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  <doc>
    <id>344</id>
    <completedYear>2021</completedYear>
    <publishedYear/>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>17</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue>16</issue>
    <volume>13</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>MDPI</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>2021-08-22</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Why Do Households Depend on the Forest for Income? Analysis of Factors Influencing Households’ Decision-Making Behaviors</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Using survey information of 150 randomly selected households across 21 villages of the forest-rich district of Swat, Pakistan, this study assessed households’ decision-making behaviors in depending on income from nearby forested land using socio-economic attributes. The evidence from the study may aid in making the existing policies be better targeted toward families that depend on the forest for income. Descriptive statistics and econometric techniques such as logit and tobit were used to analyze the data. Respondent households obtained the highest share of their income from off-farm activities (37%) and least from forest activities (16%). Fuelwood constitutes the biggest share (66%) of forest income, followed by medical plants (20%) and fodder (13%). We found that households with more physical assets, more family members working in off-farm jobs, and households earning more income from off-farm jobs were significantly and negatively associated with households’ decision to depend on forest income and total income obtained. We also found that households with less distance to the market and membership to joint forest management committees (JFMCs) were significantly and negatively associated with households’ total income obtained. However, household size was significantly and positively related to households’ decision of forest dependency. The study recommends the creation of off-farm opportunities and inclusion of local people in the management of forests through establishment of JFMCs, particularly for large and poor families.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Sustainability</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3390/su13169419</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2071-1050</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3441</identifier>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Mazhar Biland</author>
    <author>Alam Zeb</author>
    <author>Ayat Ullah</author>
    <author>Harald Kächele</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>decision-making behavior</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>socio-economic attributes</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>forest income dependency</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>total income obtained</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="open_access" number="">open_access</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Fachbereich Landschaftsnutzung und Naturschutz</collection>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number=""/>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number="">Zweitveröffentlichung</collection>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number="">Referiert</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Hochschule für nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-hnee/files/344/sustainability-13-09419.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>734</id>
    <completedYear>2021</completedYear>
    <publishedYear/>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>103</issue>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>2021-02-02</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Factors influencing the adoption of agroforestry by smallholder farmer households in Tanzania: Case studies from Morogoro and Dodoma</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The adoption of agricultural innovations is a critical adaptation mechanism for smallholder farmers to prepare and deal with potential shocks and uncertainty. Agroforestry is proven to be highly impactful at improving the adaptive capacity of farmers, the resilience of local farming systems and in providing diversified livelihood benefits. The adoption of agroforestry in Tanzania is generally uneven, with some successes and some failures and could be better supported. To do so, understanding the most significant factors influencing the adoption of agroforestry is key. Logistic regression (logit model) is used to analyse household survey data collected from 697 smallholder farmers. Results indicate that only 71 farmers (10.19 %) report planting new trees and actively practicing agroforestry. Farmers who are part of a project, are able to rent land and have a source of seedlings are more likely to adopt agroforestry. When farmers perceive rainfall to be changing, their land rights to be only moderately secure and their right to plant trees to be dependent on obtaining permission from the land owner or family members, they are less likely to adopt agroforestry. If the farmer perceives the land to be relatively fertile and has the intention to improve or maintain the fertility of his plot in the future then the likelihood of adopting agroforestry increases. Policy interventions ought to promote the participation of farmers in agroforestry projects to facilitate knowledge and experience building. Policy interventions should provide a reliable source of agroforestry inputs, such as seedlings to ensure that the resource requirements for agroforestry are well fulfilled. Farmer perceptions of land and agroforestry rights must be emphasized, clarified and streamlined to facilitate better policies. Farmer perceptions related to rainfall and soil fertility highlight a lack of awareness concerning the soil and water conservation benefits of agroforestry. Therefore, these must be better addressed through improved education and extension services. Consideration of farmer perceptions is crucial for the adoption of agroforestry.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Land Use Policy</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105308</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7340</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1873-5754</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <licence>Urheberrechtsschutz</licence>
    <author>Srijna Jha</author>
    <author>Harald Kächele</author>
    <author>Stefan Sieber</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Fachbereich Landschaftsnutzung und Naturschutz</collection>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number=""/>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number="">Referiert</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Hochschule für nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde</thesisPublisher>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>735</id>
    <completedYear>2021</completedYear>
    <publishedYear/>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>66</issue>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>2021-10-12</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Drought shocks and farm household consumption behaviour: Insights from Fars province of Iran</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Drought is one of the most important shocks that has affected many farm households in rural Iran. This paper presents cross-sectional quantitative research with a micro-level analysis of the impacts of drought shocks on food and non-food expenditures of smallholders in rural Iran. Quantile regression model was applied to analyse the data obtained from 300 small farmers in the county of Marvdasht in Fars province, Iran. The results show that households who experience moderate and severe drought, apply a combination of different strategies, which are usually used to deal with idiosyncratic shocks and covariate shocks. A reduction in consumption expenditures is not the only and the first choice coping strategy but is one of the main strategies used by most drought-affected households. Our results further indicate that the non-food expenditures of smallholders in severe drought-affected villages are negatively affected by drought, however, food expenditures are not significantly affected. Non-food expenditures of households with overall lower consumption level were significantly affected. These findings point out the importance of the provision of compensation schemes for smallholders and the designing and implementation of coping mechanisms including non-agricultural job opportunities in drought-affected areas of Fars, Iran.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102625</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7359</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2212-4209</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <licence>Urheberrechtsschutz</licence>
    <author>Niloofar Khalili</author>
    <author>Muhammad Arshad</author>
    <author>Harald Kächele</author>
    <author>Zakariya Farajzadeh</author>
    <author>Klaus Müller</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Fachbereich Landschaftsnutzung und Naturschutz</collection>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number=""/>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number="">Referiert</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Hochschule für nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde</thesisPublisher>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>736</id>
    <completedYear>2021</completedYear>
    <publishedYear/>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>200</issue>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>2021-05-24</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Occupational hazards, health costs, and pesticide handling practices among vegetable growers in Pakistan</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Disregarding protective measures when handling pesticides in agricultural production imposes increased health risks and health costs on farmers as well as degrades the natural ecosystem. In Pakistan, where agriculture is the prime occupation in rural communities, there is overwhelming evidence of indiscriminate use of hazardous pesticides by farmers without taking adequate precautions. Using cross-sectional data, we examined personal protection and health costs to vegetable growers due to pesticide exposure and determinants of farmers' pesticide handling practices. The theory of averting behavior was used, and the possible factors affecting farmers' adoption of safety equipment and of disposal methods for pesticide containers were estimated using a logit model. Health effects (P &lt; 0.05) and farmers' protection and health costs (P &lt; 0.01) are found as important determinants of farmers' adoption of safety equipment and of disposal methods for pesticide containers. The mean protection and health cost of pesticide exposure per farmer per vegetable season in 2019 was US $3.60. Analytical outcomes indicate that safe and recommended pesticide handling practices are needed to be introduced through adequate integrated pest management (IPM) training programs and by improving farmers’ formal education. Thus, creating awareness through IPM training programs among vegetable growers and enhancing formal education to encourage the adoption of precautionary measures and safe disposal methods for pesticide containers may reduce health risks and health costs. Findings imply that adoption of adequate pesticide handling practices would further help reduce occupational hazards and promote sustainable agriculture in Pakistan.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Environmental Research</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.envres.2021.111340</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7366</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1096-0953</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <licence>Urheberrechtsschutz</licence>
    <author>Yasir Mehmood</author>
    <author>Muhammad Arshad</author>
    <author>Nasir Mahmood</author>
    <author>Harald Kächele</author>
    <author>Rong Kong</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Fachbereich Landschaftsnutzung und Naturschutz</collection>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number=""/>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number="">Referiert</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Hochschule für nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde</thesisPublisher>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>737</id>
    <completedYear>2021</completedYear>
    <publishedYear/>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>32</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>2021-02-20</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Farmers’ perceptions and role of institutional arrangements in climate change adaptation: Insights from rainfed Pakistan</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Rainfed farmers are among the most vulnerable farming communities to climate change in Pakistan because of the heavy reliance of crop farming on rain and of farmers’ livelihoods on crop farming. The best and most timely responses against climate change are suitable adaptation measures. Accurately perceiving the risks associated with climate change is an essential factor for planning and then implementing adaptations. Using farm household-level data of 400 rainfed farmers collected through a well-designed and field-tested questionnaire, this study examines the association between various adaptation stages (climate risk perceptions, adaptation planning, and implementation of adaptation) and their determinants using a multivariate probit (MVP) model. The findings indicate that farmers’ perceptions of climatic changes are in line with historical climatic data. Climate risk management (CRM) trainings and digital agriculture extension and communication (DAEC) services (indicators of formal institutional arrangements) show a highly significant impact on all adaptation stages. Input market distance, farmer cooperative meetings (an indicator of informal institutional arrangement), off-farm income, education, and number of male family members are among the other key determinants. A highly significant association between various adaptation stages indicates that accurate climate risk perceptions lead to planning and implementation of adaptations. When risk perceptions are underestimated or lacking, then adaptations do not occur. The results further indicate that the timely availability of reliable information on advanced agricultural inputs, weather parameters, crop farming advisory services, and market information could help rainfed farmers devise sound adaptations to minimize risks associated with climate change. The study recommends the provision of CRM trainings and DAEC services to provide a better understanding and promote sound adaptation planning through the adaptive capacity enhancement of rainfed farming communities for sustainable production and livelihood security.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Climate Risk Management</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2212-0963</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.crm.2021.100288</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7375</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.data">@articleMAHMOOD2021100288, title = Farmers’ perceptions and role of institutional arrangements in climate change adaptation: Insights from rainfed Pakistan, journal = Climate Risk Management, volume = 32, pages = 100288, year = 2021, issn = 2212-0963, doi = https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2021.100288, url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212096321000176, author = Nasir Mahmood and Muhammad Arshad and Yasir Mehmood and Muhammad Faisal Shahzad and Harald Kächele, keywords = Risk perceptions, Adaptation planning, Climate risk management trainings, Digital advisory services, Rainfed, Pakistan, abstract = Rainfed farmers are among the most vulnerable farming communities to climate change in Pakistan because of the heavy reliance of crop farming on rain and of farmers’ livelihoods on crop farming. The best and most timely responses against climate change are suitable adaptation measures. Accurately perceiving the risks associated with climate change is an essential factor for planning and then implementing adaptations. Using farm household-level data of 400 rainfed farmers collected through a well-designed and field-tested questionnaire, this study examines the association between various adaptation stages (climate risk perceptions, adaptation planning, and implementation of adaptation) and their determinants using a multivariate probit (MVP) model. The findings indicate that farmers’ perceptions of climatic changes are in line with historical climatic data. Climate risk management (CRM) trainings and digital agriculture extension and communication (DAEC) services (indicators of formal institutional arrangements) show a highly significant impact on all adaptation stages. Input market distance, farmer cooperative meetings (an indicator of informal institutional arrangement), off-farm income, education, and number of male family members are among the other key determinants. A highly significant association between various adaptation stages indicates that accurate climate risk perceptions lead to planning and implementation of adaptations. When risk perceptions are underestimated or lacking, then adaptations do not occur. The results further indicate that the timely availability of reliable information on advanced agricultural inputs, weather parameters, crop farming advisory services, and market information could help rainfed farmers devise sound adaptations to minimize risks associated with climate change. The study recommends the provision of CRM trainings and DAEC services to provide a better understanding and promote sound adaptation planning through the adaptive capacity enhancement of rainfed farming communities for sustainable production and livelihood security.</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.dataHash">md5:d106f6c9552acca41987c23fd9c0ae3f</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.date">2023-10-09T08:27:30+00:00</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="opus.import.format">bibtex</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.id">6523b97253c1d7.45063383</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Nasir Mahmood</author>
    <author>Muhammad Arshad</author>
    <author>Yasir Mehmood</author>
    <author>Muhammad Faisal Shahzad</author>
    <author>Harald Kächele</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Risk perceptions</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Adaptation planning</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Climate risk management trainings</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Digital advisory services</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Rainfed</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Pakistan</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="open_access" number="">open_access</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Fachbereich Landschaftsnutzung und Naturschutz</collection>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number=""/>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number="">Zweitveröffentlichung</collection>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number="">Referiert</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Hochschule für nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-hnee/files/737/1-s2.0-S2212096321000176-main.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>738</id>
    <completedYear>2021</completedYear>
    <publishedYear/>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>66</issue>
    <volume>66</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Flood vulnerability and food security in eastern India: A threat to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The food security situation in India has improved due to economic growth, increased agricultural productivity, public policies and hunger eradication programmes. Nevertheless, much of India's population still suffers from hunger and poverty. Floods obstruct agricultural production; destroy infrastructure; and disrupt livelihoods, normal services, health care, etc. In this way, floods ultimately affect households' food security. We examined household food security in flood-prone rural areas of India in a more extensive way than in previous studies by constructing an index that incorporates various factors of the food security dimensions. Factors determining the level of flood-prone households' food security were also analyzed. By polychoric principal component analysis, an aggregate food security index was constructed. The food security score was regressed on different explanatory variables to evaluate their effect on the overall food security situation in the study area. Our results showed that three-fourths of the respondent households faced food security issues to varying degrees. Family type, physical assets and employment scheme showed positive impacts on the level of food security of the respondents. In contrast, households with female household heads and those suffering losses of property due to floods were adversely affected in terms of negative impacts on overall food security. The results suggest the need for the adoption of integrated strategies to effectively address food security issues amidst the increased severity of flood events. The study findings are useful for policy makers in India and countries with similar backgrounds to tackle the food insecurity brought about by flood hazards.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2212-4209</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102589</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7383</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.data">@articleSAM2021102589, title = Flood vulnerability and food security in eastern India: A threat to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, journal = International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, volume = 66, pages = 102589, year = 2021, issn = 2212-4209, doi = https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102589, url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212420921005501, author = Anu Susan Sam and Azhar Abbas and Subash Surendran Padmaja and Archana Raghavan Sathyan and Dhanya Vijayan and Harald Kächele and Ranjit Kumar and Klaus Müller, keywords = Odisha, Availability, Access, Stability, Utilization, Vulnerability, abstract = The food security situation in India has improved due to economic growth, increased agricultural productivity, public policies and hunger eradication programmes. Nevertheless, much of India’s population still suffers from hunger and poverty. Floods obstruct agricultural production; destroy infrastructure; and disrupt livelihoods, normal services, health care, etc. In this way, floods ultimately affect households’ food security. We examined household food security in flood-prone rural areas of India in a more extensive way than in previous studies by constructing an index that incorporates various factors of the food security dimensions. Factors determining the level of flood-prone households’ food security were also analyzed. By polychoric principal component analysis, an aggregate food security index was constructed. The food security score was regressed on different explanatory variables to evaluate their effect on the overall food security situation in the study area. Our results showed that three-fourths of the respondent households faced food security issues to varying degrees. Family type, physical assets and employment scheme showed positive impacts on the level of food security of the respondents. In contrast, households with female household heads and those suffering losses of property due to floods were adversely affected in terms of negative impacts on overall food security. The results suggest the need for the adoption of integrated strategies to effectively address food security issues amidst the increased severity of flood events. The study findings are useful for policy makers in India and countries with similar backgrounds to tackle the food insecurity brought about by flood hazards.</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.dataHash">md5:59482891174481c1a535c16ace28ec33</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.date">2023-10-09T08:55:18+00:00</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.file">/tmp/php0RzBFS</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.format">bibtex</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.id">6523bff6e0b662.76404884</enrichment>
    <licence>Urheberrechtsschutz</licence>
    <author>Anu Susan Sam</author>
    <author>Azhar Abbas</author>
    <author>Subash Surendran Padmaja</author>
    <author>Archana Raghavan Sathyan</author>
    <author>Dhanya Vijayan</author>
    <author>Harald Kächele</author>
    <author>Ranjit Kumar</author>
    <author>Klaus Müller</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Odisha</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Availability</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Access</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Stability</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Utilization</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Vulnerability</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Fachbereich Landschaftsnutzung und Naturschutz</collection>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number=""/>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number="">Referiert</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Hochschule für nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde</thesisPublisher>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>739</id>
    <completedYear>2021</completedYear>
    <publishedYear/>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>102</issue>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>2020-12-25</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Tropical forest conversion and its impact on indigenous communities Mapping forest loss and shrinking gathering grounds in the Western Ghats, India</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Conversions of natural forests to forest plantations threaten ecosystems and forest-dependent indigenous populations in many parts of the world. It is crucial to understand the scale and nature of such forest conversions and how they affect forest-dependent communities as a basis for prudent forest management and protection of indigenous livelihoods. This study analyses natural forest conversions and their impacts on tribal communities in the southern Western Ghats, a globally significant biodiversity hotspot. It focuses on two tribal settlements in protected forests within the catchment of the Achankovil River. The study involves time series analysis of forest cover change, based on a historical map and satellite images, field mapping of changes in the tribal communities’ areas of operation, household surveys, and focus group discussions. The analysis shows that the area of protected forest decreased by 53 % from 1978 to 2015. As a result, the size of the tribal communities’ gathering areas considerably shrunk, resulting in a decline in their collection of non-timber forest products and increased dependency on forest plantations labour for their livelihood. This is especially critical as the tribal communities still prefer to depend on natural forests for their sustenance. Preservation of natural forests is hence crucial not only for biodiversity conservation, but also to protect socio-economic and cultural traits of tribal populations.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Land Use Policy</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.105133</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7395</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1873-5754</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <licence>Urheberrechtsschutz</licence>
    <author>Dhanya Vijayan</author>
    <author>Harald Kächele</author>
    <author>Renoy Girindran</author>
    <author>Srikumar Chattopadhyay</author>
    <author>Martin C. Lukas</author>
    <author>Muhammad Arshad</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Fachbereich Landschaftsnutzung und Naturschutz</collection>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number=""/>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number="">Referiert</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Hochschule für nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde</thesisPublisher>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>721</id>
    <completedYear>2021</completedYear>
    <publishedYear/>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>846</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>864</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>3</issue>
    <volume>27</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Taylor &amp; Francis</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>2020-06-11</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Pesticide residues, health risks, and vegetable farmers’ risk perceptions in Punjab, Pakistan</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Extensive use of pesticides in agricultural production results in increased health risks and health costs, productivity loss, and degradation of the environment. Farmers’ risk perceptions of pesticide residues can help mitigate these issues. This paper applies an ordered probit model to analyze farmers’ perceptions of pesticide residues using a cross-sectional dataset of 209 vegetable cultivators in Punjab, Pakistan. Important determinants of farmers’ perceptions include their educational level, family labor, ratio of self-consumed foodstuffs, health effects, integrated pest management (IPM) training, knowledge, and awareness. Among these determinants, farmers’ awareness and IPM training programs are the principle indicators of risk perception. These results have significant implications for policymakers because farmers’ perceptions including overuse of pesticides tend to worsen if supported by the internalization of social norms, which, in turn, is restricted by farmers’ awareness and knowledge. The study findings suggest that special attention should be given to farmers who are limited to receiving information directly from agricultural extension officers. Moreover, intensive IPM training programs should be designed with the aim of conveying precautionary measures for human health and a sustainable agro-ecosystem.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1080/10807039.2020.1776591</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7218</identifier>
    <licence>Urheberrechtsschutz</licence>
    <author>Yasir Mehmood</author>
    <author>Muhammad Arshad</author>
    <author>Harald Kächele</author>
    <author>Nasir Mahmood</author>
    <author>Rong Kong</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>farmers; environment; health hazards; health costs; Pakistan</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Fachbereich Landschaftsnutzung und Naturschutz</collection>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number=""/>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number="">Referiert</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Hochschule für nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde</thesisPublisher>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>729</id>
    <completedYear>2021</completedYear>
    <publishedYear/>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>765</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>788</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>23</issue>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer Nature</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>2020-01-30</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Does drought affect smallholder health expenditures? Evidence from Fars Province, Iran</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Drought is one of the most frequently occurring natural disasters and results in long-term social, economic and environmental impacts that affect large areas and populations. Over the past decade, Iran has experienced a very severe drought that has affected millions of people. In this paper, we employ a standard consumption regression model to perform a microlevel analysis of the effects of drought on small-farm household health expenditures in rural Iran. We surveyed a sample of 300 small-farm households in the Marvdasht County in Fars Province, Iran. The results showed that drought significantly negatively affects smallholder health spending. Farm households that are affected by severe drought decrease their health expenditures more than less-affected households. Further, for drought-affected farmers, health expenditures are a necessity, as the income elasticity of health expenditures is as low as 0.15. Our findings indicate the importance of designing and implementing a health policy that includes the provision of healthcare services in drought-affected villages by the government, which plays an important role in coping with the health effects of drought.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Environment, Development and Sustainability</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s10668-020-00608-1</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7294</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1573-2975</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <licence>Urheberrechtsschutz</licence>
    <author>Niloofar Khalili</author>
    <author>Muhammad Arshad</author>
    <author>Zakaria Farajzadeh</author>
    <author>Harald Kächele</author>
    <author>Klaus Müller</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Drought; Health expenditures; Income elasticity; Policy; Iran</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Fachbereich Landschaftsnutzung und Naturschutz</collection>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number=""/>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number="">Referiert</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Hochschule für nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde</thesisPublisher>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>732</id>
    <completedYear>2021</completedYear>
    <publishedYear/>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>772</issue>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>2021-02-04</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Role of local communities in forest landscape restoration: Key lessons from the Billion Trees Afforestation Project, Pakistan</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The Billion Trees Afforestation Project (BTAP) was launched in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan to conserve existing forests and to increase the area under forest cover. It also aimed to restore environmental conditions, promote rural livelihoods and reduce poverty. To improve the effectiveness of afforestation projects, it is essential to know the role of various factors and their impacts on community participation in landscape restoration. However, these factors and their impacts remain unexplored for the BTAP. This study identifies the factors that influenced rural household participation in the BTAP in Pakistan. The data were collected from participants and nonparticipants in the BTAP as well as from various officials. We employed both qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the data. The results of the focus group discussions and the professional evaluation of the BTAP revealed that participant farmers enjoyed all the benefits of the project at the individual and community levels. However, the project provided only partial benefits to nonparticipant farmers at both levels. The household-level results showed that age, income from forest resources, a friendly relationship with forest department staff, a risk-bearing attitude and membership or involvement in village development committee activities had positive and significant effects on farmer participation, while disputes over land and forest resources, household size and experience with/dependence on livestock farming had negative and significant impacts on farmer participation in the BTAP. Our results suggest that policymakers and project designers should pay more attention to the factors that hindered farmer participation in the BTAP. The participation of landless and disadvantaged groups in the 10-BTAP should be increased to ensure equal and widespread benefits for all users and to ensure a win-win situation of sustainable management of the forest, the environment and livelihood opportunities for all types of forest users.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Science of The Total Environment</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145613</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7326</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1879-1026</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <licence>Urheberrechtsschutz</licence>
    <author>Ayat Ullah</author>
    <author>Anu Susan Sam</author>
    <author>Archana Raghava Sathyan</author>
    <author>Nasir Mahmood</author>
    <author>Alam Zeb</author>
    <author>Harald Kächele</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Farmer participation; Sustainable management; Forest, environment and livelihood opportunities</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Fachbereich Landschaftsnutzung und Naturschutz</collection>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number=""/>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number="">Referiert</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Hochschule für nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde</thesisPublisher>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>733</id>
    <completedYear>2021</completedYear>
    <publishedYear/>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>2021-09-09</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Transhumant pastoralist knowledge of infectious diseases and adoption of alternative land use strategies in the Hindu-Kush Himalayan (HKH) region of Pakistan</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Pastoralists’ awareness of infectious disease outbreaks depends on their socioeconomic characteristics and considerably affects their land use strategies. This study aimed to identify the factors that affect transhumant communities’ awareness of recently emerged Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in humans and foot and mouth disease (FMD) in animals. This study also investigated the key factors that govern the adoption of alternative land use strategies by nonmigrating transhumants to avoid seasonal migration in the Hindu-Kush Himalayan (HKH) region of Pakistan. To link the awareness of disease spread to the adoption of alternative land use strategies, a focus group discussion and a socioeconomic survey were conducted in the study area. A total of 300 households were randomly selected from a nonmigrating transhumant community. The results of the binary logit model showed that landholding size, good relationships with extension field staff, and extension contact were positively related, whereas household education was negatively related to pastoralists’ awareness of infectious disease outbreaks. In the case of adopting alternative strategies to avoid future long-distance migration, our model showed that pastoralists’ awareness of infectious disease outbreaks significantly and positively affected pastoralists’ adoption of these strategies. The other variables that were positively associated with the pastoralists’ adoption of these strategies included good relationships with extension field staff, household size and primary dependence on pastoral-based livelihood, whereas the education level of the head of the household, lack of financial resources and disputes over agricultural lands/forests were negatively associated with the pastoralists’ adoption of these strategies. We conclude that to avoid infectious disease spread and promote adoption of alternative strategies, the government should pay attention to creating awareness among transhumant communities. Communicating the latest scientific research on infectious disease outbreaks and effective control measures that are translated in an understandable (pictographic) manner could be an effective policy intervention.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Land Use Policy</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105729</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7338</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1873-5754</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <licence>Urheberrechtsschutz</licence>
    <author>Ayat Ullah</author>
    <author>Alam Zeb</author>
    <author>Jinlong Liu</author>
    <author>Nasir Mahmood</author>
    <author>Harald Kächele</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Fachbereich Landschaftsnutzung und Naturschutz</collection>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number=""/>
    <collection role="Hochschulbibliographie" number="">Referiert</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Hochschule für nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde</thesisPublisher>
  </doc>
</export-example>
