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  <doc>
    <id>645</id>
    <completedYear>2023</completedYear>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>47</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>57</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>The Finnish Society of Forest Science</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>2023-04-20</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Estimation of conversion factors for wood stacks in landings and their influencing parameters: a comprehensive literature review for America and Europe</title>
    <abstract language="deu">In commercial transaction of stacked roundwood, the estimation of the stack net volume plays a key role. One generalized method to determine the net volume is using conversion factors that relate the gross and net volumes. In this literature review the developed methods to estimate the conversion factors as well as their influencing parameters were analyzed based on 153 references from America and Europe. According to the results, 48 different methods (including their variants) for estimating the conversion factors were developed. The newest methods enabled their accurate determination inexpensively, e.g., photo-optical methods or 3D simulation models. The analyzed references revealed that 30 parameters influence the conversion factors. Based on this comprehensive review, each stakeholder involved in the roundwood supply chain can know which method is used for estimating the conversion factors in the analyzed territories and which influencing parameters should be considered when purchasing roundwood in order to accurately assess the solid wood content in the stacks.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Silva Fennica</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.14214/sf.22018</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2242-4075</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6459</identifier>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-SA - Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Felipe de Miguel-Díez</author>
    <author>Thomas Purfürst</author>
    <author>Mauricio Acuna</author>
    <author>Eduardo Tolosana-Esteban</author>
    <author>Tobias Cremer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>log properties; roundwood measurement; roundwood purchase; stack properties; wood supply chain</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="open_access" number="">open_access</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Fachbereich Wald und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number=""/>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number="">Zweitveröffentlichung</collection>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number="">Referiert</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Hochschule für nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-hnee/files/645/article22018.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>806</id>
    <completedYear>2023</completedYear>
    <publishedYear/>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>243</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>252</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>4</issue>
    <volume>16</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>2023-08-23</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Comparison of wood stack volume determination between manual, photo-optical, iPad-LiDAR and handheld-LiDAR based measurement methods</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The measurement of roadside wood stacks in the forest still plays an important role in many forestry operations. Traditional manual measuring methods can be laborious, inaccurate and error-prone. Therefore, the issue is whether 2.5D or 3D optical remote sensing measuring methods provide more precise or detailed results and advantages in further data processing. This study examined and partly developed nine different manual, photo-optical, iPad®-LiDAR and handheld laser scanner-LiDAR-based wood stack measurement methods. Forty-seven wood stacks, ranging from 8.9 to 209.3 m3 (totalling approximately 2700 m3), were measured and compared using these nine methods. All the methods give volume estimations, and none can be seen to give the real or true wood stack gross volume. Surprisingly, the results varied significantly within and between the individual methods, with up to a 9% mean relative deviation. The relative deviation is strongly dependent on the size of the wood stack. The 3D measurement methods using iPad® RGB and LiDAR recorded lower timber volumes than the other methods, in contrast to the method based on samples taken with handheld laser scanner-LiDAR, which overestimated the volume. Generally, optical- and laser-based surveying techniques could be more widely applied in measuring wood stacks in the future. However, such automatic wood stack gross volume determination approaches still face some challenges, regarding accuracy in the case of the 2.5D methods and the lack of automatisation in the case of 3D methods. Consequently, further research is required in the near future.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3832/ifor4153-016</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8062</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1971-7458</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Thomas Purfürst</author>
    <author>Felipe de Miguel-Díez</author>
    <author>Ferréol Berendt</author>
    <author>Benjamin Engler</author>
    <author>Tobias Cremer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>iPad LiDAR; Wood Stack Volume; 3D Volume; Photo-optical Measurement; Personal Laser Scanner; SLAM; RVR</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="open_access" number="">open_access</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Fachbereich Wald und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number=""/>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number="">Zweitveröffentlichung</collection>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number="">Referiert</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Hochschule für nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-hnee/files/806/iForest_ifor4153-016_Purfurst.pdf</file>
  </doc>
</export-example>
