@article{ZouDingWelpetal.2020, author = {Zou, Jie and Ding, Jianli and Welp, Martin and Huang, Shuai and Liu, Bohua}, title = {Assessing the Response of Ecosystem Water Use Efficiency to Drought During and after Drought Events across Central Asia}, series = {Sensors}, volume = {20}, journal = {Sensors}, number = {3}, publisher = {MDPI}, doi = {10.3390/s20030581}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2361}, pages = {17}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The frequency and intensity of drought are expected to increase worldwide in the future. However, it is still unclear how ecosystems respond to drought. Ecosystem water use efficiency (WUE) is an essential ecological index used to measure the global carbon-water cycles, and is defined as the carbon absorbed per unit of water lost by the ecosystem. In this study, we applied gross primary productivity (GPP), evapotranspiration (ET), land surface temperature (LST), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data to calculate the WUE and drought index (temperature vegetation dryness index (TVDI)), all of which were retrieved from moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. We compared the mean WUE across different vegetation types, drought classifications, and countries. The temporal and spatial changes in WUE and drought were analyzed. The correlation between drought and WUE was calculated and compared across different vegetation types, and the differences in WUE between drought and post-drought periods were compared. The results showed that (1) ecosystems with a low (high) productivity had a high (low) WUE, and the mean ecosystem WUE of Central Asia showed vast differences across various drought levels, countries, and vegetation types. (2) The WUE in Central Asia exhibited an increasing trend from 2000 to 2014, and Central Asia experienced both drought (from 2000 to 2010) and post-drought (from 2011 to 2014) periods. (3) The WUE showed a negative correlation with drought during the drought period, and an obvious drought legacy effect was found, in which severe drought affected the ecosystem WUE over the following two years, while a positive correlation between WUE and drought was found in the post-drought period. (4) A significant increase in ecosystem WUE was found after drought, which revealed that arid ecosystems exhibit high resilience to drought stress. Our results can provide a specific reference for understanding how ecosystems will respond to climate change.}, language = {en} } @article{LoebijinskiRugPasternak2020, author = {Loebijinski, Maria and Rug, Wolfgang and Pasternak, Hartmut}, title = {The Influence of Improved Strength Grading In Situ on Modelling Timber Strength Properties}, series = {Buildings}, volume = {10}, journal = {Buildings}, number = {2}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2075-5309}, doi = {10.3390/buildings10020030}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2357}, pages = {15}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The management and preservation of structures in our built environment are central and challenging tasks for practicing engineers. Within the CEN member states (European Committee for Standardization), the so-called Eurocodes form the basis of the design and verification of the load-bearing capacity of structures. Current Eurocodes do not contain special recommendations for existing structures, meaning that the principles for new structures are applied. This can lead to an incorrect estimation of the load-bearing capacity within the semi-probabilistic safety concept. A central task within the investigation and evaluation of existing structures is the strength grading of the material in situ using non-/semi-destructive technical devices. Studies show the potential of the ultrasonic time-of-flight measurement in combination with visual evaluation for an improved grading. The information on the material from an improved grading technique can be used to update the material parameters as a target variable using a measured reference variable. In this contribution, test data from a partner project (spruce, pine, and oak) are analyzed, applying the stochastic grading model of P{\"o}hlmann and Rackwitz. It can be shown that different grading techniques influence the updated distribution function of the material strength within the grade. The results depend on the timber species. Perspectives to develop updated models dependent on the knowledge available are shown and discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{SanneAhnErcanPfriem2020, author = {Sanne, Moritz and Ahn-Ercan, Gudrun and Pfriem, Alexander}, title = {A Mathematical Solution for Calculating the Springback of Laminated Beech Stacks Molded within the Elastic Range}, series = {Forests}, journal = {Forests}, number = {11 (7)}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {1999-4907}, doi = {10.3390/f11070725}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2335}, pages = {12}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The springback effect in molded wood laminations within the elastic range has, to date, not yet been mathematically described. Once cured, residual internal stresses within the laminations cause the final form to deviate from that of the die. Test pieces of beech laminations of 1 mm, 2 mm and 4 mm thicknesses and stack sizes of between 2 and 16 laminations were used. The elasticity value of each stack was obtained using non-glued laminations in a three-point bending test within the elastic region. The laminations were glued with polyurethane resin and mounted in a radius form die. The stress induced by the die onto the stack is within the elastic region of the material without any prior chemical or physical plasticisation of the wood. After curing was complete and the laminations removed from the die, the actual radius was calculated using a circular equation within the CAD program, using three measurement points taken from the stack. The radius of the die within the limits of this study has a negligible effect when predicting the springback of the stack. The exponential correlation between springback and the number of laminations, was used to calculate the springback effect on molded laminated stacks.}, language = {en} } @article{ZicheRiekRussetal.2021, author = {Ziche, Daniel and Riek, Winfried and Russ, Alexander and Hentschel, Rainer and Martin, Jan}, title = {Water Budgets of Managed Forests in Northeast Germany under Climate Change - Results from a Model Study on Forest Monitoring Sites}, series = {Applied Sciences}, volume = {11}, journal = {Applied Sciences}, number = {5}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2076-3417}, doi = {10.3390/app11052403}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2470}, pages = {18}, year = {2021}, abstract = {To develop measures to reduce the vulnerability of forests to drought, it is necessary to estimate specific water balances in sites and to estimate their development with climate change scenarios. We quantified the water balance of seven forest monitoring sites in northeast Germany for the historical time period 1961-2019, and for climate change projections for the time period 2010-2100. We used the LWF-BROOK90 hydrological model forced with historical data, and bias-adjusted data from two models of the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) downscaled with regional climate models under the representative concentration pathways (RCPs) 2.6 and 8.5. Site-specific monitoring data were used to give a realistic model input and to calibrate and validate the model. The results revealed significant trends (evapotranspiration, dry days (actual/potential transpiration < 0.7)) toward drier conditions within the historical time period and demonstrate the extreme conditions of 2018 and 2019. Under RCP8.5, both models simulate an increase in evapotranspiration and dry days. The response of precipitation to climate change is ambiguous, with increasing precipitation with one model. Under RCP2.6, both models do not reveal an increase in drought in 2071-2100 compared to 1990-2019. The current temperature increase fits RCP8.5 simulations, suggesting that this scenario is more realistic than RCP2.6}, language = {en} } @article{MehtaEhrenwirthMissalletal.2021, author = {Mehta, Kedar and Ehrenwirth, Mathias and Missall, Siegmund and Degembaeva, Nadira and Akmatov, Kuban and Z{\"o}rner, Wilfried}, title = {Energy Profiling of a High-Altitude Kyrgyz Community: Challenges and Motivations to Preserve Floodplain Ecosystems Based on Household Survey}, series = {Sustainabilty}, volume = {13}, journal = {Sustainabilty}, number = {23}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2071-1050}, doi = {10.3390/su132313086}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2468}, pages = {23}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The floodplain areas along the Naryn River in Kyrgyzstan are essential as they hold the riparian (local) ecosystems because they provide firewood, pastureland, and areas for recreation and protection against erosion. Due to limited access to adequate, reliable, and sustainable energy services, the rural population usually derived their energy needs from multiple natural energy resources (i.e., firewood, charcoal, agricultural residues, animal dung, and wood branches). This is considered a common and predominant practice in rural Kyrgyzstan. This situation leads to a negative impact on local ecosystem services. In addition to that, the reliance on solid fuels contributes to indoor and outdoor air pollution, which is partially threatening the local ecosystem services. By contrast, the employment of renewable-based energy supply systems would substantially reduce the burden on the environment, which is mainly untapped. To integrate renewable energies, it is important to understand the energy behavior of floodplain communities. In that response, the presented article is the first attempt to capture the energy identity of the floodplain community of Kyrgyzstan based on a quantitative energy-based (on-site) household survey. Furthermore, the present research article synthesizes the driving factors that have a (direct or indirect) impact on the energy and local ecosystem services. In addition, the present article proposes a brief pathway for the sustainable energy transition. The article records the recommendation to integrate renewable energies to preserve the local ecosystems of Kyrgyzstan.}, language = {en} } @article{ShiHalikAblizetal.2020, author = {Shi, Lei and Halik, {\"U}m{\"u}t and Abliz, Abdulla and Mamat, Zulpiya and Welp, Martin}, title = {Urban Green Space Accessibility and Distribution Equity in an Arid Oasis City: Urumqi, China}, series = {Forests}, volume = {11}, journal = {Forests}, number = {6}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {1999-4907}, doi = {10.3390/f11060690}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2385}, pages = {17}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Urban green space (UGS) is crucial to the healthy development of urban residents. However, UGS that is accessible can benefit residents to an even greater degree. Based on the two-step floating catchment area model (2SFCA) and the location quotient (LQ), we analyzed the changes from 1999 to 2019 in UGS walking accessibility and equity in built-up areas of Urumqi at different administrative levels, and how UGS policy affects the improvement of accessibility. The results showed that UGS accessibility and equity are not evenly distributed at different administrative levels and UGS categories. Although the overall UGS accessibility and equity has improved with policy implementation, these changes are caused by metro-level UGS construction in urban fringe areas. The improvement in UGS accessibility at the neighborhood level in densely populated areas is neglected, which leads to a mismatch between UGS construction and population distribution. In addition, the accessibility of UGS is also limited by geographical location, population density, road distribution, and water shortage in arid metropolitan Urumqi. Our research results provide a theoretical basis for Urumqi and other cities in the optimization of UGS structure and the realization of social equity.}, language = {en} } @article{SchusterSpechtRieger2021, author = {Schuster, Rolf K. and Specht, Peter and Rieger, Siegfried}, title = {On the Helminth Fauna of the Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus (Linnaeus, 1766)) in the Barnim District of Brandenburg State/Germany}, series = {Animals}, volume = {11}, journal = {Animals}, number = {8}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2076-2615}, doi = {10.3390/ani11082444}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2496}, pages = {15}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The muskrat is a neozoon species that has occupied many countries of continental North Europe after its introduction from north America as fur animals. Due to its burrowing activity it damages river and canal banks and structures of flood control. For this reason, the eradication of this alien species is recommended. Muskrats are also of parasitological interest since they can act as suitable intermediate hosts for Echinococcus multilocularis. On the other hand, little is known on the other helminths that infect muskrats. A total of 130 muskrats of different age groups trapped in different habitats in the Barnim district of the Brandenburg state by a professional hunter were examined for parasites and seven trematodes (Echinostoma sp., Notocotylus noyeri, Plagiorchis elegans, Plagiorchis arvicolae, Psilosostoma simillimum, P. spiculigerum, Opisthorchis felineus and four larval cestode species (Hydatigera taeniaeformis, Taenia martis, Taenia polyacantha, Taenia crassiceps) were detected. Larval stages of E. multilocularis were not found. O. felineus was found for the first time in muskrats in Germany. All the named parasites were present in Europe prior to the introduction of muskrats. With a prevalence of 48.9\%, Strobilocercus fasciolaris, the larval stage of the cat tapeworm, H. taeniaeformis, was the most frequent parasite found in adult muskrats.}, language = {en} } @article{BlumroederHoffmannIlinaetal.2020, author = {Blumr{\"o}der, Jeanette Silvin and Hoffmann, Monika T. and Ilina, Olga and Winter, Susanne and Hobson, Peter R. and Ibisch, Pierre L.}, title = {Clearcuts and related secondary dieback undermine the ecological effectiveness of FSC certification in a boreal forest}, series = {Ecological Process}, journal = {Ecological Process}, number = {9}, publisher = {SpringerOpen}, issn = {2192-1709}, doi = {10.1186/s13717-020-0214-4}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2414}, pages = {9}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Background: Over the last 25 years, the prominent forest certification system established by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) has used by many companies worldwide for claiming responsible forest management. The objectives of the Russian National FSC standard to decrease the size of clearcuts and the retention of forest elements such as residual seed trees need on-site validation to proof the effectiveness of FSC. To assess the ecological impacts of harvesting practices and benefits of FSC certification, we geospatially compared logging activities with and without FSC certification. Within a sample area covering approximately 3,000 km 2 in the east of the Russian Arkhangelsk Region, we used available data on tree cover loss and satellite images to assess secondary impacts of clearcuttings on adjacent remnant forests and to quantify the logging intensity. Additionally, the size and structure as well as the density of skidding trails of ten specific clearcuttings located within the sample area were surveyed using satellite images and in the field observation to delineate the boundaries of clearcuts and forested remnants within the clearcuts. Results: We found a significant increase of small-scale tree cover loss in the proximity of the clearcuts. Patchy dieback is possibly linked to the scale and intensity of logging in the surroundings. On the investigated clearcuts, FSC failed to reduce the size, to increase the retention of forest remnants including seed trees on logged areas, and to maintain larger tracts of undisturbed ground and soil compared to clearcuts that were logged before they received FSC-certification. Conclusions: Trees and forest remnants remaining inside an increasingly stressed forest ecosystem matrix may not resist further harvesting-related and climate change-induced stresses and disturbances. Large-scale clearcuttings seem to have negative impacts even in adjacent forests and undermine the ecological effectiveness of FSC certification in the study area. The Russian FSC standard is not clearly setting effective guidelines that induce a change in clearcutting practices in order to reduce ecological risks.}, language = {en} } @article{SchillaciSchmidtMiranda2021, author = {Schillaci, Guido and Schmidt, Uwe and Miranda, Luis}, title = {Prediction Error-Driven Memory Consolidation for Continual Learning: On the Case of Adaptive Greenhouse Models}, series = {KI - K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz}, volume = {35}, journal = {KI - K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz}, publisher = {Springer}, issn = {1610-1987}, doi = {10.1007/s13218-020-00700-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2510}, pages = {71 -- 80}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This work presents an adaptive architecture that performs online learning and faces catastrophic forgetting issues by means of an episodic memory system and of prediction-error driven memory consolidation. In line with evidence from brain sciences, memories are retained depending on their congruence with the prior knowledge stored in the system. In this work, congruence is estimated in terms of prediction error resulting from a deep neural model. The proposed AI system is transferred onto an innovative application in the horticulture industry: the learning and transfer of greenhouse models. This work presents models trained on data recorded from research facilities and transferred to a production greenhouse.}, language = {en} } @article{IbischDichteHamoretal.2021, author = {Ibisch, Pierre L. and Dichte, Angela and Hamor, Fedir D. and Holovko, Andrii and Pokynchereda, Vasyl F. and Ryback, Mykola P. and Shvediuk, Iuliia}, title = {About borders and limits: experiences with UNESCO Biosphere Reserves for transboundary cooperation in Ukraine and neighbouring countries}, series = {eco.mont - Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research and Management}, volume = {13}, journal = {eco.mont - Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research and Management}, publisher = {Verlag der {\"O}sterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften}, issn = {2073-1558}, doi = {10.1553/eco.mont-13-sis136}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2508}, pages = {136 -- 141}, year = {2021}, abstract = {In Eastern Europe, several UNESCO Biosphere Reserves (BRs) have been important promoters of transnational and transboundary nature conservation and sustainable development. Nevertheless, political and institutional barriers and scarcity of resources have hindered successful cross-border cooperation. The prospects for BRs in Eastern Europe are mixed, especially in relation to the challenges of ecosystem degradation and climate change, as well as socioeconomic and (geo)political crises. Based on our own experience of one and a half decades of growing cooperation between partners in Ukraine and Germany, we conclude that transnational cooperation between BRs and science is particularly rewarding and mutually beneficial.}, language = {en} } @article{MissallWelpMehtaetal.2022, author = {Missall, Siegmund and Welp, Martin and Mehta, Kedar and Degembaeva, Nadira and Akmatov, Kuban and Z{\"o}rner, Wilfried}, title = {In Search for the Optimal Forest Use Behaviour: Riparian Forest Use in Central Asia, Using the Example of Ak-Tal, Naryn, Kyrgyzstan}, series = {Forests}, volume = {13}, journal = {Forests}, number = {8}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {1999-4907}, doi = {10.3390/f13081254}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3508}, pages = {19}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Riparian forests are rare and valuable ecosystems in Central Asia, both due to their significance for biodiversity and to their provision of vital ecosystem services to local residents. However, the actual forest use behaviour is under-researched, official figures may not be trustworthy, and the question of over-use is up in the air. This paper sets out to shed light on riparian forest use behaviour by local residents using the example of Ak-Tal Village upon the Naryn River in Kyrgyzstan: Which economic use patterns do they practice (focusing on fuel wood and pasture)? Which other ecosystem services do they recognise? Is there forest over-exploitation? To answer these questions, this study builds on local knowledge, by applying the methods of focus group discussions and a household survey. Results show an extreme discrepancy between official wood consumption figures (50-60 m3 p.a.) and figures based on household wood consumption (310-404 m3 p.a.). The forest also serves as an important winter pasture over the seven months between October and April (stocking density 0.61 livestock units/ha), but payments for these ecosystem services are low, with annually 40 KGS/ha. Local residents are aware of additional material and nonmaterial ecosystem services of the riparian forest. Opinions diverge upon the question if there is forest over-exploitation, potentially because different stakeholders have different concepts of an optimal forest status. Consequently, optimal forest use behaviour can only be defined by the local users themselves, e.g., in a future stakeholder dialogue.}, language = {en} } @article{RussRiekWessolek2021, author = {Russ, Alexander and Riek, Winfried and Wessolek, Gerd}, title = {Three-Dimensional Mapping of Forest Soil Carbon Stocks Using SCORPAN Modelling and Relative Depth Gradients in the North-Eastern Lowlands of Germany}, series = {Applied Sciences}, volume = {11}, journal = {Applied Sciences}, number = {2}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2076-3417}, doi = {10.3390/app11020714}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3427}, pages = {28}, year = {2021}, abstract = {To cope with the challenges in forest management that are contemporarily caused by climate change, data on current chemical and physical soil properties are more and more necessary. For this purpose, we present a further amalgam of depth functions and SCORPAN modelling to provide data at arbitrary depth layers. In this concept, regionalisation is split up into the modelling of plot totals and the estimation of vertical distributions. The intended benefits by splitting up are: consistency between estimates on plot level and depth layer level, avoidance of artificial depth gradients, straightforward interpretation of covariates in the sense of pedogenetic processes, and circumnavigation of the propagation of uncertainties associated with separation between horizons during field sampling. The methodology was tailored to the circumstances within the north-eastern lowlands and the utilisation of current inventory data of the National Forest Soil Inventory (NFSI) in Brandenburg (Germany). Using the regionalisation of soil organic carbon (SOC) as an example, the application is demonstrated and discussed in detail. The depth to groundwater table and terrain parameters related to the catchment area were the main factors in SOC storage. The use of kriging did not improve the model performance. The relative depth gradients of SOC were especially distinguished by tree species composition and stand age. We suppose that interesting fields of application may be found in scenario-based modelling of SOC and when SOC serves as a basis for hydrological modelling.}, language = {en} } @article{RiekRussMarx2021, author = {Riek, Winfried and Russ, Alexander and Marx, Marc}, title = {Concentrations of Inorganic and Organic Pollutants in Forest Soils as an Archive of Anthropogenic Inputs in the State of Brandenburg, Germany}, series = {Applied Sciences}, volume = {11}, journal = {Applied Sciences}, number = {3}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2076-3417}, doi = {10.3390/app11031189}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3430}, pages = {22}, year = {2021}, abstract = {An important component of the National Forest Soils Inventory (NFSI) is the investigation of inorganic and organic pollutants. Forests are able to filter out large quantities of these substances from the atmosphere and incorporate them into the soil for a long time. The aim of this study was the integrative evaluation of organic and inorganic pollutant concentrations in forest soils in the state of Brandenburg, Germany. With the help of principle component analysis, the pollutant concentrations can essentially be explained by three significant environmental components, which explain 76\% of the total variance of all pollutants examined within the scope of the NFSI. The first component characterizes the extent of the atmospheric pollution caused by flue gases and fly ash from lignite combustion in the 1970s and 1980s and is mainly charged by the organic pollutants HCB and PAH, and the elements arsenic and chromium. This component shows positive relation to both spatially interpolated calcium-deposition data from the 1980s (as an indicator for the dust emission from coal combustion) and crown defoliation data of pine stands from the forest condition survey in the early 1990s. The depositions of zinc and cadmium from industrial sources, vehicle traffic and the use of fertilizers in agriculture mainly characterize the second principle component. The use of the pesticides DDT and lindane in the early 1980s and the associated pollutants input into the forest soils are expressed by the third component. In expanding the term archiving function of soils, the results illustrate their particular importance for the long-term archiving of anthropogenic inputs and the associated potential stress factors for forests.}, language = {en} } @article{BussolaFalcoAukesetal.2021, author = {Bussola, Francesca and Falco, Enzo and Aukes, Ewert and Stegmaier, Peter and Sorge, Stefan and Ciolli, Marco and Gagliano, Caterina and Geneletti, Davide}, title = {Piloting a more inclusive governance innovation strategy for forest ecosystem services management in Primiero, Italy}, series = {Ecosystem Services}, volume = {52}, journal = {Ecosystem Services}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101380}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2531}, pages = {17}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Forests are increasingly recognized for their role, importance and multifunctionality in terms of provisioning, regulating and cultural ecosystem services they provide. Even if timber production remains the most economically valuable provisioning service in Primiero, the importance of and need for multifunctionality of forests is acknowledged. This article analyses the development of Forest Ecosystem Services (FES) governance innovation strategies by the Provincial Forest Agency as a policy entrepreneur in the area of Primiero, in Trentino, northeast of Italy. Based on detailed case study material, we create the heuristic of Kingdon's three streams model in order to reconstruct the development of and negotiations around the introduction of innovative approaches to the problem, policy and politics levels and to identify the chosen or missed windows of opportunity to deliver innovation in FES management. Findings show that the main issues perceived by the local stakeholders concern loss of biodiversity, of cultural identity and historical landscape values. The policy-entrepreneurial initiatives undertaken by the Forest Agency represent a governance mix of direct project execution, financial incentives, organisational incentives and information-based activities. The results highlight its efforts to move beyond the traditional top-down approach based on widely available public funds and towards coordination and collaborations among stakeholders, contribution of private investments, bureaucracy simplification and interconnection between participatory and institutional processes.}, language = {en} } @article{BoseScherrerCamareroetal.2021, author = {Bose, Arun K. and Scherrer, Daniel and Camarero, j. Julio and Ziche, Daniel and Babst, Flurin and Bigler, Christof and Bolte, Andreas and Dorado-Li{\~n}{\´a}n, Isabel and Etzold, Sophia and Fonti, Patrick and Forrester, David I. and Gavinet, Jordane and Gazol, Antonio and Gonz{\´a}lez de Andr{\´e}s, Ester and Karger, Dirk Nikolaus and Lebourgeois, Francois and L{\´e}vesque, Mathieu and Mart{\´i}nez-Sancho, Elisabet and Menzel, Annette and Neuwirth, Burkhard and Nicolas, Manuel and Sanders, Tanja G. M. and Scharnweber, Tobias and Schr{\"o}der, Jens and Zweifel, Roman and Gessler, Arthur and Rigling, Andreas}, title = {Climate sensitivity and drought seasonality determine post-drought growth recovery of Quercus petraea and Quercus robur in Europe}, series = {Science of The Total Environment}, volume = {784}, journal = {Science of The Total Environment}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {1879-1026}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147222}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2609}, pages = {13}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Recent studies have identified strong relationships between delayed recovery of tree growth after drought and tree mortality caused by subsequent droughts. These observations raise concerns about forest ecosystem services and post-drought growth recovery given the projected increase in drought frequency and extremes. For quantifying the impact of extreme droughts on tree radial growth, we used a network of tree-ring width data of 1689 trees from 100 sites representing most of the distribution of two drought tolerant, deciduous oak species (Quercus petraea and Quercus robur). We first examined which climatic factors and seasons control growth of the two species and if there is any latitudinal, longitudinal or elevational trend. We then quantified the relative departure from pre-drought growth during droughts, and how fast trees were able to recover the pre-drought growth level. Our results showed that growth was more related to precipitation and climatic water balance (precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration) than to temperature. However, we did not detect any clear latitudinal, longitudinal or elevational trends except a decreasing influence of summer water balance on growth of Q. petraea with latitude. Neither species was able to maintain the pre-drought growth level during droughts. However, both species showed rapid recovery or even growth compensation after summer droughts but displayed slow recovery in response to spring droughts where none of the two species was able to fully recover the pre-drought growth-level over the three post-drought years. Collectively, our results indicate that oaks which are considered resilient to extreme droughts have also shown vulnerability when droughts occurred in spring especially at sites where long-term growth is not significantly correlated with climatic factors. This improved understanding of the role of drought seasonality and climate sensitivity of sites is key to better predict trajectories of post-drought growth recovery in response to the drier climate projected for Europe.}, language = {en} } @article{deMiguelDiezTolosanaEstebanPurfuerstetal.2021, author = {de Miguel-D{\´i}ez, Felipe and Tolosana Esteban, Eduardo and Purf{\"u}rst, Thomas and Cremer, Tobias}, title = {Analysis of the Influence That Parameters Crookedness and Taper Have on Stack Volume by Using a 3D-Simulation Model of Wood Stacks}, series = {Forests}, volume = {12}, journal = {Forests}, number = {2}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {1999-4907}, doi = {10.3390/f12020238}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2527}, pages = {10}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The influence that parameters crookedness and taper have on the stack volume was analyzed by using a 3D-simulation model in this study. To do so, log length, diameters at the midpoint and both ends, crookedness, bark thickness, taper and ovality were measured in 1000 logs of Scots pine. From this database, several data sets with different proportions of crooked and tapered logs in stack as well as with different degrees of taper and crookedness were created and taken as basis to simulate the stacks and carry out the analysis. The results show how the variation of these parameters influences the stack volume and provide their volume variation grades. These rates of variation were compared with measurement guidelines of some countries and previous research works. In conclusion, the parameters crookedness and taper influence the stack volume to a considerable extent. Specifically, the stack volume is increased as the crookedness degree or the proportion of crooked logs increases. In contrast, the stack volume is reduced as the taper degree or the proportion of tapered logs increases. Furthermore, the results demonstrate the capability of this simulation model to provide accurate results which can serve as a basis for future studies.}, language = {en} } @article{TakovPilarskaLindeetal.2021, author = {Takov, Danail and Pilarska, Daniela and Linde, Andreas and Barta, Marek}, title = {Infectious and parasitic diseases of phytophagous insect pests in the context of extreme environmental conditions}, series = {Central European Forestry Journal}, volume = {67}, journal = {Central European Forestry Journal}, number = {2}, publisher = {Sciendo}, issn = {2454-0358}, doi = {10.2478/forj-2020-0018}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2541}, pages = {72 -- 84}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The density of phytophagous insect pest populations is related (directly and indirectly) to several groups of factors that can be broadly divided into: abiotic, biotic and anthropogenic. Each extreme in the abiotic environment at a macro-level leads to a series of consecutive extremes in the biotic environment, which eventually results in micro-level responses in the individual organisms. The manifestation of factors acts in aggregate or in a sequence, creating a chain of processes around us. Insects very efficiently use the abundance of nutritional resources, resulting in a tremendous increase in their population density, and triggering control mechanisms through the emergence of parasitic and pathogenic infections (viruses, bacteria, fungi, microsporidia, protozoa and nematodes). The development of entomopathogenic infections in host populations is directly dependent on the characteristics of both the antagonist and the insect. It is associated with the lifestyle and life cycle of the insect, with features encoded in the mechanism of pathogen action, and limited by the pathogen's virulence and pathogenicity.}, language = {en} } @article{GillichMichlerStolteretal.2021, author = {Gillich, Benjamin and Michler, Frank-Uwe and Stolter, Caroline and Rieger, Siegfried}, title = {Differences in social-space-time behaviour of two red deer herds (Cervus elaphus)}, series = {acta ethologica}, volume = {24}, journal = {acta ethologica}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, issn = {0873-9749}, doi = {10.1007/s10211-021-00375-w}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-1962}, pages = {185 -- 195}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Social-space-time-behaviour has developed very differently (e.g. a, loner, a herd, a pack) in the animal kingdom and depends on many different factors, like food availability, competition, predator avoidance or disturbances. It is known, that red deer are differently distributed in human disturbed areas compared to areas with less anthropogenic influences. But knowledge about the potential influence of human presence on social associations and interactions is rare, albeit differences may result in changing impacts on the environment, such as habitat utilization and feeding damage. Therefore, we investigated differences in the space use and social association of red deer. We studied two radio-collared herds of non-migratory populations in two study areas, which were comparable in landscape structure and vegetation structure, but differed in accessibility for visitors and the extent of their presence. Between the two study sites we compared the home range size, the differences in the extent of home range overlap within each study site and the space-time association (Jacobs Index) of individuals. Additionally, we present data on seasonal variations of home range sizes and social association all year round. In order to compare human activity in the study sites, we used the data from our long-term camera trap monitoring. The herd in the area with more human activity had significantly smaller home ranges and had greater year-round social associations in almost all seasons, except summer. We assume that smaller home ranges and higher association between animals may result in a higher feeding pressure on plants and a patchier utilization in areas with higher disturbances.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmelzleBrunsBeckmannetal.2021, author = {Schmelzle, Sebastian and Bruns, Stefan and Beckmann, Felix and Moosmann, Julian and Lautner, Silke}, title = {Using In Situ Synchrotron-Radiation-Based Microtomography to Investigate 3D Structure-Dependent Material Properties of Tension Wood}, series = {Advanced Engineering Materials}, volume = {23}, journal = {Advanced Engineering Materials}, number = {11}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {1438-1656}, doi = {10.1002/adem.202100235}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-1925}, pages = {1 -- 11}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Synchrotron-radiation-based microtomography enables the 3D analysis of biological samples in situ beyond simple visualization, providing accurate measurements and recording of temporal data. The microtomography end station at P05 (PETRA III, Hamburg, Germany), operated by the Helmholtz Zentrum Hereon, can accommodate complex sample environments such as a load frame for mechanical testing. Herein, the strain analysis of a volumetric time series dataset of small hardwood samples is presented. For this in situ mechanical testing, the load frame is operated in tensile mode, and the biogenic material samples are subdivided into those specialized for tensile forces and those of regular anatomical structure. Digital volume correlation analysis allows for the prediction of strain development at any position in the sample. The tissue specialized for tensile strength can align dislocations formed under tension such that the deformation is stronger and more ordered. The results show how high-resolution imaging of sequential loading and the subsequent localization of strain can reveal functional morphological relationships. These methods can be extended to other biological materials and may prove to be extremely relevant for the analyses of fibrous and/or layered composite materials.}, language = {en} } @article{WinklerHaaseSchwarzetal.2021, author = {Winkler, Christoph and Haase, Stefan and Schwarz, Ulrich and Jahreis, Markus}, title = {Piezoresistive bond lines for timber construction monitoring—experimental scale-up}, series = {Wood Science and Technology}, volume = {55}, journal = {Wood Science and Technology}, number = {4}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, issn = {0043-7719}, doi = {10.1007/s00226-021-01305-6}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-1959}, pages = {1379 -- 1400}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Several laboratory studies and experiments have demonstrated the usability of polymer films filled with electrically conductive filler as piezoresistive material. Applied to adhesives, the glue lines of wood products can achieve multifunctional—thus bonding and piezoresistive/strain sensing—properties. Based on critical load areas in timber constructions, upscaled test setups for simplified load situations were designed, especially with regard to a stress-free electrical contact. In a second step, another upscaling was done to small glulam beams. Based on an experimental test sequence, the piezoresistive reactions as well as the behaviour until failure were analysed. The results show in all cases that a piezoresistive reaction of the multifunctionally bonded specimens was measurable, giving a difference in the extent of relative change. Additionally, measured phenomena like inverse piezoresistive reactions, electrical resistance drift and the absence of a piezoresistive reaction were discussed, based on additional strain analysis by digital image correlation. A model of macroscopic and microscopic strains influencing the piezoresistive reaction of the electrically conductive bond line in wood was used to explain all experimental results. Finally, a first scale-up of piezoresistive bond lines from laboratory samples to glulam beams was possible and successful.}, language = {en} } @article{SchaeferJagerSchwarzetal.2021, author = {Sch{\"a}fer, Jesco and Jager, Christopher and Schwarz, Ulrich and Winkler, Christoph}, title = {Improving the usability of piezoresistive bond lines in wood by using impedance measurements}, series = {Wood Science and Technology}, volume = {55}, journal = {Wood Science and Technology}, number = {4}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, issn = {0043-7719}, doi = {10.1007/s00226-021-01311-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-1942}, pages = {937 -- 954}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Various studies on wood adhesives filled with conductive fillers for future application to structural monitoring showed a piezoresistive (resistance change with strain) response of the adhesive bond lines that is measurable under direct current. The results also showed a relatively high signal noise with low sensitivity. Using impedance spectroscopy as a measurement technique, the improvements in frequency-dependent piezoresistivity over DC (Direct Current) resistography of multifunctional bonded wood were studied. Beech specimens were bonded by one-component polyurethane prepolymer (1C-PUR) filled with carbon black and tested under shear load. The quality of the piezoresistive properties was described by calculating the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the measured signal. A setup-specific frequency band with optimized SNR between 100 kHz and 1 MHz could be derived from the measurements. Several frequencies showed a signal with higher quality resulting in a higher SNR. Regardless of the variations in impedance spectra for all specimens, this frequency band provided several frequencies with improved signal quality. These frequencies give a more reliable signal with lower noise compared to the signal from DC resistography.}, language = {en} } @article{AschenbrandMichler2021, author = {Aschenbrand, Erik and Michler, Thomas}, title = {Why Do UNESCO Biosphere Reserves Get Less Recognition than National Parks? A Landscape Research Perspective on Protected Area Narratives in Germany}, series = {Sustainability}, journal = {Sustainability}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2071-1050}, doi = {10.3390/su132413647}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2166}, pages = {18}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This paper explores how landscape research can contribute to our understanding of why integrated protected area concepts like biosphere reserves get less recognition than national parks. In this regard, we analysed policy documents and online communication of biosphere reserves and national parks, conducted qualitative interviews with conservation professionals and volunteers as well as participant observation in order to identify and compare narratives that guide the communication and perception of both protected area categories. The results show how national parks offer a clear interpretation of space by building on landscape stereotypes and creating landscape legibility and experience-ability through touristification. National Parks also experience conflicts about proper management and combine a variety of goals, often including regional development. Nevertheless, their narrative is unambiguous and powerful. Biosphere reserves, on the other hand, have an image problem that is essentially due to the difficulty of communicating their objectives. They confront the difficult task of creating a vision that combines development and conservation while integrating contrarious landscape stereotypes. We argue for a fundamental engagement with protected area narratives, as this improves understanding of protected areas' transformative potential.}, language = {en} } @article{RederMundAlbertetal.2021, author = {Reder, Stefan and Mund, Jan-Peter and Albert, Nicole and Waßermann, Lilli and Miranda, Luis}, title = {Detection of Windthrown Tree Stems on UAV-Orthomosaics Using U-Net Convolutional Networks}, series = {Remote Sensing}, volume = {14}, journal = {Remote Sensing}, number = {1}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2072-4292}, doi = {10.3390/rs14010075}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2213}, pages = {25}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The increasing number of severe storm events is threatening European forests. Besides the primary damages directly caused by storms, there are secondary damages such as bark beetle outbreaks and tertiary damages due to negative effects on the market. These subsequent damages can be minimized if a detailed overview of the affected area and the amount of damaged wood can be obtained quickly and included in the planning of clearance measures. The present work utilizes UAV-orthophotos and an adaptation of the U-Net architecture for the semantic segmentation and localization of windthrown stems. The network was pre-trained with generic datasets, randomly combining stems and background samples in a copy-paste augmentation, and afterwards trained with a specific dataset of a particular windthrow. The models pre-trained with generic datasets containing 10, 50 and 100 augmentations per annotated windthrown stems achieved F1-scores of 73.9\% (S1Mod10), 74.3\% (S1Mod50) and 75.6\% (S1Mod100), outperforming the baseline model (F1-score 72.6\%), which was not pre-trained. These results emphasize the applicability of the method to correctly identify windthrown trees and suggest the collection of training samples from other tree species and windthrow areas to improve the ability to generalize. Further enhancements of the network architecture are considered to improve the classification performance and to minimize the calculative costs.}, language = {en} } @article{LauterbachBantle2022, author = {Lauterbach, Josephine and Bantle, Christina}, title = {"For More Diversity, Better Taste and My Own Health" Exploring Organic Consumers' Purchasing Motives for Heirloom Vegetable Varieties}, series = {Sustainability}, journal = {Sustainability}, number = {14(7)}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2071-1050}, doi = {10.3390/su14074068}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2992}, pages = {16}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Agrobiodiversity is the foundation of our ecosystems and food supply. However, agrobiodiversity is declining rapidly. A prominent strategy to safeguard endangered varieties, an important component of agrobiodiversity, is their cultivation and preservation in their natural environments. In order to make the cultivation of these varieties attractive to farmers, a functioning value chain and communication concepts for these goods have to be developed. Using heirloom vegetable varieties as an example, we examine existing communication approaches for endangered varieties and evaluate their suitability to transport their added value to organic consumers. We furthermore examine organic consumers' purchasing motives to buy heirloom vegetable varieties. We collected data in three focus group discussions in Berlin (Germany) in 2018. This exploratory study shows that existing communication approaches for heirloom vegetable varieties strongly appeal to altruistic and biospheric purchasing motives. However, our results suggest that egoistic and hedonic purchasing motives are just as important to organic consumers. Hence, existing communication approaches for heirloom vegetable varieties, including the "Red List of Endangered Local Crops", are not entirely suitable to communicate the added value of biodiversity-enhancing products to consumers. Based on these results, we will develop a holistic communication scheme for heirloom vegetable varieties for organic supermarkets and further distribution channels in Germany.}, language = {en} } @article{NosenkoHankeUheHeineetal.2021, author = {Nosenko, Tetyana and Hanke-Uhe, Manuel and Heine, Philip Alexander and Shahid, Afsheen and D{\"u}bel, Stefan and Rennenberg, Heinz and Schumacher, J{\"o}rg and Winkler, Jana Barbro and Schnitzler, J{\"o}rg-Peter and H{\"a}nsch, Robert and Kaufholdt, David}, title = {Plant Defense Proteins as Potential Markers for Early Detection of Forest Damage and Diseases}, series = {Frontiers in Forests and Global Change}, volume = {4}, journal = {Frontiers in Forests and Global Change}, publisher = {Frontiers}, issn = {2624-893X}, doi = {10.3389/ffgc.2021.654032}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2587}, pages = {5}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Over the last two decades, European forest ecosystems have been exposed to increasing stress associated with an increasing number, duration and severity of extreme events triggered by climate change (Dyderski et al., 2018). For forest plants, the concomitant stresses are not limited to direct detrimental effects of rising temperatures, drought and heavy rainfall, but also include enhanced virulence of native plant pathogens and herbivores and the introduction of new pests (Stenlid and Oliva, 2016). The detection of forest diseases at an early stage, when visible symptoms cannot yet be observed, is a crucial prerequisite to counteract regional spreading of pathogens. However, the effective monitoring of forest damage and diseases requires reliable and easy-to-use portable test systems.}, language = {en} } @article{AneesMannSharmaetal.2020, author = {Anees, Mangalasseril Mohammad and Mann, Deepika and Sharma, Mani and Banzhaf, Ellen and Joshi, Pawan K}, title = {Assessment of Urban Dynamics to Understand Spatiotemporal Differentiation at Various Scales Using Remote Sensing and Geospatial Tools}, series = {Remote Sensing}, volume = {12}, journal = {Remote Sensing}, number = {8}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2072-4292}, doi = {10.3390/rs12081306}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3368}, pages = {30}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Analysis of urban dynamics is a pivotal step towards understanding landscape changes and developing scientifically sound urban management strategies. Delineating the patterns and processes shaping the evolution of urban regions is an essential part of this step. Utilizing remote-sensing techniques and Geographic Information System (GIS) tools, we performed an integrated analysis on urban expansion in Srinagar city and surrounding areas from 1999 to 2017 at multiple scales in order to assist urban planning initiatives. To capture various spatial indicators of expansion, we analysed (i) land use/land cover (LULC) changes, (ii) rate and intensity of changes to built-up areas, (iii) spatial differentiation in landscape metrics (at 500, 1000 and 2000 m cell-size), and (iv) growth type of the urban expansion. Global Moran's I statistics and local indicators of spatial association (LISA) were also employed to identify hotspots of change in landscape structure. Our methodology utilizes a range of geovisualization tools which are capable of appropriately addressing various elements required for strategic planning in growing cities. The results highlight aggregation and homogenization of the urban core as well as irregularity and fragmentation in its periphery. A combination of spatial metrics and growth type analysis supports the supposition that there is a continuum in the diffusion-coalescence process. This allows us to extend our understanding of urban growth theory and to report deviations from accepted stages of growth. As our results show, each dominating growth phase of the city—both diffusion (1999) and coalescence (2009 and 2017)—is interspersed with features from the other type. An improved understanding of spatial differentiation and the identification of hotspots can serve to make urban planning more tailored to such local conditions. An important insight derived from the results is the applicability of remote-sensing data in urban planning measures and the usefulness of freely available medium resolution data in gaining a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of cities.}, language = {en} } @article{LuoZuberiLiuetal.2021, author = {Luo, Anran and Zuberi, Mehwish and Liu, Jiayu and Perrone, Miranda and Schnepf, Simone and Leipold, Sina}, title = {Why common interests and collective action are not enough for environmental cooperation - Lessons from the China-EU cooperation discourse on circular economy}, series = {Global Environmental Change}, volume = {71}, journal = {Global Environmental Change}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102389}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2554}, pages = {10}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Scholars have argued that circular economy (CE) must be upscaled and globalized to address excessive resource extraction and waste generation. Many CE practitioners consider the first international CE agreement between China and the EU a milestone towards such an effort. This analysis shows why this expectation is premature. European and Chinese stakeholders' optimistic and depoliticized CE narratives disable communication regarding development disparities, negative competition and distrust, which shape geopolitical rivalry. While skeptical narratives that address political barriers exist, they fall short of suggesting alternatives. Based on 72 stakeholder interviews, 40 documents and participant observation, these results highlight the critical importance of investigating narrative strategies to repoliticize environmental cooperation. Such narrative strategies would support contestation and negotiation on development disparities and open channels for joint conceptualization of implementation scales for environmental strategies, circular or otherwise. We therefore propose using constructivist perspectives of international relations to explore discursive barriers and enablers to global environmental action.}, language = {en} } @article{BeierKieferKnopf2020, author = {Beier, Grischa and Kiefer, Julian and Knopf, Jutta}, title = {Potentials of big data for corporate environmental management: A case study from the German automotive industry}, series = {Journal of Industrial Ecology}, volume = {26}, journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {1530-9290}, doi = {10.1111/jiec.13062}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2340}, pages = {336 -- 349}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Integrating more sustainability into business processes is becoming increasingly important for companies. At the same time, they aim to collect and analyze large amounts of data (big data) to improve these processes. The potentials of big data for corporate environmental protection are hardly dealt with in the scientific literature. The main contribution of this paper is to identify potential big data use cases for corporate environmental management by using the example of the German automotive industry. For this purpose, expert interviews were conducted with corporate environmental managers which were evaluated by using a qualitative content analysis. In order to balance this environmental perspective and enhance it with data analytical expertise, these use cases were assessed by data analytics experts through a mixed method approach, in a subsequent process. The presentation of the identified five use cases and their critical reflection through data analytics experts are the key results of this paper.}, language = {en} } @article{PrimmerVarumoKrauseetal.2020, author = {Primmer, Eeva and Varumo, Liisa and Krause, Torsten and Orsi, Francesco and Geneletti, Davide and Brogaard, Sara and Aukes, Ewert and Ciolli, Marco and Grossmann, Carol and Hern{\´a}ndez-Morcillo, M{\´o}nica and Kister, Jutta and Kluv{\´a}nkov{\´a}, Tatiana and Loft, Lasse and Maier, Carolin and Meyer, Claas and Schleyer, Christian and Spacek, Martin and Mann, Carsten}, title = {Mapping Europe's institutional landscape for forest ecosystem service provision, innovations and governance}, series = {Ecosystem Services}, volume = {47}, journal = {Ecosystem Services}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {2212-0416}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecoser.2020.101225}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2597}, pages = {11}, year = {2020}, abstract = {There has been a strong quest for mapping and assessing ecosystem services (ES) to support governance. Yet, the institutional landscape that governs ES provision across multiple contexts has received less attention. We fill this research gap by developing and operationalising a framework for the analysis of policy documents that address European forest ES provision. By coding and analysing references to forest ES as well as innovations and governance mechanisms addressing these ES in national strategies on forest, biodiversity and bioeconomy, we map the institutional landscape of forest ES provision in Europe. We further analyse how biophysical supply of forest ES is connected to policies paying attention to ES and identifying innovations and governance for their provision. Innovations identified in policies centre around value chains of wood and bioenergy or biodiversity conservation, while non-wood forest products, cultural heritage, and recreation receive little attention. Biophysical supply of provisioning ES is connected to policies emphasising many innovations, while little supply of regulating ES could trigger service innovations and several new governance mechanisms. As forest ecosystems have received much attention in global, European and national sustainability policies, our institutional mapping illustrates that there is room for more use of innovations in promoting ES provision.}, language = {en} } @article{HalwaniRecklingEgamberdievaetal.2021, author = {Halwani, Mosab and Reckling, Moritz and Egamberdieva, Dilfuza and Omari, Richard Ansong and Bellingrath-Kimura, Sonoko Dorothea and Bachinger, Johann and Bloch, Ralf}, title = {Soybean Nodulation Response to Cropping Interval and Inoculation in European Cropping Systems}, series = {Frontiers in Plant Science}, volume = {12}, journal = {Frontiers in Plant Science}, publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.}, issn = {1664-462X}, doi = {10.3389/fpls.2021.638452}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2576}, pages = {9}, year = {2021}, abstract = {To support the adaption of soybean [Glycine max (L) Merrill] cultivation across Central Europe, the availability of compatible soybean nodulating Bradyrhizobia (SNB) is essential. Little is known about the symbiotic potential of indigenous SNB in Central Europe and the interaction with an SNB inoculum from commercial products. The objective of this study was to quantify the capacity of indigenous and inoculated SNB strains on the symbiotic performance of soybean in a pot experiment, using soils with and without soybean history. Under controlled conditions in a growth chamber, the study focused on two main factors: a soybean cropping interval (time since the last soybean cultivation; SCI) and inoculation with commercial Bradyrhizobia strains. Comparing the two types of soil, without soybean history and with 1-4 years SCI, we found out that plants grown in soil with soybean history and without inoculation had significantly more root nodules and higher nitrogen content in the plant tissue. These parameters, along with the leghemoglobin content, were found to be a variable among soils with 1-4 years SCI and did not show a trend over the years. Inoculation in soil without soybean history showed a significant increase in a nodulation rate, leghemoglobin content, and soybean tissue nitrogen concentration. The study found that response to inoculation varied significantly as per locations in soil with previous soybean cultivation history. An inoculated soybean grown on loamy sandy soils from the location M{\"u}ncheberg had significantly more nodules as well as higher green tissue nitrogen concentration compared with non-inoculated plants. No significant improvement in a nodulation rate and tissue nitrogen concentration was observed for an inoculated soybean grown on loamy sandy soils from the location Fehrow. These results suggest that introduced SNB strains remained viable in the soil and were still symbiotically competent for up to 4 years after soybean cultivation. However, the symbiotic performance of the SNB remaining in the soils was not sufficient in all cases and makes inoculation with commercial products necessary. The SNB strains found in the soil of Central Europe could also be promising candidates for the development of inoculants and already represent a contribution to the successful cultivation of soybeans in Central Europe.}, language = {en} } @article{BerendtdeMiguelDiezWalloretal.2021, author = {Berendt, Ferr{\´e}ol and de Miguel-Diez, Felipe and Wallor, Evelyn and Blasko, Lubomir and Cremer, Tobias}, title = {Comparison of different approaches to estimate bark volume of industrial wood at disc and log scale}, series = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {11}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-95188-z}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-1987}, pages = {8}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Within the wood supply chain, the measurement of roundwood plays a key role due to its high economic impact. While wood industry mainly processes the solid wood, the bark mostly remains as an industrial by-product. In Central Europe, it is common that the wood is sold over bark but that the price is calculated on a timber volume under bark. However, logs are often measured as stacks and, thus, the volume includes not only the solid wood content but also the bark portion. Mostly, the deduction factors used to estimate the solid wood content are based on bark thickness. The aim of this study was to compare the estimation of bark volume from scaling formulae with the real bark volume, obtained by xylometric technique. Moreover, the measurements were performed using logs under practice conditions and using discs under laboratory conditions. The mean bark volume was 6.9 dm3 and 26.4 cm3 for the Norway spruce logs and the Scots pine discs respectively. Whereas the results showed good performances regarding the root mean square error, the coefficient of determination (R2) and the mean absolute error for the volume estimation of the total volume of discs and logs (over bark), the performances were much lower for the bark volume estimations only.}, language = {en} } @article{BerendtWolfgrammCremer2021, author = {Berendt, Ferr{\´e}ol and Wolfgramm, Felix and Cremer, Tobias}, title = {Reliability of photo-optical measurements of log stack gross volume}, series = {Silva Fennica}, volume = {55}, journal = {Silva Fennica}, number = {3}, issn = {2242-4075}, doi = {10.14214/sf.10555}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2003}, pages = {1 -- 13}, year = {2021}, abstract = {In terms of assessing economic impact, one of the most important elements in the wood supply chain is the measurement of round wood. Besides the one-by-one measurement of logs, logs are often measured when stacked at the forest road. The gross stacked volume includes the volume of the wood, bark and airspace and is widely used for industrial wood assortments. The increasing international attention given to photo-optical measurement systems for portable devices is due to their simplicity of use and efficiency. The aim of this study was to compare the gross volumes of hardwood log stacks measured using one widespread photo-optical app with two manual section-wise volume estimations of log stacks based on the German framework agreement for timber trade (RVR). The manual volume estimations were done starting from the left (RVRleft) and right (RVRright) sides of the log stacks. The results showed an average deviation of the photo-optical gross volume estimation in comparison to the manual estimation of -2.09\% (RVRleft) and -3.66\% (RVRright) while the deviation between RVRleft and RVRright was +2.54\%. However, the log stack gross volume had a highly significant effect on the deviation and better accuracy with smaller deviation were reached for larger log stacks. Moreover, results indicated that the gross volume estimations of higher quality log stacks were closer for the three analyzed methods compared to estimations of poor-quality log stacks.}, language = {en} } @article{BerendtPegelBlaskoetal.2021, author = {Berendt, Ferr{\´e}ol and Pegel, Erik and Blasko, Lubomir and Cremer, Tobias}, title = {Bark proportion of Scots pine industrial wood}, series = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products}, volume = {79}, journal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, issn = {0018-3768}, doi = {10.1007/s00107-021-01657-7}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-1975}, pages = {749 -- 752}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Bark characteristics are not only used in the forest-wood supply chain, for example to calculate standing volumes, but also to transform wood volumes and masses. In this study, bark thickness, bark volume and bark mass were analyzed on the basis of 150 Scots pine discs, with a mean diameter of 13 cm. The mean double bark thickness was 3.02 mm, the mean bark volume proportion was 5.6\% and mean bark mass proportion was 3.3\%. Bark proportions were significantly affected by the log-specific variables 'diameter over bark', 'proportion of bark damage' and 'double bark thickness'.}, language = {en} } @article{VoigtSpies2020, author = {Voigt, Katja and Spies, Michael}, title = {Female Education and Social Change: Changing Perceptions of Women's Roles in Society in the High Mountains of Northern Pakistan}, series = {Mountain Research and Development}, volume = {2020}, journal = {Mountain Research and Development}, number = {40(4)}, publisher = {International Mountain Society}, address = {Switzerland}, issn = {0276-4741}, doi = {10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-20-00028.1}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2294}, pages = {8}, year = {2020}, abstract = {This article investigates the emergence of female education and its social impacts in a remote and male-dominated mountain community through a case study of Nagar District in northern Pakistan. Drawing on qualitative interviews with 24 women from different educational backgrounds and 15 selected male informants, the study reveals a notable increase in educational opportunities for girls and young women within a relatively short time span, and shows how these changes have affected local perceptions of women's social roles. While there are mixed opinions about the usefulness of education for girls—some find that educated women are better housewives and mothers, while others highlight career opportunities for women—female education has clearly contributed to an increase in self-determination of women. Young women now marry later and have fewer children, parents give their daughters more freedom, and education has contributed to an increase in female mobility and to a more confident and visible role of women in community life. While other aspects of social change also play critical roles, this study shows that female education is one important element in the development of a more equitable society in mountains and elsewhere.}, language = {en} } @article{AlffSpies2020, author = {Alff, Henryk and Spies, Michael}, title = {Pfadabh{\"a}ngigkeiten in der Bio{\"o}konomie {\"u}berwinden? Landwirtschaftliche Intensivierungsprozesse aus sozial-{\"o}kologischer Perspektive}, series = {Peripherie: Politik, {\"O}konomie, Kultur}, volume = {40}, journal = {Peripherie: Politik, {\"O}konomie, Kultur}, number = {159/160}, publisher = {Verlag Barbara Budrich}, doi = {10.3224/peripherie.v40i3-4.06}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2280}, pages = {334 -- 359}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Der Wandel zu einer „bio-basierten" Wirtschaft, wie er in nationalen und internationalen Bio{\"o}konomie-Strategien propagiert wird, kann nur mit tiefgreifenden Ver{\"a}nderungen landwirtschaftlicher Systeme zur Steigerung der Agrarproduktion einhergehen. Besonders in L{\"a}ndern des Globalen S{\"u}dens gingen solche Prozesse jedoch meist mit unbeabsichtigten - oder in Kauf genommenen - negativen Konsequenzen wie Umweltdegradation oder die Versch{\"a}rfung gesellschaftlicher Ungleichheiten einher. Dennoch finden die Kenntnisse {\"u}ber die Risiken bisheriger landwirtschaftlicher Interventionen kaum in politischen Bio{\"o}konomie-Strategien Ber{\"u}cksichtigung, die auf wirtschaftlich-technische L{\"o}sungen einer „nachhaltigen" Intensivierung durch agrartechnologische Innovationen auf der einen, und eine Ausweitung von Produktionsfl{\"a}chen auf der anderen Seite setzen. Wie diese Produktionssteigerungen {\"o}kologisch und sozial nachhaltig gestaltet werden sollen, bleibt unklar, und bisherige Erfahrungen mit derartigen Interventionen lassen eher das Gegenteil bef{\"u}rchten. Anhand von zwei historischen Beispielen - der Gr{\"u}nen Revolution im Punjab Pakistans und der Neulandkampagne in Kasachstan - skizziert der Beitrag die vielschichtigen sozialen und {\"o}kologischen Folgen bisheriger, großangelegter landwirtschaftlicher Interventionen zur Produktionssteigerung und geht der Frage nach, inwiefern diese Erfahrungen (besser) in Bio{\"o}konomie-Strategien Ber{\"u}cksichtigung finden (k{\"o}nnen). Kritische Reflektion sollte dabei vor allem die Rolle institutioneller Pfadabh{\"a}ngigkeiten in der Gestaltung aktueller und zuk{\"u}nftiger Entwicklungen erfahren. Wie bisherige Erfahrungen im Landwirtschaftssektor deutlich machen, m{\"u}ssen Bio{\"o}konomie-Strategien ihren geforderten systemischen Ansatz ernst nehmen - was impliziert, dass technologie- und produktivit{\"a}tsorientierte Ziele stets sozialen und {\"o}kologischen Zielen untergeordnet werden m{\"u}ssen.}, language = {de} } @article{StoldtGoettertMannetal.2020, author = {Stoldt, Mirja and G{\"o}ttert, Thomas and Mann, Carsten and Zeller, Ulrich}, title = {Transfrontier Conservation Areas and Human-Wildlife Conflict: The Case of the Namibian Component of the Kavango-Zambezi (KAZA) TFCA}, series = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {10}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, publisher = {Nature}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-020-64537-9}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2407}, pages = {16}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Our study deals with human-wildlife conflicts in the Namibian component of the Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area (KAZA TFCA). The study reconstructs the historical occurrence of selected mammal species and adopts a socio-ecological approach to assess the impact of human dimensions in the KAZA TFCA. Our results reveal pronounced human-wildlife conflicts with considerable impacts on the livelihoods of communities. Human-wildlife conflict has the potential to become a significant contributor to the failure of the TFCA concept. Conflicts are influenced by a growing human population and large mammal species re-colonising formerly abandoned areas. Mapping the occurrence of selected mammal species over time reveals an interesting picture: although conservation initiatives have led to an increase in the population size of selected species, their occurrence is more restricted than in times of heavily decimated wildlife populations. The increasing restriction of wildlife to protected areas reduces the resilience of the ecosystem. To sustainably manage and conserve wildlife populations, a bigger picture including areas outside of the current borders of KAZA TFCA should be considered. This could support re-connecting ecologically important areas for congested populations to move to and reduces the concentration of wildlife and pressure on the land and people of the region.}, language = {en} } @article{WergGrothmannSpiesetal.2020, author = {Werg, Jana Lorena and Grothmann, Torsten and Spies, Michael and Mieg, Harald A.}, title = {Factors for Self-Protective Behavior against Extreme Weather Events in the Philippines}, series = {Sustainabilty}, journal = {Sustainabilty}, number = {12(15)}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2071-1050}, doi = {10.3390/su12156010}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2306}, pages = {24}, year = {2020}, abstract = {We report the results on factors for self-protective behavior against weather extremes such as extreme heat events, drought, and heavy precipitation. Our research draws on the Model of Private Proactive Adaptation to Climate Change (MPPACC). We developed a survey instrument incorporating the main aspects of the MPPACC and other factors from related research work that are assumed to explain why some people show self-protective behavior while others do not. The interview survey was conducted with a non-random sample of 210 respondents from three Philippine cities, namely Baguio, Dagupan, and Tuguegarao. The results reveal the importance of adaptation appraisal, including the perceived feasibility of self-protective measures, the perceived adaptation knowledge, and, with limitations, the perception of actions taken by neighbors or friends. We also show that perceptions of past weather trends are closely linked to risk perception but are only partly corroborated by weather station data. Implications for fostering self-protective behavior are making use of time windows right after an extreme weather event and focusing on enhancing adaptation appraisal.}, language = {en} } @article{NoeltingMolitorReimannetal.2020, author = {N{\"o}lting, Benjamin and Molitor, Heike and Reimann, Julian and Skroblin, Jan-Hendrick and Dembski, Nadine}, title = {Transfer for Sustainable Development at Higher Education Institutions — Untapped Potential for Education for Sustainable Development and for Societal Transformation}, series = {Sustainabilty}, volume = {12}, journal = {Sustainabilty}, number = {7}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2071-1050}, doi = {10.3390/su12072925}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2395}, pages = {21}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Higher education institutions (HEIs) are increasingly confronted with societal needs beyond research and teaching. These include sustainable development and technology transfer as well as the practical application of knowledge and ideas. Several HEIs already put sustainable development and transfer into practice. These practitioner-university partnerships comprise a broad range of actors, disciplines, topics, and formats. However, transfer activities that contribute to sustainable development in society still make up only a very small part of HEIs' activities. In response to calls from society as a whole, HEIs could combine transfer and sustainable development more systematically. In this article, we suggest a concept of transfer for sustainable development. The focus is on sustainability transfer in teaching. We used mixed methods for this conceptual work: exploratory workshops, expert interviews, and a case study of transfer in teaching. One of the results presented in this article is a working definition of sustainability transfer at HEIs. In addition, six characteristics for describing sustainability transfer in its various forms are formulated. This conceptualization makes it possible to analyze the diversity of HEIs' sustainability transfer activities, it helps to identify and encourage potential transfer actors at HEIs as well as practitioners, and, thus, tap the full potential of sustainability transfer.}, language = {en} } @article{DemeleNoeltingCrewettetal.2021, author = {Demele, Uwe and N{\"o}lting, Benjamin and Crewett, Wibke and Georgiev, Georgi}, title = {Sustainability Transfer as a Concept for Universities in Regional Transformation—A Case Study}, series = {Sustainabilty}, volume = {13}, journal = {Sustainabilty}, number = {9}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2071-1050}, doi = {10.3390/su13094956}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2456}, pages = {25}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The research object of this study is the in-depth discourse on the sustainability transfer activities of higher education institutions (HEIs) and their contribution to a regional sustainable transformation. For this purpose, a heuristically-derived concept of sustainability transfer is empirically tested with a mixed-methods approach based on the example of Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development (HNEE). The empirical findings demonstrate that the realization of sustainability transfer depends mainly on the personal initiative of teachers and researchers. Major barriers are a lack of time and financial resources. The observed concept of sustainability transfer is applicable to all study and research areas of HNEE. Involvement in sustainability transfer can include the whole of society, from politics, enterprises, and civil society to education and research institutions. Overall, the empirical testing of the concept offered by this study illustrates its practical suitability to capturing specifically those sustainability transfer activities that are not tapped by third mission approaches. This opens up a novel dimension for transfer potential at universities and their role in regional sustainability transformation. It also highlights that the interdependencies between HEIs and practitioners need to be more contextualized with quality criteria such as the value of the transfer performance or level of ambition.}, language = {en} } @article{RuppertWelpSpiesetal.2020, author = {Ruppert, Daniel and Welp, Martin and Spies, Michael and Thevs, Niels}, title = {Farmers' Perceptions of Tree Shelterbelts on Agricultural Land in Rural Kyrgyzstan}, series = {Sustainabilty}, volume = {2020}, journal = {Sustainabilty}, number = {12}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2071-1050}, doi = {10.3390/su12031093}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2323}, pages = {18}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The reestablishment of agroforestry systems in Central Asia, combining crop production with protective tree shelterbelts, provides significant potential to improve farming systems. This includes increasing crop yields, additional income from timber, as well as reducing soil degradation and wind erosion. Thus, adopting shelterbelts as a form of pro-environmental behavior provides a number of socio-economic benefits, although some trade-offs need to be considered as well. This paper investigates factors that shape the perception of—and attitude towards—the establishment of tree shelterbelts by farmers in two case study regions in Kyrgyzstan. Applying a conceptual framework distinguishing between extrinsic and intrinsic factors, research methods included semi-structured interviews with farmers and local policy makers. The results show spatial differences in the perception of shelterbelts, both on the regional and on the village scale. In general, shelterbelts were negatively perceived by more than half of the farmers. The main concern raised by farmers was the shading of crops by shelterbelts, resulting in a decrease of yield. In addition, small field sizes and potential conflicts with neighbors were key concerns. Furthermore, rules set by local self-government bodies were inconsistent with the legislative framework, posing significant restrictions to the adoption of sustainable land use practices.}, language = {en} } @article{SpiesAlff2020, author = {Spies, Michael and Alff, Henryk}, title = {Assemblages and complex adaptive systems: A conceptual crossroads for integrative research?}, series = {Geography Compass}, volume = {2020}, journal = {Geography Compass}, number = {14}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {1749-8198}, doi = {10.1111/gec3.12534}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2319}, pages = {13}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In human geography and beyond, assemblage thinking has increasingly gained attention as a perspective from which to investigate the emergence and dynamics of more-than-human entanglements. Similarly, in the interdisciplinary field of social-ecological systems analysis, theories of complex adaptive systems have been employed to investigate how social and ecological dynamics and actors interact with each other on different scales. Nonetheless, despite the success of these conceptual perspectives in their respective research fields, there have been few attempts so far to bring these theoretical strands together to explore their common ground and investigate how they could cross-fertilize each other. This contribution seeks to address this gap, by investigating the ontological compatibility of these two approaches and exploring the potential for meaningful syntheses that could be utilized for integrative research—combining perspectives, approaches, and methods taken from social and environmental sciences for the analysis of human-environmental relations. Based on a comparative discussion of four selected "guiding principles" found in assemblage thinking and complex adaptive systems, namely, socio-nature, emergence/historicity, relationality, and self-organization, we find not only significant common ground between the two perspectives but also discrepancies that may be utilized for cross-fertilization. In particular, we argue complex adaptive systems would benefit from a deeper engagement with society-nature theorizations found in the assemblage literature, while assemblage thinking could borrow from complex adaptive systems to broaden its conception of how elements relate to and co-function with each other.}, language = {en} } @article{BraunBitschHaering2021, author = {Braun, Charis Linda and Bitsch, Vera and H{\"a}ring, Anna Maria}, title = {Behind the scenes of a learning agri-food value chain: lessons from action research}, series = {Agriculture and Human Values}, volume = {39}, journal = {Agriculture and Human Values}, publisher = {Springer Science+Business Media B.V.}, issn = {1572-8366}, doi = {10.1007/s10460-021-10229-7}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2481}, pages = {119 -- 134}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The development of sustainable agri-food systems requires not only new academic knowledge, but also concrete social and organizational change in practice. This article reflects on the action research process that supported and explored the learning process in an emerging agri-food value chain in the Berlin-Brandenburg region in eastern Germany. The action research study involved value chain actors, academic researchers, and process facilitators in a learning network. By framing the network's learning and problem solving processes in concepts of organizational learning, lessons were drawn for researchers and value chain developers. The results underline the importance of process facilitation in a learning value chain to create a social space, in which the actors in the value chain can interact and find a common basis for collaboration. In the learning process, facilitators used an iterative design to consistently align learning activities with the needs of practitioners to ensure practical relevance. To establish new practices and partnerships, value chain actors challenged existing routines and developed new ideas and visions, while at the same time improving established practices within their organizations and along the entire value chain.}, language = {en} } @article{Spies2021, author = {Spies, Michael}, title = {Promises and perils of the China-Pakistan economic corridor: agriculture and export prospects in northern Pakistan}, series = {Eurasian Geography and Economics}, journal = {Eurasian Geography and Economics}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, issn = {1938-2863}, doi = {10.1080/15387216.2021.2016456}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2259}, pages = {28}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a mega-project of primarily infrastructure-related loans and investments in Pakistan. Recently, the official discourse has increasingly shifted to the agricultural sector. For the region of Gilgit-Baltistan bordering China, academic and policy debates highlight the potential boost of fruit exports to China as the most promising opportunity to be leveraged through the CPEC. This paper scrutinizes these promises from a locally grounded perspective, investigating potential benefits and risks for local farmers. To make sense of the complex interplay between external and local actors, interests, markets and (infra)structures, the paper follows an assemblage-inspired approach to map out local trajectories. Contrary to the CPEC narrative, agricultural exports from Gilgit-Baltistan recently came to a halt, due to increasing trade barriers and seemingly competing agricultural developments in neighboring Xinjiang, China. Moreover, the economically most promising local crop for export to China, namely cherries, does not seem too promising for the majority of small farmers. There are other commodities with export potential, but overall, prospects appear to be limited. There is a need for a deeper engagement with the inherent complexities of CPEC trajectories, particularly in regards to local farming contexts in Pakistan and relevant developments in China.}, language = {en} } @article{SpiesSchickKaromatovetal.2021, author = {Spies, Michael and Schick, Axel and Karomatov, Sharofiddin and Bakokhoja, Bobozoda and Zikriyokhon, Khaidarov and Jobirov, Shonazar and Bloch, Ralf and Ibisch, Pierre L.}, title = {Adapting a Participatory and Ecosystem-Based Assessment Impacted by the Pandemic: Lessons Learned With Farmers in Tajikistan}, series = {Frontiers in sustainable Food Systems}, journal = {Frontiers in sustainable Food Systems}, number = {5}, publisher = {Frontiers}, issn = {2571-581X}, doi = {10.3389/fsufs.2021.750252}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2263}, pages = {15}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The paper presents a systemic and participatory assessment approach and scrutinizes how methodological changes necessitated during the Covid-19 pandemic implicated the process and its outcomes. The approach was applied in rural Tajikistan to evaluate changes effected by a development project that promoted the enhancement of biodiversity and ecosystem services in agrarian landscapes. The central building block of the assessment consisted of participatory workshops in 2018 and 2020 with farmers and other stakeholders to develop a systemic knowledge map and to evaluate the promoted strategies based on local expertise. The methodological basis was MARISCO (adaptive MAnagement of vulnerability and RISk at COnservation sites), a holistic and participatory approach to ecosystem-based assessment and management that requires well-trained facilitators. While the activities in 2018 could be implemented as planned, major changes in the work plan were necessary in 2020 due to severe travel restrictions and social distancing rules. Conducting virtual workshops was not possible, as it would have excluded key stakeholders from the process. Instead of conducting a comprehensive assessment workshop guided by two German MARISCO facilitators as originally planned, a series of short and small workshops could be realized. These workshops were facilitated by Tajik scientists after receiving virtual training from their German colleagues. Although it was possible to bring the assessment to a satisfactory conclusion, the methodological changes revealed significant drawbacks. Radical simplifications of the methods were necessary that led to reduced depth of the assessment and missed learning opportunities for participants. Limited experience in workshop guidance by the new facilitators posed challenges to the participatory process and the quality of its outcomes. While the adapted method created training effects that would otherwise have been missed, it also put additional pressure on the capacities of local partners. Our experience during the pandemic offers valuable lessons learned for future applications of systemic-participatory approaches. Whereas, a complete shift to remote applications is problematic, there is a need to put greater emphasis on capacitating local partners. Methodological trade-offs are necessary for partially remote working processes, but principles of participation and systemic thinking should not be compromised.}, language = {en} } @article{BerendtTolosanaHoffmannetal.2020, author = {Berendt, Ferr{\´e}ol and Tolosana, Eduardo and Hoffmann, Stephan and Alonso, Paula and Schweier, Janine}, title = {Harvester Productivity in Inclined Terrain with Extended Machine Operating Trail Intervals: A German Case Study Comparison of Standing and Bunched Trees}, series = {Sustainability}, volume = {12}, journal = {Sustainability}, number = {21}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2071-1050}, doi = {10.3390/su12219168}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2022}, pages = {10}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The complexity of highly structured forests with multiple tree species, especially when coniferous and broadleaved tree species are mixed, as well as stands with extended machine operating trail spacing and inclined terrain, create challenging operational conditions for mechanized timber harvesting and extraction. Motor-manually felling trees within the midfield and bunching them at the machine operating trails, prior to the arrival of a harvester-forwarder system, is a complex operation. The aim of this study was to assess and compare tethered harvester productivities of a thinning operation, for felling and processing standing trees and for processing bunched trees, through a time study in forest stands with 40-m distances between machine operating trails. Total operational costs of the analyzed thinning operation were 69 €/m3o.b., including extraction using a multiple forwarder approach. Tree species, merchantable timber volume, and whether the trees were standing or presented as bunched logs all had a significant effect on the harvester time consumption. Moreover, harvester positioning time was significantly shorter when trees were already bunched at the machine operating trail. While the productivity of standing or bunched spruce trees did not differ significantly between the cases (approximately 18 m3o.b./productive machine hours excluding all delays (PMH0)), the productivity of standing broadleaved tree species (8.3 m3o.b./PMH0) was much lower than that of bunched trees (15.5 m3o.b./PMH0). Thus, the described timber harvesting and extraction system may be a valuable option for forest stands with high proportion of broadleaved trees.}, language = {en} } @techreport{CremerBerendtdeMiguelDiezetal.2020, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Cremer, Tobias and Berendt, Ferr{\´e}ol and de Miguel Diez, Felipe and Wolfgramm, Felix and Blasko, Lubomir}, title = {Accuracy of Photo-Optical Measurement of Wood Piles}, series = {Environmental Sciences Proceedings}, journal = {Environmental Sciences Proceedings}, number = {3(1)}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2673-4931}, doi = {10.3390/IECF2020-08192}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2012}, pages = {4}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The accurate estimation of timber volume is of the utmost importance. For industrial timber, the volume is often estimated as stacked cubic meters. In addition to manual measurements, volume estimation is possible with photo-optical systems. Over 100 piles of industrial timber of broadleaved tree species were analyzed. In the study, a standard manual measurement method for the estimation of wood pile volumes was compared with a smartphone based photo-optical application for the determination of woodpile volume. Mean gross volume of the piles was approximately 56 m3 and mean width of piles was 9.43 m. A strong correlation was found between the manual measurements and the photo-optical measurement. However, volume estimation of large volume piles seems to perform better in comparison to piles with small volumes. Further research is needed to determine the effects of variables such as log quality or quality of pile on volume estimation accuracy.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BerendtPegelBlaskoetal.2020, author = {Berendt, Ferr{\´e}ol and Pegel, Erik and Blasko, Lubomir and Cremer, Tobias}, title = {Bark Characteristics of Scots Pine Logs}, series = {Environmental Sciences Proceedings}, booktitle = {Environmental Sciences Proceedings}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2673-4931}, doi = {10.3390/IECF2020-08020}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2040}, pages = {1}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The wood of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) shows...}, language = {en} } @article{VasićPaulStraussetal.2020, author = {Vasić, Filip and Paul, Carsten and Strauss, Veronika and Helming, Katharina}, title = {Ecosystem Services of Kettle Holes in Agricultural Landscapes}, series = {Agronomy}, volume = {10}, journal = {Agronomy}, number = {9}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2073-4395}, doi = {10.3390/agronomy10091326}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3407}, pages = {22}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Kettle holes are small water bodies of glacial origin which mostly occur in agricultural landscapes. They provide numerous ecosystem services (ES), but their supply may be negatively affected by agricultural management. We conducted a literature review to identify which ES are supplied by kettle holes and to analyze feedbacks with agricultural management. Taking Germany as a test case, we also analyzed how kettle holes are addressed in policy documents and for which ES they are regulated. This was done to identify the societal value officially associated with kettle holes. The literature review found eight ES attributed to kettle holes, of which hydrological cycle and flood control, chemical condition of freshwaters, nursery populations and habitats and biotic remediation of wastes were addressed most often. In contrast, only the provision of habitat service was addressed in German policy documents related to kettle holes. We identified types of agricultural management that negatively affected the supply of ES by kettle holes, in particular artificial drainage, high levels of pesticide and fertilizer application, and management where tillage and erosion result in elevated sediment inputs. Additionally, climate change may lead to an increased drying up of kettle holes. Based on our finding, we conclude that the intensity of agricultural management around kettle holes threatens the supply of all ES while only the service of providing habitats for biodiversity is addressed in German policy regulations. Further regulation is required to induce agricultural management change towards a conservation of all ES supplied by kettle holes.}, language = {en} } @article{HamidovHelming2020, author = {Hamidov, Ahmad and Helming, Katharina}, title = {Sustainability Considerations in Water-Energy-Food Nexus Research in Irrigated Agriculture}, series = {Sustainability}, volume = {12}, journal = {Sustainability}, number = {15}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2071-1050}, doi = {10.3390/su12156274}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3381}, pages = {20}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Irrigated agriculture is essential to satisfying the globally increasing demand for food and bio-based products. Yet, in water scarce regions, water-use for irrigation aggravates the competition for the use of water for other purposes, such as energy production, drinking water and sanitation. Solutions for sustainable food production through irrigated agriculture require a systemic approach to assess benefits and trade-offs across sectors. Here, the water-energy-food (WEF) nexus has become an important concept in natural resource management. It has been conceptualized to analyze linkages and trade-offs between the three sectors, across temporal and spatial scales. However, the concept has so far mainly been conceptual, with little empirical evidence or proof of concept in real world cases. The objective of this paper was to take stock of the rapidly advancing literature on the WEF nexus in irrigated agriculture, and to analyze how the concept was actually implemented in research studies, and how the nexus between water, food and energy was actually dealt with. The study period ranges from 2011 to 2019, and includes 194 articles. Results showed that the WEF nexus is indeed very relevant in irrigated agriculture, and the respective literature makes up one third of all WEF nexus papers. Modeling and empirical research have caught up with conceptual synthesis studies during the last four years, thereby indicating that the WEF nexus concept is indeed increasingly operationalized. However, most studies addressed the WEF nexus from a perspective of either socioeconomic, technological or environmental categories, and they place one of the dimensions of water, food or energy into the foreground. To address sustainable development, there is a need to fully integrate across research disciplines and thematic dimensions. Such studies are only starting to emerge. These findings are an important evidence-base for future WEF nexus research on irrigated agriculture, in support of sustainable solutions for water scarce regions, especially in settings undergoing transformations.}, language = {en} } @article{RoqueGoettertMacandzaetal.2021, author = {Roque, Dion{\´i}sio and G{\"o}ttert, Thomas and Macandza, Val{\´e}rio Ant{\´o}nio and Zeller, Ulrich}, title = {Assessing Distribution Patterns and the Relative Abundance of Reintroduced Large Herbivores in the Limpopo National Park, Mozambique}, series = {Diversity}, volume = {13}, journal = {Diversity}, number = {10}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {1424-2818}, doi = {10.3390/d13100456}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3454}, pages = {20}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This study is the first systematic assessment of large herbivore (LH) communities in Limpopo National Park (LNP) in Mozambique, an area where most LH species were extinct until the early 2000s. We investigate whether LH community parameters are linked with the availability of habitat types or the distance between sampling sites and the origin of LH resettlement. We placed camera traps in five habitat types in resettled and not-resettled areas to compare species richness, relative abundance index, grazers-browsers-mixed feeder and na{\"i}ve occupancy of 15 LH species. While the richness decreased along the distance gradient of LH resettlement, relative abundance index strongly responded to habitat features. The grazer-browser-mixed feeder ratio oscillated, while from resettled to not-resettled areas, the ratio increased. Most species show a wide distribution range. The associations of most LH community parameters with habitat types rather than distance to initial release, together with the species-specific and guild-specific response patterns of LH, suggest LNP to already be in an intermediate stage of restoration. Our results highlight the importance of post-release monitoring of reintroduced wildlife as a tool to assess the success of ecological restoration initiatives in transboundary conservation areas.}, language = {en} } @article{StarikGoettertZeller2021, author = {Starik, Nicole and G{\"o}ttert, Thomas and Zeller, Ulrich}, title = {Spatial Behavior and Habitat Use of Two Sympatric Bat Species}, series = {Animals}, volume = {11}, journal = {Animals}, number = {12}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2076-2615}, doi = {10.3390/ani11123460}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3465}, pages = {20}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Movement behavior and habitat use of the long-eared bat species Plecotus auritus and Plecotus austriacus were studied in the Havelland region in Brandenburg (Germany). Data collection included mist-netting, radiotelemetry, reconstruction of prey items, and monitoring of roosting sites. Body measurements confirm a high degree of phenotypic similarity between the two species. Total activity areas (100\% Minimum Convex Polygons, MCPS) of Plecotus austriacus (2828.3 ± 1269.43 ha) were up to five-fold larger compared to Plecotus auritus (544.54 ± 295.89 ha). The activity areas of Plecotus austriacus contained up to 11 distinct core areas, and their mean total size (149.7 ± 0.07 ha) was approximately three-fold larger compared to core areas of Plecotus auritus (49.2 ± 25.6 ha). The mean distance between consecutive fixes per night was 12.72 ± 3.7 km for Plecotus austriacus and 4.23 ± 2.8 km for Plecotus auritus. While Plecotus austriacus was located most frequently over pastures (>40\%) and meadows (>20\%), P. auritus was located mostly within deciduous (>50\%) and mixed forests (>30\%) in close vicinity to its roosts. Roost site monitoring indicates that the activity of P. austriacus is delayed relative to P. auritus in spring and declined earlier in autumn. These phenological differences are probably related to the species' respective diets. Levins' measure of trophic niche breadth suggests that the prey spectrum for P. auritus is more diverse during spring (B = 2.86) and autumn (B = 2.82) compared to P. austriacus (spring: B = 1.7; autumn: B = 2.1). Our results give reason to consider these interspecific ecological variations and species-specific requirements of P. auritus and P. austriacus to develop adapted and improved conservation measures.}, language = {en} } @article{VogelBoeneckeKlingetal.2020, author = {Vogel, Sebastian and B{\"o}necke, Eric and Kling, Charlotte and Kramer, Eckart and L{\"u}ck, Katrin and Nagel, Anne and Philipp, Golo and R{\"u}hlmann, J{\"o}rg and Schr{\"o}ter, Ingmar and Gebbers, Robin}, title = {Base Neutralizing Capacity of Agricultural Soils in a Quaternary Landscape of North-East Germany and Its Relationship to Best Management Practices in Lime Requirement Determination}, series = {Agronomy}, volume = {10}, journal = {Agronomy}, number = {6}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2073-4395}, doi = {10.3390/agronomy10060877}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3370}, pages = {18}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Despite being a natural soil-forming process, soil acidification is a major agronomic challenge under humid climate conditions, as soil acidity influences several yield-relevant soil properties. It can be counterbalanced by the regular application of agricultural lime to maintain or re-establish soil fertility and to optimize plant growth and yield. To avoid underdose as well as overdose, lime rates need to be calculated carefully. The lime rate should be determined by the optimum soil pH (target pH) and the response of the soil to lime, which is described by the base neutralizing capacity (BNC). Several methods exist to determine the lime requirement (LR) to raise the soil pH to its optimum. They range from extremely time-consuming equilibration methods, which mimic the natural processes in the soil, to quick tests, which rely on some approximations and are designed to provide farmers with timely and cost-efficient data. Due to the higher analytical efforts, only limited information is available on the real BNC of particular soils. In the present paper, we report the BNC of 420 topsoil samples from Central Europe (north-east Germany), developed on sediments from the last ice age 10,000 years ago under Holocene conditions. These soils are predominantly sandy and low in humus, but they exhibit a huge spatial variability in soil properties on a small scale. The BNC was determined by adding various concentrations of Ca(OH)2 and fitting an exponential model to derive a titration curve for each sample. The coefficients of the BNC titration curve were well correlated with soil properties affecting soil acidity and pH buffer capacity, i.e., pH, soil texture and soil organic matter (SOM). From the BNC model, the LRs (LRBNC) were derived and compared with LRVDLUFA based on the standard protocol in Germany as established by the Association of German Agricultural Analytic and Research Institutes (VDLUFA). The LRBNC and LRVDLUFA correlated well but the LRVDLUFA were generally by approximately one order of magnitude higher. This is partly due to the VDLUFA concept to recommend a maintenance or conservation liming, even though the pH value is in the optimum range, to keep it there until the next lime application during the following rotation. Furthermore, the VDLUFA method was primarily developed from field experiments where natural soil acidification and management practices depressed the effect of lime treatment. The BNC method, on the other hand, is solely based on laboratory analysis with standardized soil samples. This indicates the demand for further research to develop a sound scientific algorithm that complements LRBNC with realistic values of annual Ca2+ removal and acidification by natural processes and N fertilization.}, language = {en} } @misc{FranzkeCiulloGilmoreetal.2022, author = {Franzke, Christian L E and Ciullo, Alessio and Gilmore, Elisabeth A and Matias, Denise Margaret and Nagabhatla, Nidhi and Orlov, Anton and Paterson, Shona K and Scheffran, J{\"u}rgen and Sillmann, Jana}, title = {Perspectives on tipping points in integrated models of the natural and human Earth system: cascading effects and telecoupling}, series = {Environmental Research Letters}, volume = {17}, journal = {Environmental Research Letters}, number = {1}, publisher = {IOP Publishing Ltd}, issn = {1748-9326}, doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/ac42fd}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3476}, pages = {12}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The Earth system and the human system are intrinsically linked. Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions have led to the climate crisis, which is causing unprecedented extreme events and could trigger Earth system tipping elements. Physical and social forces can lead to tipping points and cascading effects via feedbacks and telecoupling, but the current generation of climate-economy models do not generally take account of these interactions and feedbacks. Here, we show the importance of the interplay between human societies and Earth systems in creating tipping points and cascading effects and the way they in turn affect sustainability and security. The lack of modeling of these links can lead to an underestimation of climate and societal risks as well as how societal tipping points can be harnessed to moderate physical impacts. This calls for the systematic development of models for a better integration and understanding of Earth and human systems at different spatial and temporal scales, specifically those that enable decision-making to reduce the likelihood of crossing local or global tipping points.}, language = {en} } @article{MacPhersonPaulHelming2020, author = {MacPherson, Joseph and Paul, Carsten and Helming, Katharina}, title = {Linking Ecosystem Services and the SDGs to Farm-Level Assessment Tools and Models}, series = {Sustainability}, volume = {12}, journal = {Sustainability}, number = {16}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2071-1050}, doi = {10.3390/su12166617}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3395}, pages = {19}, year = {2020}, abstract = {A number of tools and models have been developed to assess farm-level sustainability. However, it is unclear how well they potentially incorporate ecosystem services (ES), or how they may contribute to attaining the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Understanding how farm-level assessment tools and models converge on these new paradigms of sustainability is important for drawing comparison on sustainability performances of farming systems, conducting meta-analyses and upscaling local responses to global driving forces. In this study, a coverage analysis was performed for several farm-level sustainability assessment (SA) tools (SAFA, RISE, KSNL, DLG) and models (MODAM, MONICA, APSIM), in regard to their potential for incorporating ES and contribution to attaining the SDGs. Lists of agricultural-relevant CICES classes and SDG targets were compiled and matched against the indicators of the tools and models. The results showed that SAFA possessed the most comprehensive coverage of ES and SDGs, followed by RISE and KSNL. In comparison to models, SA tools were observed to have a higher degree of potential for covering ES and SDGs, which was attributed to larger and broader indicators sets. However, this study also suggested that, overall, current tools and models do not sufficiently articulate the concept of ecosystem services.}, language = {en} } @article{HalwaniRecklingSchuleretal.2019, author = {Halwani, Mosab and Reckling, Moritz and Schuler, Johannes and Bloch, Ralf and Bachinger, Johann}, title = {Soybean in No-Till Cover-Crop Systems}, series = {Agronomy}, volume = {9}, journal = {Agronomy}, number = {12}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2073-4395}, doi = {10.3390/agronomy9120883}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3314}, pages = {17}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Introducing agro-ecological techniques such as no-tillage systems with cover crops in rotations with soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) could provide more resilience to changing climatic conditions and, at the same time, reduce soil erosion, nitrate leaching, and weed density in the main crop. However, there are challenges in introducing no-tillage techniques in crop systems in Europe as there is little quantitative knowledge about the agro-economic impact. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the agronomic and economic impacts of three soybean cropping systems involving a rye (Secale cereal L.) cover crop prior to soybean, i.e., two no-tillage systems; either herbicide-free with crimping the rye or herbicide-based without rye crimping and one plough-based in which rye was cut as green silage. The impacts of these cropping strategies were compared in a three-year cropping system experiment at a research station in north-eastern Germany with and without irrigation. The following parameters were measured: (1) cover crop biomass; (2) weed biomass; (3) soybean plant density; (4) soybean grain yield; and (5) gross margin of the cropping system. The results showed that all three soybean cropping systems can effectively suppress weeds. System (C), the no-tillage herbicide-based system, produced the lowest rye biomass and highest soybean yield; system (B), the no-tillage herbicide-free/crimped rye system, produced the highest rye biomass and lowest soybean yield compared to system (A), the standard cutting/plough-based system. The differences in rye biomass and soybean yield observed between the three systems could be mainly attributed to the timing of the cover crop termination and the soybean sowing date. The gross margin was highest in system (C), due to the high soybean grain yield. The low soybean grain yield in system (B) resulted in lower revenues and gross margins compared to systems (A) and (C), although system (B) could be economically attractive in organic farming with higher prices for organic soybean. In the particularly dry year 2016, gross margins were higher when soybean was irrigated compared to the rainfed cultivation, due to significantly higher grain yields. Before recommending the application of the no-tillage with cover crop technique for the conditions tested in north-eastern Germany, more investigations on the benefits and risks of this technique are needed. Further research needs to focus on maintaining a high rye biomass as well as on ensuring an early soybean planting date. Optimizing the crimping and drilling equipment is still required in order to develop good management practices for no-tillage herbicide-free systems in European conditions.}, language = {en} } @article{BlumroederMayHaerdtleetal.2021, author = {Blumr{\"o}der, Jeanette Silvin and May, Felix and H{\"a}rdtle, Werner and Ibisch, Pierre L.}, title = {Forestry contributed to warming of forest ecosystems in northern Germany during the extreme summers of 2018 and 2019}, series = {Ecological Solutions and Evidence}, volume = {2}, journal = {Ecological Solutions and Evidence}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {2688-8319}, doi = {10.1002/2688-8319.12087}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-1992}, pages = {14}, year = {2021}, abstract = {1. Forest management influences a variety of ecosystem structures and processes relevant to meso- and microclimatic regulation, but little research has been done on how forest management can mitigate the negative effects of climate change on forest ecosystems. 2. We studied the temperature regulation capacity during the two Central European extreme summers in 2018 and 2019 in Scots pine plantations and European beech forests with different management-related structural characteristics. 3. We found that the maximum temperature was higher when more trees were cut and canopy was more open. Logging 100 trees per hectare increased maximum temperature by 0.21-0.34 K at ground level and by 0.09-0.17 K in 1.3 m above ground. Opening the forest canopy by 10\% significantly increased Tmax, measured 1.3 m above ground by 0.46 K (including pine and beech stands) and 0.35 K (only pine stands). At ground level, Tmax increased by 0.53 K for the model including pine and beech stands and by 0.41 K in pure pine stands. Relative temperature cooling capacity decreased with increasing wood harvest activities, with below average values in 2018 (and 2019) when more than 656 (and 867) trees per hectare were felled. In the pine forests studied, the relative temperature buffering capacity 1.3 m above ground was lower than average values for all sample plots when canopy cover was below 82\%. In both study years, mean maximum temperature measured at ground level and in 1.3 m was highest in a pine-dominated sample plots with relatively low stand volume (177 m3 ha-1) and 9 K lower in a sample plot with relatively high stock volumes of Fagus sylvatica (>565 m3 ha-1). During the hottest day in 2019, the difference in temperature peaks was more than 13 K for pine-dominated sample plots with relatively dense (72\%) and low (46\%) canopy cover. 4. Structural forest characteristics influenced by forest management significantly affect microclimatic conditions and therefore ecosystem vulnerability to climate change. We advocate keeping the canopy as dense as possible (at least 80\%) by maintaining sufficient overgrowth and by supporting deciduous trees that provide effective shade.}, language = {en} } @article{JhaKaecheleSieber2019, author = {Jha, Srijna and K{\"a}chele, Harald and Sieber, Stefan}, title = {Factors Influencing the Adoption of Water Conservation Technologies by Smallholder Farmer Households in Tanzania}, series = {Water}, volume = {11}, journal = {Water}, number = {12}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2073-4441}, doi = {10.3390/w11122640}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3320}, pages = {18}, year = {2019}, abstract = {In Tanzania, the increasing population coupled with climate change amplifies issues of food insecurity and negatively impacts the livelihoods of smallholder farmer households. To address these issues a range of water conservation techniques (WCTs) have been useful. However, the adoption of these WCTs in Tanzania has been limited due to many reasons. With the objective to better understand and identify the factors that significantly influence the adoption of WCTs in Tanzania, the study uses survey data from 701 smallholder farmer households and a bivariate logistic regression, to provide, for the first time, a comprehensive model for the adoption of WCTs in Tanzania that includes a range of individual, household, socio-economic, and farmer perception related variables (factors). The evaluation shows that 120 farmers (17.12\%) adopted WCTs and finds the farmer perceptions of rainfall instability, household wealth, and food security to be crucial. The results suggest that policy interventions should encourage conservation behavior (especially when the rainfall is perceived to be uncertain), emphasize the economic and food security-related benefits of adopting WCTs, include strategies that make adoption of WCTs attractive to female-led households, attempt to reach greater number of farmers via social networks and provide better access to public funds for farmers.}, language = {en} } @article{MahmoodArshadKaecheleetal.2020, author = {Mahmood, Nasir and Arshad, Muhammad and K{\"a}chele, Harald and Shahzad, Muhammad Faisal and Ullah, Ayat and Mueller, Klaus}, title = {Fatalism, Climate Resiliency Training and Farmers' Adaptation Responses: Implications for Sustainable Rainfed-Wheat Production in Pakistan}, series = {Sustainability}, volume = {12}, journal = {Sustainability}, number = {4}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2071-1050}, doi = {10.3390/su12041650}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3338}, pages = {21}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Climate change is a severe threat to the agricultural sector in general and to rainfed farming in particular. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors that can potentially affect the adaptation process against climate change. This study focused on wheat farmers and farming systems in the rainfed agroecological zone of Pakistan. Farmers' data related to climate change fatalism, the availability of climate-specific extension services, socioeconomic and institutional variables, and farm characteristics were collected. A logit model to assess farmers' decisions to adopt an adaptation measure and a multinomial logit model to assess their choice of various adaptation measures were used. The results showed that fatalistic farmers were unlikely to implement climate change adaptation measures. The variables related to the climate-specific extension services, including farmers' participation in training on climate-resilient crop farming and the availability of mobile communication-based advisory services, had highly significant and positive impacts on farmers' decisions and their choice of adaptation measures. Input market access and tractor ownership also had positive and significant impacts on farmers' decisions to adapt and their choice of adaptation measures. This study highlights the need to improve rainfed-wheat farmers' education levels to change their fatalistic attitudes towards climate change. Furthermore, government action is needed to provide climate-specific extension services to ensure sustainable production levels that will ultimately lead to food and livelihood security under a changing climate.}, language = {en} } @article{JhaKaecheleLanaetal.2020, author = {Jha, Srijna and K{\"a}chele, Harald and Lana, Marcos and Amjath-Babu, T.S and Sieber, Stefan}, title = {Exploring Farmers' Perceptions of Agricultural Technologies: A Case Study from Tanzania}, series = {Sustainability}, volume = {13}, journal = {Sustainability}, number = {3}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2071-1050}, doi = {10.3390/su12030998}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3340}, pages = {21}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The low agricultural productivity of key crops and food insecurity continue to be key issues in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and Tanzania. The growing population, depleting resources, and changing climate further amplify these issues. Globally, many agricultural technologies (AgTs) are available as pathways for improved agricultural productivity and food security, however, they have had relatively little success in SSA and Tanzania. This is because the uptake of AgTs is a complex process, which is highly localized, involving multiple actors, stages, and spatial and time dimensions. Smallholder farmers often experience issues of sustainability, constraints for adoption, and scaling-up throughout the uptake process of AgTs, all of which vary by region. This indicates a need for a systematic and simultaneous understanding of sustainability, constraints for adoption, and scaling-up of AgTs to better guide agricultural strategy and policy interventions in SSA and Tanzania. Moreover, in order to understand the local settings better, a consideration of the perceptions of the farmers themselves, who are the primary actors in the uptake process of AgTs, is key. Acknowledging this, the study takes on a case study approach, using the scaling-up assessment (ScalA) method and three focus group discussions with a total of 44 smallholder farmers to systematically and simultaneously assess the sustainability, constraints for adoption, and scaling-up of three AgTs (use of fertilizers, improved seeds, and small-scale irrigation) in Tanzania. The study finds that the farmers perceive all three AgTs to be sustainable for the study region. Adoption rates are perceived to be medium for use of fertilizers, high for improved seeds, and low for small-scale irrigation. The most significant constraints for adoption experienced by the farmers are lack of technical physical inputs, marketing facilities, and know-how. Scaling-up is perceived to be well fulfilled for use of fertilizers and improved seeds, but only partially fulfilled for small-scale irrigation, which is the most limited of the three AgTs. The most significant constraints for scaling-up experienced by farmers are a lack of confidence in the added value of the AgTs beyond project activities, marketing facilities, and technical physical inputs. The overall success potential is high for the use of fertilizers and improved seeds, and the average for small-scale irrigation. The farmers' perceptions partially indicate why the bundle of AgTs is lacking in the study region and provide a basis for discussing targeted agricultural and policy interventions in Tanzania.}, language = {en} } @article{UllahSaqibKaechele2022, author = {Ullah, Ayat and Saqib, Shahab E. and K{\"a}chele, Harald}, title = {Determinants of Farmers' Awareness and Adoption of Extension Recommended Wheat Varieties in the Rainfed Areas of Pakistan}, series = {Sustainability}, volume = {14}, journal = {Sustainability}, number = {6}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2071-1050}, doi = {10.3390/su14063194}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3496}, pages = {18}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Scientific evidence suggests that there is room for eradicating poverty and hunger by increasing food production through the adoption of modern agricultural practices by farmers. This study aimed, first, to explore the relationship between the farmers' awareness and adoption of improved wheat varieties. Second, it aimed to find the key factors that govern the farmers' awareness and adoption of extension-recommended innovations in the rainfed cropping system of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Data were collected from 395 respondents. A binary logit model was used to analyze the effect of the farmers' socioeconomic and farm-specific characteristics on their awareness and adoption of the extension-suggested wheat varieties. Moreover, qualitative data from 40 key informants were collected for in-depth analysis. The results show a strong association between the farmers' awareness of a technology (improved wheat varieties) and its adoption. The results of the logit model show that their extension contacts, income from agriculture, and access to credit positively affected the farmers' awareness, whereas their education and household sizes negatively affected their awareness. Moreover, the factors that positively influenced the farmers' decision to adopt the technology included the extension contact, the confidence in the extension, the risk-bearing attitude, and the credit access, whereas the household size and education negatively affected it. The results of the key informant interviews reveal that the high incidence of poverty, the low soil fertility, the farmers' inability to make effective decisions, the lack of accurate weather predictability in the rainfed farming system, the lack of government interest, and the asymmetric information in the inputs markets contributed to the farmers' low levels of awareness and to their poor adoption of improved agricultural technologies. These results indicate that any intervention aimed at the awareness and adoption by farmers of improved technologies, such as new wheat varieties, should recognize the heterogeneity in the farmers' socioeconomic and farm-specific characteristics.}, language = {en} } @article{BilandZebUllahetal.2021, author = {Biland, Mazhar and Zeb, Alam and Ullah, Ayat and K{\"a}chele, Harald}, title = {Why Do Households Depend on the Forest for Income? Analysis of Factors Influencing Households' Decision-Making Behaviors}, series = {Sustainability}, volume = {13}, journal = {Sustainability}, number = {16}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2071-1050}, doi = {10.3390/su13169419}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3441}, pages = {17}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Using survey information of 150 randomly selected households across 21 villages of the forest-rich district of Swat, Pakistan, this study assessed households' decision-making behaviors in depending on income from nearby forested land using socio-economic attributes. The evidence from the study may aid in making the existing policies be better targeted toward families that depend on the forest for income. Descriptive statistics and econometric techniques such as logit and tobit were used to analyze the data. Respondent households obtained the highest share of their income from off-farm activities (37\%) and least from forest activities (16\%). Fuelwood constitutes the biggest share (66\%) of forest income, followed by medical plants (20\%) and fodder (13\%). We found that households with more physical assets, more family members working in off-farm jobs, and households earning more income from off-farm jobs were significantly and negatively associated with households' decision to depend on forest income and total income obtained. We also found that households with less distance to the market and membership to joint forest management committees (JFMCs) were significantly and negatively associated with households' total income obtained. However, household size was significantly and positively related to households' decision of forest dependency. The study recommends the creation of off-farm opportunities and inclusion of local people in the management of forests through establishment of JFMCs, particularly for large and poor families.}, language = {en} } @article{UllahMahmoodZebetal.2020, author = {Ullah, Ayat and Mahmood, Nasir and Zeb, Alam and K{\"a}chele, Harald}, title = {Factors Determining Farmers' Access to and Sources of Credit: Evidence from the Rain-Fed Zone of Pakistan}, series = {Agriculture}, volume = {10}, journal = {Agriculture}, number = {12}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2077-0472}, doi = {10.3390/agriculture10120586}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3419}, pages = {13}, year = {2020}, abstract = {This study investigates the factors that affect farmers' access to agricultural credit and its role in adopting improved agricultural technologies in the rain-fed zone of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. Using logistic models, we assess and compare the relative role of farmers' socioeconomic attributes in their access to credit and adoption strategies. The results indicate a moderate positive association between farmers' access to agricultural credit and their adoption of improved agricultural technologies. The binary logit model's results indicate that farmers with a large-sized farm, high farm income, better access to information, and large physical asset ownership showed a positive influence on credit access. However, farming experience showed a negative effect on farmers' access to agricultural credit. Regarding farmers' credit sources, this study found that asset-rich farmers with more farming experience and better access to information relied more on banks than on input providers and informal credit sources. Similarly, older farmers with more education, larger farm sizes and high farm income were more likely to have borrowed from input providers than banks. We conclude that the role of the effective provision of information on credit and agricultural technology is imperative and requires separate policies that are specifically aimed at different groups of farmers with different socioeconomic and farm-related characteristics.}, language = {en} } @article{EriksenVersluijsFuchsetal.2022, author = {Eriksen, Ane and Versluijs, Erik and Fuchs, Boris and Zimmermann, Barbara and Wabakken, Petter and Ordiz, Andr{\´e}s and Sunde, Peter and Wikenros, Camilla and Sand, H{\aa}kan and Gillich, Benjamin and Michler, Frank and Nordli, Kristoffer and Carricondo-Sanchez, David and Gorini, Lucrezia and Rieger, Siegfried}, title = {A Standardized Method for Experimental Human Approach Trials on Wild Wolves}, series = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution}, volume = {10}, journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution}, publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.}, issn = {2296-701X}, doi = {10.3389/fevo.2022.793307}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2788}, pages = {17}, year = {2022}, abstract = {As wolves recolonize areas of Europe ranging from moderate to high anthropogenic impact, fear of wolves is a recurring source of conflict. Shared tools for evaluating wolf responses to humans, and comparing such responses across their range, can be valuable. Experiments in which humans approach wild wolves can increase our understanding of how wolves respond to humans, facilitating human-wolf coexistence. We have developed the first standardized protocol for evaluating wolf responses to approaching humans using high-resolution GPS data, and tested it on wild wolves. We present a field protocol for experimentally approaching GPS-collared wolves, a descriptive comparison of two statistical methods for detecting a measurable flight response, a tutorial for identifying wolf flight initiation and resettling positions, and an evaluation of the method when reducing GPS positioning frequency. The field protocol, a data collection form, and the tutorial with R code for extracting flight parameters are provided. This protocol will facilitate studies of wolf responses to approaching humans, applicable at a local, national, and international level. Data compiled in a standardized way from multiple study areas can be used to quantify the variation in wolf responses to humans within and between populations, and in relation to predictors such as social status, landscape factors, or human population density, and to establish a baseline distribution of wolf response patterns given a number of known predictors. The variation in wolf responses can be used to assess the degree to which results can be generalized to areas where GPS studies are not feasible, e.g., for predicting the range of likely wolf behaviors, assessing the likelihood of wolf-human encounters, and complementing existing tools for evaluating reports of bold wolves. Showing how wolves respond to human encounters should help demystify the behavior of wild wolves toward humans in their shared habitat.}, language = {en} } @article{SpiesZuberiMaehlisetal.2022, author = {Spies, Michael and Zuberi, Mehwish and M{\"a}hlis, Madlen and Zakirova, Aksana and Alff, Henryk and Raab, Christoph}, title = {Towards a participatory systems approach to managing complex bioeconomy interventions in the agrarian sector}, series = {Sustainable Production and Consumption}, journal = {Sustainable Production and Consumption}, number = {31}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {2352-5509}, doi = {10.1016/j.spc.2022.03.020}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4205}, pages = {557 -- 568}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Calls for a "sustainable bioeconomy" have recently begun to proliferate in academic and political circles as an answer to global challenges such as the rapidly increasing world population and changing environmental conditions due to climate change. To build economies that rely on various sources of biomass rather than on fossil-based resources, bioeconomy policies highlight a need to explore ways in which productivity in agriculture can be increased. While the focus on productivity growth has largely been inspired by technology optimism and modernisation thinking, the local knowledge of farmers and other rural stakeholders - as a means of contributing to socially and ecologically more sustainable bioeconomy pathways - has frequently been sidelined. This perspective article proposes and discusses a participatory approach to strategy formulation and evaluation in agricultural transformation and bioeconomy development that is based on the methodological toolbox MARISCO (Adaptive MAnagement of vulnerability and RISk at COnservation sites). By offering a means of developing a comprehensive knowledge map, bringing together both insights and perspectives from diverse local stakeholders, this approach enables a systemic evaluation of the social and ecological effects of intervention strategies on the ground. The article outlines the benefits - and challenges - of such a systemic and participatory approach and briefly sketches how the results can be utilised in more sustainable governance processes in the development of bioeconomy strategies. We conclude that our adapted MARISCO methodology offers a viable tool to make more visible the perspectives and knowledge of biomass producers for policymakers and to contribute to a much-needed discursive shift in bioeconomy debates towards more holistic and inclusive perspectives.}, language = {en} } @article{AmponsemBensahAhiekporetal.2022, author = {Amponsem, Bright and Bensah, Edem Cudjoe and Ahiekpor, Julius Cudjoe and Cremer, Tobias and Herold, Nadine and Antwi, Edward and Mensah, Isaac and Narra, Satyanarayana and Boahen, Benjamin}, title = {Cleaner energy potential analysis for composite biomass residues from decentralized sawmills in Ghana- A case study for Oforikrom Municipality}, series = {Cleaner Engineering and Technology}, journal = {Cleaner Engineering and Technology}, number = {11}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {2666-7908}, doi = {10.1016/j.clet.2022.100563}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6154}, pages = {11}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The variation of wood species processed in sawmills in developing countries generates composite waste which presents treatment challenges due to a lack of understanding of their physicochemical characteristics for proper planning for clean energy generation. Most of the waste is discarded or burnt openly which releases harmful gases into the environment. This study investigated the physicochemical characteristics of mixed sawdust generated from five wood species generated at a Ghanaian sawmill in Oforikrom Municipality for improving waste treatment. The particle size distribution (PSD), bulk density, proximate and ultimate values, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and structural analysis were used to characterize the composite sawdust for briquetting and gasification purposes. It was found that the net heating value (17.46 MJ/kg), some proximate and ultimate values meet briquette standard but high percentages of ash (2.95\%), moisture (41.48\%) and the possibility of nitrogen oxides emissions were notable challenges. PSD resulted in different high fine fractions which are unsuitable for densification. The increase of sieving amplitudes at 30, 50 and 80 rpm generated an average increase in sieve efficiency of fines by 4.22\%. Mixing of fines (42.38-46.6\%) and optimum particle size (53.40-57.62\%) fractions was suggested as the best approach to enhance briquette density and durability. The FTIR spectra showed a range of peaks such as 1734.46 cm-1, 1620.48 cm-1, 1506.50 cm-1, 1462.02 cm-1, 1420.32 cm-1 etc. for functional groups identification. Composite sawdust spectra showed high absorbance with no shift of wavenumbers compared with temperate woods, however, it deviated massively when compared with industrial cellulose and organosolv lignin. TGA indicated that exact mixed wood pyrolysis temperatures, volatile and biochar fractions will always depend on sample compositions. The increase in heating rates yielded little significance to volatiles and char increments. Collection of clean sawdust and rooftop drying were recommended as a way of enhancing sawdust properties. Composite sawdust has a promising potential to support Ghana's activities for meeting the renewable energy generation targets. The understanding of these potential assessments is significant to boost the local municipality energy supply.}, language = {en} } @article{BirdmanBarthLang2022, author = {Birdman, Jodie and Barth, Matthias and Lang, Daniel J.}, title = {Connecting curricula and competence through student learning journeys}, series = {Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy}, journal = {Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy}, number = {18/1}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, issn = {1548-7733}, doi = {10.1080/15487733.2022.2097773}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4240}, pages = {560 -- 575}, year = {2022}, abstract = {This research examines the connection between higher education curricula for sustainable development and student development of key competencies for sustainability. The authors conducted a comparative case study that followed ten students from three graduate sustainability programs. Through a combination of student-generated and contextual data, we created a set of learning journeys. These journeys showed that activities which foster reflection, interaction, and real-world connections are especially critical for competence development as part of the whole curriculum. What and how students found most useful depended on individual disposition and we identified four general categories based on prior experience, attitude to learning, and individual goals. Barriers to competency development were frustration, feelings of helplessness, and being unable to link competence to concrete activities or concepts. These barriers could be mitigated through peer interaction and mentorship, environmental support such as spaces for collaboration, and instructor scaffolding. Because no single course can fit the needs of each student, we recommend that beneficial components in the form of courses that support the above-mentioned activities be part of purposeful curriculum design.}, language = {en} } @article{BashutskaCremer2020, author = {Bashutska, U. B. and Cremer, Tobias}, title = {Екологічне оцінювання деревини робінії звичайної та рекультивованих відвалів шахт як резервної території для її вирощування}, series = {Scientific Bulletin of UNFU}, volume = {30}, journal = {Scientific Bulletin of UNFU}, number = {3}, issn = {1994-7836}, doi = {10.36930/40300309}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4433}, pages = {51 -- 59}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Раціональне користування природними ресурсами є необхідним для сталого розвитку. Потребою сьогодення є використання екологічної сировини, яка спричиняє мінімальний вплив на довкілля та здоров'я людини під час її виробництва, використання й утилізації. Проаналізовано екологічну цінність деревини робінії звичайної на підставі вивчення її застосування та ринків збуту у Німеччині. Відзначено подібність її деревини за хімічним складом і властивостями із деревиною тропічних видів дерев, а також можливість заготівлі екологічно сприйнятливими способами. Вивчено можливість вирощування цього інтродукованого виду рослин на рекультивованих породних відвалах за умови екологічного моніторингу. Опрацьовано інформацію про насадження робінії звичайної у північно-східній низовині Німеччини. Проаналізовано будову, властивості деревини робінії та її можливе використання. Розглянуто принципи сортування та відповідні критерії якості деревини робінії. Здійснено порівняння ринків робінії у Бранденбурзі (Німеччина) та Угорщині. Запропоновано заходи щодо збільшення використання робінії. Розглянуто порушені землі Малого Полісся, як резервні території отримання екологічної деревини робінії звичайної. Екологічно обґрунтованим є відведення для цього порушених добуванням вугілля територій у сприятливих лісорослинних районах. Фітомеліоративні властивості робінії звичайної роблять її перспективним видом для залісення новоутворених екотопів із широкою екологічною амплітудою в умовах Малого Полісся. Наявність насипних рекультиваційних ґрунтів є необхідною умовою для приживання та рівномірного росту і розвитку робінієвих культур в умовах породних відвалів шахт. Якість та продуктивність робінієвих насаджень залежать від фізико-хімічних властивостей шарів насипних ґрунтів та мікрокліматичних особливостей екотопів відвалів. Це зумовлює відмінності в рості й розвитку робінієвих насаджень, впливає на показники якості деревини робінії і зумовлює шляхи її можливого використання. Меліоративна функція робінієвих насаджень на післягірничих ландшафтах є особливо важливою у час зміни клімату. Продуктивна функція робінієвих насаджень на післягірничих ландшафтах дає підставу розглядати їх як додаткове джерело біологічно стійкої деревини.}, language = {mul} } @article{MartensOeztuerkRindtetal.2022, author = {Martens, D{\"o}rte and {\"O}zt{\"u}rk, {\"O}yk{\"u}m and Rindt, Lara and Twarok, Jana and Steinhardt, Uta and Molitor, Heike}, title = {Supporting biodiversity: Structures of participatory actions in urban green spaces}, series = {Frontiers in Sustainable Cities}, volume = {4}, journal = {Frontiers in Sustainable Cities}, publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.}, issn = {2624-9634}, doi = {10.3389/frsc.2022.952790}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3636}, pages = {13}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Biodiversity loss is an important topic considering climate change, global warming, and even the reasoning of current and future animal-related diseases, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Urban biodiversity is also important because of the ecosystem services they provide, restorative benefits for well-being, and physical health of the people who live in urban areas. Each city has its own strategies to cope with this issue, and these strategies do not function without the contribution of habitants of the cities. We developed an index (BBS) of the existing possibilities to support urban biodiversity in Berlin to measure the awareness and willingness of the Berliners to participate and support urban biodiversity. A survey was conducted in a face-to-face situation in four districts of Berlin with 431 urban residents, measuring preference for three different levels of biodiversity, connectedness to residential greenspace, neighborhood and city, nature relatedness, and willingness in participatory actions around greenspace. The results show that the high biodiversity condition in a photo scenario was preferred by most residents, indicating the appreciation for urban biodiversity. The connectedness to the residential greenspace was high (and higher than the connectedness to neighborhood and city), showing large potential for quality of life. While the overall willingness to participate in actions to support urban greenspace was rather high, our index shows substantial differences in activities, which are perceived more or less. This is a key result for urban park management to increase urban biodiversity participation processes.}, language = {en} } @article{KereselidzePilarskaLindeetal.2020, author = {Kereselidze, Manana and Pilarska, Daniela and Linde, Andreas and Sanscrainte, Neil D. and Hajek, Ann E.}, title = {Nosema maddoxi infecting the brown marmorated Stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (St{\aa}l) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), in the Republic of Georgia}, series = {Biocontrol Science and Technology}, volume = {30}, journal = {Biocontrol Science and Technology}, number = {10}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, issn = {0958-3157}, doi = {10.1080/09583157.2020.1787346}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4942}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Halyomorpha halys is an invasive, polyphagous stink bug from Asia, first reported attacking hazelnut orchards in the Republic of Georgia in 2015. A microsporidian pathogen discovered in Georgian H. halys has been identified as Nosema maddoxi by sequencing the ribosomal small subunit gene. Nosema maddoxi is native to North America and has also been found in China and South Korea; in North America it infects native stink bugs and H. halys. Investigations were carried out during different seasons in three regions of West Georgia in 2018-2019. The highest prevalence of N. maddoxi was detected among overwintered adults collected in May in the Guria region.}, language = {en} } @techreport{WeinbergerKoenigNoeltingetal.2024, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Weinberger, Rebecca and K{\"o}nig, Bettina and N{\"o}lting, Benjamin and Gutsohn, Andrea}, title = {Ver{\"a}nderungen von Konsumpraktiken in der Corona-Pandemie: Ergebnisse aus dem "Logbuch der Ver{\"a}nderungen"}, doi = {10.57741/opus4-830}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8306}, pages = {57}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Die Corona-Pandemie und die Maßnahmen zu ihrer Eind{\"a}mmung hatten vielfache wirtschaftliche und gesellschaftliche Auswirkungen und f{\"u}hrten dabei zu tiefgreifenden Ver{\"a}nderungen in den Alltagsroutinen vieler Menschen. Davon blieben auch die Alltagsbereiche Konsum und Versorgung nicht verschont. In diesem Diskussionspapier wird untersucht, inwieweit sich Alltagspraktiken im Hinblick auf das Einkaufs- und Versorgungsverhalten durch die Corona-bedingten Beschr{\"a}nkungen ver{\"a}ndert haben und welche Auswirkungen diese Verhaltens{\"a}nderungen auf eine nachhaltige Entwicklung haben k{\"o}nnen. Grundlage daf{\"u}r ist die Tagebuchstudie „Logbuch der Ver{\"a}nderung" des Forschungszentrums [Nachhaltigkeit - Transformation - Transfer]. Im untersuchten Handlungsfeld „Einkauf und Versorgung" wurden insgesamt 757 Logbucheintr{\"a}ge, welche von 545 Logbuchschreiber*innen verfasst wurden, ausgewertet. Das Datenmaterial umfasst die Eintr{\"a}ge der ersten drei Erhebungsphasen (von M{\"a}rz bis September 2020) des Logbuchprojektes. Den theoretischen Rahmen f{\"u}r das untersuchte Handlungsfeld bildet die Praxistheorie und wird methodisch durch eine qualitative Inhaltsanalyse strukturiert. Nach Auswertung des qualitativen Datenmaterials konnten f{\"u}nf Praktiken identifizierten werden: (1) Kauf von Verbrauchsg{\"u}tern, (2) Verwendung der Lebensmittel, (3) Planung des Einkaufs, (4) Fortbewegung zum Einkaufen und (5) Kauf von Gebrauchsg{\"u}tern. Die Analyse der Praktiken mit Fokus auf die drei praxistheoretischen Elemente (Kompetenz, Sinn, Materialit{\"a}t) zeigte folgende Ergebnisse: Verhaltens{\"a}nderungen treten in allen f{\"u}nf Praktiken auf, wobei sich die gr{\"o}ßten Ver{\"a}nderungen in den zwei Praktiken (1) Kauf von Verbrauchsg{\"u}tern und (2) Verwendung von Lebensmitteln zeigen. Die Logbuchschreiber*innen verwenden in der ersten Phase der Pandemie mehr Zeit f{\"u}r die Einkaufsplanung und bereiten deutlich h{\"a}ufiger als fr{\"u}her Mahlzeiten selbst Zuhause zu. Die H{\"a}ufigkeit der Einkaufsg{\"a}nge hat abgenommen, w{\"a}hrend die Menge der pro Einkauf gekauften Verbrauchsg{\"u}ter zugenommen hat. Das Bed{\"u}rfnis Gebrauchsg{\"u}ter zu konsumieren ist entweder zur{\"u}ckgegangen oder es wurde auf Onlineangebote zur{\"u}ckgegriffen. Viele der Verhaltens{\"a}nderungen lassen sich nachhaltigen Konsummerkmalen zuordnen.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{deMiguelDiezTolosanaEstebanCremer2021, author = {de Miguel-D{\´i}ez, Felipe and Tolosana-Esteban, Eduardo and Cremer, Tobias}, title = {3D-Simulation of Wood Stacks to Analyze the Influence of Log Properties on Stack Volume}, series = {Environmental Sciences Proceeding}, booktitle = {Environmental Sciences Proceeding}, number = {3(1)}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2673-4931}, doi = {10.3390/IECF2020-08063}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4452}, pages = {6}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The quantification of the solid wood content in a wood stack has been an object of investigation since the 18th century. Particularly, the log parameters exert a considerable influence on the volume of the stack, such as (1) the log midpoint diameter, (2) average bark thickness, (3) crookedness, and (4) log taper. Although many of these parameters have already been studied and some are already considered in many countries when measuring wood stacks, their influence has not been analyzed individually so far since a broad statistical database is needed and the data collection is very costly. Consequently, a 3D-simulation model was developed based on a cross-platform game engine. This model generates virtual wood stacks based on a data set of logs which are defined by the user. The simulation of a stack can be done in a few seconds only and each stack generated can be visualized once all iterations are done. The simulation results are the stacked cubic volume, solid wood cubic volume, and the respective conversion factors. The model, fed with both real data and user-defined data, allows for a detailed analysis of the effect of each parameter on the results, as the user can vary their values discretionary. To obtain the first results from real data, 1000 logs of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were measured. The first simulations based on these data show reliable results and it is possible to quantify the influence of the proportion of crooked wood in a pile on the stack volume and the conversion factor. In addition, the results are highly in line with the real trials that have already been performed in parallel. A further scientific evaluation and statistical analysis will be done in a second study phase. However, the model already provides a reasonable tool that is easy to apply for the forest and wood industry in order to make the most accurate estimate possible of the solid wood content in a wood pile.}, language = {en} } @article{LeuschnerEilingJonasetal.2021, author = {Leuschner, Fabian and Eiling, Anna and Jonas, Benjamin and Einsporn, Jana and Jandziol, Claudia and Kr{\"u}mmer, Manja and Tossmann, Peter}, title = {Gesundheitsverhalten und psychische Belastung Studierender}, series = {Pr{\"a}vention und Gesundheitsf{\"o}rderung}, volume = {16}, journal = {Pr{\"a}vention und Gesundheitsf{\"o}rderung}, number = {4}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, issn = {1861-6755}, doi = {10.1007/s11553-020-00825-6}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2130}, pages = {303 -- 309}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Hintergrund Hochschulen engagieren sich zunehmend f{\"u}r die Gesundheit ihrer Studierenden. Voraussetzung f{\"u}r die Planung und Umsetzung bedarfsgerechter Maßnahmen eines studentischen Gesundheitsmanagements an Hochschulen ist die Durchf{\"u}hrung einer Bedarfsanalyse. Ziel der Arbeit Wir beschreiben die Implementation eines Gesundheitsmonitorings f{\"u}r Studierende und stellen ausgew{\"a}hlte Ergebnisse zweier Hochschulen dar. Um einen hochschulspezifischen Handlungsbedarf zu pr{\"u}fen, werden Unterschiede im Gesundheitsverhalten und dem Belastungserleben zwischen den Studierenden der beiden Hochschulen herausgearbeitet. Methoden Gemeinsam mit Fachkr{\"a}ften beteiligter Hochschulen wurde partizipativ ein Fragebogeninstrument zur Erfassung des Gesundheitsverhaltens und der psychischen Belastung entwickelt und eine Online-Befragung der Studierenden an den beteiligten Hochschulen umgesetzt. Zentrale Ergebnisse zweier Hochschulen werden deskriptiv dargestellt, Unterschiede zwischen den Hochschulen werden mit Konfidenzintervallen gepr{\"u}ft. Ergebnisse Daten von 856 Studierenden aus zwei Hochschulen wurden ausgewertet. Es zeigen sich signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Hochschulen hinsichtlich des Ern{\"a}hrungsverhaltens, des Tabak- und des Cannabiskonsums der Studierenden. Diskussion Die Ergebnisse des Gesundheitsmonitorings geben Hinweise auf hochschulspezifische Ansatzpunkte f{\"u}r Maßnahmen der Gesundheitsf{\"o}rderung und Pr{\"a}vention.}, language = {de} } @misc{Alff2022, author = {Alff, Henryk}, title = {Book review to: Beyond the Steppe Frontier. A History of the Sino-Russian Border. - S{\"o}ren Urbansky, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2020, xiii + 367pp.}, series = {Europe-Asia Studies}, volume = {74}, journal = {Europe-Asia Studies}, number = {3}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, isbn = {9780691181684}, issn = {0966-8136}, doi = {10.1080/09668136.2022.2050559}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6067}, pages = {508 -- 510}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BernhardGosselWill2022, author = {Bernhard, Miriam and Gossel, Britta M. and Will, Andreas}, title = {Der Zusammenhang zwischen der strategischen Technologieorientierung und dem organisationalen Lernen in Medienorganisationen}, series = {Internet-Intermedi{\"a}re und virtuelle Plattformen medien{\"o}konomisch betrachtet: Proceedings zur Jahrestagung der Fachgruppe Medien{\"o}konomie der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Publizistik- und Kommunikationswissenschaft 2021, Hamburg}, booktitle = {Internet-Intermedi{\"a}re und virtuelle Plattformen medien{\"o}konomisch betrachtet: Proceedings zur Jahrestagung der Fachgruppe Medien{\"o}konomie der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Publizistik- und Kommunikationswissenschaft 2021, Hamburg}, editor = {Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Publizistik- und Kommunikationswissenschaft e.V.,}, doi = {10.21241/ssoar.78775.v2}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4615}, pages = {163 -- 176}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Zukunftstechnologien {\"u}ben schon seit geraumer Zeit Transformationsdruck auf Medienorganisationen aus (K{\"u}ng, 2008). Medienorganisationen sind daher gezwungen, gezielt zu reagieren, sich zu ver{\"a}ndern und zu lernen. Ein theoretisches Konstrukt, das diesen Prozess erkl{\"a}rt, ist die Theorie des organisationalen Lernens (OL) (Senge, 2006). In der allgemeinen Managementforschung ist OL bereits ein etablierter theoretische Ansatz (Dick, 2005), bei Medienorganisationen wurde OL bislang kaum erforscht (Bernhard \& Will, 2021). Die strategische Orientierung der Organisation stellt eine M{\"o}glichkeit zur F{\"o}rderung des OL dar (Se{\c{c}}kin-Hala{\c{c}}, 2019). Insbesondere die strategische Technologieorientierung (TO) k{\"o}nnte in Anbetracht von Zukunftstechnologien hilfreich f{\"u}r OL sein (ebd.). Vor diesem Hintergrund besch{\"a}ftigt sich dieser Beitrag mit der folgenden Frage: Besteht ein Zusammenhang zwischen der Technologieorientierung (TO) und dem organisationalen Lernen (OL) in Medienorganisationen? Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage wurde eine explorative Onlineumfrage (Zeitraum: Dez. 2020 bis Jan. 2021) unter deutschen Medienmanager*innen (N=46) durchgef{\"u}hrt. F{\"u}r die Untersuchung wurden die Instrumente von Hakala \& Kohtam{\"a}ki (2011) f{\"u}r die TO und von Marsick \& Watkins (2003) f{\"u}r das OL {\"u}bernommen. Die Umfragedaten wurden mithilfe der Rangkorrelation nach Spearman analysiert. Kernergebnis der Untersuchung ist, dass ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen TO und OL besteht.}, language = {de} } @article{Zuberi2021, author = {Zuberi, Mehwish}, title = {Between Disconnects and Flows: Reflections on Doing Fieldwork in Rural South Punjab during the Covid-19 Pandemic}, series = {S{\"u}dasien-Chronik - South Asia Chronicle}, volume = {11}, journal = {S{\"u}dasien-Chronik - South Asia Chronicle}, isbn = {978-3-86004-348-6}, doi = {10.18452/24179}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6186}, pages = {521 -- 540}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{MilestadvonMuenchhausenKvametal.2023, author = {Milestad, Rebecka and von M{\"u}nchhausen, Susanne and Kvam, Gunn-Turid and Schermer, Markus}, title = {Managing growth in medium-sized organic businesses: Implications for local orientation and resilience building}, series = {Sociologia Ruralis}, volume = {63}, journal = {Sociologia Ruralis}, number = {1; Special Issue: Values-Based Territorial Food Networks' - Benefits, Challenges and Controversies}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {0038-0199}, doi = {10.1111/soru.12393}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5631}, pages = {45 -- 65}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This article explores how locally oriented organic businesses adapt to handle crises during a growth process to build resilience, how these businesses maintain the local orientation when growing and what the implications are for the relationship between territoriality and organic production. We explored four cases of organic businesses in Sweden, Norway, Germany and Austria. The cases can be described as Values-based Territorial Food Networks. All cases experienced challenges and crises during their growth processes and sought to provide stability and flexibility in order to deal with change. The restructuration process required internalising learning into their organisations, using diversity in a strategic way and forming long-term partnerships within their value chains. While organic certification was never at stake, the meaning of 'local' shifted in some of the cases.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{deMiguelDiezRederWalloretal.2021, author = {de Miguel-D{\´i}ez, Felipe and Reder, Stefan and Wallor, Evelyn and Bahr, Henrik and Mund, Jan-Peter and Cremer, Tobias}, title = {Long Range and High-Speed Personal Laser Scanning (PLS) and Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) Technology in Roundwood Measurement}, series = {Proceedings of the SilviLaser Conference 2021}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the SilviLaser Conference 2021}, doi = {10.34726/wim.1929}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4462}, pages = {3}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{Gossel2022, author = {Gossel, Britta M.}, title = {Analogies in Entrepreneurial Communication and Strategic Communication: Definition, Delimitation of Research Programs and Future Research}, series = {International Journal of Strategic Communication}, volume = {16}, journal = {International Journal of Strategic Communication}, number = {2}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, issn = {1553-118X}, doi = {10.1080/1553118X.2021.2015689}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4659}, pages = {134 -- 156}, year = {2022}, abstract = {This article aims to build a better understanding of entrepreneurial communication and strategic communication. The term entrepreneurial is finding its way into the discussion of communication science in general and strategic communication in particular, for example, through the consideration of startups. So far, the term entrepreneurial communication remains vague, is hardly defined and is not systematically distinguished from strategic communication. By applying an analogies lens in the context of problematizing, differences between the terms entrepreneurial and strategic in entrepreneurial communication and strategic communication are explored based on selected given definitions. As a result, three unifying dimensions - development stage, mode, and logic - are developed to highlight fundamental differences between the two terms. To create potential for a future creation of entrepreneurial communication as research program, and to elaborate on future potential for strategic communication in relation to this, central theoretical approaches in entrepreneurship research and their potential to research entrepreneurial communication are explored.}, language = {en} } @article{GanHalikShietal.2023, author = {Gan, Lu and Halik, {\"U}m{\"u}t and Shi, Lei and Welp, Martin}, title = {Multi-scenario dynamic prediction of ecological risk assessment in an arid area of northwest China}, series = {Ecological Indicators}, volume = {154}, journal = {Ecological Indicators}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110727}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8274}, pages = {12}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Ecological security is essential for the development of environmental health and human society. However, the driving mechanisms and spatial non-stationarity of ecological risks are still unknown, particularly in arid areas. Thus, this study constructed an ecological risk index (ERI) research framework in arid areas based on land use and socio-economic data from 1980 to 2020 to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution trend, driving mechanisms, and spatial non-stationarity of ecological risk and predict the ecological risk under business-as-usual, economic development, and ecological protection scenarios using a patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model. The results show that: (1) cropland and build-up land were expanding, whereas forestland and grassland water bodies were shrinking. Compared with the two development stages from 1980 to 2000 and from 2000 to 2020, cropland increased by 4.73\% and 51.52\%, respectively, whereas build-up land increased by 12.64\% and 106.52\%, respectively, indicating rapid development and drastic changes in the past 20 years. (2) With the change in landscape diversity, the regional ecological risks showed an increasing trend, whereas the future ecological risks showed an increasing trend because of the cumulative effect of landscape pattern changes caused by human activities. (3) Moreover, dramatic changes in ecological risk, particularly in areas of intense human activity in build-up land, agricultural land, artificial oases, and mountainous areas. Corresponding to the analysis of driving mechanisms, population, GDP, distance to government, water, and primary roads; have a significant effect on ecological risk, whereas DEM has direct and indirect effect paths. Ultimately, the proposed analysis framework can present the spatiotemporal changes of ecological risks and their influencing mechanisms, which can help develop sustainable development policies.}, language = {en} } @article{GillichMichlerStolteretal.2023, author = {Gillich, Benjamin and Michler, Frank-Uwe and Stolter, Caroline and Lorenz, Antje and Metze, Katrin and Tischew, Sabine and Rieger, Siegfried}, title = {Space-time interactions between free-ranging red deer (Cervus elaphus) and grazing livestock on a fenced pasture}, series = {European Journal of Wildlife Research}, volume = {69}, journal = {European Journal of Wildlife Research}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, doi = {10.1007/s10344-023-01692-0}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6467}, pages = {9}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Livestock farming, which produces milk and meat, is practised by nearly all cultures. But in addition to this, grazing livestock fulfils other fundamentally important roles, one of which is the maintenance of open landscapes, which in turn provides habitat for many rare plant and animal species. Whether wild large herbivores, such as red deer (Cervus elaphus), benefit from the management of the open landscapes is unknown, and there are conflicting views on the nature of the interaction between livestock and wildlife. To investigate this question, we studied interactions in space and time between red deer and livestock in an 787 ha fenced pasture in eastern Germany. First, we used faecal pellet counts to determine whether red deer were using the fenced pasture and whether livestock were using the entire available pasture. Second, we fitted ten red deer, as well as eight Konik horses (Equus ferus caballus) and eight Heck cattle (Bos taurus) with GPS-collars. These data allowed us to perform analyses of space-time interactions. The faecal pellet data showed that red deer did indeed use the fenced pasture and that livestock used the entire extent of the pasture. Further, we verified a neutral space-time interaction between red deer and livestock within the pasture. Thus, there was no indication of a negative effect of the presence of livestock on red deer inside the pasture. For these reasons, we recommend that low-intensity grazing by cattle and horses can maintain open landscapes without detrimental effects on the use of the area by red deer.}, language = {en} } @misc{TietzeGerholdIbisch2023, author = {Tietze, Nikola and Gerhold, Lars and Ibisch, Pierre L.}, title = {Policy narratives in forest fire management}, series = {Environmental Research Letters}, volume = {18}, journal = {Environmental Research Letters}, publisher = {IOP Publishing Ltd}, issn = {1748-9326}, doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/acf6d2}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8193}, pages = {32}, year = {2023}, abstract = {As the risk of forest fires increases around the globe, the issues of how to control, suppress, and prevent them are the subjects of growing public and political attention. This study focuses on the political debate in Germany regarding forest fires and provides insights into the conceptualization of forest fires and forest fire management at the federal and state policymaking levels. By examining forest fire narratives through the policy lens, this case study takes an exemplary extreme weather event exacerbated by climate change as an opportunity to examine the policy response to this problem. In this way, we examine the role of policy narratives in civil and environmental protection and disaster management. The findings reveal that all politicians examined in this study agree that forest fire management is an urgent matter that needs to be supported. In the prevailing human-centered narrative, policymakers see active forest management and use as tools to improve forest resilience to fire and other calamities. Those who advocate a nature-based narrative assert that it is natural processes in protected forest areas that most effectively enhance resilience. The policy solutions derived from these views include financial support, recognition of the work of foresters, forest fire managers, and civil protection agencies as well as, depending on the type of narrative argument favored, either increased forest management or improved protection of forest ecologies. This suggests that narrative analysis may illuminate the rationales underlying previous policy decisions and the framework for future ones. This contribution throws light on how narratives shape policymaking and, by extension, disaster management. Future studies should therefore take into account the influence of prevailing narratives when it comes to evaluating the potential that policymaking can offer for disaster management in the future.}, language = {en} } @article{PaulBartkowskiDoenmezetal.2023, author = {Paul, Carsten and Bartkowski, Bartosz and D{\"o}nmez, Cenk and Don, Axel and Mayer, Stefanie and Steffens, Markus and Weigl, Sebastian and Wiesmeier, Martin and Wolf, Andr{\´e} and Helming, Katharina}, title = {Carbon farming: Are soil carbon certificates a suitable tool for climate change mitigation?}, series = {Journal of Environmental Management}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Management}, number = {330}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {0301-4797}, doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117142}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8140}, pages = {11}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in agricultural soils removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and contributes towards achieving carbon neutrality. For farmers, higher SOC levels have multiple benefits, including increased soil fertility and resilience against drought-related yield losses. However, increasing SOC levels requires agricultural management changes that are associated with costs. Private soil carbon certificates could compensate for these costs. In these schemes, farmers register their fields with commercial certificate providers who certify SOC increases. Certificates are then sold as voluntary emission offsets on the carbon market. In this paper, we assess the suitability of these certificates as an instrument for climate change mitigation. From a soils' perspective, we address processes of SOC enrichment, their potentials and limits, and options for cost-effective measurement and monitoring. From a farmers' perspective, we assess management options likely to increase SOC, and discuss their synergies and trade-offs with economic, environmental and social targets. From a governance perspective, we address requirements to guarantee additionality and permanence while preventing leakage effects. Furthermore, we address questions of legitimacy and accountability. While increasing SOC is a cornerstone for more sustainable cropping systems, private carbon certificates fall short of expectations for climate change mitigation as permanence of SOC sequestration cannot be guaranteed. Governance challenges include lack of long-term monitoring, problems to ensure additionality, problems to safeguard against leakage effects, and lack of long-term accountability if stored SOC is re-emitted. We conclude that soil-based private carbon certificates are unlikely to deliver the emission offset attributed to them and that their benefit for climate change mitigation is uncertain. Additional research is needed to develop standards for SOC change metrics and monitoring, and to better understand the impact of short term, non-permanent carbon removals on peaks in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations and on the probability of exceeding climatic tipping points.}, language = {en} } @article{DonmezSchmidtCileketal.2023, author = {Donmez, Cenk and Schmidt, Marcus and Cilek, Ahmet and Grosse, Meike and Paul, Carsten and Hierold, Wilfried and Helming, Katharina}, title = {Climate change impacts on long-term field experiments in Germany}, series = {Agricultural Systems}, journal = {Agricultural Systems}, number = {205}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.agsy.2022.103578}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8150}, pages = {17}, year = {2023}, abstract = {CONTEXT Long-Term Field Experiments (LTEs) were implemented to study the long-term effects of different management practices, including tillage, fertilization and crop rotation under otherwise constant conditions. Climate change is expected to change these conditions, challenging interpretation of LTE data with regard to the distinction between climate change and management effects. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to quantify the expected, spatially differentiated changes of agroclimatic conditions for the German LTE sites as a precondition for modelling and LTE data interpretation. METHODS We developed a framework combining spatially distributed climate data and LTE metadata to identify the possible climatic changes at 247 LTE sites with experiments running for 20 years or more. The LTEs were classified using the following categories: fertilization, tillage, crop rotation, field crops or grassland, conventional or organic. We utilized climate variables (temperature, precipitation) and agroclimatic indicators (aridity, growing degree days, etc.) to compare a baseline (1971-2000) with future periods (2021-2100) under the IPCC's Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSP). A comprehensive LTE risk assessment was conducted, based on changes in climate variables and agroclimatic indicators between baseline and future scenarios. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Under the most extreme scenario (SSP585), 150 LTEs are expected to shift from humid and dry sub-humid to semi-arid conditions. Frost days in LTE areas are expected to decline by 81\%, and the growing season to lengthen by up to 92\%. The spatial differentiation of expected climate change also facilitates the identification of suitable sites for future agricultural practices and may inform the design of new LTEs. SIGNIFICANCE Our results may guide the interpretation of LTE data regarding the effect of climate change, facilitating future soil crop modelling studies with LTE data and providing information for planning new LTE sites to support future agricultural research and/or adapting management on existing LTE sites. The framework we developed can easily be transferred to LTE sites in agricultural regions worldwide to support LTE research on climate change impacts and adaptation.}, language = {en} } @article{KandelBavorovaUllahetal.2023, author = {Kandel, Giri Prasad and Bavorova, Miroslava and Ullah, Ayat and K{\"a}chele, Harald and Pradhan, Prajal}, title = {Building resilience to climate change: Examining the impact of agro-ecological zones and social groups on sustainable development}, series = {Sustainable Development}, volume = {31}, journal = {Sustainable Development}, number = {5}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {0968-0802}, doi = {10.1002/sd.2626}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8226}, pages = {3796 -- 3810}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Nepal is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change, which is negatively affecting agricultural production and food security. However, the role of agro-ecological zones and social groups in climate change adaptation (CCA) and its impact on smallholder farmers in Nepal remains unexplored. To fill this gap, this study aimed to identify the effect of agro-ecological zones and social groups on smallholder farmers' adaptation to climate change using the multivariate probit model. Multistage sampling was used to collect data from 400 households in three agro-ecological zones of Nepal. These zones were highland (mountainous region), midland (hilly region) and lowland (terai/plain region). The results of our study showed that farmers in the Mountain region are more likely to adopt off-farm activities and temporary migration as a CCA strategy than those in the Terai/plain agro-ecological zone. In the Terai/Plain, farmers mainly adopt small-scale irrigation and agroforestry. In terms of social groups, the Brahmin group was more likely to adopt new crop varieties and small-scale irrigation than the Sudra group. The Sudra farmers preferred temporary migration and off-farm activities more than the Brahmins. Our study shows that policies to promote the adoption of CCA strategies need to take into account location and social group differences in order to improve the adaptive capacity of the most vulnerable farmers. Mountain and Sudra farmers need support to adapt to climate change and sustain agriculture.}, language = {en} } @article{MadakiLehbergerBavorovaetal.2023, author = {Madaki, Mustapha Yakubu and Lehberger, Mira and Bavorova, Miroslava and Igbasan, Boluwatife Teniola and K{\"a}chele, Harald}, title = {Effectiveness of pesticide stakeholders' information on pesticide handling knowledge and behaviour of smallholder farmers in Ogun State, Nigeria}, series = {Environment, Development and Sustainability}, journal = {Environment, Development and Sustainability}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, doi = {10.1007/s10668-023-03332-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8213}, pages = {20}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Although pesticides ensure the quality and quantity of agricultural produce, they have adverse effects on farmers, their families, and consumers. Therefore, in order to reduce the unpleasant effects of pesticide use, stakeholders would be well advised to extend guidance and precautions to end users. The objective of this study was to determine the pesticide handling behaviour and the effectiveness of pesticide information on pesticide handling knowledge and personal protective equipment (PPE) use among farmers in southwest Nigeria. One hundred and fifty-six farmers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire in December 2019 and January 2020. The results revealed that a one-third of the farmers dispose their pesticide residues on the field, only 3\% of the farmers dispose the hazardous pesticide waste at a collection point, and 65\% of them dispose the empty containers indiscriminately. The majority of farmers never use respirators (79\%), hats (60\%), and boots (57\%) when applying pesticides. Knowledge of pesticide application and waste management is low (58\% of respondents scored less than 10 on a knowledge scale of 0-14). The result of the regression model shows that information from pesticide labels and farmer-to-farmer exchanges significantly increase farmers' knowledge of pesticide handling and PPE use. Our results suggest that the effectiveness of current information provision to smallholder farmers on the correct use of pesticides is not sufficient. Therefore, we highlight the need for pesticide companies, distributors, and government agencies to intensify and further develop their efforts to empower smallholder farmers to improve their knowledge and use of pesticides.}, language = {en} } @article{ZakirovaAlffSchmidt2023, author = {Zakirova, Aksana and Alff, Henryk and Schmidt, Matthias}, title = {Cash crop or food crop? socioeconomic and geopolitical factors affecting smallholder farmer crop selection in times of crisis in southwestern Tajikistan}, series = {Frontiers in Agronomy}, journal = {Frontiers in Agronomy}, number = {5}, publisher = {Frontiers}, issn = {2673-3218}, doi = {10.3389/fagro.2023.1228165}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7972}, pages = {14}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Tajikistan's agricultural sector, primarily dominated by cotton cultivation, has experienced significant changes since the Soviet era. Although farmers introduced food crops into agricultural production to ensure food security after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the government still mandates that cotton cultivation occupy a considerable portion of Tajikistan's limited irrigated land. However, following the recent Covid-19 pandemic crisis, farmers have encountered the need to reassess their agricultural practices, given constrained governmental assistance and a range of socioeconomic considerations. This research adopts resilience as a conceptual framework to examine the coping strategies of smallholder farmers in the Khatlon region of Tajikistan, with a specific emphasis on the period spanning from 2019 to 2022. At the outset, our research employed the snowballing technique to increase respondent participation, later transitioning to a representative sample size that facilitated the collection of qualitative data from around 100 semi-structured interviews, 10 focus groups, and personal visits to agricultural fields over the course of four years. The paper not only demonstrates the overall creativity of Tajikistani farmers in growing and selecting non-cotton crops in this most recent period of crisis, but also points to wealthier farmers' generally greater willingness to adopt technological innovations and gain new knowledge to apply to them. Although these strategies have been taken in order to address farmers' immediate needs in troubled times against the backdrop of the existing state cotton policy, their sustainability remains uncertain. While the qualitative focus of this study bears certain inherent limitations, the data collected nevertheless show that this period of crisis has been generative for many farmers as they seek out new methods of subsistence.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KellerReckliesRisiusetal.2023, author = {Keller, M and Recklies, R and Risius, H and R{\"o}pert, C and Menacho, Z and Kramer, Eckart}, title = {Rahmenkonzept f{\"u}r die Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der menschlichen Arbeitskraft bei der Ermittlung des Product Cabon Footprint (PCF) in landwirtschaftlichen Wertsch{\"o}pfungsketten}, series = {One Step Ahead - einen Schritt voraus! : Beitr{\"a}ge zur 16. Wissenschaftstagung {\"O}kologischer Landbau : Frick, 7. bis 10. M{\"a}rz 2023}, booktitle = {One Step Ahead - einen Schritt voraus! : Beitr{\"a}ge zur 16. Wissenschaftstagung {\"O}kologischer Landbau : Frick, 7. bis 10. M{\"a}rz 2023}, editor = {Bibic, Vanessa and Schmidtke, Knut}, publisher = {Verlag Dr. K{\"o}ster}, isbn = {978-3-96831-055-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7122}, pages = {686 -- 687}, year = {2023}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HaackSchaeferKriegeretal.2023, author = {Haack, Michaela and Sch{\"a}fer, M and Krieger, C and H{\"a}ring, Anna Maria}, title = {Bio und Regional in der Gemeinschaftsverpflegung - Herausforderungen und Ansatzpunkte am Beispiel der Einf{\"u}hrung von Bio-Weiderindfleisch}, series = {One Step Ahead - einen Schritt voraus! : Beitr{\"a}ge zur 16. Wissenschaftstagung {\"O}kologischer Landbau : Frick, 7. bis 10. M{\"a}rz 2023}, booktitle = {One Step Ahead - einen Schritt voraus! : Beitr{\"a}ge zur 16. Wissenschaftstagung {\"O}kologischer Landbau : Frick, 7. bis 10. M{\"a}rz 2023}, editor = {Bibic, Vanessa and Schmidtke, Knut}, publisher = {Verlag Dr. K{\"o}ster}, isbn = {978-3-96831-055-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7140}, pages = {694 -- 697}, year = {2023}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{DoerrLauterbachHaacketal.2023, author = {D{\"o}rr, J and Lauterbach, Josephine and Haack, Michaela and B{\"o}hm, U and H{\"a}ring, Anna Maria}, title = {Regionales Weiderindfleisch: Ansatzpunkte f{\"u}r den Aufbau von Wertsch{\"o}pfungsverb{\"u}nden}, series = {One Step Ahead - einen Schritt voraus! : Beitr{\"a}ge zur 16. Wissenschaftstagung {\"O}kologischer Landbau : Frick, 7. bis 10. M{\"a}rz 2023}, booktitle = {One Step Ahead - einen Schritt voraus! : Beitr{\"a}ge zur 16. Wissenschaftstagung {\"O}kologischer Landbau : Frick, 7. bis 10. M{\"a}rz 2023}, editor = {Bibic, Vanessa and Schmidtke, Knut}, publisher = {Verlag Dr. K{\"o}ster}, isbn = {978-3-96831-055-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7152}, pages = {698 -- 701}, year = {2023}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{RisiusRoepertReckliesetal.2023, author = {Risius, H and R{\"o}pert, C and Recklies, R and Herfurth, P and Kramer, Eckart}, title = {M{\"o}glichkeiten und Grenzen einer Foodshed-Analyse zur Absch{\"a}tzung des Selbstversorgungsgrads in der Region Berlin-Brandenburg}, series = {One Step Ahead - einen Schritt voraus! : Beitr{\"a}ge zur 16. Wissenschaftstagung {\"O}kologischer Landbau : Frick, 7. bis 10. M{\"a}rz 2023}, booktitle = {One Step Ahead - einen Schritt voraus! : Beitr{\"a}ge zur 16. Wissenschaftstagung {\"O}kologischer Landbau : Frick, 7. bis 10. M{\"a}rz 2023}, editor = {Bibic, Vanessa and Schmidtke, Knut}, publisher = {Verlag Dr. K{\"o}ster}, isbn = {978-3-96831-055-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7132}, pages = {688 -- 689}, year = {2023}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{BauerRoepertKelleretal.2023, author = {Bauer, C and R{\"o}pert, C and Keller, M and Risius, H and Kramer, Eckart}, title = {Analyse der Einkaufsentscheidungen von Kantinen in Brandenburg im Hinblick auf Regionalit{\"a}t}, series = {One Step Ahead - einen Schritt voraus! : Beitr{\"a}ge zur 16. Wissenschaftstagung {\"O}kologischer Landbau : Frick, 7. bis 10. M{\"a}rz 2023}, booktitle = {One Step Ahead - einen Schritt voraus! : Beitr{\"a}ge zur 16. Wissenschaftstagung {\"O}kologischer Landbau : Frick, 7. bis 10. M{\"a}rz 2023}, editor = {Bibic, Vanessa and Schmidtke, Knut}, publisher = {Verlag Dr. K{\"o}ster}, isbn = {978-3-96831-055-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7092}, pages = {664 -- 667}, year = {2023}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{VogtKauteVogtHoffmannBahnsenetal.2023, author = {Vogt-Kaute, W and Vogt, L and Hoffmann-Bahnsen, Roland and V{\"o}gel, R}, title = {Rispenhirse, eine trockenheitstolerante Kultur f{\"u}r Mensch und Tier}, series = {One Step Ahead - einen Schritt voraus! : Beitr{\"a}ge zur 16. Wissenschaftstagung {\"O}kologischer Landbau : Frick, 7. bis 10. M{\"a}rz 2023}, booktitle = {One Step Ahead - einen Schritt voraus! : Beitr{\"a}ge zur 16. Wissenschaftstagung {\"O}kologischer Landbau : Frick, 7. bis 10. M{\"a}rz 2023}, editor = {Bibic, Vanessa and Schmidtke, Knut}, publisher = {Verlag Dr. K{\"o}ster}, isbn = {978-3-96831-055-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7053}, pages = {498 -- 499}, year = {2023}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HoerningKaiserBoettcheretal.2023, author = {H{\"o}rning, Bernhard and Kaiser, Annemarie and B{\"o}ttcher, F and Trei, Gerriet}, title = {Leistungspr{\"u}fung auf Zweinutzung bei H{\"u}hnern}, series = {One Step Ahead - einen Schritt voraus! : Beitr{\"a}ge zur 16. Wissenschaftstagung {\"O}kologischer Landbau : Frick, 7. bis 10. M{\"a}rz 2023}, booktitle = {One Step Ahead - einen Schritt voraus! : Beitr{\"a}ge zur 16. Wissenschaftstagung {\"O}kologischer Landbau : Frick, 7. bis 10. M{\"a}rz 2023}, editor = {Bibic, Vanessa and Schmidtke, Knut}, publisher = {Verlag Dr. K{\"o}ster}, isbn = {978-3-96831-055-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7065}, pages = {598 -- 601}, year = {2023}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{vonMuenchhausenTrieschmannTreis2023, author = {von M{\"u}nchhausen, Susanne and Trieschmann, M and Treis, T}, title = {Eine Resilienzstrategie f{\"u}r die hessische Landwirtschaft}, series = {One Step Ahead - einen Schritt voraus! : Beitr{\"a}ge zur 16. Wissenschaftstagung {\"O}kologischer Landbau : Frick, 7. bis 10. M{\"a}rz 2023}, booktitle = {One Step Ahead - einen Schritt voraus! : Beitr{\"a}ge zur 16. Wissenschaftstagung {\"O}kologischer Landbau : Frick, 7. bis 10. M{\"a}rz 2023}, editor = {Bibic, Vanessa and Schmidtke, Knut}, publisher = {Verlag Dr. K{\"o}ster}, isbn = {978-3-96831-055-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7075}, pages = {616 -- 619}, year = {2023}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HofstaetterHaeringScholz2023, author = {Hofst{\"a}tter, J and H{\"a}ring, Anna Maria and Scholz, S}, title = {Bl{\"u}hstreifen f{\"u}r Brandenburg - Neue Richtlinie, neue Perspektiven}, series = {One Step Ahead - einen Schritt voraus! : Beitr{\"a}ge zur 16. Wissenschaftstagung {\"O}kologischer Landbau : Frick, 7. bis 10. M{\"a}rz 2023}, booktitle = {One Step Ahead - einen Schritt voraus! : Beitr{\"a}ge zur 16. Wissenschaftstagung {\"O}kologischer Landbau : Frick, 7. bis 10. M{\"a}rz 2023}, editor = {Bibic, Vanessa and Schmidtke, Knut}, publisher = {Verlag Dr. K{\"o}ster}, isbn = {978-3-96831-055-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7113}, pages = {682 -- 685}, year = {2023}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{LenzGolleeKuehnetal.2023, author = {Lenz, Claudia and Gollee, Paul and K{\"u}hn, Michael and Leich, Christian and Pfriem, Alexander}, title = {Artificial irradiation (indoors) of European wood species at different irradiation intensities and at different temperatures}, series = {Proceedings of the 19th Meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE) 10-12 October 2023}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 19th Meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE) 10-12 October 2023}, editor = {Larn{\o}y, Erik}, publisher = {Published with support from SNS - The Nordic Forest Research Cooperation Commitee}, address = {{\AA}s, Norway}, doi = {10.57741/opus4-765}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7654}, pages = {125 -- 127}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The background of the topic is to compare the colour changes at different irradiances and temperatures at constant relative humidity. The issue is important because evaluation in terms of irradiance has not been studied in more detail. Irradiation intensities were reported in many studies but tended to have metadata status. The concrete influence of the irradiance on chemical and colour changes in the wood remains open. This paper presents an approach to inquiry-based teaching within a basic research project. Initial results from a large-scale data series are presented here. Irradiance is the term for the total power of incoming electromagnetic energy striking a surface, related to the size of the area, measured in watts per square metre [W/m²].}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BirkmannSteinherrLutzeretal.2023, author = {Birkmann, Amanda and Steinherr, Leonie and Lutzer, H-H and Bloch, Ralf}, title = {Erprobung autonomer Feldrobotik zur Beikrautregulierung f{\"u}r den Bio-Zuckerr{\"u}benanbau in der Uckermark - Ergebnisse aus dem Projekt zUCKERr{\"u}be -}, series = {One Step Ahead - einen Schritt voraus! : Beitr{\"a}ge zur 16. Wissenschaftstagung {\"O}kologischer Landbau : Frick, 7. bis 10. M{\"a}rz 2023}, booktitle = {One Step Ahead - einen Schritt voraus! : Beitr{\"a}ge zur 16. Wissenschaftstagung {\"O}kologischer Landbau : Frick, 7. bis 10. M{\"a}rz 2023}, editor = {Bibic, Vanessa and Schmidtke, Knut}, publisher = {Verlag Dr. K{\"o}ster}, isbn = {978-3-96831-055-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7025}, pages = {411 -- 412}, year = {2023}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{SchoenMoellerBruckneretal.2023, author = {Sch{\"o}n, I and M{\"o}ller, D and Bruckner, August and Blumenstein, B}, title = {Optimierungspotentiale der {\"o}konomischen Stickstoff-Effizienz: Segmentierung ausgew{\"a}hlter {\"O}kolandbau-Betriebe mittels Clusteranalyse}, series = {One Step Ahead - einen Schritt voraus! : Beitr{\"a}ge zur 16. Wissenschaftstagung {\"O}kologischer Landbau : Frick, 7. bis 10. M{\"a}rz 2023}, booktitle = {One Step Ahead - einen Schritt voraus! : Beitr{\"a}ge zur 16. Wissenschaftstagung {\"O}kologischer Landbau : Frick, 7. bis 10. M{\"a}rz 2023}, editor = {Bibic, Vanessa and Schmidtke, Knut}, publisher = {Verlag Dr. K{\"o}ster}, isbn = {978-3-96831-055-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6992}, pages = {90 -- 93}, year = {2023}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{SchwabDuemigKramer2023, author = {Schwab, Selma and D{\"u}mig, Alexander and Kramer, Eckart}, title = {Analyse und Optimierung des Verfahrens Tropfbew{\"a}sserung im {\"o}kologischen Feldgem{\"u}sebau - mit Schwerpunkt auf Arbeitswirtschaft und Wassereffizienz}, series = {One Step Ahead - einen Schritt voraus! : Beitr{\"a}ge zur 16. Wissenschaftstagung {\"O}kologischer Landbau : Frick, 7. bis 10. M{\"a}rz 2023}, booktitle = {One Step Ahead - einen Schritt voraus! : Beitr{\"a}ge zur 16. Wissenschaftstagung {\"O}kologischer Landbau : Frick, 7. bis 10. M{\"a}rz 2023}, editor = {Bibic, Vanessa and Schmidtke, Knut}, publisher = {Verlag Dr. K{\"o}ster}, isbn = {978-3-96831-055-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7003}, pages = {206 -- 209}, year = {2023}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{StegmannSchulzBruckneretal.2023, author = {Stegmann, W and Schulz, H and Bruckner, August and Droscha, A}, title = {Auswirkungen von Kleegrasmulch auf die Stickstoffdynamik und den Ertrag von Kartoffeln}, series = {One Step Ahead - einen Schritt voraus! : Beitr{\"a}ge zur 16. Wissenschaftstagung {\"O}kologischer Landbau : Frick, 7. bis 10. M{\"a}rz 2023}, booktitle = {One Step Ahead - einen Schritt voraus! : Beitr{\"a}ge zur 16. Wissenschaftstagung {\"O}kologischer Landbau : Frick, 7. bis 10. M{\"a}rz 2023}, editor = {Bibic, Vanessa and Schmidtke, Knut}, publisher = {Verlag Dr. K{\"o}ster}, isbn = {978-3-96831-055-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6984}, pages = {46 -- 47}, year = {2023}, language = {de} }