<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>252</id>
    <completedYear>2021</completedYear>
    <publishedYear/>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>10</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue>2</issue>
    <volume>12</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>MDPI</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>2021-02-20</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Analysis of the Influence That Parameters Crookedness and Taper Have on Stack Volume by Using a 3D-Simulation Model of Wood Stacks</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The influence that parameters crookedness and taper have on the stack volume was analyzed by using a 3D-simulation model in this study. To do so, log length, diameters at the midpoint and both ends, crookedness, bark thickness, taper and ovality were measured in 1000 logs of Scots pine. From this database, several data sets with different proportions of crooked and tapered logs in stack as well as with different degrees of taper and crookedness were created and taken as basis to simulate the stacks and carry out the analysis. The results show how the variation of these parameters influences the stack volume and provide their volume variation grades. These rates of variation were compared with measurement guidelines of some countries and previous research works. In conclusion, the parameters crookedness and taper influence the stack volume to a considerable extent. Specifically, the stack volume is increased as the crookedness degree or the proportion of crooked logs increases. In contrast, the stack volume is reduced as the taper degree or the proportion of tapered logs increases. Furthermore, the results demonstrate the capability of this simulation model to provide accurate results which can serve as a basis for future studies.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Forests</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3390/f12020238</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1999-4907</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2527</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Felipe de Miguel-Díez</author>
    <author>Eduardo Tolosana Esteban</author>
    <author>Thomas Purfürst</author>
    <author>Tobias Cremer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Log properties</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Stack volume</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Solid wood content</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Roundwood measurement</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="674">Holzverarbeitung, Holzprodukte, Kork</collection>
    <collection role="open_access" number="">open_access</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Fachbereich Wald und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number=""/>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number="">Zweitveröffentlichung</collection>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number="">Referiert</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Hochschule für nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-hnee/files/252/forests-12-00238-v2.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>447</id>
    <completedYear>2022</completedYear>
    <publishedYear/>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>17</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue>17(3)</issue>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>2022-03-16</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Development and evaluation of a novel 3D simulation software for modelling wood stacks</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Assessing the solid wood content is crucial when acquiring stacked roundwood. A frequently used method for this is to multiply determined conversion factors by the measured gross volume. However, the conversion factors are influenced by several log and stack parameters. Although these parameters have been identified and studied, their individual influence has not yet been analyzed using a broad statistical basis. This is due to the considerable financial resources that the data collection entails. To overcome this shortcoming, a 3D-simulation model was developed. It generates virtual wood stacks of randomized composition based on one individual data set of logs, which may be real or defined by the user. In this study, the development and evaluation of the simulation model are presented. The model was evaluated by conducting a sensitivity and a quantitative analysis of the simulation outcomes based on real measurements of 405 logs of Norway spruce and 20 stacks constituted with these. The results of the simulation outcomes revealed a small overestimation of the net volume of real stacks: by 1.2% for net volume over bark and by 3.2% for net volume under bark. Furthermore, according to the calculated mean bias error (MBE), the model underestimates the gross volume by 0.02%. In addition, the results of the sensitivity analysis confirmed the capability of the model to adequately consider variations in the input parameters and to provide reliable outcomes.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">PLoS ONE</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0264414</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4472</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1932-6203</identifier>
    <note>The software as well as the database used for the evaluation can be downloaded both at https://www.ag-rohholz.de/themen/projekt-hobeopt and at https://hnee.de/hobeopt. The source code can be accessed at: https://github.com/timpettenkofer/hoposim.</note>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Felipe de Miguel-Díez</author>
    <author>Phillippe Guigue</author>
    <author>Tim Pettenkofer</author>
    <author>Eduardo Tolosana-Esteban</author>
    <author>Thomas Purfürst</author>
    <author>Tobias Cremer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Bark; Simulation and modeling; Wood; Computer software; Computerized simulations; Trees; Measurement; Friction</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="open_access" number="">open_access</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Fachbereich Wald und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number=""/>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number="">Zweitveröffentlichung</collection>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number="">Referiert</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Hochschule für nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-hnee/files/447/journal.pone.0264414.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>448</id>
    <completedYear>2022</completedYear>
    <publishedYear/>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>119</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>128</pageLast>
    <pageNumber>10</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue>2</issue>
    <volume>33</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Taylor &amp; Francis</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>2022-02-21</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Influence of log and stack parameters on the conversion factors for Norway Spruce wood stacks using a 3D simulation model</title>
    <abstract language="eng">One method for estimating the solid wood content in a stack involves using conversion factors and multiplying these by the measured gross volume. The conversion factors can vary depending on several log and stack parameters. The aim of this study was to analyze eleven parameters using a 3D simulation model based on 541 measured logs of Norway spruce. To this end, 50 data sets were created from measured logs, where the parameters of interest in this study (e.g., length, crookedness, taper …) were classified according to different ranges. After that, 64 runs of simulations were carried out. In each simulation run, 150 stacks were modeled. The simulation results were compared with previous studies and with the measurement guidelines of several countries. This analysis revealed that the parameters midpoint diameter, length, crookedness, delimbing quality and the proportion of moderately and highly crooked logs in a stack have a considerable influence on the conversion factors. Taper, proportion of butt logs in a stack and stack height have a modest effect as do the proportion of tapered and crooked logs for low and high taper and low crookedness. In contrast, ovality and the proportion of logs stacked in opposite directions have a marginal influence on the conversion factors. Based on findings from these analyses, the current measurement guidelines of different countries can now be adapted to achieve a higher degree of accuracy.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">International Journal of Forest Engineering</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1080/14942119.2022.2038023</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4482</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1494-2119</identifier>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Felipe de Miguel-Díez</author>
    <author>Tim Pettenkofer</author>
    <author>Evelyn Wallor</author>
    <author>Eduardo Tolosana-Esteban</author>
    <author>Thomas Purfürst</author>
    <author>Tobias Cremer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Roundwood measurement; conversion factors; solid wood content; software development</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="open_access" number="">open_access</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Fachbereich Wald und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number=""/>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number="">Zweitveröffentlichung</collection>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number="">Referiert</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Hochschule für nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-hnee/files/448/de_Miguel-Diez_Influence_of_log.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>645</id>
    <completedYear>2023</completedYear>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>47</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>57</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>The Finnish Society of Forest Science</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>2023-04-20</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Estimation of conversion factors for wood stacks in landings and their influencing parameters: a comprehensive literature review for America and Europe</title>
    <abstract language="deu">In commercial transaction of stacked roundwood, the estimation of the stack net volume plays a key role. One generalized method to determine the net volume is using conversion factors that relate the gross and net volumes. In this literature review the developed methods to estimate the conversion factors as well as their influencing parameters were analyzed based on 153 references from America and Europe. According to the results, 48 different methods (including their variants) for estimating the conversion factors were developed. The newest methods enabled their accurate determination inexpensively, e.g., photo-optical methods or 3D simulation models. The analyzed references revealed that 30 parameters influence the conversion factors. Based on this comprehensive review, each stakeholder involved in the roundwood supply chain can know which method is used for estimating the conversion factors in the analyzed territories and which influencing parameters should be considered when purchasing roundwood in order to accurately assess the solid wood content in the stacks.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Silva Fennica</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.14214/sf.22018</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2242-4075</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6459</identifier>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-SA - Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Felipe de Miguel-Díez</author>
    <author>Thomas Purfürst</author>
    <author>Mauricio Acuna</author>
    <author>Eduardo Tolosana-Esteban</author>
    <author>Tobias Cremer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>log properties; roundwood measurement; roundwood purchase; stack properties; wood supply chain</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="open_access" number="">open_access</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Fachbereich Wald und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number=""/>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number="">Zweitveröffentlichung</collection>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number="">Referiert</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Hochschule für nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-hnee/files/645/article22018.pdf</file>
  </doc>
</export-example>
