters of improved agricultural technologies are more suspicious of information asymmetry than adopters. The paper thus provides evidence that the socio-economic dynamics of information asymmetry can have an important influence on wide spread adoption of technology. Paying more attention to farm level heterogeneity and complexity would help to develop general market management plan and improve the adoption of technology by farmers. Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7235 SN - 1879-3274 VL - 63 IS - 101405 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nautiyal, Sunil A1 - Kächele, Harald A1 - Umesh Babu, M. S. A1 - Imran Khan, Y. D. A1 - Dutta, Himangshu T1 - Avian conservation under two management regimes: a case study from the viewpoint of governance and social dimension JF - Environment Systems and Decisions N2 - The tropical regions of the world are highly vulnerable to the loss of biodiversity and the biodiversity of various ecologically important ecosystems in the tropics seems to be in jeopardy. The protected areas alone cannot conserve all the species and, hence, there is the need to expand the conservation approach beyond the boundaries of the protected areas. A study was carried out in two areas known for the conservation of bird species in India, viz. Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary (RBS) and Kokkare Bellur Village Ecosystem (KBV) in the state of Karnataka in South India. In RBS, the top-down approach is followed and bird species are conserved through policy instruments, whereas KBV is a rural ecosystem in which the social instrument has been introduced for the conservation of bird species. Two near-threatened birds Spot-billed Pelican (Pelecanus philippensis) and the Painted Stork (Mycteria leucocephala) are conserved in KBV. KBV is one of the five last breeding sites for the globally threatened bird species, the Spot-billed in India. A study was conducted to document the avifaunal diversity using standard methods and understand various important aspects of bird conservation in both the sites. It revealed that both RBS and KBV efficiently conserved several important bird species and had completely different mechanisms to do so. This helped to develop a proper understanding on different facets of top-down and bottom-up approaches of wildlife conservation. KW - Biodiversity conservation; Protected areas; Environmental and social governance; Village ecosystem; Socio-ecological system; Community based conservation; Avian diversity Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7229 SN - 2194-5403 IS - 40 SP - 148 EP - 169 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mehmood, Yasir A1 - Arshad, Muhammad A1 - Kächele, Harald A1 - Mahmood, Nasir A1 - Kong, Rong T1 - Pesticide residues, health risks, and vegetable farmers’ risk perceptions in Punjab, Pakistan JF - Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal N2 - Extensive use of pesticides in agricultural production results in increased health risks and health costs, productivity loss, and degradation of the environment. Farmers’ risk perceptions of pesticide residues can help mitigate these issues. This paper applies an ordered probit model to analyze farmers’ perceptions of pesticide residues using a cross-sectional dataset of 209 vegetable cultivators in Punjab, Pakistan. Important determinants of farmers’ perceptions include their educational level, family labor, ratio of self-consumed foodstuffs, health effects, integrated pest management (IPM) training, knowledge, and awareness. Among these determinants, farmers’ awareness and IPM training programs are the principle indicators of risk perception. These results have significant implications for policymakers because farmers’ perceptions including overuse of pesticides tend to worsen if supported by the internalization of social norms, which, in turn, is restricted by farmers’ awareness and knowledge. The study findings suggest that special attention should be given to farmers who are limited to receiving information directly from agricultural extension officers. Moreover, intensive IPM training programs should be designed with the aim of conveying precautionary measures for human health and a sustainable agro-ecosystem. KW - farmers; environment; health hazards; health costs; Pakistan Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7218 VL - 27 IS - 3 SP - 846 EP - 864 PB - Taylor & Francis ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mack, Kevin A1 - Schick, Axel A1 - Geyer, Juliane A1 - Kruhlov, Ivan A1 - Dichte, Angela A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. T1 - Ecosystem-based Adaptation in Ukraine based on three UNESCO Biosphere Reserves : Toolbox Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7205 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sabatini, Francesco Maria A1 - Bluhm, Hendrik A1 - Kun, Zoltan A1 - Aksenov, Dmitry A1 - Atauri, José A. A1 - Buchwald, Erik A1 - Burrascano, Sabina A1 - Cateau, Eugénie A1 - Diku, Abdulla A1 - Duarte, Inês Marques A1 - Fernández López, Ángel B. A1 - Garbarino, Matteo A1 - Grigoriadis, Nikolaos A1 - Horváth, Ferenc A1 - Keren, Srđan A1 - Kitenberga, Mara A1 - Kiš, Alen A1 - Kraut, Ann A1 - Ibisch, Pierre L. A1 - Larrieu, Laurent A1 - Lombardi, Fabio A1 - Matovic, Bratislav A1 - Melu, Radu Nicolae A1 - Meyer, Peter A1 - Midteng, Rein A1 - Mikac, Stjepan A1 - Mikoláš, Martin A1 - Mozgeris, Gintautas A1 - Panayotov, Momchil A1 - Pisek, Rok A1 - Nunes, Leónia A1 - Ruete, Alejandro A1 - Schickhofer, Matthias A1 - Simovski, Bojan A1 - Stillhard, Jonas A1 - Stojanovic, Dejan A1 - Szwagrzyk, Jerzy A1 - Tikkanen, Olli-Pekka A1 - Toromani, Elvin A1 - Volosyanchuk, Roman A1 - Vrška, Tomáš A1 - Waldherr, Marcus A1 - Yermokhin, Maxim A1 - Zlatanov, Tzvetan A1 - Zagidullina, Asiya A1 - Kuemmerle, Tobias T1 - European primary forest database v2.0 JF - Scientific Data N2 - Primary forests, defined here as forests where the signs of human impacts, if any, are strongly blurred due to decades without forest management, are scarce in Europe and continue to disappear. Despite these losses, we know little about where these forests occur. Here, we present a comprehensive geodatabase and map of Europe’s known primary forests. Our geodatabase harmonizes 48 different, mostly field-based datasets of primary forests, and contains 18,411 individual patches (41.1 Mha) spread across 33 countries. When available, we provide information on each patch (name, location, naturalness, extent and dominant tree species) and the surrounding landscape (biogeographical regions, protection status, potential natural vegetation, current forest extent). Using Landsat satellite-image time series (1985–2018) we checked each patch for possible disturbance events since primary forests were identified, resulting in 94% of patches free of significant disturbances in the last 30 years. Although knowledge gaps remain, ours is the most comprehensive dataset on primary forests in Europe, and will be useful for ecological studies, and conservation planning to safeguard these unique forests. KW - Biodiversity KW - Conservation biology KW - Forest ecology Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4173 SN - 2052-4463 VL - 8 PB - Nature Publishing Group UK ER - TY - JOUR A1 - MacPherson, Joseph A1 - Voglhuber-Slavinsky, Ariane A1 - Olbrisch, Mathias A1 - Schöbel, Philipp A1 - Dönitz, Ewa A1 - Mouratiadou, Ioanna A1 - Helming, Katharina T1 - Future agricultural systems and the role of digitalization for achieving sustainability goals. A review JF - Agronomy for Sustainable Development N2 - By leveraging a wide range of novel, data-driven technologies for agricultural production and agri-food value chains, digital agriculture presents potential enhancements to sustainability across food systems. Accordingly, digital agriculture has received considerable attention in policy in recent years, with emphasis mostly placed on the potential of digital agriculture to improve efficiency, productivity and food security, and less attention given to how digitalization may impact other principles of sustainable development, such as biodiversity conservation, soil protection, and human health, for example. Here, we review high-level policy and law in the German and European context to highlight a number of important institutional, societal, and legal preconditions for leveraging digital agriculture to achieve diverse sustainability targets. Additionally, we combine foresight analysis with our review to reflect on how future frame conditions influencing agricultural digitalization and sustainability could conceivably arise. The major points are the following: (1) some polices consider the benefits of digital agriculture, although only to a limited extent and mostly in terms of resource use efficiency; (2) law as it applies to digital agriculture is emerging but is highly fragmented; and (3) the adoption of digital agriculture and if it is used to enhance sustainability will be dependent on future data ownership regimes. KW - Digital agriculture; Sustainability; Policy; Foresight; Agri-digital law Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6886 SN - 1773-0155 IS - 42 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Creamer, Rachel E. A1 - Hagens, Mathilde A1 - Baartman, Jantiene A1 - Helming, Katharina T1 - Editorial for special issue on “understanding soil functions – from ped to planet” JF - European Journal of Soil Science Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6870 SN - 1365-2389 VL - 72 IS - 4 SP - 1493 EP - 1496 PB - Wiley ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Techen, Anja-K. A1 - Helming, Katharina A1 - Brüggemann, Nicolas A1 - Veldkamp, Edzo A1 - Reinhold-Hurek, Barbara A1 - Lorenz, Marco A1 - Bartke, Stephan A1 - Heinrich, Uwe A1 - Amelung, Wulf A1 - Augustin, Katja A1 - Boy, Jens A1 - Corre, Marife A1 - Duttman, Rainer A1 - Gebbers, Robin A1 - Gentsch, Norman A1 - Grosch, Rita A1 - Guggenberger, Georg A1 - Kern, Jürgen A1 - Kiese, Ralf A1 - Kuhwald, Michael A1 - Leinweber, Peter A1 - Schloter, Michael A1 - Wiesmeier, Martin A1 - Winkelmann, Traud A1 - Vogel, Hans-Jörg ED - Sparks, Donald L. T1 - Chapter Four - Soil research challenges in response to emerging agricultural soil management practices T2 - Advances in Agronomy N2 - Agricultural management is a key force affecting soil processes and functions. Triggered by biophysical constraints as well as rapid structural and technological developments, new management practices are emerging with largely unknown impacts on soil processes and functions. This impedes assessments of the potential of such emerging practices for sustainable intensification, a paradigm coined to address the growing demand for food and nonfood products. In terms of soil management, sustainable intensification means that soil productivity is increased while other soil functions and services, such as carbon storage and habitat for organisms, are simultaneously maintained or even improved. In this paper we provide an overview of research challenges to better understand how emerging soil management practices affect soil processes and functions. We distinguish four categories of soil management practices: spatial arrangements of cropping systems, crops and rotations, mechanical pressures, and inputs into the soil. Key research needs identified for each include nutrient efficiency in agroforestry versus conventional cropping systems, soil-rhizosphere microbiome elucidation to understand the interacting roles of crops and rotations, the effects of soil compaction on soil–plant–atmosphere interactions, and the ecotoxicity of plastics, pharmaceuticals and other pollutants that are introduced into the soil. We establish an interdisciplinary, systemic approach to soil science and include cross-cutting research activities related to process modeling, data management, stakeholder interaction, sustainability assessment and governance. The identification of soil research challenges from the perspective of agricultural management facilitates cooperation between different scientific disciplines in the field of sustainable agricultural production. KW - Soil functions KW - Agricultural management KW - Future KW - Research challenges Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.agron.2020.01.002 SN - 0065-2113 IS - 161 SP - 179 EP - 240 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Markow, Jekaterina A1 - Fieldsend, Andrew A1 - von Münchhausen, Susanne A1 - Häring, Anna Maria T1 - Building agricultural innovation capacity from the bottom up: Using spillover effects from projects to strengthen agricultural innovation systems JF - Agricultural Systems N2 - CONTEXT Current research emphasises that agricultural innovation projects are influenced in multiple ways by the Agricultural Innovation Systems (AIS) in which they operate. Yet little attention has been paid to the reverse direction of this relationship, i.e. how agricultural innovation projects affect AIS in the course of their innovative activities. Accordingly, there are currently no tools to measure such AIS spillovers from agricultural innovation projects. OBJECTIVE This paper shows that even where agricultural innovation projects have not been designed with the explicit aim of influencing AIS they can have spillovers on the AIS in which they operate. Based on this finding, it argues that designing agricultural innovation projects in a way that maximises such positive and reduces negative AIS spillovers would be a useful tool for strengthening agricultural innovation capacities in a particular territory or sector. METHODS Based on the concept of agricultural innovation projects as Organisational Innovation Systems (OIS) that are embedded in AIS, the paper develops an analytical framework for assessing spillovers of such projects on AIS and applies it to a case study of an Operational Group in the German Federal State of Hessen. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The case study shows that agricultural innovation projects may yield diverse spillovers on the AIS in which they operate. In addition to considering how agricultural innovation projects are shaped – constrained and/or enabled – by AIS, the research community on agricultural innovation should pay more attention to this side of the interrelation of AIS and agricultural innovation projects. Designing agricultural innovation projects responsibly so that spillovers on AIS are monitored can help to improve national or sectoral AIS. SIGNIFICANCE This paper points to an underexplored issue in research on agricultural innovation and, related to this, a thus far unused potential policy tool for improving national and sectoral AIS. It further develops the concept of innovation projects as OIS into an approach for assessing the effects of projects on AIS; an area of project assessment that until now has not been adequately covered. KW - Agricultural innovation system KW - Agricultural innovation project KW - Organisational innovation system KW - Spillover effect KW - Project assessment Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6853 SN - 0308-521X IS - 209 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alff, Henryk A1 - Konysbayev, Talgarbay A1 - Salmyrzauly, Ruslan T1 - Old stereotypes and new openness: discourses and practices of trans-border re- and disconnection in south-eastern Kazakhstan’s agricultural sector JF - Eurasian Geography and Economics N2 - Since the Soviet breakup, rural communities in the Kazakhstan–China borderlands have faced cataclysmic social, economic, and ecological transformations. Collective and state farms have been replaced by precarious smallholder agriculture suffering from a decline in financial inputs and the deterioration of infrastructure. At the same time, dynamic transformations of border permeability (and trans-border reconnections) between Kazakhstan and China have challenged the until relatively recent widespread Soviet rhetoric on Western China (or rather Xinjiang) as an underdeveloped space across the border. This article is based on several months of fieldwork between 2019 and 2021 in Panfilov District, located at major cross-border road and railway intersections and hosting important infrastructural objects, such as a dry port, a major railway transhipment hub, and a trans-border special economic zone. The article explores how the border situation (and the border’s changing permeability for people, commodities, and ideas since the early 1990s) as well as the implementation of new trans-border infrastructures eventually shaped local discourses and practices in the socio-economic development of south-east Kazakhstan’s agricultural sector. It is scrutinized herein how various forms of trans-border socio-economic interactions (although heavily regulated) and China’s (agri-) economic policy in Xinjiang started to affect farmers’ ambitions and practices across the border. KW - Agriculture; infrastructures; China; Central Asia Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6340 SN - 1538-7216 PB - Taylor & Francis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lauterbach, Josephine A1 - Haack, Michaela A1 - Häring, Anna Maria T1 - Co-production of Business Models for Pasture-Based Beef in North-East Germany – Integrating Consumers Preferences JF - Proceedings in system dynamics and innovation in food networks 2022 N2 - Pasture-based cattle rearing systems provide numerous ecosystem services and meet current consumer demands for animal welfare. However, the development of regional value chains from pasture-based beef are inhibited in economically less developed regions, such as North East Germany, as they lack regional slaughtering and processing capacities and show weak cooperation between stakeholders. The real world lab "WertWeideVerbund" aims to co-produce new beef value chains and business models, addressing consumer demands and value chain actors’ interests at the same time. Target group specific and regionally adapted communication approaches are part of these business models and aimed at unlocking market potentials. We conducted an online survey to define consumer groups for pasture-based beef, evaluate their preferences for communication approaches and define their willingness to pay for those products. The questionnaire was partly based on previously collected qualitative data from focus groups and on an extended literature review of existing quality standards for pasture-based beef. The survey revealed different consumer segments based on demographics, frequency of beef purchase, general shopping behaviour and willingness to pay for pasture-raised beef. Respondents preferred communication approaches with a focus on animal welfare and were not particularly interested in regional origin and ranked it equal to other aspects such as information on producers, quality and taste, and biodiversity and climate protection, indicating that there is a demand for further explanation on the advantages of regional production. KW - pasture-raised beef; communication; marketing; animal welfare; regional origin Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6839 SN - 2194-511X SP - 167 EP - 177 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ortiz, Andrea Monica D. A1 - Jamero, Ma. Laurice A1 - Crespin, Silvio Javier A1 - Smith Ramirez, Cecilia A1 - Matias, Denise Margaret A1 - Reyes, Jameela Joy A1 - Pauchard, Aníbal A1 - La Viña, Antonia G. M. T1 - The land and sea routes to 2030: a call for greater attention on all small islands in global environmental policy JF - npj Biodiversity N2 - Islands have unique vulnerabilities to biodiversity loss and climate change. Current Nationally Determined Contributions under the Paris Agreement are insufficient to avoid the irreversible loss of critical island ecosystems. Existing research, policies, and finance also do not sufficiently address small islands’ social-environmental challenges. For instance, the new Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) mentions islands in the invasive species management target. This focus is important, as islands are at high risk to biological invasions; however, this is the only GBF target that mentions islands. There are threats of equal or greater urgency to small islands, including coastal hazards and overexploitation. Ecosystems such as coral reefs and mangroves are crucial for biodiversity, coastal protection, and human livelihoods, yet are unaddressed in the GBF. While research and global policy, including targeted financial flows, have a strong focus on Small Island Developing States (SIDS), the situation of other small islands has been largely overlooked. Here, through a review of policy developments and examples from islands in the Philippines and Chile, we urge that conservation and climate change policies place greater emphasis on acknowledging the diversity of small islands and their unique governance challenges, extending the focus beyond SIDS. Moving forward, global policy and research should include the recognition of small islands as metacommunities linked by interacting species and social-ecological systems to emphasize their connectivity rather than their isolation. Coalition-building and knowledge-sharing, particularly with local, Indigenous and traditional knowledge-holders from small islands, is needed to meet global goals on biodiversity and sustainable development by 2030. KW - Biodiversity; Climate change; Climate-change ecology; Conservation biology; Ecology; Ecosystem services; Invasive species; Policy Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6780 SN - 2731-4243 IS - 2 PB - Nature Publishing Group UK ER -