@article{GanHalikShietal.2023, author = {Gan, Lu and Halik, {\"U}m{\"u}t and Shi, Lei and Welp, Martin}, title = {Multi-scenario dynamic prediction of ecological risk assessment in an arid area of northwest China}, series = {Ecological Indicators}, volume = {154}, journal = {Ecological Indicators}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110727}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8274}, pages = {12}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Ecological security is essential for the development of environmental health and human society. However, the driving mechanisms and spatial non-stationarity of ecological risks are still unknown, particularly in arid areas. Thus, this study constructed an ecological risk index (ERI) research framework in arid areas based on land use and socio-economic data from 1980 to 2020 to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution trend, driving mechanisms, and spatial non-stationarity of ecological risk and predict the ecological risk under business-as-usual, economic development, and ecological protection scenarios using a patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model. The results show that: (1) cropland and build-up land were expanding, whereas forestland and grassland water bodies were shrinking. Compared with the two development stages from 1980 to 2000 and from 2000 to 2020, cropland increased by 4.73\% and 51.52\%, respectively, whereas build-up land increased by 12.64\% and 106.52\%, respectively, indicating rapid development and drastic changes in the past 20 years. (2) With the change in landscape diversity, the regional ecological risks showed an increasing trend, whereas the future ecological risks showed an increasing trend because of the cumulative effect of landscape pattern changes caused by human activities. (3) Moreover, dramatic changes in ecological risk, particularly in areas of intense human activity in build-up land, agricultural land, artificial oases, and mountainous areas. Corresponding to the analysis of driving mechanisms, population, GDP, distance to government, water, and primary roads; have a significant effect on ecological risk, whereas DEM has direct and indirect effect paths. Ultimately, the proposed analysis framework can present the spatiotemporal changes of ecological risks and their influencing mechanisms, which can help develop sustainable development policies.}, language = {en} } @article{GillichMichlerStolteretal.2023, author = {Gillich, Benjamin and Michler, Frank-Uwe and Stolter, Caroline and Lorenz, Antje and Metze, Katrin and Tischew, Sabine and Rieger, Siegfried}, title = {Space-time interactions between free-ranging red deer (Cervus elaphus) and grazing livestock on a fenced pasture}, series = {European Journal of Wildlife Research}, volume = {69}, journal = {European Journal of Wildlife Research}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, doi = {10.1007/s10344-023-01692-0}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6467}, pages = {9}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Livestock farming, which produces milk and meat, is practised by nearly all cultures. But in addition to this, grazing livestock fulfils other fundamentally important roles, one of which is the maintenance of open landscapes, which in turn provides habitat for many rare plant and animal species. Whether wild large herbivores, such as red deer (Cervus elaphus), benefit from the management of the open landscapes is unknown, and there are conflicting views on the nature of the interaction between livestock and wildlife. To investigate this question, we studied interactions in space and time between red deer and livestock in an 787 ha fenced pasture in eastern Germany. First, we used faecal pellet counts to determine whether red deer were using the fenced pasture and whether livestock were using the entire available pasture. Second, we fitted ten red deer, as well as eight Konik horses (Equus ferus caballus) and eight Heck cattle (Bos taurus) with GPS-collars. These data allowed us to perform analyses of space-time interactions. The faecal pellet data showed that red deer did indeed use the fenced pasture and that livestock used the entire extent of the pasture. Further, we verified a neutral space-time interaction between red deer and livestock within the pasture. Thus, there was no indication of a negative effect of the presence of livestock on red deer inside the pasture. For these reasons, we recommend that low-intensity grazing by cattle and horses can maintain open landscapes without detrimental effects on the use of the area by red deer.}, language = {en} } @misc{TietzeGerholdIbisch2023, author = {Tietze, Nikola and Gerhold, Lars and Ibisch, Pierre L.}, title = {Policy narratives in forest fire management}, series = {Environmental Research Letters}, volume = {18}, journal = {Environmental Research Letters}, publisher = {IOP Publishing Ltd}, issn = {1748-9326}, doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/acf6d2}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8193}, pages = {32}, year = {2023}, abstract = {As the risk of forest fires increases around the globe, the issues of how to control, suppress, and prevent them are the subjects of growing public and political attention. This study focuses on the political debate in Germany regarding forest fires and provides insights into the conceptualization of forest fires and forest fire management at the federal and state policymaking levels. By examining forest fire narratives through the policy lens, this case study takes an exemplary extreme weather event exacerbated by climate change as an opportunity to examine the policy response to this problem. In this way, we examine the role of policy narratives in civil and environmental protection and disaster management. The findings reveal that all politicians examined in this study agree that forest fire management is an urgent matter that needs to be supported. In the prevailing human-centered narrative, policymakers see active forest management and use as tools to improve forest resilience to fire and other calamities. Those who advocate a nature-based narrative assert that it is natural processes in protected forest areas that most effectively enhance resilience. The policy solutions derived from these views include financial support, recognition of the work of foresters, forest fire managers, and civil protection agencies as well as, depending on the type of narrative argument favored, either increased forest management or improved protection of forest ecologies. This suggests that narrative analysis may illuminate the rationales underlying previous policy decisions and the framework for future ones. This contribution throws light on how narratives shape policymaking and, by extension, disaster management. Future studies should therefore take into account the influence of prevailing narratives when it comes to evaluating the potential that policymaking can offer for disaster management in the future.}, language = {en} } @article{PaulBartkowskiDoenmezetal.2023, author = {Paul, Carsten and Bartkowski, Bartosz and D{\"o}nmez, Cenk and Don, Axel and Mayer, Stefanie and Steffens, Markus and Weigl, Sebastian and Wiesmeier, Martin and Wolf, Andr{\´e} and Helming, Katharina}, title = {Carbon farming: Are soil carbon certificates a suitable tool for climate change mitigation?}, series = {Journal of Environmental Management}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Management}, number = {330}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {0301-4797}, doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117142}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8140}, pages = {11}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in agricultural soils removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and contributes towards achieving carbon neutrality. For farmers, higher SOC levels have multiple benefits, including increased soil fertility and resilience against drought-related yield losses. However, increasing SOC levels requires agricultural management changes that are associated with costs. Private soil carbon certificates could compensate for these costs. In these schemes, farmers register their fields with commercial certificate providers who certify SOC increases. Certificates are then sold as voluntary emission offsets on the carbon market. In this paper, we assess the suitability of these certificates as an instrument for climate change mitigation. From a soils' perspective, we address processes of SOC enrichment, their potentials and limits, and options for cost-effective measurement and monitoring. From a farmers' perspective, we assess management options likely to increase SOC, and discuss their synergies and trade-offs with economic, environmental and social targets. From a governance perspective, we address requirements to guarantee additionality and permanence while preventing leakage effects. Furthermore, we address questions of legitimacy and accountability. While increasing SOC is a cornerstone for more sustainable cropping systems, private carbon certificates fall short of expectations for climate change mitigation as permanence of SOC sequestration cannot be guaranteed. Governance challenges include lack of long-term monitoring, problems to ensure additionality, problems to safeguard against leakage effects, and lack of long-term accountability if stored SOC is re-emitted. We conclude that soil-based private carbon certificates are unlikely to deliver the emission offset attributed to them and that their benefit for climate change mitigation is uncertain. Additional research is needed to develop standards for SOC change metrics and monitoring, and to better understand the impact of short term, non-permanent carbon removals on peaks in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations and on the probability of exceeding climatic tipping points.}, language = {en} } @article{DonmezSchmidtCileketal.2023, author = {Donmez, Cenk and Schmidt, Marcus and Cilek, Ahmet and Grosse, Meike and Paul, Carsten and Hierold, Wilfried and Helming, Katharina}, title = {Climate change impacts on long-term field experiments in Germany}, series = {Agricultural Systems}, journal = {Agricultural Systems}, number = {205}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.agsy.2022.103578}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8150}, pages = {17}, year = {2023}, abstract = {CONTEXT Long-Term Field Experiments (LTEs) were implemented to study the long-term effects of different management practices, including tillage, fertilization and crop rotation under otherwise constant conditions. Climate change is expected to change these conditions, challenging interpretation of LTE data with regard to the distinction between climate change and management effects. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to quantify the expected, spatially differentiated changes of agroclimatic conditions for the German LTE sites as a precondition for modelling and LTE data interpretation. METHODS We developed a framework combining spatially distributed climate data and LTE metadata to identify the possible climatic changes at 247 LTE sites with experiments running for 20 years or more. The LTEs were classified using the following categories: fertilization, tillage, crop rotation, field crops or grassland, conventional or organic. We utilized climate variables (temperature, precipitation) and agroclimatic indicators (aridity, growing degree days, etc.) to compare a baseline (1971-2000) with future periods (2021-2100) under the IPCC's Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSP). A comprehensive LTE risk assessment was conducted, based on changes in climate variables and agroclimatic indicators between baseline and future scenarios. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Under the most extreme scenario (SSP585), 150 LTEs are expected to shift from humid and dry sub-humid to semi-arid conditions. Frost days in LTE areas are expected to decline by 81\%, and the growing season to lengthen by up to 92\%. The spatial differentiation of expected climate change also facilitates the identification of suitable sites for future agricultural practices and may inform the design of new LTEs. SIGNIFICANCE Our results may guide the interpretation of LTE data regarding the effect of climate change, facilitating future soil crop modelling studies with LTE data and providing information for planning new LTE sites to support future agricultural research and/or adapting management on existing LTE sites. The framework we developed can easily be transferred to LTE sites in agricultural regions worldwide to support LTE research on climate change impacts and adaptation.}, language = {en} } @article{KandelBavorovaUllahetal.2023, author = {Kandel, Giri Prasad and Bavorova, Miroslava and Ullah, Ayat and K{\"a}chele, Harald and Pradhan, Prajal}, title = {Building resilience to climate change: Examining the impact of agro-ecological zones and social groups on sustainable development}, series = {Sustainable Development}, volume = {31}, journal = {Sustainable Development}, number = {5}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {0968-0802}, doi = {10.1002/sd.2626}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8226}, pages = {3796 -- 3810}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Nepal is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change, which is negatively affecting agricultural production and food security. However, the role of agro-ecological zones and social groups in climate change adaptation (CCA) and its impact on smallholder farmers in Nepal remains unexplored. To fill this gap, this study aimed to identify the effect of agro-ecological zones and social groups on smallholder farmers' adaptation to climate change using the multivariate probit model. Multistage sampling was used to collect data from 400 households in three agro-ecological zones of Nepal. These zones were highland (mountainous region), midland (hilly region) and lowland (terai/plain region). The results of our study showed that farmers in the Mountain region are more likely to adopt off-farm activities and temporary migration as a CCA strategy than those in the Terai/plain agro-ecological zone. In the Terai/Plain, farmers mainly adopt small-scale irrigation and agroforestry. In terms of social groups, the Brahmin group was more likely to adopt new crop varieties and small-scale irrigation than the Sudra group. The Sudra farmers preferred temporary migration and off-farm activities more than the Brahmins. Our study shows that policies to promote the adoption of CCA strategies need to take into account location and social group differences in order to improve the adaptive capacity of the most vulnerable farmers. Mountain and Sudra farmers need support to adapt to climate change and sustain agriculture.}, language = {en} } @article{MadakiLehbergerBavorovaetal.2023, author = {Madaki, Mustapha Yakubu and Lehberger, Mira and Bavorova, Miroslava and Igbasan, Boluwatife Teniola and K{\"a}chele, Harald}, title = {Effectiveness of pesticide stakeholders' information on pesticide handling knowledge and behaviour of smallholder farmers in Ogun State, Nigeria}, series = {Environment, Development and Sustainability}, journal = {Environment, Development and Sustainability}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, doi = {10.1007/s10668-023-03332-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8213}, pages = {20}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Although pesticides ensure the quality and quantity of agricultural produce, they have adverse effects on farmers, their families, and consumers. Therefore, in order to reduce the unpleasant effects of pesticide use, stakeholders would be well advised to extend guidance and precautions to end users. The objective of this study was to determine the pesticide handling behaviour and the effectiveness of pesticide information on pesticide handling knowledge and personal protective equipment (PPE) use among farmers in southwest Nigeria. One hundred and fifty-six farmers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire in December 2019 and January 2020. The results revealed that a one-third of the farmers dispose their pesticide residues on the field, only 3\% of the farmers dispose the hazardous pesticide waste at a collection point, and 65\% of them dispose the empty containers indiscriminately. The majority of farmers never use respirators (79\%), hats (60\%), and boots (57\%) when applying pesticides. Knowledge of pesticide application and waste management is low (58\% of respondents scored less than 10 on a knowledge scale of 0-14). The result of the regression model shows that information from pesticide labels and farmer-to-farmer exchanges significantly increase farmers' knowledge of pesticide handling and PPE use. Our results suggest that the effectiveness of current information provision to smallholder farmers on the correct use of pesticides is not sufficient. Therefore, we highlight the need for pesticide companies, distributors, and government agencies to intensify and further develop their efforts to empower smallholder farmers to improve their knowledge and use of pesticides.}, language = {en} } @article{ZakirovaAlffSchmidt2023, author = {Zakirova, Aksana and Alff, Henryk and Schmidt, Matthias}, title = {Cash crop or food crop? socioeconomic and geopolitical factors affecting smallholder farmer crop selection in times of crisis in southwestern Tajikistan}, series = {Frontiers in Agronomy}, journal = {Frontiers in Agronomy}, number = {5}, publisher = {Frontiers}, issn = {2673-3218}, doi = {10.3389/fagro.2023.1228165}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7972}, pages = {14}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Tajikistan's agricultural sector, primarily dominated by cotton cultivation, has experienced significant changes since the Soviet era. Although farmers introduced food crops into agricultural production to ensure food security after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the government still mandates that cotton cultivation occupy a considerable portion of Tajikistan's limited irrigated land. However, following the recent Covid-19 pandemic crisis, farmers have encountered the need to reassess their agricultural practices, given constrained governmental assistance and a range of socioeconomic considerations. This research adopts resilience as a conceptual framework to examine the coping strategies of smallholder farmers in the Khatlon region of Tajikistan, with a specific emphasis on the period spanning from 2019 to 2022. At the outset, our research employed the snowballing technique to increase respondent participation, later transitioning to a representative sample size that facilitated the collection of qualitative data from around 100 semi-structured interviews, 10 focus groups, and personal visits to agricultural fields over the course of four years. The paper not only demonstrates the overall creativity of Tajikistani farmers in growing and selecting non-cotton crops in this most recent period of crisis, but also points to wealthier farmers' generally greater willingness to adopt technological innovations and gain new knowledge to apply to them. Although these strategies have been taken in order to address farmers' immediate needs in troubled times against the backdrop of the existing state cotton policy, their sustainability remains uncertain. While the qualitative focus of this study bears certain inherent limitations, the data collected nevertheless show that this period of crisis has been generative for many farmers as they seek out new methods of subsistence.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LenzGolleeKuehnetal.2023, author = {Lenz, Claudia and Gollee, Paul and K{\"u}hn, Michael and Leich, Christian and Pfriem, Alexander}, title = {Artificial irradiation (indoors) of European wood species at different irradiation intensities and at different temperatures}, series = {Proceedings of the 19th Meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE) 10-12 October 2023}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 19th Meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE) 10-12 October 2023}, editor = {Larn{\o}y, Erik}, publisher = {Published with support from SNS - The Nordic Forest Research Cooperation Commitee}, address = {{\AA}s, Norway}, doi = {10.57741/opus4-765}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7654}, pages = {125 -- 127}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The background of the topic is to compare the colour changes at different irradiances and temperatures at constant relative humidity. The issue is important because evaluation in terms of irradiance has not been studied in more detail. Irradiation intensities were reported in many studies but tended to have metadata status. The concrete influence of the irradiance on chemical and colour changes in the wood remains open. This paper presents an approach to inquiry-based teaching within a basic research project. Initial results from a large-scale data series are presented here. Irradiance is the term for the total power of incoming electromagnetic energy striking a surface, related to the size of the area, measured in watts per square metre [W/m²].}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LautnerLenzHammeletal.2017, author = {Lautner, Silke and Lenz, Claudia and Hammel, J{\"o}rg and Moosmann, Julian and K{\"u}hn, Michael and Caselle, Michele and Vogelgesang, Matthias and Kopmann, Andreas and Beckmann, Felix}, title = {Using SRμCT to define water transport capacity in Picea abies. SPIE Optics+Photonics}, doi = {10.57741/opus4-763}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7636}, pages = {1}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LenzLautner2019, author = {Lenz, Claudia and Lautner, Silke}, title = {Trockenheitsgef{\"a}hrdung und Anpassung unterschiedlicher Fichtenpopulationen (Fichte-Trockenheit)}, doi = {10.57741/opus4-764}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7641}, pages = {1}, year = {2019}, language = {de} } @article{delRioPretzschRuizPeinadoetal.2022, author = {del R{\´i}o, Miren and Pretzsch, Hans and Ruiz-Peinado, Ricardo and Jactel, Herv{\´e} and Coll, Llu{\´i}s and L{\"o}f, Magnus and Aldea, Jorge and Ammer, Christian and Avdagić, Admir and Barbeito, Ignacio and Bielak, Kamil and Bravo, Felipe and Brazaitis, Gediminas and Cern{\´y}, Jakub and Collet, Catherine and Cond{\´e}s, Sonia and Dr{\"o}ssler, Lars and Fabrika, Marek and Heym, Michael and Holm, Stig-Olof and Hylen, Gro and Jansons, Aris and Kurylyak, Viktor and Lombardi, Fabio and Matović, Bratislav and Metslaid, Marek and Motta, Renzo and Nord-Larsen, Thomas and Nothdurft, Arne and den Ouden, Jan and Pach, Maciej and Pardos, Marta and Poeydebat, Charlotte and Ponette, Quentin and P{\´e}rot, Tomas and Reventlow, Ditlev Otto Juel and Sitko, Roman and Sramek, Vit and Steckel, Mathias and Svoboda, Miroslav and Verheyen, Kris and Vospernik, Sonja and Wolff, Barbara and Zlatanov, Tzvetan and Bravo-Oviedo, Andr{\´e}s}, title = {Emerging stability of forest productivity by mixing two species buffers temperature destabilizing effect}, series = {Journal of Applied Ecology}, volume = {59}, journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology}, number = {11}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {1365-2664}, doi = {10.1111/1365-2664.14267}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5778}, pages = {2730 -- 2741}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchmidtSchmidtSchweigeretal.2018, author = {Schmidt, Henriette and Schmidt, Markus and Schweiger, Julienne M.-I. and Lenz, Claudia and Hartmann, Holger and Pflugmacher, Candy and G{\"o}tz, Bernhard and Gebauer, Gerhard and Schill, Harald}, title = {Climate sensitivity of rare native tree species in NE-Germany - A dendroecological and ecophysiological approach}, doi = {10.57741/opus4-761}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7610}, pages = {1}, year = {2018}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SanneKampeLenzetal.2017, author = {Sanne, Moritz and Kampe, Anja and Lenz, Claudia and Gossel, Stefan and Wagner, Sabine and Haibel, Astrid and Melcher, Eckhard and Leu, Carsten and Pfriem, Alexander and Lautner, Silke}, title = {Anatomical studies of wood treated with pressure pulse shock waves}, series = {Proceedings of the 13th annual meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE2017)}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 13th annual meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE2017)}, editor = {Engelund Thybring, Emil}, doi = {10.57741/opus4-684}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6841}, pages = {1}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Similar to a normal wave, a shock wave travels as energy through matter but it causes an abrupt raise of pressure, temperature and density. In this study the influence of shock waves on wood structure were investigated in the light of possible future industrial utilization e.g. timber impregnating treatment.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{FrankeLenzHertrichetal.2016, author = {Franke, Tom and Lenz, Claudia and Hertrich, Sven and Kehr, Martin and Kuhnert, Niklas and Munier, Leo Felix and Schultz, Marcus and Stepputat, S{\"o}ren and Herold, Nadine and Pfriem, Alexander}, title = {K{\"u}nstliche Bewitterung von Buchenfurnier (Fagus sylvatica) impr{\"a}gniert mit drei Phenolharzen unterschiedlichen Molekulargewichts}, doi = {10.57741/opus4-760}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7609}, pages = {1}, year = {2016}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{SchweigerSchmidtAasetal.2019, author = {Schweiger, Julienne and Schmidt, Henriette and Aas, Gregor and Gebauer, Gerhard and G{\"o}tz, Bernhard and Hartmann, Holger and Lenz, Claudia and Pflugmacher, Candy and Schmidt, Markus and Schill, Harald}, title = {Carbon isotopes elucidate drought stress in rare native tree species in NE-Germany}, doi = {10.57741/opus4-762}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7627}, pages = {1}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LenzLautnerMelcheretal.2014, author = {Lenz, Claudia and Lautner, Silke and Melcher, Eckhard and M{\"o}ller, Ralf}, title = {Microscopic investigations concerning in situ copper oxalate formation}, series = {Proceedings of the 10th annual meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE 2014)}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th annual meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE 2014)}, editor = {Wilson, P.}, doi = {10.57741/opus4-759}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7597}, pages = {231 -- 231}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @article{GoesslingBalasMayeretal.2023, author = {G{\"o}ssling, Stefan and Balas, Martin and Mayer, Marius and Sun, Ya-Yen}, title = {A review of tourism and climate change mitigation: The scales, scopes, stakeholders and strategies of carbon management}, series = {Tourism Management}, volume = {95}, journal = {Tourism Management}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {1879-3193}, doi = {10.1016/j.tourman.2022.104681}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6510}, pages = {18}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Tourism needs to reduce emissions in line with other economic sectors, if the international community's objective of staying global warming at 1.5°-2.0 °C is to be achieved. This will require the industry to half emissions to 2030, and to reach net-zero by mid-century. Mitigation requires consideration of four dimensions, the Scales, Scopes, Stakeholders and Strategies of carbon management. The paper provides a systematic review of these dimensions and their interrelationships, with a focus on emission inventory comprehensiveness; allocation principles at different scales; clearly defined responsibilities for decarbonization; and the identification of significant mitigation strategies. The paper concludes that without mitigation efforts, tourism will deplete 40\% of the world's remaining carbon budget to 1.5 °C. Yet, the most powerful decarbonization measures face major corporate, political and technical barriers. Without worldwide policy efforts at the national scale to manage the sector's emissions, tourism will turn into one of the major drivers of climate change.}, language = {en} } @article{BlumroederSchmidtGordonetal.2022, author = {Blumr{\"o}der, Jeanette Silvin and Schmidt, Frederic and Gordon, Anat and Grosse, Stefanie and Ibisch, Pierre L.}, title = {Ecosystemic resilience of a temperate post-fire forest under extreme weather conditions}, series = {Frontiers in Forests and Global Change}, volume = {5}, journal = {Frontiers in Forests and Global Change}, number = {5}, publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.}, issn = {2624-893X}, doi = {10.3389/ffgc.2022.1070958}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3825}, pages = {1 -- 16}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Introduction The effects of climate change are exacerbating the fire risk in forests worldwide. Conifer plantations in particular are especially vulnerable to fire outbreaks. At the end of the extraordinarily hot and dry summer of 2018, a forest pine plantation burned in Brandenburg, NE Germany. Different forestry interventions were carried out after the fire, while one area of the damaged plantation remained untouched. Methods We investigated the resilience of the forest ecosystem and the effectiveness of different active and passive forest restoration measures during the subsequent relatively warm and dry years 2019-2021. Results One year after the fire, Populus tremula showed strong spontaneous colonization at all sites. In contrast, the majority of planted Pinus sylvestris plantlets died on the plots that had been salvage-logged after the fire. Three years after the fire, Populus tremula successfully established itself as the dominant tree species on all plots, with the highest abundance on the plot where the overstorey of the dead pines was left. Betula pendula, Salix caprea, and Pinus sylvestris showed lower abundance, with their proportion increasing with decreasing cover by dead trees. The distribution of regrowing trees is very heterogeneous across the different treatments and plots. In the clear-cut plots, the extreme microclimatic conditions expose the young trees to additional heat and drought, while the retention of deadwood measurably buffers the temperature and water stress. Discussion The resilience and adaptability of naturally regenerating forests that develop into ecosystems that are more diverse seem more promising than restoration through intervention. Apart from hampering restoration under extreme weather conditions, post-fire salvage logging contributes to soil degradation and loss of organic carbon.}, language = {en} } @article{MannGohrBlumroederetal.2023, author = {Mann, Deepika and Gohr, Charlotte and Blumr{\"o}der, Jeanette Silvin and Ibisch, Pierre L.}, title = {Does fragmentation contribute to the forest crisis in Germany?}, series = {Frontiers in Forests and Global Change}, volume = {6}, journal = {Frontiers in Forests and Global Change}, publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.}, issn = {2624-893X}, doi = {10.3389/ffgc.2023.1099460}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3909}, pages = {12}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Intact forests contribute to the ecosystem functionality of landscapes by storing and sequestering carbon, buffering and cooling the microclimate, and providing a range of related ecosystem functions. Forest fragmentation not only poses a threat to many organisms but also reduces the resistance and resilience of the ecosystem, which is especially relevant to the ongoing climate crisis. The effects of recent extreme heat years on forests in Germany have not been studied in detail for the influence of fragmentation. We investigate the relation of forest fragmentation with temperature and vitality in Germany per ecoregion at the canopy level using satellite imagery at 1-km and 30-m resolution. We compiled and correlated forest maps for connectivity based on Thiessen polygons, canopy temperatures on the hottest days based on land surface temperature, and forest vitality based on the maximum normalized difference vegetation index per growing season. We differentiated between ecoregions and main forest types. In 2022, larger intact tree-covered areas that are less fragmented have relatively low temperatures on hot days and higher overall vitality. Nearly 98\% of the almost 1.95 million forest fragments at 30-m resolution in Germany are smaller than 1 km2, which cover nearly 30\% of the total forest area. To counteract the forest crisis, forest and landscape management should aim to reduce fragmentation and maintain tree biomass and forest cover in the landscape. Increasing the size of continuous forest fragments contributes to ecosystem-based adaptation to climate change.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BasavegowdaMosebachSchleipetal.2022, author = {Basavegowda, Deepak Hanike and Mosebach, Paul and Schleip, Inga and Weltzien, Cornelia}, title = {Indicator plant species detection in grassland using EfficientDet object detector}, series = {42. GIL-Jahrestagung, K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz in der Agrar- und Ern{\"a}hrungswirtschaft}, booktitle = {42. GIL-Jahrestagung, K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz in der Agrar- und Ern{\"a}hrungswirtschaft}, publisher = {Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik e.V.}, address = {Bonn}, isbn = {978-3-88579-711-1}, issn = {1617-5468}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6656}, pages = {57 -- 62}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Extensively used grasslands (meadows and pastures) are ecologically valuable areas in the agricultural landscape and part of the multifunctional agriculture. In Germany, the quality of these grasslands is assessed based on the occurrence of certain plant species known as indicator or character species, with indicators being defined at regional level. Therefore, the recognition of these indicators on a spatial level is a prerequisite for monitoring grassland biodiversity. The identification of indicator species for the status quo of grassland using traditional methods was found to be challenging and tedious. Deep learning-algorithms applied to high-resolution UAV imagery could be the key solution, where UAV with remote sensors can map a large area of grassland in comparison to manual or ground mapping methods and deep learning-algorithms can automate the detection process. In this research work, we use an EfficientDet based algorithm to train an object detection model capable of recognizing indicators on RGB data. The experimental results show that this approach is very promising in contrast to the difficult and time-consuming manual recognition methods. The model was trained with the momentum-SGD optimizer with a momentum value of 0.9 and a learning rate of 0.0001. The model was trained and tested on 1200 images and achieves 45.7 AP (and 85.7 AP50) on test data set. The dataset includes images of four distinct indicator plant species: Armeria maritima, Campanula patula, Cirsium oleraceum, and Daucus carota}, language = {en} } @misc{WelleIbischBlumroederetal.2021, author = {Welle, Torsten and Ibisch, Pierre L. and Blumr{\"o}der, Jeanette Silvin and Bohr, Yvonne E.-M. B. and Leinen, Loretta and Wohlleben, Tobias and Sturm, Knut}, title = {Incorrect data sustain the claim of forest-based bioenergy being more effective in climate change mitigation than forest conservation}, series = {GCB Bioenergy}, volume = {13}, journal = {GCB Bioenergy}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {1757-1707}, doi = {10.1111/gcbb.12738}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6092}, pages = {286 -- 287}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @misc{WelleIbischBlumroederetal.2021, author = {Welle, Tobias and Ibisch, Pierre L. and Blumr{\"o}der, Jeanette Silvin and Bohr, Yvonne E.-M. B. and Leinen, Loretta and Wohlleben, Tobias and Sturm, Knut}, title = {Accurate use of forest inventories shows that unmanaged forests have a higher climate protection effect than managed forests: A response to the letter by Bolte et al.}, series = {GCB Bioenergy}, volume = {13}, journal = {GCB Bioenergy}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {1757-1707}, doi = {10.1111/gcbb.12796}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6079}, pages = {367 -- 368}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @techreport{Hoerning2023, author = {H{\"o}rning, Bernhard}, title = {Zur Umsetzung des K{\"u}kent{\"o}tungsverbots in Deutschland}, series = {Berichte {\"u}ber Landwirtschaft - Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Agrarpolitik und Landwirtschaft}, volume = {101}, journal = {Berichte {\"u}ber Landwirtschaft - Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Agrarpolitik und Landwirtschaft}, number = {3}, editor = {Bundesministerium f{\"u}r Ern{\"a}hrung und Landwirtschaft (BMEL),}, issn = {2196-5099}, doi = {10.12767/buel.v101i3.495}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8178}, pages = {61}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Seit Anfang 2022 ist das T{\"o}ten der m{\"a}nnlichen Eintagsk{\"u}ken der Legelinien in Deutschland verboten. Im Beitrag wird eine {\"U}bersicht {\"u}ber etwaige Auswirkungen des Verbots auf die verschiedenen Akteure der Wertsch{\"o}pfungskette gegeben. Ferner wird der aktuelle Stand bei den Alternativen zum K{\"u}kent{\"o}ten beleuchtet. Große international t{\"a}tige Zuchtunternehmen wie Lohmann haben in ihren Br{\"u}tereien Anlagen zur Geschlechtsbestimmung im Ei installiert (seit 2022 auch in Deutschland). Ferner bieten sie ihren Kunden alternativ die Bruderhahnaufzucht oder auch Zweinutzungsherk{\"u}nfte an. Die Zahl der Br{\"u}tereien mit Legek{\"u}ken (zum Gebrauch) hat von 2021 auf 2022 abgenommen (von 22 auf 14). Da die Gesamtzahl aller Br{\"u}tereien aber nur von 54 auf 51 zur{\"u}ckging, haben offensichtlich einige auf andere Gefl{\"u}gelarten umgestellt. Die Zahl der geschl{\"u}pften Legek{\"u}ken nahm stark ab (2020 40,5 Mio., 2022 16,2 Mio., 1. Halbjahr 2023 9,9 Mio.). Es besteht ein Bedarf von 47 - 63 Millionen Junghennen im Jahr (bei 12 - 15 Monaten Nutzungsdauer). Mit den f{\"u}r 2020 angegebenen 12,2 Millionen Pl{\"a}tzen konnten nur etwa 28 Millionen Junghennen erzeugt werden, woran der Importbedarf deutlich wird. Der gr{\"o}ßte Teil der importierten Legek{\"u}ken (f{\"u}r Aufzuchtbetriebe) oder Junghennen (f{\"u}r Legehennenbetriebe) kommt allerdings aus Erzeugung ohne K{\"u}kent{\"o}ten. Denn von 50 Millionen Haltungspl{\"a}tzen mit alternativen Haltungssystemen in Deutschland werden 86 Prozent vom Verein KAT kontrolliert, der das K{\"u}kent{\"o}ten auch bei Importen ausschließt. Die Haltung von Legehennen stieg im Jahr 2022 weiter an (Anzahl Betriebe + 6 \%, Haltungspl{\"a}tze + 3 \%, Legehennen + 2 \%). Auf eine verl{\"a}ngerte Nutzungsdauer der Hennen deuten sinkende Schlachtzahlen f{\"u}r Althennen in Deutschland hin (2021 34,0 Mio., 2022 29,7 Mio.). Die großen Einzelhandelsketten haben sich verpflichtet, nur noch Schaleneier ohne K{\"u}kent{\"o}ten (OKT) anzubieten, auch f{\"u}r importierte Eier. Einige Ketten dehnen das schrittweise auch auf Eier in verarbeiteten Produkten aus. Traditionell werden etwa 30 Prozent aller Eier in Deutschland importiert. Die Verbraucherpreise stiegen bereits 2021 aufgrund des K{\"u}kent{\"o}tungsverbots etwas an, 2022 hingegen Inflationsbedingt stark. Dennoch ist der Konsum von Eiern nur leicht zur{\"u}ckgegangen (von 233 in 2021 auf 230 in 2022). Beim Kauf von Schaleneiern gab es in 2022 eine leichte Verschiebung zu kosteng{\"u}nstigeren Eiern (Bio-Eier - 1,2 \%), sowie zu K{\"a}ufen im Discounter (+ 2 \%). Verbraucherstudien haben gezeigt, dass mittlerweile die meisten Konsumenten die Problematik des K{\"u}kent{\"o}tens kennen und dieses auch ablehnen. Die Alternativen dazu sind jedoch weniger bekannt. Dies trifft am meisten auf Zweinutzungsh{\"u}hner zu. Bei der Geschlechtsbestimmung im Ei hat eine starke Weiterentwicklung stattgefunden. Mittlerweile sind Anlagen mit f{\"u}nf verschiedenen Verfahren in Br{\"u}tereien im Einsatz (seit 2022 auch in Deutschland). Die f{\"u}r Deutschland angegebenen Kapazit{\"a}ten addieren sich auf etwa 17 - 21 Millionen Eiern im Jahr. Die derzeit in den Br{\"u}tereien genutzten Verfahren k{\"o}nnen nach der Gesetzes{\"a}nderung (Bestimmung bis max. 12. Bruttag) k{\"u}nftig weiter angewendet werden. Aus Tierschutzsicht w{\"a}re allerdings eine Bet{\"a}ubung der Embryonen vor der T{\"o}tung zu diskutieren. Die Anzahl Br{\"u}tereien mit Sortierung von Bruderh{\"a}hnen hat deutlich zugenommen (2021 4, 2022 13). 2022 wurden 10,59 Millionen m{\"a}nnliche K{\"u}ken zur Aufzucht aussortiert. Dies macht einen Anteil von 65,3 Prozent der 16,20 Millionen geschl{\"u}pften Legek{\"u}ken aus ({\"U}brige Geschlechtsbestimmung). Mit den von der Branche angegebenen 5 - 8 Millionen Pl{\"a}tzen ließen sich 20 - 23 Millionen Bruderh{\"a}hne im Jahr aufziehen. Die KAT gibt an, dass 2022 9 von 20 Millionen Bruderh{\"a}hnen in Polen aufgezogen wurden. {\"U}ber die Verwendung der Bruderh{\"a}hne ist wenig bekannt. KAT schreibt eine Verwendung als Lebensmittel vor. Zweinutzungsh{\"u}hner sind bislang noch selten in der Praxis anzutreffen (gesch{\"a}tzt unter 1 \% der Hennen). Sie sind bei vielen Verbrauchern nicht bekannt und in den Superm{\"a}rkten gibt es keine speziellen Angebote. Aufgrund der geringeren Leistungen m{\"u}ssen die Landwirte h{\"o}here Preise erzielen.}, language = {de} } @article{VoglhuberSlavinskyLemkeMacPhersonetal.2023, author = {Voglhuber-Slavinsky, Ariane and Lemke, Nahleen and MacPherson, Joseph and D{\"o}nitz, Ewa and Olbrisch, Mathias and Sch{\"o}bel, Philipp and Moller, Bj{\"o}rn and Bahrs, Enno and Helming, Katharina}, title = {Valorization for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in the Agri-Food Value Chain}, series = {Environmental Management}, volume = {72}, journal = {Environmental Management}, number = {6}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, doi = {10.1007/s00267-023-01860-7}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8104}, pages = {1163 -- 1188}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This article defines the term valorization of biodiversity and ecosystem services (BES) measures, as distinguished from their valuation, and underpins it with an assessment of private valorization examples along the agri-food value chain. Valorization incentivizes measures for promoting BES, while valuation refers to its quantification. Valuation can be a step of valorization but is not indispensable. In scientific literature, the terms valorization and valuation are often used interchangeably. In addition, there is a lack of research on private options versus conventional, public policy options. Therefore, we searched for private valorization options primarily in public sources (gray literature and websites). This led to the identification of four clusters (markets for voluntary services, labeling, and certification, environmental management/CSR, and tradable permits and quotas). Based on these clusters the options were assessed from a legal and systems dynamics perspective. In addition, the viability of selected valorization options in different future scenarios was examined. The analysis revealed a wide range of private valorization options, which in contrast to public policy options that focus almost entirely on the production stage, are spread across the agri-food value chain. Their suitability differs under different future scenarios, legal and systems conditions.}, language = {en} } @article{MouratiadouLemkeChenetal.2023, author = {Mouratiadou, Ioanna and Lemke, Nahleen and Chen, Cheng and Wartenberg, Ariani and Bloch, Ralf and Donat, Marco and Gaiser, Thomas and Hanike Basavegowda, Deepak and Helming, Katharina and Ali Hosseini Yekani, Seyed and Krull, Marcos and Lingemann, Kai and Macpherson, Joseph and Melzer, Marvin and Nendel, Claas and Piorr, Annette and Shaaban, Mostafa and Zander, Peter and Weltzien, Cornelia and Bellingrath-Kimura, Sonoko Dorothea}, title = {The Digital Agricultural Knowledge and Information System (DAKIS): Employing digitalisation to encourage diversified and multifunctional agricultural systems}, series = {Environmental Science and Ecotechnology}, volume = {16}, journal = {Environmental Science and Ecotechnology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {2666-4984}, doi = {10.1016/j.ese.2023.100274}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8012}, pages = {13}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Multifunctional and diversified agriculture can address diverging pressures and demands by simultaneously enhancing productivity, biodiversity, and the provision of ecosystem services. The use of digital technologies can support this by designing and managing resource-efficient and context-specific agricultural systems. We present the Digital Agricultural Knowledge and Information System (DAKIS) to demonstrate an approach that employs digital technologies to enable decision-making towards diversified and sustainable agriculture. To develop the DAKIS, we specified, together with stakeholders, requirements for a knowledge-based decision-support tool and reviewed the literature to identify limitations in the current generation of tools. The results of the review point towards recurring challenges regarding the consideration of ecosystem services and biodiversity, the capacity to foster communication and cooperation between farmers and other actors, and the ability to link multiple spatiotemporal scales and sustainability levels. To overcome these challenges, the DAKIS provides a digital platform to support farmers' decision-making on land use and management via an integrative spatiotemporally explicit approach that analyses a wide range of data from various sources. The approach integrates remote and in situ sensors, artificial intelligence, modelling, stakeholder-stated demand for biodiversity and ecosystem services, and participatory sustainability impact assessment to address the diverse drivers affecting agricultural land use and management design, including natural and agronomic factors, economic and policy considerations, and socio-cultural preferences and settings. Ultimately, the DAKIS embeds the consideration of ecosystem services, biodiversity, and sustainability into farmers' decision-making and enables learning and progress towards site-adapted small-scale multifunctional and diversified agriculture while simultaneously supporting farmers' objectives and societal demands.}, language = {en} } @article{PurfuerstdeMiguelDiezBerendtetal.2023, author = {Purf{\"u}rst, Thomas and de Miguel-D{\´i}ez, Felipe and Berendt, Ferr{\´e}ol and Engler, Benjamin and Cremer, Tobias}, title = {Comparison of wood stack volume determination between manual, photo-optical, iPad-LiDAR and handheld-LiDAR based measurement methods}, series = {iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry}, volume = {16}, journal = {iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry}, number = {4}, publisher = {Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology}, issn = {1971-7458}, doi = {10.3832/ifor4153-016}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8062}, pages = {243 -- 252}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The measurement of roadside wood stacks in the forest still plays an important role in many forestry operations. Traditional manual measuring methods can be laborious, inaccurate and error-prone. Therefore, the issue is whether 2.5D or 3D optical remote sensing measuring methods provide more precise or detailed results and advantages in further data processing. This study examined and partly developed nine different manual, photo-optical, iPad®-LiDAR and handheld laser scanner-LiDAR-based wood stack measurement methods. Forty-seven wood stacks, ranging from 8.9 to 209.3 m3 (totalling approximately 2700 m3), were measured and compared using these nine methods. All the methods give volume estimations, and none can be seen to give the real or true wood stack gross volume. Surprisingly, the results varied significantly within and between the individual methods, with up to a 9\% mean relative deviation. The relative deviation is strongly dependent on the size of the wood stack. The 3D measurement methods using iPad® RGB and LiDAR recorded lower timber volumes than the other methods, in contrast to the method based on samples taken with handheld laser scanner-LiDAR, which overestimated the volume. Generally, optical- and laser-based surveying techniques could be more widely applied in measuring wood stacks in the future. However, such automatic wood stack gross volume determination approaches still face some challenges, regarding accuracy in the case of the 2.5D methods and the lack of automatisation in the case of 3D methods. Consequently, further research is required in the near future.}, language = {en} } @article{GreischelNagyConradetal.2023, author = {Greischel, Eva and Nagy, Emilia and Conrad, Alexander and Sch{\"a}fer, Martina}, title = {Social logistics: Rethinking public transport as a regional distributor of goods in rural areas. Chances for the long-term establishment of a sustainable regional logistics approach}, series = {Raumforschung und Raumordnung}, journal = {Raumforschung und Raumordnung}, publisher = {oekom Verlag}, issn = {0034-0111}, doi = {10.14512/rur.1690}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8032}, pages = {13}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This paper presents initial findings on the establishment of a social logistics project in a peripheral rural region in Germany. As part of a real-life laboratory, two services were developed and tested with the aim of improving rural supply: the delivery of regional goods and the return of online orders in cooperation with a regional public transport provider, regional retailers and parcel services. An evaluation team provided support to the project in identifying, monitoring, and documenting the societal impact of the services and promoted impact-oriented project management. The concept of providing services of general interest through social logistics and testing them in a real-world laboratory was based on preliminary work in the region. The results indicate that this approach can promote this type of social logistics in the long term. A social logistics approach does not focus solely on economic aspects but emphasises social and environmental benefits for the region. A real-world laboratory approach enables an environment that promotes open exchange, involvement of different stakeholders and joint problem solving in a reflective, iterative process. This methodological approach enabled the continuation and out-scaling of the service's core offerings immediately after ending the test phase and is seen as an important prerequisite for establishing a long-term perspective.}, language = {en} } @article{ArrekhiNiknahadGharmakherBachingeretal.2022, author = {Arrekhi, Armin and Niknahad Gharmakher, Hamid and Bachinger, Johann and Bloch, Ralf}, title = {Investigation of Feasibility and Effect of Alternative Farming System on the Grain Yield of Barley and Forage Production in Western Semi-arid Region of Golestan Province, Iran}, series = {Journal of Rangeland Science}, volume = {13}, journal = {Journal of Rangeland Science}, number = {2}, publisher = {IA University, Borujerd Branch}, issn = {2008-9996}, doi = {10.30495/rs.2023.688855}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8022}, pages = {155 -- 167}, year = {2022}, abstract = {One of the major challenges in semi-arid regions of Iran is to supply the adequate forage for livestock and meanwhile prevent the destruction of rangelands due to overgrazing. Therefore, this study aimed to compare three cropping systems of barley using Salsola turcomanica (ST), and Chrysopogon zizanioides (CZ) in three treatments of barley+ST, barley+ST+CZ and mono-culture of barley. Two-year field trials data were collected from November 2018 to October 2020 in two experimental sites using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The results of analysis of variance over two years indicated that the effects of year, location, and year by location interaction were significant (p<0.01) for all of barley's yield components. Mixed cropping of barley with other species had no negative effect on barley traits such as grain yield, straw yield and harvest index. In addition, the mixed cropping of barley+ST and barley+ST+CZ in the first year produced 2.5 t/ha more forage yield than that mono-culture of barley. This was due to high production of Salsola (ST), in mixed cropping. In both years, yield of Salsola production was about 25\% of whole produced biomass. Drastic reduction in rainfall in the second year reduced the obtained yield; so, there was no significant difference among three cropping systems in the second year. However, cropping systems of barley+ST and barley+ST+CZ produced about 1 t/ha more forage than that for the mono-culture of barley. Mixed cropping of barley +ST+CZ did not affect yield components of barley. Mixed cropping of barley with Salsola turcomanica could guarantee soil cover throughout the year and is recommended for forage production in rangeland in Iran.}, language = {en} } @article{RecklingWatsonWhitbreadetal.2023, author = {Reckling, Moritz and Watson, Christine A. and Whitbread, Anthony and Helming, Katharina}, title = {Diversification for sustainable and resilient agricultural landscape systems}, series = {Agronomy for Sustainable Development}, volume = {43}, journal = {Agronomy for Sustainable Development}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, issn = {1773-0155}, doi = {10.1007/s13593-023-00898-5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8135}, pages = {5}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This virtual issue comprises papers that address diversification for providing sustainable solutions at different scales from cropping and grassland to food systems. The authors investigated processes in case studies at the landscape scale where synergies and trade-offs between social and environmental objectives become the most tangible. Contributions from all continents highlighted regional specificities related to diversification and include research from natural and social sciences, with inter- and transdisciplinary approaches including synthesis of knowledge (reviews), empirical studies with experiments as well as assessments with interviews in case studies: Model-based design of crop diversification, the role of digitalization for achieving sustainability in the European context, ecological engineering for rice pest suppression in China, the role of cereal species mixtures in Ethiopian smallholder farmers, diversified planting in arid irrigation areas in northwestern China, integration of legumes in European and Canadian cropping systems, screening of native forage legumes for northern Swedish grassland systems, cropping system diversification of smallholder farmers in south-central Bangladesh, identification of how farmers imagine diversified landscapes in southern Idaho in the US, farm diversification affecting impacts from COVID-19 across Europe, the role of diversified farming in Mato Grosso Brazil, diversification and soil management measures in Germany, value chain formation for the scaling of crop diversification, and the design process with farmers and scientists for the transition toward legume-supported farming in Europe. A key finding from these examples is that agricultural intensification has led to the simplification of cropping systems and landscapes in terms of species diversity and ecosystem function. To instead move towards sustainable transformation, all system levels (i.e. from the plot, farm, landscape, governance and overall food systems) need to interact and reinforce each other for diversification to deliver the desired outcomes.}, language = {en} } @article{LauterbachBrunsHaering2023, author = {Lauterbach, Josephine and Bruns, Antonia Johanna and H{\"a}ring, Anna Maria}, title = {Exploring Consumer Preference towards the On-Farm Slaughtering of Beef in Germany: A Discrete Choice Experiment}, series = {Foods}, journal = {Foods}, number = {12}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2304-8158}, doi = {10.3390/foods12183473}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7753}, pages = {15}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Current production standards and communication campaigns about animal welfare in relation to beef strongly emphasise the "humane" rearing of cattle. Aspects such as transport and slaughtering conditions are often overlooked in both production standards and communications with consumers. Long transport routes and conventional slaughtering can cause significant stress to animals and have negative impacts on their welfare and on meat quality. On-farm slaughter can address these criticisms. Communicating the value of low-stress slaughtering conditions like on-farm slaughtering may offer significant sales potential for a premium market segment. In this study, we explore consumers' preferences and willingness to pay for beef that is slaughtered on-farm rather than in conventional abattoirs. We conducted an online survey (n = 400) in 2022, with a sample that is representative of the German population with respect to gender, age, income and education. Our survey included a discrete choice experiment for the purchase of minced beef, incorporating product attributes that influence purchase decisions. These included: price, information on the social, economic and environmental benefits of regional production, different production standards (conventional/organic) and information on on-farm slaughtering. Our findings indicate that consumers derive the highest utility from a low price, followed by information about on-farm slaughtering. Participants indicated a preference for information on high animal welfare over high beef quality. We conclude that highlighting on-farm slaughtering could be a significant benefit in marketing premium beef products.}, language = {en} } @article{KereselidzePilarskaGuntadzeetal.2022, author = {Kereselidze, Manana and Pilarska, Daniela and Guntadze, Nika and Linde, Andreas}, title = {Halyomorpha halys St{\aa}l, (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae) feeding effects on some agriculturalfruits in Georgia}, series = {Turkish Journal of Zoology}, volume = {46}, journal = {Turkish Journal of Zoology}, number = {3}, publisher = {T{\"u}bitak}, issn = {1300-0179}, doi = {10.55730/1300-0179.3058}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7441}, pages = {298 -- 303}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Feeding effects of the invasive, polyphagous brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae), on some agricultural fruits (hazelnut, blueberry, mandarin, lemon) were investigated in Guria and Samegrelo regions of Georgia in 2019 and 2020. The damage to hazelnut kernels was evaluated when H. halys adults were allowed to feed on kernels in different stages of development. Furthermore, BMSB adults were allowed to feed on almost ripened fruits of blueberry, on small mandarin fruits which were not yet well developed, and on ripened fruits of mandarin. The evaluation of damage on lemon was recorded after allowing adult BMSB on small, not yet developed fruits and on almost developed fruits. It was shown that hazelnuts are susceptible to damage caused by feeding of BMSB throughout the entire period of kernel development (100\% of kernels were damaged and did not develop at all). Furthermore, BMSB damages blueberry severely (100\% damage) when the fruits are almost ripened. Damage to mandarin fruits in early development stages was over 90\%, and 100\% of ripened mandarin fruits dropped to the ground. We did not find any damage when BMSB was allowed to feed on Lemon throughout the development of the fruits.}, language = {en} } @article{FritzHolstLangetal.2022, author = {Fritz, Hilke and Holst, Jorrit and Lang, Daniel J. and N{\"o}lting, Benjamin and Parodi, Oliver and Potthast, Thomas and Singer-Brodowski, Mandy}, title = {Transformationspfade f{\"u}r eine Kultur der Nachhaltigkeit an deutschen Hochschulen}, series = {GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society}, volume = {31}, journal = {GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society}, number = {4}, publisher = {oekom Verlag}, issn = {0940-5550}, doi = {10.14512/gaia.31.4.14}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7515}, pages = {254 -- 256}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Die Hochschulrektorenkonferenz hat sich 2018 f{\"u}r eine „Kultur der Nachhaltigkeit" ausgesprochen. Um dieses neue Leitbild f{\"u}r die Hochschulentwicklung auszugestalten, hat sich das Verbundvorhaben Hochschulen in Gesellschaft - Realexperimente transformativer Lern- und Forschungsprozesse f{\"u}r eine Kultur der Nachhaltigkeit an Hochschulen gegr{\"u}ndet. Es will alle relevanten Stakeholder von Hochschulen ansprechen und einen wichtigen Impuls f{\"u}r die Nachhaltigkeitstransformation an Hochschulen setzen.}, language = {de} } @article{HartwigGrafFilipschacketal.2023, author = {Hartwig, Corinna and Graf, Verena and Filipschack, Maria and Kr{\"u}th, Katharina and N{\"o}lting, Benjamin and Raich, Stefan and Roose, Ilka}, title = {InNoWest st{\"a}rkt nachhaltige Entwicklung und Digitalisierung in Nord-West-Brandenburg}, series = {GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society}, journal = {GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society}, publisher = {oekom Verlag}, issn = {0940-5550}, doi = {10.14512/gaia.32.2.12}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7520}, pages = {269 -- 271}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In strukturschwachen l{\"a}ndlichen Regionen die nachhaltige Entwicklung und Digitalisierung durch Transferprojekte zu unterst{\"u}tzen und gemeinsam mit regionalen Akteuren weiterzuentwickeln - das ist das Ziel des Verbundvorhabens InNoWest - Einfach machen! Gemeinsam nachhaltig und digital in Nord-West-Brandenburg. Wir stellen das Projekt vor.}, language = {de} } @incollection{RiekRussZicheetal.2021, author = {Riek, Winfried and Russ, Alexander and Ziche, Daniel and Hentschel, Rainer and Brini, Andrea}, title = {Prognose zur Entwicklung der Rot-Buche unter ver{\"a}nderten Wasserhaushaltsbedingungen}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5276}, publisher = {Hochschule f{\"u}r nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde}, pages = {104 -- 128}, year = {2021}, language = {de} } @article{deMiguelDiezPurfuerstAcunaetal.2023, author = {de Miguel-D{\´i}ez, Felipe and Purf{\"u}rst, Thomas and Acuna, Mauricio and Tolosana-Esteban, Eduardo and Cremer, Tobias}, title = {Estimation of conversion factors for wood stacks in landings and their influencing parameters: a comprehensive literature review for America and Europe}, series = {Silva Fennica}, volume = {57}, journal = {Silva Fennica}, number = {1}, publisher = {The Finnish Society of Forest Science}, issn = {2242-4075}, doi = {10.14214/sf.22018}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6459}, pages = {47}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In commercial transaction of stacked roundwood, the estimation of the stack net volume plays a key role. One generalized method to determine the net volume is using conversion factors that relate the gross and net volumes. In this literature review the developed methods to estimate the conversion factors as well as their influencing parameters were analyzed based on 153 references from America and Europe. According to the results, 48 different methods (including their variants) for estimating the conversion factors were developed. The newest methods enabled their accurate determination inexpensively, e.g., photo-optical methods or 3D simulation models. The analyzed references revealed that 30 parameters influence the conversion factors. Based on this comprehensive review, each stakeholder involved in the roundwood supply chain can know which method is used for estimating the conversion factors in the analyzed territories and which influencing parameters should be considered when purchasing roundwood in order to accurately assess the solid wood content in the stacks.}, language = {en} } @article{FieldsendVargaBiroetal.2022, author = {Fieldsend, Andrew and Varga, Eszter and Bir{\´o}, Szabolcs and von M{\"u}nchhausen, Susanne and H{\"a}ring, Anna Maria}, title = {Multi-actor co-innovation partnerships in agriculture, forestry and related sectors in Europe: Contrasting approaches to implementation}, series = {Agricultural Systems}, volume = {202}, journal = {Agricultural Systems}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {1873-2267}, doi = {10.1016/j.agsy.2022.103472}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6475}, pages = {14}, year = {2022}, abstract = {CONTEXT Innovation is an important driver of increased productivity, sustainability and resilience in agriculture, forestry and related sectors. An analysis of how different types of multi-actor co-innovation partnerships function can help to identify the reasons why some are more successful than others in 'speeding up' innovation. OBJECTIVE To provide a framework for the analysis of the co-innovation process, we developed a multidimensional conceptual typology of co-innovation activities based on a review of 200 such partnerships involving farmers and foresters from across Europe. This framework is based on innovation systems theory and the prevailing policy context of the 'multi-actor approach'. METHODS The overarching concept or dependent variable measured by the typology is 'effectiveness of co-innovation by a multi-actor partnership' and the two dimensions of the overarching concept are the 'structural components of the Organisational Innovation System', with four categories, and 'attitude towards interaction', with two categories. The result is a matrix of eight 'ideal types' of co-innovation activity. These eight types are characterised according to first-order constructs derived from our research data. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The results show that the co-innovation process can successfully take contrasting forms according to the 'contextual contingencies' encountered by the partnership. In other words, no one ideal type is intrinsically 'superior' to another but may be more 'appropriate' in given circumstances. Factors influencing approaches to implementation include actor capacities, aspirations and networks, the co-innovation topic and its influence on the partnership size and the workplan structure, the type of co-innovation activity outputs and the need to engage with the 'larger periphery' of stakeholders, and the nature of the enabling environment. SIGNIFICANCE The typology is not a classification since the ideal types represent organisational forms that might exist rather than real partnerships. However, the analytical framework it provides will help policy makers and programme managers to develop targeted interventions, according to actor needs and local circumstances, for 'speeding up' innovation.}, language = {en} } @article{BarthJimenezAceitunoPMLametal.2023, author = {Barth, Matthias and Jim{\´e}nez-Aceituno, Amanda and PM Lam, David and B{\"u}rgener, Lina and J Lang, Daniel}, title = {Transdisciplinary learning as a key leverage for sustainability transformations}, series = {Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability}, volume = {64}, journal = {Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {1877-3435}, doi = {10.1016/j.cosust.2023.101361}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6483}, pages = {8}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Learning and transdisciplinary research are widely acknowledged as key components for achieving sustainability; however, the links between these concepts remain vague in the sustainability literature. Recently, emphasis has been given to transdisciplinary learning, highlighting its potential as an approach that contributes to solving real-world problems. To better understand and foster transdisciplinary learning for sustainability transformations, it is relevant to pay attention to two dimensions that define transdisciplinary learning: social interaction (individual learning in a social setting, as a group, or beyond the group), and learning forms (single-, double-, or triple-loop learning). This article introduces a conceptual framework built upon these two dimensions to understand three specific forms of transdisciplinary learning as a) individual competence development, b) experience-based collaboration, and c) societal interaction. This framework helps to clarify the design of learning processes as well as their interactions in transdisciplinary processes to support transformative change.}, language = {en} } @article{WeissvonWehrdenLinde2023, author = {Weiss, Fabio and von Wehrden, Henrik and Linde, Andreas}, title = {Random year intercepts in mixed models help to assess uncertainties in insect population trends}, series = {Insect Conservation and Diversity}, volume = {16}, journal = {Insect Conservation and Diversity}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {1752-4598}, doi = {10.1111/icad.12644}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6496}, pages = {531 -- 537}, year = {2023}, abstract = {1. An increasing number of studies is investigating insect population trends based on time series data. However, the available data is often subject to temporal pseudoreplication. Inter-annual variability of environmental conditions and strong fluctuations in insect abundances can impede reliable trend estimation. Temporal random effect structures in regression models have been proposed as solution for this issue, but remain controversial. 2. We investigated trends in ground beetle abundance across 24 years using generalised linear mixed models. We fitted four models: A base model, a model featuring a random year intercept, a model featuring basic weather parameters, and a model featuring both random year intercept and weather parameters. We then performed a simple sensitivity analysis to assess the robustness of the four models with respect to influential years, also testing for possible spurious baseline and snapshot effects. 3. The model structure had a significant impact on the overall magnitude of the estimated trends. However, we found almost no difference among the models in how the removal of single years (sensitivity analysis) relatively affected trend coefficients. The two models with a random year intercept yielded significantly larger confidence intervals and their p-values were more sensitive during sensitivity analysis. Significant differences of the model with random year intercept and weather parameters to all other models suggest that the random year effects and specific weather effects are rather additive than interchangeable. 4. We conclude that random year intercepts help to produce more reliable and cautious uncertainty measures for insect population trends. Moreover, they might help to identify influential years in sensitivity analyses more easily. We recommend random year intercepts in addition to any variables representing temporally variable environmental conditions, such as weather variables.}, language = {en} } @article{SteckeldelRioHeymetal.2020, author = {Steckel, M. and del R{\´i}o, M. and Heym, M. and Aldea, J. and Bielak, K. and Brazaitis, G. and Čern{\´y}, J. and Coll, L. and Collet, C. and Ehbrecht, M. and Jansons, A. and Nothdurft, A. and Pach, M. and Pardos, M. and Ponette, Q. and Reventlow, D.O.J. and Sitko, R. and Svoboda, M. and Vallet, P. and Wolff, B. and Pretzsch, H.}, title = {Species mixing reduces drought susceptibility of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and oak (Quercus robur L., Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) - Site water supply and fertility modify the mixing effect}, series = {Forest Ecology and Management}, volume = {461}, journal = {Forest Ecology and Management}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {0378-1127}, doi = {10.1016/j.foreco.2020.117908}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5761}, pages = {18}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Tree species mixing has been widely promoted as a promising silvicultural tool for reducing drought stress. However, so far only a limited number of species combinations have been studied in detail, revealing inconsistent results. In this study, we analysed the effect of mixing Scots pine and oak (pedunculate oak and sessile oak) trees on their drought response along a comprehensive ecological gradient across Europe. The objective was to improve our knowledge of general drought response patterns of two fundamental European tree species in mixed versus monospecific stands. We focused on three null hypotheses: () tree drought response does not differ between Scots pine and oak, () tree drought response of Scots pine and oak is not affected by stand composition (mixture versus monoculture) and () tree drought response of Scots pine and oak in mixtures and monocultures is not modified by tree size or site conditions. To test the hypotheses, we analysed increment cores of Scots pine and oak, sampled in mixed and monospecific stands, covering a wide range of site conditions. We investigated resistance (the ability to maintain growth levels during drought), recovery (the ability to restore a level of growth after drought) and resilience (the capacity to recover to pre-drought growth levels), involving site-specific drought events that occurred between 1976 and 2015. In monocultures, oak showed a higher resistance and resilience than Scots pine, while recovery was lower. Scots pine in mixed stands exhibited a higher resistance, but also a lower recovery compared with Scots pine in monocultures. Mixing increased the resistance and resilience of oak. Ecological factors such as tree size, site water supply and site fertility were found to have significant effects on the drought response. In the case of Scots pine, resistance was increased by tree size, while recovery was lowered. Resistance of oak increased with site water supply. The observed mixing effect on the tree drought response of Scots pine and oak was in some cases modified by the site conditions studied. Positive mixing effects in terms of resistance and resilience of oak increased with site water supply, while the opposite was found regarding recovery. In contrast, site fertility lessened the positive mixing effect on the resistance of Scots pine. We hypothesise that the observed positive mixing effects under drought mainly result from water- and/or light-related species interactions that improve resource availability and uptake according to temporal and spatial variations in environmental conditions.}, language = {en} } @article{AlffKonysbayevSalmyrzauly2023, author = {Alff, Henryk and Konysbayev, Talgarbay and Salmyrzauly, Ruslan}, title = {Old stereotypes and new openness: discourses and practices of trans-border re- and disconnection in south-eastern Kazakhstan's agricultural sector}, series = {Eurasian Geography and Economics}, journal = {Eurasian Geography and Economics}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, issn = {1538-7216}, doi = {10.1080/15387216.2023.2169184}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6340}, pages = {23}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Since the Soviet breakup, rural communities in the Kazakhstan-China borderlands have faced cataclysmic social, economic, and ecological transformations. Collective and state farms have been replaced by precarious smallholder agriculture suffering from a decline in financial inputs and the deterioration of infrastructure. At the same time, dynamic transformations of border permeability (and trans-border reconnections) between Kazakhstan and China have challenged the until relatively recent widespread Soviet rhetoric on Western China (or rather Xinjiang) as an underdeveloped space across the border. This article is based on several months of fieldwork between 2019 and 2021 in Panfilov District, located at major cross-border road and railway intersections and hosting important infrastructural objects, such as a dry port, a major railway transhipment hub, and a trans-border special economic zone. The article explores how the border situation (and the border's changing permeability for people, commodities, and ideas since the early 1990s) as well as the implementation of new trans-border infrastructures eventually shaped local discourses and practices in the socio-economic development of south-east Kazakhstan's agricultural sector. It is scrutinized herein how various forms of trans-border socio-economic interactions (although heavily regulated) and China's (agri-) economic policy in Xinjiang started to affect farmers' ambitions and practices across the border.}, language = {en} } @article{WenigReppeHorbeltetal.2023, author = {Wenig, Charlett and Reppe, Friedrich and Horbelt, Nils and Spener, Jaromir and Berendt, Ferr{\´e}ol and Cremer, Tobias and Frey, Marion and Burgert, Ingo and Eder, Michaela}, title = {Adhesives free bark panels: An alternative application for a waste material}, series = {PloS one}, volume = {18}, journal = {PloS one}, number = {1}, publisher = {Public Library of Science (PLoS)}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0280721}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6104}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The proportion of bark in tree trunks is in the range of ~ 10-20\%. This large amount of material is currently mainly considered as a by- or even waste-product by the timber processing industry. Recently, efforts towards the use of bark have been made, e.g. as a raw material to harvest different chemical compounds or as an additive for wood particle boards. Our motivation for this work was to keep the bark in an almost natural state and explore alternative processes and applications for use. The traditional method of de-barking tree trunks by peeling was used to harvest large bark pieces. Two pieces of peeled bark were placed crosswise, with the rhytidom side (outer bark) facing each other. After different conditioning steps, bark pieces were hot pressed to panels without adding adhesives. These experiments on bark samples of different Central European tree species suggest that production of panels with species dependent properties is possible and feasible. This is a step towards producing sustainable panels by using a natural waste material, while retaining its beneficial structure and its natural chemical composition.}, language = {en} } @misc{BolteRockWolff2021, author = {Bolte, Andreas and Rock, Joachim and Wolff, Barbara}, title = {Setting aside forests or harvesting them for bioenergy: Short-term benefits for climate protection are still unknown}, series = {GCB Bioenergy}, volume = {13}, journal = {GCB Bioenergy}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {1757-1707}, doi = {10.1111/gcbb.12769}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6081}, pages = {364 -- 366}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{PaulKuhnSteinhoffKnoppetal.2020, author = {Paul, Carsten and Kuhn, Kristin and Steinhoff-Knopp, Bastian and Weißhuhn, Peter and Helming, Katharina}, title = {Towards a standardization of soil-related ecosystem service assessments}, series = {European Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {72}, journal = {European Journal of Soil Science}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {1365-2389}, doi = {10.1111/ejss.13022}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5801}, pages = {1543 -- 1558}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The concept of ecosystem services (ES) creates understanding of the value of ecosystems for human well-being. With regard to soils, it provides a framework for assessments of soil contributions and soil management impacts. However, a lack of standardization impedes comparisons between assessment studies and the building of synthesis information. The Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES) is an important step forward, although its application to soils is not without difficulty. CICES version 5.1 defines 83 ES classes, of which only some are relevant for soils. We compiled two subsets of CICES classes: one set of soil-related ES comprising 29 services defined as directly and quantifiably controlled by soils and their properties, processes and functions, and another set of 40 ES defined as being affected by agricultural soil management. Additionally, we conducted a systematic literature review, searching for published lists of soil-related ES that claim completeness. We identified 11 relevant lists. Of all CICES classes, 12 were included in more than 75\% of the lists, whereas another 36 classes were included in 25-75\% of them. Regarding the suitability of the CICES classification for addressing ES in the context of soils and their agricultural management, we identified constraints, such as overlaps, gaps, and highly specific or very broad class definitions. Close cooperation between the soil research and ES communities could ensure better consideration of soils in future CICES updates. A shortlist of 25 service classes affected by agricultural soil management facilitates a standardized approach and may function as checklists in impact assessments.}, language = {en} } @article{BielyvonMuenchhausenvanPassel2022, author = {Biely, Katharina and von M{\"u}nchhausen, Susanne and van Passel, Steven}, title = {Vertical integration as a strategy to increase value absorption by primary producers: The Belgian sugar beet and the German rapeseed case}, series = {AIMS Agriculture and Food}, volume = {7}, journal = {AIMS Agriculture and Food}, number = {3}, publisher = {AIMS Press}, issn = {2471-2086}, doi = {10.3934/agrfood.2022041}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5610}, pages = {659 -- 682}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Vertical integration is a means of increasing market power. For some agricultural products, it is easier for farmers to exert control over their product beyond the farm gate, but for others it is more difficult. Cases in the latter category have two main characteristics. First, the farmer cannot sell the respective product to final consumers without processing. Second, processing is capital-intensive. Consequently, farmers have limited sales channels, and vertical integration of the supply chain is complex and challenging. It implies cooperation among farmers to process the raw material at a profitable scale and to finance the installation of processing facilities. Thus, for these product categories, farmers are prone to market power issues, since they depend on private businesses that have the financial means to install processing facilities and the logistical capacities to organize the collection of large amounts of raw material. This paper aims to identify and analyze the role of supply chain integration for farmers who are already cooperating horizontally. Two case studies serve as the basis for the analysis: sugar beet in Flanders, Belgium, and oilseed rape in Hessen, Germany. The analysis is based on a qualitative research approach combining interviews, focus groups, and workshops with farmers and processors. While for sugar beet, the effects of market power are emerging only now with the termination of the quota system, farmers growing oilseed rape have been experiencing these problems since the 1990s. Our analysis concludes that most strategies to maintain or improve farm income have been exhausted. Even various forms of vertical integration supported by European policies do not necessarily work as a successful strategy.}, language = {en} } @article{ZellerGoettert2021, author = {Zeller, Ulrich and G{\"o}ttert, Thomas}, title = {Humans, megafauna and landscape structure - Rock engravings from Namibia encourage a comparative approach to central Europe and southern Africa}, series = {Vertebrate Zoology}, volume = {71}, journal = {Vertebrate Zoology}, issn = {1864-5755}, doi = {10.3897/vz.71.e72811}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5538}, pages = {631 -- 643}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This paper deals with reflections that arose after observing prehistoric rock engravings at different locations in Namibia. These observations stimulated comparative considerations with focus on southern Africa and central Europe. Similar to the Aurignacian rock art of European origin, the most common motifs in the Namibian rock engravings are large animals. While in Europe, the species that served as a blueprint for the illustration of Aurignacian rock art have mostly disappeared, the megafauna illustrated on the rock engravings in Namibia can still be found in the immediate vicinity of the rock art. Against this background, we discuss and further develop a comparative regional approach. We reconstruct and evaluate the suitability of African savannas and still-existing megafauna communities as an appropriate reference-frame for natural European grassland systems and extinct associated warm-adapted megafauna (Eemian Interglacial megafauna). Special attention is laid on the unique situation in Africa in the light of a global extinction wave of megafauna following increasing human activity in the Late Quaternary. This leads us to discuss the use of domesticated ungulates as surrogate taxa to fulfill ecosystem functions in Europe as part of concepts termed "rewilding" or "naturalistic grazing". After critically examining these concepts, we conclude that using domesticated forms as representatives of extinct or locally disappeared species in Europe has its justification to some extent. If, however, the naturally occurring megaherbivore community still exists (Africa), these naturally occurring species should be given priority due to their organismic abilities and limitations adapted to the harsh conditions in their specific environment. Finally, we discuss the application of (transboundary) protected areas as effective instruments to mitigate human-wildlife conflicts. A holistic approach, including nature conservation and preservation of cultural achievements (domesticated forms, grazing systems), appears promising for the effective protection of the natural African savanna ecosystems with their unique fauna elements, as illustrated in rock engravings that inspired us to write this paper.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchroederGuerickeKoerner2021, author = {Schr{\"o}der, Jens and Guericke, Martin and K{\"o}rner, Michael}, title = {Fingerprints of biotic agents in tree-ring and NDVI time series of forest stands}, series = {TRACE - Tree Rings in Archeology, Climatology and Ecology - Virtual Conference 2021}, booktitle = {TRACE - Tree Rings in Archeology, Climatology and Ecology - Virtual Conference 2021}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.17808.33286}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5559}, pages = {1}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{GrohDiamantopoulosDuanetal.2022, author = {Groh, Jannis and Diamantopoulos, Efstathios and Duan, Xiaohong and Ewert, Frank and Heinlein, Florian and Herbst, Michael and Holbak, Maja and Kamali, Bahareh and Kersebaum, Kurt-Christian and Kuhnert, Matthias and Nendel, Claas and Priesack, Eckart and Steidl, J{\"o}rg and Sommer, Michael and P{\"u}tz, Thomas and Vanderborght, Jan and Vereecken, Harry and Wallor, Evelyn and Weber, Tobias K. D. and Wegehenkel, Martin and Weiherm{\"u}ller, Lutz and Gerke, Horst H.}, title = {Same soil, different climate: Crop model intercomparison on translocated lysimeters}, series = {Vadose Zone Journal}, volume = {21}, journal = {Vadose Zone Journal}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {1539-1663}, doi = {10.1002/vzj2.20202}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5395}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Crop model intercomparison studies have mostly focused on the assessment of predictive capabilities for crop development using weather and basic soil data from the same location. Still challenging is the model performance when considering complex interrelations between soil and crop dynamics under a changing climate. The objective of this study was to test the agronomic crop and environmental flux-related performance of a set of crop models. The aim was to predict weighing lysimeter-based crop (i.e., agronomic) and water-related flux or state data (i.e., environmental) obtained for the same soil monoliths that were taken from their original environment and translocated to regions with different climatic conditions, after model calibration at the original site. Eleven models were deployed in the study. The lysimeter data (2014-2018) were from the Dedelow (Dd), Bad Lauchst{\"a}dt (BL), and Selhausen (Se) sites of the TERENO (TERrestrial ENvironmental Observatories) SOILCan network. Soil monoliths from Dd were transferred to the drier and warmer BL site and the wetter and warmer Se site, which allowed a comparison of similar soil and crop under varying climatic conditions. The model parameters were calibrated using an identical set of crop- and soil-related data from Dd. Environmental fluxes and crop growth of Dd soil were predicted for conditions at BL and Se sites using the calibrated models. The comparison of predicted and measured data of Dd lysimeters at BL and Se revealed differences among models. At site BL, the crop models predicted agronomic and environmental components similarly well. Model performance values indicate that the environmental components at site Se were better predicted than agronomic ones. The multi-model mean was for most observations the better predictor compared with those of individual models. For Se site conditions, crop models failed to predict site-specific crop development indicating that climatic conditions (i.e., heat stress) were outside the range of variation in the data sets considered for model calibration. For improving predictive ability of crop models (i.e., productivity and fluxes), more attention should be paid to soil-related data (i.e., water fluxes and system states) when simulating soil-crop-climate interrelations in changing climatic conditions.}, language = {en} } @article{RaabSpies2023, author = {Raab, Christoph and Spies, Michael}, title = {Characterising cropland fragmentation in post-Soviet Central Asia, using Landsat remote-sensing time series data}, series = {Applied Geography}, journal = {Applied Geography}, number = {156}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {0143-6228}, doi = {10.1016/j.apgeog.2023.102968}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5362}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, agricultural reforms in Central Asia often translated into the fragmentation of large fields into smaller shares. Most remote-sensing-based land use classification approaches are categorical in nature, and thus they are unable to capture these changes. We have developed an approach to detecting the timing of land fragmentation based on textural information from a time series of Landsat images for four Central Asian countries (Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan) between 1990 and 2019. Our results showed that detected fragmentation events correspond well with documented agrarian reform processes in the different countries, and validation yielded maximum overall accuracies between 67 and 73\%. In a case study of a former collective farm in Kyrgyzstan, we demonstrate how our method can accurately detect changes on the local scale. Texture time series data have great potential for analysing the trajectories of cropland fragmentation, in particular in regions where additional information on land use is limited.}, language = {en} } @article{SunYuLietal.2020, author = {Sun, Lingxiao and Yu, Xiang and Li, Boshan and Zhang, Haiyan and Sha, Dong and Wang, Yao and Lei, Jiaqiang and Yu, Yang and Welp, Martin and Yu, Ruide}, title = {Coupling analysis of the major impact on sustainable development of the typical arid region of Turpan in Northwest China}, series = {Regional Sustainability}, volume = {1}, journal = {Regional Sustainability}, number = {1}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {2666-660X}, doi = {10.1016/j.regsus.2020.08.002}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5420}, pages = {48 -- 58}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Analyzing the sustainable development of a given region can provide an important reference and guide for future orientation. The study selects Turpan (including Gaochang District, Shanshan County, and Toksun County) in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of Northwest China as the study area and first investigates the essence of regional sustainable development. Based on the relevant data of the population, economy, and environment of Turpan from 2002 to 2018, we constructed an evaluation index system for three dimensions, namely, the population, economy, and environment, and analyzed them systematically. Specifically, we quantitatively calculated the comprehensive evaluation index, coupling degree, and coupling coordination degree of the sustainable development system of the study area. The study finds that Turpan has on some dimensions become increasingly sustainable, especially the economic development level has improved. The results show that the coupling coordination degree has increased from 0.3692 to 0.8894 during the period 2002-2018, which reflects the actual situation of Turpan and indicates that the proposed analysis method can effectively measure and evaluate the level of sustainable development in this region. Moreover, the study also puts forward main functional zoning of Turpan (i.e., Gaochang District as an optimized development zone, Shanshan County as a major agricultural production zone, and Toksun County as a key ecological function zone) and regional planning principles based on the population, economic, and environmental coupling analysis for the three jurisdictions in Turpan.}, language = {en} } @article{MannLoftHernandezMorcilloetal.2022, author = {Mann, Carsten and Loft, Lasse and Hern{\´a}ndez-Morcillo, M{\´o}nica and Primmer, Eeva and Bussola, Francesca and Falco, Enzo and Geneletti, Davide and Dobrowolska, Ewelina and Grossmann, Carol M. and Bottaro, Giorgia and Schleyer, Christian and Kluvankova, Tatiana and Garcia, Gino and Lovrić, Marko and Torralba, Mario and Plieninger, Tobias and Winkel, Georg}, title = {Governance Innovations for forest ecosystem service provision - Insights from an EU-wide survey}, series = {Environmental Science \& Policy}, journal = {Environmental Science \& Policy}, number = {132}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {1462-9011}, doi = {10.1016/j.envsci.2022.02.032}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4758}, pages = {282 -- 295}, year = {2022}, abstract = {This paper analyses the occurrence of governance innovations for forest ecosystem service (FES) provision in the forestry sector in Europe and the factors that influence innovation development. Based on a European-wide online survey, public and private forest owners and managers representing different property sizes indicate what type of governance innovation activities they engage in, and why. To investigate forestry innovations as systems, the analysis focuses on biophysical, social and technical factors influencing innovation development. The results of our exploratory quantitative analysis show that most innovation activities identified are largely oriented towards biomass production. Accordingly, most forest owners implement efficiency-driven optimisation strategies for forest management and technological improvement for provisioning service supply, to generate income. In contrast, the provision of regulating and cultural services is not yet a prominent part of forestry innovation activities.Reasons are rooted in a market-oriented economic rationale focusing on timber production, a lack of financial resources to compensate for other FES provisions or institutions to provide backup and security to forest owners and managers for engaging in innovation development. Given that the provision of a wide range of FES is a politically well-established objective for forest management in Europe, a strategy is needed that helps to align actors and sectors for supporting and co-financing related forest management approaches and business models. The current revision of the forest related policy framework on EU level under the EU Green deal poses a window of opportunity for better fostering novel governance approaches for more sustainable FES provision.}, language = {en} } @article{SorgeMannSchleyeretal.2022, author = {Sorge, Stefan and Mann, Carsten and Schleyer, Christian and Loft, Lasse and Spacek, Martin and Hern{\´a}ndez-Morcillo, M{\´o}nica and Kluvankova, Tatiana}, title = {Understanding dynamics of forest ecosystem services governance: A socio-ecological-technical-analytical framework}, series = {Ecosystem Services}, journal = {Ecosystem Services}, number = {55}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {2212-0416}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecoser.2022.101427}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4771}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Little is known about the emergence and development of novel governance approaches for forest ecosystem services provision, what drives them, and how they can be fostered. Existing frameworks often deal with single aspects of resource management and thus fail to assess processes, multi-level influences, and interacting dimensions and factors in a system-based understanding. In this article, we introduce the conceptual foundation and an empirical application of an adapted Social-Ecological System framework with additional elements that builds on the idea of complex and interlinked social-ecological-technical-forestry-innovation systems that allows for the identification of key factors for revealing forest ecosystem services dynamics to understand the emergence and development of such governance innovations. The development and testing of the framework was based on six case studies for knowledge co-creation. To showcase its application, two governance innovations were examined: a voluntary carbon market payment scheme in Germany and a network approach for forest-pasture management in Italy. The application of the framework reveals required adaptations to improve innovation by systematically unpacking the system dimensions and identifying fostering and hindering factors and their interdependencies. We highlight the output of a sound system-based information basis that allows for purposeful innovation conditioning by policy makers, practitioners, and other related actors.}, language = {en} } @article{MaierHebermehlGrossmannetal.2021, author = {Maier, Carolin and Hebermehl, Wiebke and Grossmann, Carol M. and Loft, Lasse and Mann, Carsten and Hern{\´a}ndez-Morcillo, M{\´o}nica}, title = {Innovations for securing forest ecosystem service provision in Europe - A systematic literature review}, series = {Ecosystem Services}, journal = {Ecosystem Services}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {2212-0416}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101374}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4741}, pages = {13}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Forest ecosystems provide a range of goods and services that are essential to human well-being. Yet global environmental problems, increasing urbanization, industrialization pressures, and dominant market mechanisms put into jeopardy the long term sustainable provision of forest ecosystem services (FES). Markets tend to favor private goods, such as timber, and are typically less able to provide sustainable financing mechanisms for public goods and services, such as carbon storage, biodiversity conservation or recreational value. European forest owners and policy makers alike are looking for governance innovations that generate economic opportunity while ensuring the future provision of FES. This systematic literature review aims to consolidate existing academic empirical research on local or regional level governance innovations in Europe concerned with generating forest-based revenue through FES provision. Thus, it complements conceptual literature dealing with challenges and opportunities of financing the provision of FES. When conducting the review we followed the process guidelines developed by 'Collaboration for Environmental Evidence' (Collaboration for Environmental Evidence, 2018). Out of a total of 3962 scanned papers, 23 papers containing 48 case studies were identified and analyzed in detail, to address the following guiding questions: (1) What types of FES related (governance) innovations for forest-based revenue generation exist and which FES do they address? (2) What are the motivations driving innovation development? (3) What are the implications for forest management? We found four types of governance innovations: forest product and organizational innovations which largely relate to provisioning FES; service innovations, which generally relate to cultural FES; and financial incentive systems or payment schemes targeting mostly regulating services. We identify potential synergies between two high-priority EU policy objectives: rural economic development and securing future FES provision. Currently, governance innovations' forest management implications and associated impact on (future) FES provision are rarely addressed in this literature. We recommend future policy and research to give greater consideration to the interdependencies between securing a range of FES, (rural) economic development, and forest management, to realize potential synergies.}, language = {en} } @article{MacPhersonVoglhuberSlavinskyOlbrischetal.2022, author = {MacPherson, Joseph and Voglhuber-Slavinsky, Ariane and Olbrisch, Mathias and Sch{\"o}bel, Philipp and D{\"o}nitz, Ewa and Mouratiadou, Ioanna and Helming, Katharina}, title = {Future agricultural systems and the role of digitalization for achieving sustainability goals. A review}, series = {Agronomy for Sustainable Development}, journal = {Agronomy for Sustainable Development}, number = {42}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, issn = {1773-0155}, doi = {10.1007/s13593-022-00792-6}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6886}, pages = {18}, year = {2022}, abstract = {By leveraging a wide range of novel, data-driven technologies for agricultural production and agri-food value chains, digital agriculture presents potential enhancements to sustainability across food systems. Accordingly, digital agriculture has received considerable attention in policy in recent years, with emphasis mostly placed on the potential of digital agriculture to improve efficiency, productivity and food security, and less attention given to how digitalization may impact other principles of sustainable development, such as biodiversity conservation, soil protection, and human health, for example. Here, we review high-level policy and law in the German and European context to highlight a number of important institutional, societal, and legal preconditions for leveraging digital agriculture to achieve diverse sustainability targets. Additionally, we combine foresight analysis with our review to reflect on how future frame conditions influencing agricultural digitalization and sustainability could conceivably arise. The major points are the following: (1) some polices consider the benefits of digital agriculture, although only to a limited extent and mostly in terms of resource use efficiency; (2) law as it applies to digital agriculture is emerging but is highly fragmented; and (3) the adoption of digital agriculture and if it is used to enhance sustainability will be dependent on future data ownership regimes.}, language = {en} } @article{HernandezMorcilloTorralbaBaigesetal.2022, author = {Hern{\´a}ndez-Morcillo, M{\´o}nica and Torralba, M. and Baiges, T. and Bernasconi, A. and Bottaro, G. and Brogaard, S. and Bussola, F. and D{\´i}az-Varela, E. and Geneletti, D. and Grossmann, C. M. and Kister, J. and Klingler, M. and Loft, L. and Lovric, M. and Mann, C. and Pipart, N. and Roces-D{\´i}az, J. V. and Sorge, S. and Tiebel, M. and Tyrv{\"a}inen, L. and Varela, E. and Winkel, G. and Plieninger, T.}, title = {Scanning the solutions for the sustainable supply of forest ecosystem services in Europe}, series = {Sustainability Science}, volume = {17}, journal = {Sustainability Science}, number = {5}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, issn = {1862-4065}, doi = {10.1007/s11625-022-01111-4}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4764}, pages = {2013 -- 2029}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Forests are key components of European multifunctional landscapes and supply numerous forest ecosystem services (FES) fundamental to human well-being. The sustainable provision of FES has the potential to provide responses to major societal challenges, such as climate change, biodiversity loss, or rural development. To identify suitable strategies for the future sustenance of FES, we performed a solution scanning exercise with a group of transdisciplinary forest and FES experts from different European regions. We identified and prioritized fifteen major challenges hindering the balanced provision of multiple FES and identified a series of potential solutions to tackle each of them. The most prominent challenges referred to the increased frequency and impacts of extreme weather events and the normative mindset regarding forest management. The respective solutions pointed to the promotion of forest resilience via climate-smart forestry and mainstreaming FES-oriented management through a threefold strategy focusing on education, awareness raising, and networking. In a subsequent survey, most solutions were assessed as highly effective, transferable, monitorable, and with potential for being economically efficient. The implementation of the solutions could have synergistic effects when applying the notion of leverage points. Seven emerging pathways towards the sustainable supply of FES have been identified. These pathways build on each other and are organized based on their potential for transformation: (1) shifting forest management paradigms towards pluralistic ecosystem valuation; (2) using integrated landscape approaches; (3) increasing forest resilience; (4) coordinating actions between forest-related actors; (5) increasing participation in forest planning and management; (6) continuous, open, and transparent knowledge integration; and (7) using incentive-based instruments to support regulating and cultural FES. These pathways can contribute to the implementation of the new EU Forestry Strategy to support the balanced supply of multiple FES.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{EstevesdeCarvalhoMelodeMatosUmbelinoetal.2021, author = {Esteves de Carvalho, Luiza Marina and Melo, Alessandra and de Matos Umbelino, Glauco Jos{\´e} and Mund, Jan-Peter and Gomes dos Santos, Jhonathan and Rosette, Jacqueline and Silveira, Daniel and Gorgens, Eric Bastos}, title = {Charcoal heaps volume estimation based on unmanned aerial vehicles}, series = {agriRxiv}, journal = {agriRxiv}, publisher = {CABI}, issn = {2791-1969}, doi = {10.31220/agriRxiv.2021.00053}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5226}, pages = {21}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The charcoal stock in a forest company is controlled based on the theoretical capacity of the masonry ovens (input) and shipped trucks (output). During the year, the company must monitor the stock for the purposes of accountability reports. This study proposes a more efficient and equally precise survey method that overcomes the challenges of the common monitoring system in Brazil. During this study, a new monitoring method based on digital stereoscopy from UAV images was developed, implemented and evaluated. The results were compared with a traditional topographic survey. A masonry oven's complex containing eight charcoal heaps was flown and surveyed using a multi-engine UAV, with an integrated Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and RTK equipment. Two stereoscopic processing methods were applied: (1) very low quality and (2) high quality to image alignment, reconstruction of the dense cloud, face count and in three-dimensional mesh creation. Low quality products showed geometric deformities when compared to high quality, but resulted in similar estimation to the topographic survey. The results indicated that the charcoal heaps' volume estimation using UAV derived orthomosaics can replace the conventional method of GNSS RTK surveys with considerable gains in stockpile volume accuracy, inventory frequency, and safety. In the case of high accuracy parameterization, improvements in geometric precision and accuracy are also produced.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{AparicioWallorMund2022, author = {Aparicio, Hainner and Wallor, Evelyn and Mund, Jan-Peter}, title = {High-resolution recording and forecasting of peatlands under forests in northeast Brandenburg (Germany) using remotely sensed data radar data (ALOS-PALSAR and Sentinel 1)}, series = {ESA Living Planet Symposium 2022}, booktitle = {ESA Living Planet Symposium 2022}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.12476.51848}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5205}, pages = {1}, year = {2022}, abstract = {High-resolution recording and forecasting of peatlands under forests in northeast Brandenburg (Germany) using remotely sensed data (Radar ALOS-PALSAR and Sentinel 1). Peatlands are important in terms of CO2 storage, water cycling, biochemical cycles, biodiversity, and ecosystem services. Peatlands are constantly altered and damaged due to agriculture and drainage. Thus it is crucial to manage them sustainably. How? First step - locating and quantifying them with geospatial data and remote sensing methods since locating and collecting data in field is highly expensive and arduous in terms of labour and time. Our MAIN RESEARCH QUESTION therefore is: Is it possible to generate a method to record the location of peatlands under forests at high resolution using RS?.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MohiuddinMund2022, author = {Mohiuddin, Gulam and Mund, Jan-Peter}, title = {Cooling Effect of Urban Green Infrastructure in Urban Areas: A Study using Land Surface Temperature}, series = {Living Planet Symposium 2022}, booktitle = {Living Planet Symposium 2022}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.27721.42083}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5193}, pages = {1}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The poster presents the findings from the study titled "Cooling Effect of Urban Green Infrastructure in Urban Areas: A Study using Land Surface Temperature". The poster was presented on 27 May 2022 at the Living Planet Symposium 2022 in Bonn (Germany).}, language = {en} } @article{TannebergerBirrCouwenbergetal.2022, author = {Tanneberger, Franziska and Birr, Friedrich and Couwenberg, John and Kaiser, Moritz and Luthardt, Vera and Nerger, Monique and Pfister, Sonja and Oppermann, Rainer and Zeitz, Jutta and Beyer, Colja and van der Linden, Sebastian and Wichtmann, Wendelin and N{\"a}rmann, Felix}, title = {Saving soil carbon, greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity and the economy: paludiculture as sustainable land use option in German fen peatlands}, series = {Regional Environmental Change}, volume = {22}, journal = {Regional Environmental Change}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, issn = {1436-3798}, doi = {10.1007/s10113-022-01900-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5003}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Peatlands in the European Union are largely drained for agriculture and emit 25\% of the total agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. Drainage-based peatland use has also negative impacts on water quality, drinking water provision and biodiversity. Consequently, key EU environmental policy objectives include the rewetting of all drained peatlands as an essential nature-based solution. Rewetting of peatlands can be combined with site-adapted land use, so-called paludiculture. Paludiculture produces biomass from wet and rewetted peatlands under conditions that maintain the peat body, facilitate peat accumulation and can provide many of the ecosystem services associated with natural, undrained peatlands. The biomass can be used for a wide range of traditional and innovative food, feed, fibre and fuel products. Based on examples in Germany, we have analysed emerging paludiculture options for temperate Europe with respect to greenhouse gas fluxes, biodiversity and indicative business economics. Best estimates of site emission factors vary between 0 and 8 t CO2eq ha-1 y-1. Suitability maps for four peatland-rich federal states (76\% of total German peatland area) indicate that most of the drained, agriculturally used peatland area could be used for paludiculture, about one-third of the fen area for any paludiculture type. Fen-specific biodiversity benefits from rewetting and paludiculture, if compared to the drained state. Under favourable conditions, paludiculture can be economically viable, but costs and revenues vary considerably. Key recommendations for large-scale implementation are providing planning security by paludiculture spatial planning, establishing best practice sites and strengthening research into crops, water tables and management options.}, language = {en} } @article{WeissLinde2022, author = {Weiss, Fabio and Linde, Andreas}, title = {How to estimate carabid biomass?—an evaluation of size-weight models for ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and perspectives for further improvement}, series = {Journal of Insect Conservation}, volume = {26}, journal = {Journal of Insect Conservation}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, issn = {1366-638X}, doi = {10.1007/s10841-022-00391-6}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4983}, pages = {537 -- 548}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Biomass is an important metric for monitoring carabid populations and serves as an ecological indicator. Models that predict carabid weight based on body size represent a simple and straightforward method to estimate biomass and are therefore commonly used. However, such models are rarely evaluated against independent validation data. In this study, we evaluated the two widely used size-weight models by Szyszko (1983) and Booij et al. (1994) drawing on previously published independent data. Additionally, we developed and tested four new models to also evaluate the potential effect of taxonomic parameters; and compared model predictions with actual measurements of biomass using relative deviation graphs and observed versus predicted from regression. We show that the two models by Szyszko (1983) and Booij et al. (1994) contain systematic bias towards larger and smaller carabids, respectively, suggesting restricted applicability of such models. Additional taxonomic parameters improved weight predictions, indicating one possible solution to the issue of restricted applicability. We discuss further relevant limitations of size-weight models and their application and recommend a combined use of the models of Szyszko (1983) and Booij et al. (1994) for carabids ≥ 11.8 mm and < 11.8 mm, respectively. Implications for insect conservation: Size-weight models are a suitable and simple method to estimate the biomass of carabids and have great potential to be used in monitoring schemes, the investigation of long-term trends and ecological studies. It is, however, essential that researchers pay special attention to potential restrictions in their applicability and methodological limitations.}, language = {en} } @article{MissallAblizHaliketal.2018, author = {Missall, Siegmund and Abliz, Abdulla and Halik, {\"U}m{\"u}t and Thevs, Niels and Welp, Martin}, title = {Trading Natural Riparian Forests for Urban Shelterbelt Plantations—A Sustainability Assessment of the K{\"o}kyar Protection Forest in NW China}, series = {Water}, journal = {Water}, number = {10(3)}, issn = {2073-4441}, doi = {10.3390/w10030343}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5022}, pages = {18}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Cities at the fringe of the Taklimakan desert in NW China are prone to dust and sand storms with serious consequences for human well-being. The K{\"o}kyar Protection Forest was established in the 1980s as an ecological engineering project with the intent of protecting the city of Aksu, NW China, from these impacts. It is designed as a combination of poplar shelterbelts and orchards, irrigated by river water from the Aksu River, the main tributary of the Tarim River. Prevalent literature describes it as an afforestation project for combatting desertification with manifold positive effects for the economic, social, and environmental dimension of sustainable development. This paper sets out to challenge these claims by a sustainability assessment in which the plantation is examined from a broader perspective, embedding it to the wider context of social and environmental problems in South Xinjiang. Methods comprise evapotranspiration calculations, interviews, a socioeconomic household survey, stakeholder dialogues, and literature research. Results affirm its economic sustainability, but see a mixed record for the social sphere. From the nature conservation point of view, it has to be classified as unsustainable because its high irrigation water consumption results in the downstream desiccation and desertification of natural riparian forests along the Tarim River, causing a forest loss in the downstream area twice the size of the forest gain in the upstream area. There is a trade-off between artificial shelterbelt plantations for urban ecosystem services on the one hand side, and natural riparian forests and their biodiversity on the other hand side. The paper recommends restricting agricultural extension, and using locally adapted less water consuming agroforestry schemes to protect urban dwellers from dust stress.}, language = {en} } @article{AngelstamAsplundBastianetal.2021, author = {Angelstam, Per K. and Asplund, Brita and Bastian, Olaf and Engelmark, Ola and Fedoriak, Mariia and Grunewald, Karsten and Ibisch, Pierre L. and Lindvall, Per and Manton, Michael and Nilsson, Magnus and Nilsson, Sten B. and Roberntz, Peter and Shkaruba, Anton and Skoog, Per and Soloviy, Ihor and Svoboda, Miroslav and Teplyakov, Victor and Tivell, Anders and Westholm, Erik and Zhuk, Alina and {\"O}ster, Leif}, title = {Tradition as asset or burden for transitions from forests as cropping systems to multifunctional forest landscapes: Sweden as a case study}, series = {Forest Ecology and Management}, journal = {Forest Ecology and Management}, number = {505}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {0378-1127}, doi = {10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119895}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4789}, pages = {17}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Expectations of what forests and woodlands should provide vary among locations, stakeholder groups, and over time. Developing multifunctional forests requires understanding of the dynamic roles of traditions and cultural legacies in social-ecological systems at multiple levels and scales. Implementing policies about multifunctional forests requires a landscape and social-ecological perspective, and recognition of both spatial and temporal features at multiple scales. This study explores the dissemination of even-aged silviculture in central, eastern and northern Europe, and the consequences of choosing different vantage points in social-ecological systems for mapping of barriers, and to identify levers, towards multifunctional forest landscapes. Using a narrative approach, we first summarise the development of even-aged silviculture in four European regions. Next, we focus on Sweden as a keen adopter of even-aged silviculture, and identify levers at three groups of vantage points. They were (1) biosphere with biodiversity as short-hand for composition, structure and function of ecosystems, which support human well-being at multiple scales; (2) society in terms of different levels of stakeholder interactions from local to global, and (3) economy represented by value chain hierarchies and currencies. The emergence of even-aged silviculture >200 years ago formed an expanding frontier from central to northern Europe. Sustained yield wood production and biodiversity conservation encompass different portfolios of ecosystem aspects and spatio-temporal scales. Ignorance and lack of knowledge about these differences enforce their mutual rivalry. An exploratory review of six groups of stakeholders at multiple levels in the traditional industrial forest value chain highlights inequalities in terms of distribution of income and power across different levels of governance. This effectively marginalises other than powerful industrial actors. The distribution of financial results along the value chain is dynamic in space and time, and not all benefits of forest ecosystems can be measured using monetary valuation. There are also other currencies and incentives. A discussion of cultural trajectories in central and eastern European, Russian and Swedish forest management illustrates that forest history patterns repeat themselves. Longitudinal case studies of countries and regions can help foster holistic multi-dimensional and multi-level systems thinking. Application of deep levers of change is likely to require external drivers. A key challenge is to handle the manufacturing of doubt and decay of truth, i.e., the appearance of alternative facts, and the diminishing role of evidence and systems analyses in political and civic discourses. This transition is fuelled by new and rapidly evolving digital arenas.}, language = {en} } @article{GohrvonWehrdenMayetal.2022, author = {Gohr, Charlotte and von Wehrden, Henrik and May, Felix and Ibisch, Pierre L.}, title = {Remotely sensed effectiveness assessments of protected areas lack a common framework: A review}, series = {Ecosphere}, volume = {13}, journal = {Ecosphere}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {2150-8925}, doi = {10.1002/ecs2.4053}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4799}, pages = {14}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Effective protected areas reflect socio-ecological values, such as biodiversity and habitat maintenance, as well as human well-being. These values, which safeguard ecosystem services in protected areas, are treated as models for the sustainable preservation and use of resources. While there is much research on the effectiveness of protected areas in a variety of disciplines, the question is whether there is a common framework that uses remote sensing methods. We conducted a qualitative and a quantitative analysis of 44 peer-reviewed scientific papers utilizing remote sensing data in order to examine the effectiveness of protected areas. Very few studies to date have a wide or even a global geographical focus; instead, most quantify the effectiveness of protected areas by focusing on local-scale case studies and single indicators such as forest cover change. Methods that help integrate spatial selection approaches, to compare a protected area's characteristics with its surroundings, are increasingly being used. Based on this review, we argue for a multi-indicator-based framework on protected area effectiveness, including the development of a consistent set of socio-ecological indicators for a global analysis. In turn, this will allow for globally applicable use, including a concrete evaluation that considers the diversity of regional parameters, biome-specific variables, and political frameworks. Ideally, such a framework will enhance the monitoring and evaluation of global strategies and conventions.}, language = {en} } @article{SelvaKreftKatietal.2011, author = {Selva, Nuria and Kreft, Stefan and Kati, Vassiliki and Schluck, Martin and Jonsson, Bengt-Gunnar and Mihok, Barbara and Okarma, Henryk and Ibisch, Pierre L.}, title = {Roadless and Low-Traffic Areas as Conservation Targets in Europe}, series = {Environmental Management}, volume = {48}, journal = {Environmental Management}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, issn = {0364-152X}, doi = {10.1007/s00267-011-9751-z}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4856}, pages = {865 -- 877}, year = {2011}, abstract = {With increasing road encroachment, habitat fragmentation by transport infrastructures has been a serious threat for European biodiversity. Areas with no roads or little traffic ("roadless and low-traffic areas") represent relatively undisturbed natural habitats and functioning ecosystems. They provide many benefits for biodiversity and human societies (e.g., landscape connectivity, barrier against pests and invasions, ecosystem services). Roadless and low-traffic areas, with a lower level of anthropogenic disturbances, are of special relevance in Europe because of their rarity and, in the context of climate change, because of their contribution to higher resilience and buffering capacity within landscape ecosystems. An analysis of European legal instruments illustrates that, although most laws aimed at protecting targets which are inherent to fragmentation, like connectivity, ecosystem processes or integrity, roadless areas are widely neglected as a legal target. A case study in Germany underlines this finding. Although the Natura 2000 network covers a significant proportion of the country (16\%), Natura 2000 sites are highly fragmented and most low-traffic areas (75\%) lie unprotected outside this network. This proportion is even higher for the old Federal States (western Germany), where only 20\% of the low-traffic areas are protected. We propose that the few remaining roadless and low-traffic areas in Europe should be an important focus of conservation efforts; they should be urgently inventoried, included more explicitly in the law and accounted for in transport and urban planning. Considering them as complementary conservation targets would represent a concrete step towards the strengthening and adaptation of the Natura 2000 network to climate change.}, language = {en} } @article{PopescuPfriem2020, author = {Popescu, Carmen-Mihaela and Pfriem, Alexander}, title = {Treatments and modification to improve the reaction to fire of wood and wood based products—An overview}, series = {Fire and Materials}, volume = {44}, journal = {Fire and Materials}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {0308-0501}, doi = {10.1002/fam.2779}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4541}, pages = {100 -- 111}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Wood and wood-based products are widely used for structural building elements, but due to their composition, they are susceptible of combusting if exposed to fire. Fire safety is an important issue of building safety, especially when the building's fire load contents enhance the risks of fire spread. Therefore, the involved materials are very important to address the fire safety requirements. When existing timber structures are involved, the most usual way to improve its reaction to fire is to treat wood with fire retardant materials. The idea of this paper is to give an overall overview, on the existing fire-retardant and intumescent coating materials, modification, and treatments that can be applied to wood and wood-based products in order to improve their reaction to fire.}, language = {en} } @article{MahmoodArshadMehmoodetal.2021, author = {Mahmood, Nasir and Arshad, Muhammad and Mehmood, Yasir and Faisal Shahzad, Muhammad and K{\"a}chele, Harald}, title = {Farmers' perceptions and role of institutional arrangements in climate change adaptation: Insights from rainfed Pakistan}, series = {Climate Risk Management}, volume = {32}, journal = {Climate Risk Management}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {2212-0963}, doi = {10.1016/j.crm.2021.100288}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7375}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Rainfed farmers are among the most vulnerable farming communities to climate change in Pakistan because of the heavy reliance of crop farming on rain and of farmers' livelihoods on crop farming. The best and most timely responses against climate change are suitable adaptation measures. Accurately perceiving the risks associated with climate change is an essential factor for planning and then implementing adaptations. Using farm household-level data of 400 rainfed farmers collected through a well-designed and field-tested questionnaire, this study examines the association between various adaptation stages (climate risk perceptions, adaptation planning, and implementation of adaptation) and their determinants using a multivariate probit (MVP) model. The findings indicate that farmers' perceptions of climatic changes are in line with historical climatic data. Climate risk management (CRM) trainings and digital agriculture extension and communication (DAEC) services (indicators of formal institutional arrangements) show a highly significant impact on all adaptation stages. Input market distance, farmer cooperative meetings (an indicator of informal institutional arrangement), off-farm income, education, and number of male family members are among the other key determinants. A highly significant association between various adaptation stages indicates that accurate climate risk perceptions lead to planning and implementation of adaptations. When risk perceptions are underestimated or lacking, then adaptations do not occur. The results further indicate that the timely availability of reliable information on advanced agricultural inputs, weather parameters, crop farming advisory services, and market information could help rainfed farmers devise sound adaptations to minimize risks associated with climate change. The study recommends the provision of CRM trainings and DAEC services to provide a better understanding and promote sound adaptation planning through the adaptive capacity enhancement of rainfed farming communities for sustainable production and livelihood security.}, language = {en} } @article{CremerBlasko2017, author = {Cremer, Tobias and Blasko, Lubomir}, title = {Analyse der fotooptischen Vermessung von Kiefernstamm- und -industrieholz im Vergleich zum Sektionsraumaß}, series = {Allgemeine Forst- und Jagdzeitung}, volume = {188}, journal = {Allgemeine Forst- und Jagdzeitung}, number = {7/8}, publisher = {J. D. Sauerl{\"a}nder}, issn = {0002-5852}, doi = {10.23765/afjz0002008}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4551}, pages = {127 -- 139}, year = {2017}, language = {de} } @article{BartschSchleierSchultzSternbergetal.2013, author = {Bartsch, Robert and Schleier, Caroline and Schultz-Sternberg, R{\"u}diger and Ritschel, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Auswirkungen der Klimaver{\"a}nderungen auf die brandenburgischen B{\"o}den - Expertengespr{\"a}che und Literaturrecherche}, series = {Archiv f{\"u}r Forstwesen und Landschafts{\"o}kologie}, journal = {Archiv f{\"u}r Forstwesen und Landschafts{\"o}kologie}, editor = {Landeskompetenzzentrum Forst Eberswalde (LFE), and Hochschule f{\"u}r nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde (FH),}, issn = {1862-4669}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4508}, pages = {14}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Im Rahmen des Projektes „Brandenburg spezifische Boden-Indikatoren f{\"u}r ein Klimamonitoring im Rahmen der Deutschen Anpassungsstrategie (DAS) sowie Zusammenstellung von aussagef{\"a}higen Wirkungs- und Alarmschwellen" sind Kenntnisse {\"u}ber die spezifische Gef{\"a}hrdung der Brandenburger B{\"o}den zusammengestellt worden. Basierend auf den Prognosen von Gerstengarbe et al. (2003) und Zebisch et al. (2005) wird Brandenburg durch die prognostizierten Klimaver{\"a}nderungen besonders betroffen sein. Diese werden sich vor allem in Ver{\"a}nderungen in Niederschlagsverteilungen, Niederschlagsformen und steigenden Temperaturen {\"a}ußern. Besonders die Umverteilung der Niederschl{\"a}ge und steigende Temperaturen im Winterhalbjahr k{\"o}nnen den Wasserhaushalt des Bodens negativ beeinflussen (Linke et al., 2011). Eine Verringerung der Niederschl{\"a}ge im Sommerhalbjahr wird deutlich erkennbare Auswirkungen auf die bisher betriebene Landwirtschaft haben. Aufgrund der Ver{\"a}nderungen der Niederschlagsformen, mit zunehmenden Starkniederschl{\"a}gen, ist mit h{\"a}ufigerem Auftreten von Bodenerosion sowie von lokalen und regionalen Hochwasserereignissen zu rechnen. Die befragten Experten betonen, dass im Boden Nutzungs{\"a}nderungen voraussichtlich wesentlich st{\"a}rker und schneller sichtbar werden als durch {\"A}nderungen im Klima. Dadurch kann ein negativer Einfluss der Klimaver{\"a}nderungen durch fr{\"u}hzeitige Nutzungsanpassung kompensiert werden.}, language = {de} } @article{deMiguelDiezRederWalloretal.2022, author = {de Miguel-D{\´i}ez, Felipe and Reder, Stefan and Wallor, Evelyn and Bahr, Henrik and Blasko, Lubomir and Mund, Jan-Peter and Cremer, Tobias}, title = {Further application of using a personal laser scanner and simultaneous localization and mapping technology to estimate the log's volume and its comparison with traditional methods}, series = {International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation}, journal = {International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation}, number = {109}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {1872-826X}, doi = {10.1016/j.jag.2022.102779}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4496}, pages = {7}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The aim of this study was the development of a methodical processing line for estimating the log's volume from scanning logs using a long-range high-speed personal laser scanner (PLS) GeoSLAM ZEB HORIZON and simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) technology in an open-source software framework of Cloud Compare. Additionally, the accuracy and precision of using PLS and the suggested method when measuring roundwood volume was examined compared to measurements made using a xylometer and estimations obtained from applying the formulae of Huber, Smalian and Newton. For this purpose, several parameters were measured in 50 logs of Norway spruce with an average length of 2.53 m and a mean diameter of 19.97 cm. Afterwards, the volume of these 50 logs was measured with a xylometer. The results of these measurements served as reference values. The same 50 logs were subsequently scanned with the PLS. The scans were converted into point clouds and were analyzed in Cloud Compare to estimate the volume of the scanned logs. Next, the root mean square error (RMSE) and the mean bias error (MBE) as well as their relative values were calculated for the volumes determined in Cloud Compare and estimated with the above mentioned formulae. The calculated RMSE (and relative RMSE) determined a deviation of the logs' volumes estimated in Cloud Compare from the xylometric volumes of 2.88 dm3 (3.54\%) whereas the deviations of the log's volumes calculated applying the formulae of Huber, Smalian and Newton from the xylometric volumes were respectively 9.63 dm3 (11.83\%), 10.33 dm3 (12.69\%) and 4.69 dm3 (5.76\%). The calculated MBE (and relative MBE) showed that the estimated volumes in Cloud Compare and those using the formulae were overestimated, with the lowest overestimation of 0.10 dm3 (0.12\%) in Cloud Compare and the highest, 5.50 dm3 (6.75\%), using the Smalian formula. Therefore, it can be stated that results of suggested methodical processing line came closest to the logs' volumes obtained with the xylometer, i.e., they were more accurate and precise compared to the conventionally formulae for log's volume estimation. The implementation of this method has the potential filling a gap towards a wall-to-wall complete digitization of the roundwood commercialization and ensure transparency and acceptance between the stakeholders involved in the wood supply chain.}, language = {en} } @article{deMiguelDiezPettenkoferWalloretal.2022, author = {de Miguel-D{\´i}ez, Felipe and Pettenkofer, Tim and Wallor, Evelyn and Tolosana-Esteban, Eduardo and Purf{\"u}rst, Thomas and Cremer, Tobias}, title = {Influence of log and stack parameters on the conversion factors for Norway Spruce wood stacks using a 3D simulation model}, series = {International Journal of Forest Engineering}, volume = {33}, journal = {International Journal of Forest Engineering}, number = {2}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, issn = {1494-2119}, doi = {10.1080/14942119.2022.2038023}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4482}, pages = {119 -- 128}, year = {2022}, abstract = {One method for estimating the solid wood content in a stack involves using conversion factors and multiplying these by the measured gross volume. The conversion factors can vary depending on several log and stack parameters. The aim of this study was to analyze eleven parameters using a 3D simulation model based on 541 measured logs of Norway spruce. To this end, 50 data sets were created from measured logs, where the parameters of interest in this study (e.g., length, crookedness, taper …) were classified according to different ranges. After that, 64 runs of simulations were carried out. In each simulation run, 150 stacks were modeled. The simulation results were compared with previous studies and with the measurement guidelines of several countries. This analysis revealed that the parameters midpoint diameter, length, crookedness, delimbing quality and the proportion of moderately and highly crooked logs in a stack have a considerable influence on the conversion factors. Taper, proportion of butt logs in a stack and stack height have a modest effect as do the proportion of tapered and crooked logs for low and high taper and low crookedness. In contrast, ovality and the proportion of logs stacked in opposite directions have a marginal influence on the conversion factors. Based on findings from these analyses, the current measurement guidelines of different countries can now be adapted to achieve a higher degree of accuracy.}, language = {en} } @article{MarselleHartigCoxetal.2021, author = {Marselle, Melissa R. and Hartig, Terry and Cox, Daniel T.C. and de Bell, Si{\^a}n and Knapp, Sonja and Lindley, Sarah and Triguero-Mas, Margarita and B{\"o}hning-Gaese, Katrin and Braubach, Matthias and Cook, Penny A. and de Vries, Sjerp and Heintz-Buschart, Anna and Hofmann, Max and Irvine, Katherine N. and Kabisch, Nadja and Kolek, Franziska and Kraemer, Roland and Markevych, Iana and Martens, D{\"o}rte and M{\"u}ller, Ruth and Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark and Potts, Jacqueline M. and Stadler, Jutta and Walton, Samantha and Warber, Sara L. and Bonn, Aletta}, title = {Pathways linking biodiversity to human health: A conceptual framework}, series = {Environment International}, volume = {150}, journal = {Environment International}, issn = {0160-4120}, doi = {10.1016/j.envint.2021.106420}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5624}, pages = {22}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Biodiversity is a cornerstone of human health and well-being. However, while evidence of the contributions of nature to human health is rapidly building, research into how biodiversity relates to human health remains limited in important respects. In particular, a better mechanistic understanding of the range of pathways through which biodiversity can influence human health is needed. These pathways relate to both psychological and social processes as well as biophysical processes. Building on evidence from across the natural, social and health sciences, we present a conceptual framework organizing the pathways linking biodiversity to human health. Four domains of pathways—both beneficial as well as harmful—link biodiversity with human health: (i) reducing harm (e.g. provision of medicines, decreasing exposure to air and noise pollution); (ii) restoring capacities (e.g. attention restoration, stress reduction); (iii) building capacities (e.g. promoting physical activity, transcendent experiences); and (iv) causing harm (e.g. dangerous wildlife, zoonotic diseases, allergens). We discuss how to test components of the biodiversity-health framework with available analytical approaches and existing datasets. In a world with accelerating declines in biodiversity, profound land-use change, and an increase in non-communicable and zoonotic diseases globally, greater understanding of these pathways can reinforce biodiversity conservation as a strategy for the promotion of health for both people and nature. We conclude by identifying research avenues and recommendations for policy and practice to foster biodiversity-focused public health actions.}, language = {en} } @article{BerendtBajalanWenigetal.2023, author = {Berendt, Ferr{\´e}ol and Bajalan, Iman and Wenig, Charlett and Hinds, Charlotte and Blaško, Ľubom{\´i}r and Cremer, Tobias}, title = {Estimation of Scots pine bark biomass delivered to the wood industry in Northern Germany}, series = {Central European Forestry Journal}, volume = {69}, journal = {Central European Forestry Journal}, number = {2}, publisher = {Sciendo}, issn = {2454-0358}, doi = {10.2478/forj-2022-0019}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6126}, pages = {89 -- 97}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is the most widely distributed pine species in the world. In Germany, as in many other European countries, it is a very important species both culturally and economically. Few studies have focused on bark volumes being delivered to the wood industry together with the roundwood, being potentially a valuable resource for material or energetic utilization. Therefore, logs from six different forest sites were collected and bark variables including double bark thickness (DBT) in three different categories, diameter, and bark damage (as a degree of miss-DBT) in three different categories, diameter, and bark damage (as a degree of miss-ing bark) were measured and analyzed in order to model bark volume (Vbark) and bark mass (Mbark). The correlation analysis using Pearson's method showed that the highest correlation coefficients were observed from the correla-tion between DBT and Vbark, as well as between DBT and Mbark. Also, results demonstrated that with DBT greater than 20 mm, the percentage of Vbark exceeded 20\%. Finally, different linear regression models were recommended to predict Vbark and Mbark based on the other variables. The results of this study can be used in different wood industries in order to predict bark volume and bark mass of e.g. truckloads or roundwood stacks.}, language = {en} } @article{BartkowskiBartkeHelmingetal.2020, author = {Bartkowski, Bartosz and Bartke, Stephan and Helming, Katharina and Paul, Carsten and Techen, Anja-Kristina and Hansj{\"u}rgens, Bernd}, title = {Potential of the economic valuation of soil-based ecosystem services to inform sustainable soil management and policy}, series = {PeerJ}, journal = {PeerJ}, doi = {10.7717/peerj.8749}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6319}, pages = {31}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The concept of ecosystem services, especially in combination with economic valuation, can illuminate trade-offs involved in soil management, policy and governance, and thus support decision making. In this paper, we investigate and highlight the potential and limitations of the economic valuation of soil-based ecosystem services to inform sustainable soil management and policy. We formulate a definition of soil-based ecosystem services as basis for conducting a review of existing soil valuation studies with a focus on the inclusion of ecosystem services and the choice of valuation methods. We find that, so far, the economic valuation of soil-based ecosystem services has covered only a small number of such services and most studies have employed cost-based methods rather than state-of-the-art preference-based valuation methods, even though the latter would better acknowledge the public good character of soil related services. Therefore, the relevance of existing valuation studies for political processes is low. Broadening the spectrum of analyzed ecosystem services as well as using preference-based methods would likely increase the informational quality and policy relevance of valuation results. We point out options for improvement based on recent advances in economic valuation theory and practice. We conclude by investigating the specific roles economic valuation results can play in different phases of the policy-making process, and the specific requirements for its usefulness in this context.}, language = {en} } @article{HirlOgeeOstleretal.2021, author = {Hirl, Regina T. and Og{\´e}e, J{\´e}r{\^o}me and Ostler, Ulrike and Sch{\"a}ufele, Rudi and Baca Cabrera, Juan C. and Zhu, Jianjun and Schleip, Inga and Wingate, Lisa and Schnyder, Hans}, title = {Temperature-sensitive biochemical 18O-fractionation and humidity-dependent attenuation factor are needed to predict δ18O of cellulose from leaf water in a grassland ecosystem}, series = {New Phytologist}, volume = {229}, journal = {New Phytologist}, number = {6}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {0028-646X}, doi = {10.1111/nph.17111}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5700}, pages = {3156 -- 3171}, year = {2021}, abstract = {We explore here our mechanistic understanding of the environmental and physiological processes that determine the oxygen isotope composition of leaf cellulose (δ18Ocellulose) in a drought-prone, temperate grassland ecosystem. A new allocation-and-growth model was designed and added to an 18O-enabled soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer model (MuSICA) to predict seasonal (April-October) and multi-annual (2007-2012) variation of δ18Ocellulose and 18O-enrichment of leaf cellulose (Δ18Ocellulose) based on the Barbour-Farquhar model. Modelled δ18Ocellulose agreed best with observations when integrated over c. 400 growing-degree-days, similar to the average leaf lifespan observed at the site. Over the integration time, air temperature ranged from 7 to 22°C and midday relative humidity from 47 to 73\%. Model agreement with observations of δ18Ocellulose (R2 = 0.57) and Δ18Ocellulose (R2 = 0.74), and their negative relationship with canopy conductance, was improved significantly when both the biochemical 18O-fractionation between water and substrate for cellulose synthesis (εbio, range 26-30 per mille) was temperature-sensitive, as previously reported for aquatic plants and heterotrophically grown wheat seedlings, and the proportion of oxygen in cellulose reflecting leaf water 18O-enrichment (1 - pexpx, range 0.23-0.63) was dependent on air relative humidity, as observed in independent controlled experiments with grasses. Understanding physiological information in δ18Ocellulose requires quantitative knowledge of climatic effects on pexpx and εbio.}, language = {en} } @article{SchwarzBapstHolingeretal.2020, author = {Schwarz, Katharina and Bapst, Beat and Holinger, Mirjam and Th{\"u}er, Susann and Schleip, Inga and Werne, Steffen}, title = {Potentials of using milk performance data and FAMACHA score as indicators for Targeted Selective Treatment in Lacaune dairy sheep in Switzerland}, series = {Veterinary Parasitology}, journal = {Veterinary Parasitology}, number = {277}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {0304-4017}, doi = {10.1016/j.vpoa.2020.100030}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5698}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Targeted Selective Treatment (TST) is one approach to slow down the development of anthelmintic resistance. Its success is closely linked to the correct identification of animals in need of treatment. In dairy goats it has been proposed to use milk yield as TST indicator and to focus treatments on high yielding dairy goats. In dairy sheep the relationship between milk performance and infection with gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) is not well known. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between milk yield and GIN infection in dairy sheep and based on this, to evaluate milk performance data as a potential TST indicator. Overall 1159 Lacaune ewes of 15 dairy sheep farms in Switzerland were included in the study. The ewes were phenotyped once between August and December 2019, when they were at least 70 days in milk (DIM). Individual faecal samples were taken from every ewe to determine the nematode egg concentration per gram faeces (EPG). In addition, the clinical parameters FAMACHA score and packed cell volume (PCV) were measured. Linear mixed models were used to analyse the effects of the collected parameters on EPG. EPG increased significantly with increasing test day milk yields (P = 0.002), indicating high yielding ewes to be less resistant to GIN infections than low yielding ewes. The effect was most pronounced in earlier lactation but remained within a moderate range. Overall, our results indicated the potential of using milk yield data of rather early lactation as TST indicator in dairy sheep. On farms with predominantly H. contortus the combination with FAMACHA might improve the correct identification of highly infected ewes, as FAMACHA was correlated with EPG (r = 0.37, P < 0.001).}, language = {en} } @article{BoseGesslerBolteetal.2020, author = {Bose, Arun K. and Gessler, Arthur and Bolte, Andreas and Bottero, Alessandra and Buras, Allan and Cailleret, Maxime and Camarero, J. Julio and Haeni, Matthias and Here{\c{s}}, Ana-Maria and Hevia, Andrea and L{\´e}vesque, Mathieu and Linares, Juan C. and Martinez-Vilalta, Jordi and Mat{\´i}as, Luis and Menzel, Annette and S{\´a}nchez-Salguero, Ra{\´u}l and Saurer, Matthias and Vennetier, Michel and Ziche, Daniel and Rigling, Andreas}, title = {Growth and resilience responses of Scots pine to extreme droughts across Europe depend on predrought growth conditions}, series = {Global Change Biology}, volume = {26}, journal = {Global Change Biology}, number = {8}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {1365-2486}, doi = {10.1111/gcb.15153}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5496}, pages = {4521 -- 4537}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Global climate change is expected to further raise the frequency and severity of extreme events, such as droughts. The effects of extreme droughts on trees are difficult to disentangle given the inherent complexity of drought events (frequency, severity, duration, and timing during the growing season). Besides, drought effects might be modulated by trees' phenotypic variability, which is, in turn, affected by long-term local selective pressures and management legacies. Here we investigated the magnitude and the temporal changes of tree-level resilience (i.e., resistance, recovery, and resilience) to extreme droughts. Moreover, we assessed the tree-, site-, and drought-related factors and their interactions driving the tree-level resilience to extreme droughts. We used a tree-ring network of the widely distributed Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) along a 2,800 km latitudinal gradient from southern Spain to northern Germany. We found that the resilience to extreme drought decreased in mid-elevation and low productivity sites from 1980-1999 to 2000-2011 likely due to more frequent and severe droughts in the later period. Our study showed that the impact of drought on tree-level resilience was not dependent on its latitudinal location, but rather on the type of sites trees were growing at and on their growth performances (i.e., magnitude and variability of growth) during the predrought period. We found significant interactive effects between drought duration and tree growth prior to drought, suggesting that Scots pine trees with higher magnitude and variability of growth in the long term are more vulnerable to long and severe droughts. Moreover, our results indicate that Scots pine trees that experienced more frequent droughts over the long-term were less resistant to extreme droughts. We, therefore, conclude that the physiological resilience to extreme droughts might be constrained by their growth prior to drought, and that more frequent and longer drought periods may overstrain their potential for acclimation.}, language = {en} } @article{JochheimLuettschwagerRiek2022, author = {Jochheim, Hubert and L{\"u}ttschwager, Dietmar and Riek, Winfried}, title = {Stem distance as an explanatory variable for the spatial distribution and chemical conditions of stand precipitation and soil solution under beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees}, series = {Journal of Hydrology}, journal = {Journal of Hydrology}, number = {608}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {0022-1694}, doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127629}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5306}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The partitioning of bulk precipitation (PR) in forest ecosystems and its chemical composition depends on both meteorological factors, such as precipitation amount and intensity, evaporation rate, and wind speed, and stand structural factors, such as stand density, canopy structure, bark texture, and spatiotemporal distribution and density of foliage. We analysed fluxes of water and element contained therein of a mature European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forest stand on sandy soils in northeastern Germany. We applied a radially symmetrical setup within a stem distance gradient to measure stand precipitation (SP) with its components of throughfall (TF) and stemflow (SF), as well as to measure soil moisture, the chemical composition of the soil solution, the soil chemistry, and the fine root distribution. The chemical analysis of the constituents covered the macroelements (Ca, Mg, K, Na, Al, Fe, Mn, Si, S, P), the cations and anions NH4+, NO3-, Cl-, SO42-, and a few heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn). With an average PR of 620 mm a-1, the partitioning resulted in 79\% TF, 6\% SF, and 15\% canopy interception. TF volume increased with distance to stem during summer, but decreased during winter. Clear spatial gradients with increasing concentrations from PR, to different classes of TF as the distance from the trunk decreased, to SF were observed for nearly all elements. The contact of precipitation with leaves and the canopy structures alters the chemical composition of TF and SF by transferring elements from dry deposition or leaching of intracellular materials from the canopy and leads to the input of larger amounts of macroelements and heavy metals with the SP into the soil. Spatial patterns of canopy structures thus affect the spatial variation of TF and its constituents, which also affects the spatial distribution of roots and, at least in phases, the chemical composition of the topsoil solution.}, language = {en} } @misc{ZicheGruenebergRieketal.2022, author = {Ziche, Daniel and Gr{\"u}neberg, Erik and Riek, Winfried and Wellbrock, Nicole}, title = {Vergleich der Daten der LUCAS 2015-Inventur und der zweiten Bodenzustandserhebung im Wald : Untersuchungen zur Vergleichbarkeit und Repr{\"a}sentanz zweier bodenkundlicher Inventuren in Deutschland}, series = {Th{\"u}nen Report; 94}, journal = {Th{\"u}nen Report; 94}, editor = {Johann Heinrich von Th{\"u}nen-Institut,}, publisher = {Th{\"u}nen-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut f{\"u}r L{\"a}ndliche R{\"a}ume, Wald und Fischerei}, isbn = {978-3-86576-239-9}, issn = {2196-2324}, doi = {10.3220/REP1651759791000}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5314}, pages = {62}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Die Produktivit{\"a}t von Wald{\"o}kosystemen wird durch die Bereitstellung von N{\"a}hrstoffen und Wasser gew{\"a}hrleistet. Somit ist das Wissen {\"u}ber die chemischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften der B{\"o}den essentiell sowohl zur Beurteilung des Bodenzustands als auch der G{\"u}te des Waldstandorts. Hierf{\"u}r k{\"o}nnen Daten aus zwei bundesweiten Bodenzustandserhebung im Wald (BZE-Wald) von {\"u}ber 1.800 Probepunkten eines 8 x 8 km-Grundrasters herangezogen werden. Die Erhebungen fanden zwischen 1986 bis 1994 (BZE I-Wald) und 2006 bis 2008 (BZE II-Wald) nach einheitlichem Aufnahmeverfahren statt. Das LUCAS-Projekts zielt auf die Erstellung eines harmonisierten Datensatz zur Landbedeckung und Landnutzung innerhalb der Europ{\"a}ischen Union (EU). Das Europ{\"a}ische Datenzentrum (ESDAC) stellt 265.000 georeferenzierte Punkte auf einem 2 x 2 km-Raster bereit, die jeweils in den Jahren 2009 und 2015 an 10 \% der Punkte am gleichen Standort beprobt wurden. Angesichts von zwei parallellaufender Bodeninventuren stellt sich die Frage einer potentiellen Verkn{\"u}pfung miteinander. In dieser Studie werden die LUCAS-Bodendaten der Inventur des Jahres 2015 mit den entsprechenden bundesweiten BZE-Daten verglichen und auf ihre Repr{\"a}sentativit{\"a}t {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft. Um eine fl{\"a}chengewichtete Hochrechnung f{\"u}r Deutschland zu erm{\"o}glichen, erfolgte eine Zordnung der Inventurpunkte des LUCAS-Programms anhand ihrer Koordinaten zu den bei der bundesweiten BZE-Auswertung verwendeten 16 BZE-Substratklassen. Alle Klassen wurden hinsichtlich signifikanter und systematischer Unterschiede zwischen beiden Inventuren {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus wurden die BZE-Daten dahingehend evaluiert, inwieweit die ausschließlich im LUCAS Programm verwendete Tiefenstufe 0-20 cm im Vergleich zum Mineralboden bis in 90 cm Tiefe und der Humusauflage bei der Berechnung von Vorr{\"a}ten zukommt. Der Vergleich der bodenchemischen Kennwerte ergab deutliche Unterschiede zwischen den Inventuren. Sowohl die pH(H2O)-Werte als auch die C/N-Verh{\"a}ltnisse waren bei LUCAS 2015 niedriger, die Konzentrationen von C und N jedoch h{\"o}her als bei der BZE II. Die Vorr{\"a}te an Kohlenstoff und Sticksoff weisen noch gr{\"o}ßere Abweichungen gegen{\"u}ber der BZE II aufgrund der Unsicherheiten bei der Ableitung von Trockenrohdichten aus Kartenmaterial auf. Im Gegensatz dazu erfolgte durch die BZE II eine volumenbezogene Beprobung an fast allen Standorten. Eine Ableitung von Trockenrohdichten aus Kartenmaterial f{\"u}hrt bei der LUCAS-Inventur zu einer hohen Unsicherheit der Ergebnisse und zu einer {\"U}bersch{\"a}tzung von Vorrats{\"a}nderungen. Die h{\"o}heren Kohlenstoff- und Stickstoffkonzentrationen bei der LUCAS-Inventur k{\"o}nnte an einer unzureichend genauen Trennung der organischen Auflage vom Mineralboden liegen, da dieser durch Bestandteile der Auflage aufkonzentriert w{\"u}rde. W{\"a}hrend der Erhebung der BZE-Wald wurde explizit auf die systematische Trennung beider Kompartimente geachtet. Weiterhin steht die Anzahl der beprobten LUCAS-Waldpunkte im Missverh{\"a}ltnis zur Waldfl{\"a}che, da in Nord- und S{\"u}ddeutschland zu wenig Probepunkte vorkamen. Allerdings sind die Waldanteile der LUCAS-Gesamtinventur mit denen der dritten Bundeswaldinventur vergleichbar. Die Stichprobengr{\"o}ße von LUCAS 2015 umfasst etwa 25 \% der BZE II-Stichprobe. Hierdurch sind einige Substrattypen nur unzureichend belegt, weshalb zum einen wesentliche Bodeneigenschaften unber{\"u}cksichtigt blieben und andererseits eine fl{\"a}chengewichtete Hochrechnung erschwert werden w{\"u}rde. Infolge der geringeren Stichprobe weichen die bodenchemischen Kennwerte der einzelnen Substratgruppen zwischen den Messnetzen ab. Außerdem erh{\"o}hen sich die Unsicherheiten durch die Reduzierung der Stichprobe. Somit ließen sich Bodenver{\"a}nderungen bei einer Wiederholungsinventur schwerer detektieren. Die Daten aus den Bodeninventuren sind f{\"u}r die Treibhausgasberichterstattung relevant, da Kohlenstoffvorr{\"a}ten f{\"u}r die organische Auflage und f{\"u}r den Mineralboden bis zu einer Tiefe von mindestens 30 cm zu berichten sind. Im Mittel werden nach den Daten der BZE II 16 \% des bis 90 cm Tiefe vorkommenden Kohlenstoffs in der Auflage gespeichert, wobei diese mit der LUCAS-Inventur nicht beprobt wurde. Der in der organischen Auflage gebundene Kohlenstoff ist vulnerabel gegen{\"u}ber Klima- und Umwelteinfl{\"u}ssen, so dass eine Auswertung diesbez{\"u}glich nicht m{\"o}glich ist. Weiterhin wurde bei LUCAS 2015 nur die oberen 20 cm des Mineralbodens beprobt und damit lediglich 42 \% des bei der BZE II abgesch{\"a}tzten Kohlenstoffs erfasst. Durch das Fehlen der Auflage und die geringere Tiefe sind die Daten aus LUCAS 2015 nur eingeschr{\"a}nkt f{\"u}r die Treibhausgasberichterstattung nutzbar. Aufgrund einer geringeren Repr{\"a}sentativit{\"a}t sowie gr{\"o}ßeren Unsicherheiten und Diskrepanzen von LUCAS 2015 gegen{\"u}ber der BZE im Wald w{\"u}rde eine Vereinigung beider Datens{\"a}tze keine zus{\"a}tzlichen Synergien erzeugen.}, language = {de} } @article{NoeltingKoenigZimmermannetal.2022, author = {N{\"o}lting, Benjamin and K{\"o}nig, Bettina and Zimmermann, Anne B. and Di Giulio, Antonietta and Sch{\"a}fer, Martina and Schneider, Flurina}, title = {Dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic: an opportunity to reflect on sustainability research}, series = {Sustainability Management Forum | NachhaltigkeitsManagementForum}, volume = {30}, journal = {Sustainability Management Forum | NachhaltigkeitsManagementForum}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, issn = {2948-1627}, doi = {10.1007/s00550-022-00528-w}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5254}, pages = {11 -- 27}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has jolted societies out of normality, possibly creating new conditions for sustainability transformations. What does this mean for sustainability research? Because of the scope of the crisis, researchers have been heavily involved: not only have they had to speed up the pace of scientific production to provide urgently needed COVID-19 knowledge, but they have also been affected citizens. For sustainability science, this calls for an experience-based reflection on the positionality and orientation of research aiming to support sustainability transformations. Twenty sustainability researchers discussed their sustainability research on COVID-19 in three workshops based on the following questions: How does the pandemic—and the measures taken to deal with it—affect sustainable development? What can we learn from the pandemic from the perspective of societal transformation? The present discussion paper emerged from this multidisciplinary exchange among sustainability researchers, considering five topics: impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on sustainability transformations; learning for sustainability transformations; the role of solidarity; governance and political steering; and the role of science in society. Our discussions led to a meta-level reflection on what sustainability research can learn from research on COVID-19 regarding topics and disciplinary angles, time dimensions, the role of researchers, and how adequate preparation for both crises and long-term transformations requires interdisciplinary interaction.}, language = {en} } @book{RiekRuss2020, author = {Riek, Winfried and Russ, Alexander}, title = {Zustand der Waldb{\"o}den im Land Brandenburg : Praxisempfehlungen f{\"u}r die nachhaltige und bodenpflegliche Bewirtschaftung der W{\"a}lder}, editor = {Ministerium f{\"u}r Landwirtschaft, Umwelt und Klimaschutz des Landes Brandenburg; Landesbetrieb Forst Brandenburg,}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5294}, publisher = {Hochschule f{\"u}r nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde}, pages = {38}, year = {2020}, language = {de} } @article{WinklerSchwarzSenge2020, author = {Winkler, Christoph and Schwarz, Ulrich and Senge, Bernhard}, title = {Materialwissenschaftliche Analyse des Abbindeverhaltens von Holzklebstoffen am Beispiel von 1K-PUR}, series = {Chemie Ingenieur Technik}, volume = {92}, journal = {Chemie Ingenieur Technik}, number = {6}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {0009-286X}, doi = {10.1002/cite.201900171}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5323}, pages = {759 -- 768}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Das Abbinden von Holzklebstoffen wird bisher anhand von Parametern bewertet, die kaum eine prozesstechnische Optimierung erm{\"o}glichen. Mithilfe von Oszillationsmessungen und einem an dem Klebeprozess angepassten Versuchsaufbau kann dieser jedoch detailliert erfasst werden. Am Beispiel durchgef{\"u}hrter Timesweep-Messungen kann der Klebeprozess in charakteristische Bereiche molekularer und struktureller Abl{\"a}ufe eingeteilt werden. Diese Methode wird anhand eines Polyurethan-Prepolymers zum F{\"u}gen von Holzwerkstoffen dargestellt und analysiert.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{RussRiekWessolek2021, author = {Russ, Alexander and Riek, Winfried and Wessolek, Gerd}, title = {Mapping of soil carbon stocks using scorpan modelling and relative depth gradients}, series = {Pedometrics in an uncertain time and world}, booktitle = {Pedometrics in an uncertain time and world}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.19056.99845}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5286}, pages = {1}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Nowadays regional data on forest soil properties are increasingly demanded for various questions concerning forest management practices like tree species selection, liming, harvest intensity or the detection of risk areas. Thus data related to climate change and its site specific drought effects on one hand and current soil nutrient status on the other is especially required to support decision making. Besides soil texture, soil organic carbon is one of the most important key factors controlling soil nutrient status (eg. cation-exchange capacity) and soil water storage (e.g. field capacity) in the glacial deposits of north eastern lowlands. In contrast to soil texture, which can be considered as stable over periods relevant to practical forest management, for mapping soil organic carbon and its distribution throughout the soil profile a more dynamic regionalization approach considering contemporary measurements is needed. For this purpose, data on contemporary soil organic carbon stocks is taken from the second National Forest Soil Inventory and additional regional sampling points in Brandenburg (Germany). Potential covariates representing the soil forming factors: parent material, organisms (vegetation), age, relief and climate are obtained with high spatial resolution from forest site mapping, forest inventory, digital terrain analysis and climate models. The proposed regionalization approach captures the concepts of SCORPAN modelling and depth functions. While for estimation of carbon stocks in the entire soil solum stepwise regression analysis and geostatistical techniques are involved, the methodology to derive and map relative depth functions is based on cluster analysis and classification tree approach. The intended benefits by splitting regionalisation into plot level and relative vertical depth gradients are to ensure consistency of solum stocks and single soil depths and to avoid the construction of artificial depth gradients. Furthermore, the procedure allows a straightforward interpretation of covariates in the sense of pedogenetic processes, which: (a) supports variable selection and exclusion of spurious covariates during model development and (b) may provide direct decision support regarding environmental and management effects on soil organic carbon. The obtained statistical models contain covariates related to all five soil forming factors. But, the conducted analyses especially point towards high influences of depth to groundwater table and mean slope of catchment area on soil organic carbon storage. Invoking geostatistical techniques shows no remaining variation, to be explained by spatial position and thus don't improve overall model performance. Cluster analysis of relative depth gradients results in five Clusters of acceptable heterogeneity. The highest differences between the clusters are observed across the portions of carbon stored in the forest floor. Relative depth gradients are especially distinguished by tree species composition and stand age.}, language = {en} } @article{MannLoftHernandezMorcillo2021, author = {Mann, Carsten and Loft, Lasse and Hern{\´a}ndez-Morcillo, M{\´o}nica}, title = {Assessing forest governance innovations in Europe: Needs, challenges and ways forward for sustainable forest ecosystem service provision}, series = {Ecosystem Services}, journal = {Ecosystem Services}, number = {52}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {2212-0416}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101384}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4731}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This Special Issue provides insights into conceptual approaches, methodological procedures and practice findings for the development and assessment of governance innovations for the sustainable provision of forest ecosystem services (FES) in Europe. We depart from the observation that the sustainable and balanced provision of FES requires novel policy, management and business approaches that need to overcome challenges in order to emerge, develop and flourish. These challenges are rooted in the diversity of forest ecosystems and institutional contexts, a lack of system understanding, of innovation dynamics, the public good character of many FES, and a production-oriented reference frame for forest management. We use a set of good governance innovation practices in form of new actor alliances and payment schemes as a basis for assessment and learning how to promote different kinds or bundles of FES. The contributing authors of the SI combine several methodological approaches to understand the working conditions of such innovations, including integrated mapping, stakeholder and governance analysis, and a forward-looking scenario approach for innovation assessment. Applying multi-methods and multi-actor approaches fruitfully orchestrated a constructive debate among stakeholders on the chances and challenges of governance innovations in Europe, to allow for their uptake in forest policy, business and practice.}, language = {en} } @article{WaibelBloebaumMatthiesetal.2020, author = {Waibel, Michael and Bl{\"o}baum, Anke and Matthies, Ellen and Schwede, Dirk and Messerschmidt, Rolf and Mund, Jan-Peter and Katzschner, Lutz and Jayaweera, Ravi and Becker, Annalena and Karagianni, Christina and McKenna, Amelie and Lambrecht, Oliver and Rivera, Marcelo and Kupski, Sebastian}, title = {Enhancing Quality of Life through Sustainable Urban Transformation in Cambodia: Introduction to the Build4People Project}, series = {Insight: Cambodia Journal of Basic and Applied Research}, volume = {2}, journal = {Insight: Cambodia Journal of Basic and Applied Research}, number = {2}, issn = {2790-3508}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5140}, pages = {199 -- 233}, year = {2020}, abstract = {This policy brief introduces preliminary research results of the Build4People project, funded by the German government as part of the multi-phase focus programme "Sustainable Development of Urban Regions". Furthermore, the research agenda of the upcoming main four-year Research and Development phase (RD phase) will be introduced based on insights gained in previous shorter funding periods. The Build4People research consortium consists of representatives from four German universities and two German companies with their respective research, implementation and dissemination partners in the Kingdom of Cambodia. Build4People's rationale is based on Phnom Penh's dynamic economic growth, which is coupled with a local urbanisation and construction boom. However, new buildings and neighbourhoods are rarely constructed in a sustainable way with direct and indirect negative environmental impacts. Issues of sustainability are hardly addressed by decision-makers in the construction sector, related ministries, city administrations or building users. The overall aim of the multi- and trans-disciplinary Build4People project during the RD phase is to support and analyse the transformative shift in Phnom Penh's current business-as-usual urban development pathway towards a pathway with higher sustainability and liveability levels. The entry points for the research are the building and neighbourhood planning sectors. Methods, tools and key instruments to achieve the objectives of the RD phase are collaborative planning workshops, strategic niche management approaches, transition management approaches and subsequent experimental implementation. All of these measures will generate applied knowledge for local stakeholders and a basis for evidence-based decision-making. Urban quality of life as a people-driven approach serves as the integrating link for all of our scientific, conceptional, analytical and normative dimensions. During our research, we will jointly conceptualize, measure and model urban quality of life and consider its political dimension and its often-ambiguous relationship to sustainability.}, language = {en} } @article{MohiuddinMund2021, author = {Mohiuddin, Gulam and Mund, Jan-Peter}, title = {Application of Land Surface Temperature Analysis in Urban Green Spaces: Case Studies from South Asia}, series = {GI_Forum}, volume = {9}, journal = {GI_Forum}, number = {2}, publisher = {Verlag der {\"O}sterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften}, issn = {2308-1708}, doi = {10.1553/giscience2021_02_s202}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5168}, pages = {202 -- 214}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This paper demonstrates the use of remote sensing in planning urban green spaces (UGSs). UGSs emerged as a popular solution to combat the effects of Urban Heat Island, especially in tropical cities. UGS projects often need to identify priority implementation areas due to limited funding for UGSs. This study includes two Asian cities, namely Phnom Penh (Cambodia) and Chittagong (Bangladesh). It is not comparative, but it has identified priority administrative areas for future UGSs in both cities. We used Landsat 8 data and the remote sensing technique Land Surface Temperature (LST) analysis using radiance, temperature brightness and emissivity. LST data were then intersected with the administrative boundaries of the study areas. The identification of priority administrative areas for UGS considered both the area coverage and the percentage of coverage in terms of maximum LST within the administrative units' boundaries. The result found 8 and 10 administrative units to be hotspots for UGSs, for Phnom Penh and Chittagong respectively. The proposed method will be useful to both government and non-government organizations alike, especially in tropical countries.}, language = {en} } @article{FoehrderMundSpathelf2021, author = {Foehrder, Torben and Mund, Jan-Peter and Spathelf, Peter}, title = {Advantages of 360° Virtual Forest Tours to Supplement Academic Forestry Education}, series = {GI_Forum}, volume = {9}, journal = {GI_Forum}, number = {2}, publisher = {Verlag der {\"O}sterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften}, issn = {2308-1708}, doi = {10.1553/giscience2021_02_s34}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5179}, pages = {34 -- 44}, year = {2021}, abstract = {360° virtual forest tours (VFTs), created by state-of-the-art virtual reality technology, contribute to the progression of academic e-learning and forest management. The article proposes a conceptual framework for 360° VFT production and use to supplement field courses. Reflective insights into the authors' own learning process in the production of 360° VFTs, and a consideration of the general challenges of the medium are also presented. To conclude, the article summarizes the advantages of 360° VFTs for forestry education in an academic context.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{McKennaSchultzBorgetal.2020, author = {McKenna, Amelie and Schultz, Alfred and Borg, Erik and Neumann, Matthias and Mund, Jan-Peter}, title = {Remote sensing and GIS based ecological modelling of potential red deer habitats in the test site region DEMMIN (TERENO)}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2020, 04.-08. Mai 2020 (ONLINE), Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {EGU General Assembly 2020, 04.-08. Mai 2020 (ONLINE), Vienna, Austria}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-19953}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5155}, pages = {12}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The destruction of habitats has not only reduced biological diversity but also affected essential ecosystem services of the Central European cultural landscape. Therefore, in the further development of the cultural landscape and in the management of natural resources, special importance must be attached to the habitat demands of species and the preservation of ecosystem services. The study of ecosystem services has extended its influence into spatial planning and landscape ecology, the integration of which can offer an opportunity to enhance the saliency, credibility, and legitimacy of landscape ecology in spatial planning issues. Objective: This paper proposes a methodology to detect red deer habitats for e.g. huntable game. The model is established on remote sensing based value-added information products, the derived landscape structure information and the use of spatially and temporally imprecise in-situ data (e.g. available hunting statistics). In order to realize this, four statistical model approaches were developed and their predictive performance assessed. Methods: Altogether, our results indicate that based on the data mentioned above, modeling of habitats is possible using a coherent statistical model approach. All four models showed an overall classification of > 60\% and in the best case 71,4\%. The models based on logistic regression using preference data derived from 5-year hunting statistics, which has been interpreted as habitat suitability. The landscape metrics (LSM) will be calculated on the basis of the Global Forest Change dataset (HANSEN et al. 2013b ). The interpolation of landcover data into landscape-level was made with the software FRAGSTAT and the moving window approach. Correlation analysis is used to identify relevant LSM serving as inputs; logistic regression was used to derive a final binary classifier for habitat suitability values. Three model variations with different sets of LSM are tested using the unstandardized regression coefficient. Results lead to an insight of the effect of each LSM but not on the strength of the effect. Furthermore, the predicted outcome is rather difficult to interpret as different units and scales for each LSM are used. Hence, we calculated the fourth model using the standardized regression coefficient. It harmonized the measurement units of the LSM and thus allowed a better comparison, interpretation, and evaluation.Conclusion: Our research reveals that applying a statistical model using coarse data is effective to identify potential red deer habitats in a significant qualitative manner. The presented approach can be analogously applied to other mammals if the relevant structural requirements and empirical habitat suitability data (e.g. home range, biotopes, and food resources) are known. The habitat preferences of red deer are best described by LSM concerning area-relation and wildlifeedge relations. Most important are edges between meadows, pastures or agricultural field and forest, as well as short paths between those elements for food resources. A large proportion of forest is important for species survival and positively influences the occurrence of red deer. Outcomes help to understand species habitat relation and on which scale wildlife perceives the landscape. In addition, they support the practical habitat management and thus the overall species diversity.}, language = {en} } @article{BoeneckeMeyerVogeletal.2020, author = {B{\"o}necke, Eric and Meyer, Swen and Vogel, Sebastian and Schr{\"o}ter, Ingmar and Gebbers, Robin and Kling, Charlotte and Kramer, Eckart and L{\"u}ck, Katrin and Nagel, Anne and Philipp, Golo and Gerlach, Felix and Palme, Stefan and Scheibe, Dirk and Zieger, Karin and R{\"u}hlmann, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Guidelines for precise lime management based on high-resolution soil pH, texture and SOM maps generated from proximal soil sensing data}, series = {Precision Agriculture}, volume = {22}, journal = {Precision Agriculture}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, issn = {1385-2256}, doi = {10.1007/s11119-020-09766-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4890}, pages = {493 -- 523}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Soil acidification is caused by natural paedogenetic processes and anthropogenic impacts but can be counteracted by regular lime application. Although sensors and applicators for variable-rate liming (VRL) exist, there are no established strategies for using these tools or helping to implement VRL in practice. Therefore, this study aimed to provide guidelines for site-specific liming based on proximal soil sensing. First, high-resolution soil maps of the liming-relevant indicators (pH, soil texture and soil organic matter content) were generated using on-the-go sensors. The soil acidity was predicted by two ion-selective antimony electrodes (RMSEpH: 0.37); the soil texture was predicted by a combination of apparent electrical resistivity measurements and natural soil-borne gamma emissions (RMSEclay: 0.046 kg kg-1); and the soil organic matter (SOM) status was predicted by a combination of red (660 nm) and near-infrared (NIR, 970 nm) optical reflection measurements (RMSESOM: 6.4 g kg-1). Second, to address the high within-field soil variability (pH varied by 2.9 units, clay content by 0.44 kg kg-1 and SOM by 5.5 g kg-1), a well-established empirical lime recommendation algorithm that represents the best management practices for liming in Germany was adapted, and the lime requirements (LRs) were determined. The generated workflow was applied to a 25.6 ha test field in north-eastern Germany, and the variable LR was compared to the conventional uniform LR. The comparison showed that under the uniform liming approach, 63\% of the field would be over-fertilized by approximately 12 t of lime, 6\% would receive approximately 6 t too little lime and 31\% would still be adequately limed.}, language = {en} } @article{HorfBoeneckeGebbersetal.2023, author = {Horf, Michael and B{\"o}necke, Eric and Gebbers, Robin and Kling, Charlotte and Kramer, Eckart and R{\"u}hlmann, J{\"o}rg and Schr{\"o}ter, Ingmar and Schwanghart, Wolfgang and Vogel, Sebastian}, title = {Utility of visible and near-infrared spectroscopy to predict base neutralizing capacity and lime requirement of quaternary soils}, series = {Precision Agriculture}, volume = {24}, journal = {Precision Agriculture}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, issn = {1385-2256}, doi = {10.1007/s11119-022-09945-9}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4916}, pages = {288 -- 309}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Detailed knowledge of a soil's lime requirement (LR) is a prerequisite for a demand-based lime fertilization to achieve the optimum soil pH and thus sustainably increasing soil fertility and crop yields. LR can be directly determined by the base neutralizing capacity (BNC) obtained by soil-base titration. For a site-specific soil acidity management, detailed information on the within-field variation of BNC is required. However, soil-base titrations for BNC determination are too laborious to be extensively applied in routine soil testing. In contrast, visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (visNIRS) is a time and cost-effective alternative that can analyze several soil characteristics within a single spectrum. VisNIRS was tested in the laboratory on 170 air-dried and sieved soil samples of nine agricultural fields of a quaternary landscape in North-east Germany predicting the soil's BNC and the corresponding lime requirement (LRBNC) at a target pH of 6.5. Seven spectral pre-processing methods were tested including a new technique based on normalized differences (ND). Furthermore, six multivariate regression methods were conducted including a new method combining a forward stagewise subset selection algorithm with PLSR (FS-PLSR). The models were validated using an independent sample set. The best regression model for most target variables was FS-PLSR combined with the second Savitzky-Golay derivation as pre-processing method achieving R2s from 0.68 to 0.82. Finally, the performance of the direct prediction of LRBNC (R2 = 0.68) was compared with an indirect prediction that was calculated by the predicted BNC parameters. This resulted in slightly higher correlation coefficients for the indirect method with R2 = 0.75.}, language = {en} } @article{HebinckKlerkxElzenetal.2021, author = {Hebinck, Aniek and Klerkx, Laurens and Elzen, Boelie and Kok, Kristiaan P. W. and K{\"o}nig, Bettina and Schiller, Katharina and Tschersich, Julia and van Mierlo, Barbara and von Wirth, Timo}, title = {Beyond food for thought - Directing sustainability transitions research to address fundamental change in agri-food systems}, series = {Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions}, journal = {Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions}, number = {41}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {2210-4224}, doi = {10.1016/j.eist.2021.10.003}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4885}, pages = {81 -- 85}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Dominant agricultural and food systems lead to continuous resource depletion and unacceptable environmental and social impacts. While current calls for changing agrifood systems are increasingly framed in the context of sustainability transitions, they rarely make an explicit link to transition studies to address these systemic challenges, nor do transition scholars sufficiently address agri-food systems, despite their global pertinence. From this viewpoint, we illustrate several gaps in the agri-food systems debate that sustainability transition studies could engage in. We propose four avenues for research in the next decade of transition research on agri-food systems: 1) Crossscale dynamics between coupled systems; 2) Social justice, equity and inclusion; 3) Sustainability transitions in low- and middle-income countries; 4) Cross-sectoral governance and system integration. We call for a decade of new transition research that moves beyond single-scale and sector perspectives toward more inclusive and integrated analyses of food system dynamics.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{vonMuenchhausenMarkowHaeringetal.2022, author = {von M{\"u}nchhausen, Susanne and Markow, Jekaterina and H{\"a}ring, Anna Maria and Cronien, Evelien and Fieldsend, Andrew}, title = {Are Advisors the Primary Providers of Innovation Support Services in Forestry and Agriculture? Preliminary Findings from the Project LIAISON}, series = {14th European Farming Systems Conference - Farming systems facing climate change and resources challenges (IFSA22), {\´E}vora, Portugal, 10-14 April 2022 (Session Session 1.6 - Institutions and organisations in interactive innovation, Part Theme 1 - Innovation Support Services)}, booktitle = {14th European Farming Systems Conference - Farming systems facing climate change and resources challenges (IFSA22), {\´E}vora, Portugal, 10-14 April 2022 (Session Session 1.6 - Institutions and organisations in interactive innovation, Part Theme 1 - Innovation Support Services)}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.6466097}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4698}, year = {2022}, abstract = {A large variety of organisations provides support for cooperative approaches in the field of research and innovation in agriculture, forestry and rural development, and acts as Innovation Support Services (ISS). The findings from ProAkis (2015) show that different types of organisations such as administrative offices, public or semi-public advisory services, rural academies/universities, producer organisations, other NGOs or private consultants engaged in the Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation System (AKIS) can act as ISS. The funding of ISS can be public, private or a mix of both. A literature review indicates that studies often focus on the larger "enabling environment" and the structure of the Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation Systems (AKIS). Moreover, many authors pay particular attention to the role of public or semi-public farm advisory organisations (Knierim et al., 2015; Sulaiman 2015). The paper is based on the analysis of more than 200 case studies of publically or privately funded interactive innovation projects within the EU and beyond. The selection of cases took place under the framework of the Horizon2020-funded European research and innovation project LIAISON. European and national databases contain several thousands of projects in agriculture, forestry and rural development. We selected projects applying the interactive innovation approach from a) EU programmes (EIP-Agri, Horizon2020, Interreg, and LIFE+); b) nationally/regionally or privately funded projects; and c) informal initiatives or networks in the agri-food, forestry, bioeconomy or nature conservation area. The results indicate that publically funded IIS play a core role for legal/administrative compliance of projects. Semi-public advisory services take up this role as well, and they are strong in linking farmers with scientists, technicians, entrepreneurs etc. However, they often exist and offer efficient ISS only for those industries that have a long tradition for a sector or area (e.g. dairy, pork, poultry or club fruit). This paper shows that different types of organisations (research institutes, farmers or producer organisations, NGOs, processing or marketing SMEs, or public bodies) provide various forms of support for the studied interactive innovation groups. No particular type of organisation such as the farm advisory services are more suitable than the other organisations for the delivery of ISS. Instead, it depends on former collaboration, the particular topic, objective or capacities available as well as the cultural/political context who engages in interactive innovation and provides innovation support.}, language = {en} } @article{WeissMichlerGillichetal.2022, author = {Weiss, Fabio and Michler, Frank Uwe and Gillich, Benjamin and Tillmann, J{\"o}rg and Ciuti, Simone and Heurich, Marco and Rieger, Siegfried}, title = {Displacement Effects of Conservation Grazing on Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) Spatial Behaviour}, series = {Environmental Management}, volume = {70}, journal = {Environmental Management}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, issn = {0364-152X}, doi = {10.1007/s00267-022-01697-6}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4609}, pages = {763 -- 779}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Conservation grazing uses semi-feral or domesticated herbivores to limit encroachment in open areas and to promote biodiversity. However, we are still unaware of its effects on wild herbivores. This study investigates the influence of herded sheep and goats on red deer (Cervus elaphus) spatial behavior by testing three a-priori hypotheses: (i) red deer are expected to avoid areas used by livestock, as well as adjacent areas, when livestock are present, albeit (ii) red deer increase the use of these areas when sheep and goats are temporarily absent and (iii) there is a time-lagged disruption in red deer spatial behavior when conservation grazing practice ends. Using GPS-telemetry data on red deer from a German heathland area, we modelled their use of areas grazed by sheep and goats, using mixed-effect logistic regression. Additionally, we developed seasonal resource selection functions (use-availability design) to depict habitat selection by red deer before, during, and after conservation grazing. Red deer used areas less during conservation grazing throughout all times of the day and there was no compensatory use during nighttime. This effect mostly persisted within 21 days after conservation grazing. Effects on habitat selection of red deer were detectable up to 3000 meters away from the conservation grazing sites, with no signs of either habituation or adaption. For the first time, we demonstrate that conservation grazing can affect the spatio-temporal behavior of wild herbivores. Our findings are relevant for optimizing landscape and wildlife management when conservation grazing is used in areas where wild herbivores are present.}, language = {en} } @article{BehrendtPeterSterlyetal.2022, author = {Behrendt, Gerlinde and Peter, Sarah and Sterly, Simone and H{\"a}ring, Anna Maria}, title = {Community financing for sustainable food and farming: a proximity perspective}, series = {Agriculture and Human Values}, volume = {39}, journal = {Agriculture and Human Values}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, doi = {10.1007/s10460-022-10304-7}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4711}, pages = {1063 -- 1075}, year = {2022}, abstract = {An increasing number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the German organic agri-food sector involves citizens through different community financing models. While such models provide alternative funding sources as well as marketing opportunities to SMEs, they allow private investors to combine their financial and ethical concerns by directly supporting the development of a more sustainable food system. Due to the low level of financial intermediation, community financing is characterized by close relations between investors and investees. Against this background, we apply the proximity concept from economic geography to explore spatial and relational aspects of community financing in the German organic agri-food sector. Based on a qualitative multiple case study approach, we find that the relevance of proximity is twofold. While different forms of proximity between SMEs and their potential investors are key success factors, proximity is also considered as one desired outcome of community financing. Furthermore, our results reveal that the extent to which SMEs rely on particular proximity dimensions distinguishes two different approaches to community financing.}, language = {en} } @article{MensahAhiekporHeroldetal.2022, author = {Mensah, Isaac and Ahiekpor, Julius Cudjoe and Herold, Nadine and Bensah, Edem Cudjoe and Pfriem, Alexander and Antwi, Edward and Amponsem, Bright}, title = {Biomass and plastic co-pyrolysis for syngas production: Characterisation of Celtis mildbraedii sawdust as a potential feedstock}, series = {Scientific African}, journal = {Scientific African}, number = {16}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {2468-2276}, doi = {10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01208}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4588}, pages = {9}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Celtis mildbraedii sawdust (CMS) from Ghana was characterised to investigate its suitability with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) for syngas production via co-pyrolysis. The physical and chemical properties assessed include proximate and ultimate compositions, pH value, higher heating value (HHV), and lignocellulosic composition. Also, the thermal behaviour at different heating rates (5, 10, and 20 K/min) and qualitative prediction of organic compounds of CMS were examined using thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG) and NIR spectroscopy techniques, respectively. Results of proximate analysis (moisture = 17.15 ± 0.0 wt.\%, ash = 1.13 ± 0.4 wt.\%, volatile matter = 68.39 ± 0.4 wt.\%, fixed carbon = 13.33 ± 0.8 wt.\%); ultimate analysis (C = 48.51 wt.\%, H = 6.66 wt.\%, N = 0.51 wt.\%, S = 0.02 wt.\%, O = 44.30 wt.\%); pH values (cold phase = 7.60, hot phase = 6.30); HHV (15.37 - 18.03 MJ/kg); and lignocellulosic composition (extractives = 13.80 ± 0.57 wt.\%, hemicellulose = 21.95 ± 3.89 wt.\%, lignin = 17.35 ± 0.35 wt.\%, cellulose = 46.90 ± 2.97 wt.\%) were obtained. The maximum mass loss was 83.48\% at 289.8 °C at 5 K/min. It was concluded that CMS is a highly potential biomass resource for syngas production with an empirical formula of CH1.64O0.69N0.009S0.0001.}, language = {en} } @article{deMiguelDiezGuiguePettenkoferetal.2022, author = {de Miguel-D{\´i}ez, Felipe and Guigue, Phillippe and Pettenkofer, Tim and Tolosana-Esteban, Eduardo and Purf{\"u}rst, Thomas and Cremer, Tobias}, title = {Development and evaluation of a novel 3D simulation software for modelling wood stacks}, series = {PLoS ONE}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, number = {17(3)}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0264414}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4472}, pages = {17}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Assessing the solid wood content is crucial when acquiring stacked roundwood. A frequently used method for this is to multiply determined conversion factors by the measured gross volume. However, the conversion factors are influenced by several log and stack parameters. Although these parameters have been identified and studied, their individual influence has not yet been analyzed using a broad statistical basis. This is due to the considerable financial resources that the data collection entails. To overcome this shortcoming, a 3D-simulation model was developed. It generates virtual wood stacks of randomized composition based on one individual data set of logs, which may be real or defined by the user. In this study, the development and evaluation of the simulation model are presented. The model was evaluated by conducting a sensitivity and a quantitative analysis of the simulation outcomes based on real measurements of 405 logs of Norway spruce and 20 stacks constituted with these. The results of the simulation outcomes revealed a small overestimation of the net volume of real stacks: by 1.2\% for net volume over bark and by 3.2\% for net volume under bark. Furthermore, according to the calculated mean bias error (MBE), the model underestimates the gross volume by 0.02\%. In addition, the results of the sensitivity analysis confirmed the capability of the model to adequately consider variations in the input parameters and to provide reliable outcomes.}, language = {en} } @misc{MackSchickGeyeretal.2021, author = {Mack, Kevin and Schick, Axel and Geyer, Juliane and Kruhlov, Ivan and Dichte, Angela and Ibisch, Pierre L.}, title = {Ecosystem-based Adaptation in Ukraine based on three UNESCO Biosphere Reserves : Toolbox}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.30597.01768}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7205}, pages = {97}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{SchaeferHaack2023, author = {Sch{\"a}fer, Martina and Haack, Michaela}, title = {Overcoming the efficiency paradigm—The challenges of introducing local organic beef in canteens}, series = {Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems}, volume = {7}, journal = {Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems}, publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.}, issn = {2571-581X}, doi = {10.3389/fsufs.2023.1152185}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4395}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Introduction In recent years, there has been a growing recognition that public canteens can play an important role in supporting the transformation toward sustainable food systems and providing access to sustainable and healthy food for everybody—including the most vulnerable groups of the population. One important way in which canteens can contribute to this transformation is by increasing the share of organic and local products. These new political and public demands contrast with the organizational development of canteens over the past few decades, which has mainly been characterized by an increase in economic efficiency and a reduction in costs. Based on a project that was carried out in the Berlin-Brandenburg region (Germany), this paper exemplifies some of the challenges canteens face in the process of introducing organic and local products. Methods The empirical results are based on 31 qualitative interviews with canteen managers and kitchen staff as well as with the processing company involved. In addition, a survey of 500 canteen guests was conducted in the participating canteens. Results The analysis shows that the canteens had to adapt various organizational practices to ensure a healthy and sustainable diet at manageable cost. Introducing local organic beef in the canteens requires close cooperation with local farmers and processors, a change in procurement practices, transparency around the origin of the products, as well as adapted menu planning. Discussion Based on the empirical results, the paper discusses how these challenges can be met and which supportive measures can be taken on different governance levels. To change entrenched practices, process facilitators who support local cooperation along the value added chain are needed, and practical knowledge and professional training must be provided. The article concludes that there is a great potential to foster a sustainable and healthy diet via public and private canteens if the tension between efficiency and sustainability orientation can be overcome by adapting framework conditions.}, language = {en} } @article{DonatGeistertGrahmannetal.2022, author = {Donat, Marco and Geistert, Jonas and Grahmann, Kathrin and Bloch, Ralf and Bellingrath-Kimura, Sonoko D.}, title = {Patch cropping- a new methodological approach to determine new field arrangements that increase the multifunctionality of agricultural landscapes}, series = {Computers and Electronics in Agriculture}, journal = {Computers and Electronics in Agriculture}, number = {197}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {0168-1699}, doi = {10.1016/j.compag.2022.106894}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4365}, pages = {1 -- 15}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Agricultural intensification decreased land cover complexity by converting small complex arable field geometries into large and simple structures which then were managed uniformly. These changes have led to a variety of negative environmental effects and influence ecosystem services. We present a novel small-scale and site-specific cropping system which splits a large field into small homogeneous sub-fields called 'patches' grouped in different yield potentials. A detailed workflow is presented to generate new spatially arranged patches with special focus on preprocessing and filtering of multi-year yield data, the variation in patch sizes and the adaptation of maximum working width to use available conventional farm equipment and permanent traffic lanes. The reduction of variance by the used cluster algorithm depends on the within-field heterogeneity. The patch size, the number of growing seasons (GS) used for clustering and the parallel shift of the patch structure along the permanent traffic lane resulted in a change in relative variance. Independent cross validation showed an increased performance of the classification algorithm with increasing number of GS used for clustering. The applied cluster analysis resulted in robust field segregation according to different yield potential zones and provides an innovative method for a novel cropping system.}, language = {en} } @article{WilmsDuppelCremeretal.2021, author = {Wilms, Florian and Duppel, Nils and Cremer, Tobias and Berendt, Ferr{\´e}ol}, title = {Bark Thickness and Heights of the Bark Transition Area of Scots Pine}, series = {Forests}, journal = {Forests}, number = {12(10)}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {1999-4907}, doi = {10.3390/f12101386}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4330}, pages = {1 -- 12}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The estimation of forest biomass is gaining interest not only for calculating harvesting volumes but also for carbon storage estimation. However, bark (and carbon) compounds are not distributed equally along the stem. Particularly when looking at Scots pine, a radical change in the structure of the bark along the stem can be noted. At the bark transition area, the bark changes from thick and rough to thin and smooth. The aim of our study was (1) to analyze the height of the bark transition area where the bark structure changes and (2) to analyze the effect of cardinal direction on the bark thickness. Regression analyses and forward selection were performed including measured tree height, DBH, bark thickness, crown base height and upper and lower heights of the bark transition areas of 375 trees. While the cardinal direction had no effect on bark thickness, DBH was found to have a significant effect on the heights of the bark transition areas, with stand density and tree height having a minor additional effect. These variables can be used to estimate timber volume (without bark) with higher accuracy and to predict the carbon storage potential of forest biomass according to different tree compartments and compounds.}, language = {en} } @article{SabatiniBluhmKunetal.2021, author = {Sabatini, Francesco Maria and Bluhm, Hendrik and Kun, Zoltan and Aksenov, Dmitry and Atauri, Jos{\´e} A. and Buchwald, Erik and Burrascano, Sabina and Cateau, Eug{\´e}nie and Diku, Abdulla and Duarte, In{\^e}s Marques and Fern{\´a}ndez L{\´o}pez, {\´A}ngel B. and Garbarino, Matteo and Grigoriadis, Nikolaos and Horv{\´a}th, Ferenc and Keren, Srđan and Kitenberga, Mara and Kiš, Alen and Kraut, Ann and Ibisch, Pierre L. and Larrieu, Laurent and Lombardi, Fabio and Matovic, Bratislav and Melu, Radu Nicolae and Meyer, Peter and Midteng, Rein and Mikac, Stjepan and Mikol{\´a}š, Martin and Mozgeris, Gintautas and Panayotov, Momchil and Pisek, Rok and Nunes, Le{\´o}nia and Ruete, Alejandro and Schickhofer, Matthias and Simovski, Bojan and Stillhard, Jonas and Stojanovic, Dejan and Szwagrzyk, Jerzy and Tikkanen, Olli-Pekka and Toromani, Elvin and Volosyanchuk, Roman and Vrška, Tom{\´a}š and Waldherr, Marcus and Yermokhin, Maxim and Zlatanov, Tzvetan and Zagidullina, Asiya and Kuemmerle, Tobias}, title = {European primary forest database v2.0}, series = {Scientific Data}, volume = {8}, journal = {Scientific Data}, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group UK}, issn = {2052-4463}, doi = {10.1038/s41597-021-00988-7}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4173}, pages = {14}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Primary forests, defined here as forests where the signs of human impacts, if any, are strongly blurred due to decades without forest management, are scarce in Europe and continue to disappear. Despite these losses, we know little about where these forests occur. Here, we present a comprehensive geodatabase and map of Europe's known primary forests. Our geodatabase harmonizes 48 different, mostly field-based datasets of primary forests, and contains 18,411 individual patches (41.1 Mha) spread across 33 countries. When available, we provide information on each patch (name, location, naturalness, extent and dominant tree species) and the surrounding landscape (biogeographical regions, protection status, potential natural vegetation, current forest extent). Using Landsat satellite-image time series (1985-2018) we checked each patch for possible disturbance events since primary forests were identified, resulting in 94\% of patches free of significant disturbances in the last 30 years. Although knowledge gaps remain, ours is the most comprehensive dataset on primary forests in Europe, and will be useful for ecological studies, and conservation planning to safeguard these unique forests.}, language = {en} }