@article{GreischelNagyConradetal.2023, author = {Greischel, Eva and Nagy, Emilia and Conrad, Alexander and Sch{\"a}fer, Martina}, title = {Social logistics: Rethinking public transport as a regional distributor of goods in rural areas. Chances for the long-term establishment of a sustainable regional logistics approach}, series = {Raumforschung und Raumordnung}, journal = {Raumforschung und Raumordnung}, publisher = {oekom Verlag}, issn = {0034-0111}, doi = {10.14512/rur.1690}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8032}, pages = {13}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This paper presents initial findings on the establishment of a social logistics project in a peripheral rural region in Germany. As part of a real-life laboratory, two services were developed and tested with the aim of improving rural supply: the delivery of regional goods and the return of online orders in cooperation with a regional public transport provider, regional retailers and parcel services. An evaluation team provided support to the project in identifying, monitoring, and documenting the societal impact of the services and promoted impact-oriented project management. The concept of providing services of general interest through social logistics and testing them in a real-world laboratory was based on preliminary work in the region. The results indicate that this approach can promote this type of social logistics in the long term. A social logistics approach does not focus solely on economic aspects but emphasises social and environmental benefits for the region. A real-world laboratory approach enables an environment that promotes open exchange, involvement of different stakeholders and joint problem solving in a reflective, iterative process. This methodological approach enabled the continuation and out-scaling of the service's core offerings immediately after ending the test phase and is seen as an important prerequisite for establishing a long-term perspective.}, language = {en} } @article{PurfuerstdeMiguelDiezBerendtetal.2023, author = {Purf{\"u}rst, Thomas and de Miguel-D{\´i}ez, Felipe and Berendt, Ferr{\´e}ol and Engler, Benjamin and Cremer, Tobias}, title = {Comparison of wood stack volume determination between manual, photo-optical, iPad-LiDAR and handheld-LiDAR based measurement methods}, series = {iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry}, volume = {16}, journal = {iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry}, number = {4}, publisher = {Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology}, issn = {1971-7458}, doi = {10.3832/ifor4153-016}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8062}, pages = {243 -- 252}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The measurement of roadside wood stacks in the forest still plays an important role in many forestry operations. Traditional manual measuring methods can be laborious, inaccurate and error-prone. Therefore, the issue is whether 2.5D or 3D optical remote sensing measuring methods provide more precise or detailed results and advantages in further data processing. This study examined and partly developed nine different manual, photo-optical, iPad®-LiDAR and handheld laser scanner-LiDAR-based wood stack measurement methods. Forty-seven wood stacks, ranging from 8.9 to 209.3 m3 (totalling approximately 2700 m3), were measured and compared using these nine methods. All the methods give volume estimations, and none can be seen to give the real or true wood stack gross volume. Surprisingly, the results varied significantly within and between the individual methods, with up to a 9\% mean relative deviation. The relative deviation is strongly dependent on the size of the wood stack. The 3D measurement methods using iPad® RGB and LiDAR recorded lower timber volumes than the other methods, in contrast to the method based on samples taken with handheld laser scanner-LiDAR, which overestimated the volume. Generally, optical- and laser-based surveying techniques could be more widely applied in measuring wood stacks in the future. However, such automatic wood stack gross volume determination approaches still face some challenges, regarding accuracy in the case of the 2.5D methods and the lack of automatisation in the case of 3D methods. Consequently, further research is required in the near future.}, language = {en} } @article{VoglhuberSlavinskyLemkeMacPhersonetal.2023, author = {Voglhuber-Slavinsky, Ariane and Lemke, Nahleen and MacPherson, Joseph and D{\"o}nitz, Ewa and Olbrisch, Mathias and Sch{\"o}bel, Philipp and Moller, Bj{\"o}rn and Bahrs, Enno and Helming, Katharina}, title = {Valorization for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in the Agri-Food Value Chain}, series = {Environmental Management}, volume = {72}, journal = {Environmental Management}, number = {6}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, doi = {10.1007/s00267-023-01860-7}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8104}, pages = {1163 -- 1188}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This article defines the term valorization of biodiversity and ecosystem services (BES) measures, as distinguished from their valuation, and underpins it with an assessment of private valorization examples along the agri-food value chain. Valorization incentivizes measures for promoting BES, while valuation refers to its quantification. Valuation can be a step of valorization but is not indispensable. In scientific literature, the terms valorization and valuation are often used interchangeably. In addition, there is a lack of research on private options versus conventional, public policy options. Therefore, we searched for private valorization options primarily in public sources (gray literature and websites). This led to the identification of four clusters (markets for voluntary services, labeling, and certification, environmental management/CSR, and tradable permits and quotas). Based on these clusters the options were assessed from a legal and systems dynamics perspective. In addition, the viability of selected valorization options in different future scenarios was examined. The analysis revealed a wide range of private valorization options, which in contrast to public policy options that focus almost entirely on the production stage, are spread across the agri-food value chain. Their suitability differs under different future scenarios, legal and systems conditions.}, language = {en} } @article{ThevsGombertStrengeetal.2019, author = {Thevs, Niels and Gombert, Alina Joana and Strenge, Eva and Lleshi, Roland and Aliev, Kumar and Emileva, Begaiym}, title = {Tree Wind Breaks in Central Asia and Their Effects on Agricultural Water Consumption}, series = {Land}, volume = {8}, journal = {Land}, number = {11}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2073-445X}, doi = {10.3390/land8110167}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3306}, pages = {17}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Across Central Asia, agriculture largely depends on irrigation due to arid and semi-arid climatic conditions. Water is abstracted from rivers, which are largely fed by glacier melt. In the course of climate change, glaciers melt down so that a reduced glacier volume and reduced water runoffs are expected to be available for irrigation. Tree wind breaks are one option to reduce water consumption in irrigated agriculture and build resilience against climate change. This paper therefore assesses the water consumption of major crops in Kyrgyzstan and adjacent areas, i.e., cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), corn (Zea mays L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in combination with tree wind breaks. Crop water consumption was assessed through the Penman Monteith approach. Tree wind break types investigated were single rows from poplars (Populus spec.) and multiple rows with understory vegetation by elm (Ulmus minor L.) and poplar, respectively. Tree water consumption was determined through sapflow measurements. The seasonal reference evapotranspiration (ETo) for field crops was 876-995 mm without wind breaks and dropped to less than half through multiple row wind breaks with understory vegetation (50 m spacing). Tree water consumption was 1125-1558 mm for poplar and 435 mm for elm. Among the wind break crop systems, elm wind breaks resulted in the highest reductions of water consumption, followed by single row poplars, at spacing of 50 and 100 m, respectively. However, elm grows much slower than poplar, so poplars might be more attractive for farmers. Furthermore, single row wind breaks might by much easier to be integrated into the agrarian landscape as they consume less space.}, language = {en} } @misc{BoecherBoetiusBorchardtetal.2021, author = {B{\"o}cher, Michael and Boetius, Antje and Borchardt, Dietrich and Grethe, Harald and Gutow, Lars and Haase, Dagmar and Hain, Stefan and Ibisch, Pierre L. and Jacob, Klaus and Joosten, Hans and Niebert, Kai and P{\"o}rtner, Hans-Otto and Settele, Josef and Zinngrebe, Yves}, title = {Naturschutzpolitischer Aufbruch jetzt: F{\"u}r ein Jahrzehnt des naturschutzbasierten Klimaschutzes und der Biodiversit{\"a}tspolitik - Orientierungspapier Biodiversit{\"a}t f{\"u}r die Koalitionsverhandlungen - Oktober 2021}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.14927.41125}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6909}, pages = {52}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Der Erhalt der Biodiversit{\"a}t und intakter {\"O}kosysteme ist {\"u}berlebenswichtig f{\"u}r Mensch und Natur. Dennoch schreitet der Verlust von Biodiversit{\"a}t sowohl in Deutschland - dem Fokus dieses Papiers - wie auch weltweit dramatisch voran. Die Politik hinkt dem zunehmenden Handlungsdruck allerdings weit hinterher. Bestehende Verpflichtungen wurden bisher nicht erf{\"u}llt, gesteckte Ziele nicht erreicht. Daher muss die neue Bundesregierung Verantwortung {\"u}bernehmen und die Ursachen f{\"u}r den Verlust der Biodiversit{\"a}t, die in verschiedenen Politikfeldern liegen, bereits im Koalitionsvertrag adressieren. Der wirksame Schutz von Biodiversit{\"a}t kann nicht alleine mit der Ausweisung von Schutzgebieten erreicht werden, sondern ist eine Integrationsaufgabe. Die Adressaten dieses Textes sind daher politische Akteure, die Biodiversit{\"a}tsziele in ihren Verantwortungsbereichen (Ressorts) und in allen relevanten Strategien integrieren sowie die relevanten Stakeholder mitnehmen m{\"u}ssen. Die hier beitragenden und zeichnenden Wissenschaftler*innen aus unterschiedlichsten Disziplinen werben gemeinsam f{\"u}r ein deutlich gr{\"o}ßeres Engagement f{\"u}r Biodiversit{\"a}t und legen hierf{\"u}r die folgenden Handlungsempfehlungen f{\"u}r deutsche und europ{\"a}ische Politik vor. Sie appellieren an die politischen Verantwortungstr{\"a}ger*innen, diese vielf{\"a}ltigen Herausforderungen entschlossen anzugehen und unsere nat{\"u}rlichen Lebensgrundlagen wirkungsvoll zu sch{\"u}tzen.}, language = {de} } @misc{MackStryametsKruhlovetal.2021, author = {Mack, Kevin and Stryamets, Galyna and Kruhlov, Ivan and Schick, Axel and Dichte, Angela and Smaliychuk, Anatoliy and Ibisch, Pierre L.}, title = {Climate Change and Land Use Impacts on Ecosystems and Human Well-being in Roztochya Biosphere Reserve : Situation Analysis for Ecosystem-based Adaptation}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.28919.29600}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6916}, pages = {67}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This document provides a summary of the situation analysis and the diagnosis. It is the cumulative result of the findings, discussions, and excursions during a. the citizen workshops b. GIS-based analysis and mapping c. MARISCO (adaptive MAnagement of vulnerability and RISk at COnservation sites) expert workshops d. EbA training3 and recent developments since these events.}, language = {en} } @misc{MackKubrakovKruhlovetal.2021, author = {Mack, Kevin and Kubrakov, Sergiy and Kruhlov, Ivan and Schick, Axel and Dichte, Angela and Smaliychuk, Anatoliy and Ibisch, Pierre L.}, title = {Climate Change and Land Use Impacts on Ecosystems and Human Well-being in Desnianskyi Biosphere Reserve : Situation Analysis for Ecosystem-based Adaptation}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.35630.18244}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6928}, pages = {65}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This document provides a summary of the situation analysis and the diagnosis. It is the cumulative result of the findings, discussions, and excursions during a. the citizen workshops b. GIS-based analysis and mapping c. MARISCO (adaptive MAnagement of vulnerability and RISk at COnservation sites) expert workshops d. EbA training3 and recent developments since these events.}, language = {en} } @article{HamidovDaedlowWebberetal.2022, author = {Hamidov, Ahmad and Daedlow, Katrin and Webber, Heidi and Hussein, Hussam and Abdurahmanov, Ilhom and Dolidudko, Aleksandr and Seerat, Ali Yawar and Solieva, Umida and Woldeyohanes, Tesfaye and Helming, Katharina}, title = {Operationalizing water-energy-food nexus research for sustainable development in social-ecological systems: an interdisciplinary learning case in Central Asia}, series = {Ecology \& Society}, volume = {27}, journal = {Ecology \& Society}, number = {1}, publisher = {Resilience Alliance}, issn = {1708-3087}, doi = {10.5751/ES-12891-270112}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6890}, pages = {17}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In social-ecological systems, natural resource management can be characterized by trade-offs across sectors and sustainability targets. The water-energy-food (WEF) nexus concept makes explicit various trade-offs in order to maximize synergies of interventions. However, there are few successful examples of its operationalization in research settings. Here, we explore in a learning setting if sustainability impact assessment (SIA) protocols can be a useful process to be used to adopt a systemic, interdisciplinary perspective to operationalize WEF nexus in research for sustainable development. The process and method adopted of SIA protocol, evaluated for five exemplary WEF nexus cases in Central Asia during a week-long international workshop, adequately addressed the complexity of WEF interrelationships and associated sustainability issues, and facilitated a comparative case study analysis across scales. Results within this process highlight that water governance was critical for large-scale transboundary WEF nexus management, while land and soil management were decisive for minimizing trade-offs at local levels. Issues of interdisciplinarity, complexity, uncertainty, and reflection on impacts were adequately addressed, but challenges remain in the consideration of ethics and the design of transparent, multi-actor cooperation. Most importantly, this exercise showed that employment of the process of SIA protocol supported disciplinary experts to work across disciplines and take a systemic approach for analyzing WEF nexus.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{AschenbrandGraebenerIbischetal.2023, author = {Aschenbrand, Erik and Gr{\"a}bener, Uli Frank and Ibisch, Pierre L. and Luthardt, Vera and Matias, Denise Margaret and Mutschler, Lena-Marie}, title = {Science and Research in, for and with UNESCO Biosphere Reserves}, editor = {Biosphere Reserves Institute (BRI),}, organization = {Hochschule f{\"u}r nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.11190.16962/2}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8323}, pages = {100}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @article{BartkowskiBartkeHelmingetal.2020, author = {Bartkowski, Bartosz and Bartke, Stephan and Helming, Katharina and Paul, Carsten and Techen, Anja-Kristina and Hansj{\"u}rgens, Bernd}, title = {Potential of the economic valuation of soil-based ecosystem services to inform sustainable soil management and policy}, series = {PeerJ}, journal = {PeerJ}, doi = {10.7717/peerj.8749}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6319}, pages = {31}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The concept of ecosystem services, especially in combination with economic valuation, can illuminate trade-offs involved in soil management, policy and governance, and thus support decision making. In this paper, we investigate and highlight the potential and limitations of the economic valuation of soil-based ecosystem services to inform sustainable soil management and policy. We formulate a definition of soil-based ecosystem services as basis for conducting a review of existing soil valuation studies with a focus on the inclusion of ecosystem services and the choice of valuation methods. We find that, so far, the economic valuation of soil-based ecosystem services has covered only a small number of such services and most studies have employed cost-based methods rather than state-of-the-art preference-based valuation methods, even though the latter would better acknowledge the public good character of soil related services. Therefore, the relevance of existing valuation studies for political processes is low. Broadening the spectrum of analyzed ecosystem services as well as using preference-based methods would likely increase the informational quality and policy relevance of valuation results. We point out options for improvement based on recent advances in economic valuation theory and practice. We conclude by investigating the specific roles economic valuation results can play in different phases of the policy-making process, and the specific requirements for its usefulness in this context.}, language = {en} } @article{AlffKonysbayevSalmyrzauly2023, author = {Alff, Henryk and Konysbayev, Talgarbay and Salmyrzauly, Ruslan}, title = {Old stereotypes and new openness: discourses and practices of trans-border re- and disconnection in south-eastern Kazakhstan's agricultural sector}, series = {Eurasian Geography and Economics}, journal = {Eurasian Geography and Economics}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, issn = {1538-7216}, doi = {10.1080/15387216.2023.2169184}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6340}, pages = {23}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Since the Soviet breakup, rural communities in the Kazakhstan-China borderlands have faced cataclysmic social, economic, and ecological transformations. Collective and state farms have been replaced by precarious smallholder agriculture suffering from a decline in financial inputs and the deterioration of infrastructure. At the same time, dynamic transformations of border permeability (and trans-border reconnections) between Kazakhstan and China have challenged the until relatively recent widespread Soviet rhetoric on Western China (or rather Xinjiang) as an underdeveloped space across the border. This article is based on several months of fieldwork between 2019 and 2021 in Panfilov District, located at major cross-border road and railway intersections and hosting important infrastructural objects, such as a dry port, a major railway transhipment hub, and a trans-border special economic zone. The article explores how the border situation (and the border's changing permeability for people, commodities, and ideas since the early 1990s) as well as the implementation of new trans-border infrastructures eventually shaped local discourses and practices in the socio-economic development of south-east Kazakhstan's agricultural sector. It is scrutinized herein how various forms of trans-border socio-economic interactions (although heavily regulated) and China's (agri-) economic policy in Xinjiang started to affect farmers' ambitions and practices across the border.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SanneKampeLenzetal.2017, author = {Sanne, Moritz and Kampe, Anja and Lenz, Claudia and Gossel, Stefan and Wagner, Sabine and Haibel, Astrid and Melcher, Eckhard and Leu, Carsten and Pfriem, Alexander and Lautner, Silke}, title = {Anatomical studies of wood treated with pressure pulse shock waves}, series = {Proceedings of the 13th annual meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE2017)}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 13th annual meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE2017)}, editor = {Engelund Thybring, Emil}, doi = {10.57741/opus4-684}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6841}, pages = {1}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Similar to a normal wave, a shock wave travels as energy through matter but it causes an abrupt raise of pressure, temperature and density. In this study the influence of shock waves on wood structure were investigated in the light of possible future industrial utilization e.g. timber impregnating treatment.}, language = {en} } @article{MarkowFieldsendvonMuenchhausenetal.2023, author = {Markow, Jekaterina and Fieldsend, Andrew and von M{\"u}nchhausen, Susanne and H{\"a}ring, Anna Maria}, title = {Building agricultural innovation capacity from the bottom up: Using spillover effects from projects to strengthen agricultural innovation systems}, series = {Agricultural Systems}, journal = {Agricultural Systems}, number = {209}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {0308-521X}, doi = {10.1016/j.agsy.2023.103670}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6853}, pages = {10}, year = {2023}, abstract = {CONTEXT Current research emphasises that agricultural innovation projects are influenced in multiple ways by the Agricultural Innovation Systems (AIS) in which they operate. Yet little attention has been paid to the reverse direction of this relationship, i.e. how agricultural innovation projects affect AIS in the course of their innovative activities. Accordingly, there are currently no tools to measure such AIS spillovers from agricultural innovation projects. OBJECTIVE This paper shows that even where agricultural innovation projects have not been designed with the explicit aim of influencing AIS they can have spillovers on the AIS in which they operate. Based on this finding, it argues that designing agricultural innovation projects in a way that maximises such positive and reduces negative AIS spillovers would be a useful tool for strengthening agricultural innovation capacities in a particular territory or sector. METHODS Based on the concept of agricultural innovation projects as Organisational Innovation Systems (OIS) that are embedded in AIS, the paper develops an analytical framework for assessing spillovers of such projects on AIS and applies it to a case study of an Operational Group in the German Federal State of Hessen. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The case study shows that agricultural innovation projects may yield diverse spillovers on the AIS in which they operate. In addition to considering how agricultural innovation projects are shaped - constrained and/or enabled - by AIS, the research community on agricultural innovation should pay more attention to this side of the interrelation of AIS and agricultural innovation projects. Designing agricultural innovation projects responsibly so that spillovers on AIS are monitored can help to improve national or sectoral AIS. SIGNIFICANCE This paper points to an underexplored issue in research on agricultural innovation and, related to this, a thus far unused potential policy tool for improving national and sectoral AIS. It further develops the concept of innovation projects as OIS into an approach for assessing the effects of projects on AIS; an area of project assessment that until now has not been adequately covered.}, language = {en} } @article{CreamerHagensBaartmanetal.2021, author = {Creamer, Rachel E. and Hagens, Mathilde and Baartman, Jantiene and Helming, Katharina}, title = {Editorial for special issue on "understanding soil functions - from ped to planet"}, series = {European Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {72}, journal = {European Journal of Soil Science}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {1365-2389}, doi = {10.1111/ejss.13099}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6870}, pages = {1493 -- 1496}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{MacPhersonVoglhuberSlavinskyOlbrischetal.2022, author = {MacPherson, Joseph and Voglhuber-Slavinsky, Ariane and Olbrisch, Mathias and Sch{\"o}bel, Philipp and D{\"o}nitz, Ewa and Mouratiadou, Ioanna and Helming, Katharina}, title = {Future agricultural systems and the role of digitalization for achieving sustainability goals. A review}, series = {Agronomy for Sustainable Development}, journal = {Agronomy for Sustainable Development}, number = {42}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, issn = {1773-0155}, doi = {10.1007/s13593-022-00792-6}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6886}, pages = {18}, year = {2022}, abstract = {By leveraging a wide range of novel, data-driven technologies for agricultural production and agri-food value chains, digital agriculture presents potential enhancements to sustainability across food systems. Accordingly, digital agriculture has received considerable attention in policy in recent years, with emphasis mostly placed on the potential of digital agriculture to improve efficiency, productivity and food security, and less attention given to how digitalization may impact other principles of sustainable development, such as biodiversity conservation, soil protection, and human health, for example. Here, we review high-level policy and law in the German and European context to highlight a number of important institutional, societal, and legal preconditions for leveraging digital agriculture to achieve diverse sustainability targets. Additionally, we combine foresight analysis with our review to reflect on how future frame conditions influencing agricultural digitalization and sustainability could conceivably arise. The major points are the following: (1) some polices consider the benefits of digital agriculture, although only to a limited extent and mostly in terms of resource use efficiency; (2) law as it applies to digital agriculture is emerging but is highly fragmented; and (3) the adoption of digital agriculture and if it is used to enhance sustainability will be dependent on future data ownership regimes.}, language = {en} } @misc{WolfNoeltingHammetal.2022, author = {Wolf, Nicole and N{\"o}lting, Benjamin and Hamm, Andrea and Rehak, Rainer and Hobelsberger, Christine and Beer, Felix}, title = {Kommunale Plattformen nachhaltig gestalten : Kriterienkatalog f{\"u}r Plattformen im Dienst einer nachhaltig-digitalen Daseinsvorsorge}, series = {Kurzstudie der Forschungslinie „Zukunftsf{\"a}hige Daseinsvorsorge"}, journal = {Kurzstudie der Forschungslinie „Zukunftsf{\"a}hige Daseinsvorsorge"}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6641}, pages = {54}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Digitale Plattformen avancieren zu einem wichtigen Teil der kommunalen Daseinsvorsorge. Richtig eingesetzt, k{\"o}nnen plattformbasierte Leistungen ein wirksames Steuerungsinstrument f{\"u}r eine nachhaltige Kommunalentwicklung darstellen. F{\"u}r diese kommunale Gestaltungsaufgabe wird in der Kurzstudie ein Kriterienkatalog erarbeitet, anhand dessen die Nachhaltigkeitspotenziale und -risiken unterschiedlicher Plattformmodelle beschrieben und untersucht werden k{\"o}nnen.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{BasavegowdaMosebachSchleipetal.2022, author = {Basavegowda, Deepak Hanike and Mosebach, Paul and Schleip, Inga and Weltzien, Cornelia}, title = {Indicator plant species detection in grassland using EfficientDet object detector}, series = {42. GIL-Jahrestagung, K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz in der Agrar- und Ern{\"a}hrungswirtschaft}, booktitle = {42. GIL-Jahrestagung, K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz in der Agrar- und Ern{\"a}hrungswirtschaft}, publisher = {Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik e.V.}, address = {Bonn}, isbn = {978-3-88579-711-1}, issn = {1617-5468}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6656}, pages = {57 -- 62}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Extensively used grasslands (meadows and pastures) are ecologically valuable areas in the agricultural landscape and part of the multifunctional agriculture. In Germany, the quality of these grasslands is assessed based on the occurrence of certain plant species known as indicator or character species, with indicators being defined at regional level. Therefore, the recognition of these indicators on a spatial level is a prerequisite for monitoring grassland biodiversity. The identification of indicator species for the status quo of grassland using traditional methods was found to be challenging and tedious. Deep learning-algorithms applied to high-resolution UAV imagery could be the key solution, where UAV with remote sensors can map a large area of grassland in comparison to manual or ground mapping methods and deep learning-algorithms can automate the detection process. In this research work, we use an EfficientDet based algorithm to train an object detection model capable of recognizing indicators on RGB data. The experimental results show that this approach is very promising in contrast to the difficult and time-consuming manual recognition methods. The model was trained with the momentum-SGD optimizer with a momentum value of 0.9 and a learning rate of 0.0001. The model was trained and tested on 1200 images and achieves 45.7 AP (and 85.7 AP50) on test data set. The dataset includes images of four distinct indicator plant species: Armeria maritima, Campanula patula, Cirsium oleraceum, and Daucus carota}, language = {en} } @misc{Goettert2023, author = {G{\"o}ttert, Thomas}, title = {Cross-Landscape Approaches to Human Wildlife Conflicts—Na{\"i}ve or Necessary?}, series = {Diversity}, volume = {15}, journal = {Diversity}, number = {5}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {1424-2818}, doi = {10.3390/d15050653}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6677}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @misc{TarneBatjavMatiasetal.2022, author = {Tarne, Anika and Batjav, Batbuyan and Matias, Denise Margaret and Mehring, Marion}, title = {Rural to urban migration in Mongolia - Social-ecological conditions for a stepwise process}, series = {ISOE-Diskussionspapiere}, journal = {ISOE-Diskussionspapiere}, number = {47}, address = {Frankfurt am Main}, issn = {1436-3534}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6728}, pages = {17}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Since the 1990s, Mongolia's capital city Ulaanbaatar has recorded steady and rapid population growth due to rural-urban migration. So far, little is known about how the social and ecological conditions of migration interact. Thus, in our study we investigated the rural-urban migration process from the countryside to the capital in the Eastern Steppe conducting semi-structured interviews. Our results show that this rural-urban migration often follows a stepwise process from smaller settlements to larger urban agglomerations. The results also demonstrate a complex interplay between the prevailing social, economic, and ecological factors. While social factors (kinship, education) show the same relevance at each step of migration, ecological factors such as the occurrence of dzud seem more relevant at the early stages, from the steppe to the sum centres. Ecological factors only seem to rank second in importance, after social reasons. Economic reasons are also revealed to be very significant but seem most relevant the closer the migrations are to the capital. These results are essential in order to cope with current and future challenges of population development and find solutions to enable traditional Mongolian nomadism even under a modern lifestyle.}, language = {en} } @article{BerendtBajalanWenigetal.2023, author = {Berendt, Ferr{\´e}ol and Bajalan, Iman and Wenig, Charlett and Hinds, Charlotte and Blaško, Ľubom{\´i}r and Cremer, Tobias}, title = {Estimation of Scots pine bark biomass delivered to the wood industry in Northern Germany}, series = {Central European Forestry Journal}, volume = {69}, journal = {Central European Forestry Journal}, number = {2}, publisher = {Sciendo}, issn = {2454-0358}, doi = {10.2478/forj-2022-0019}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6126}, pages = {89 -- 97}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is the most widely distributed pine species in the world. In Germany, as in many other European countries, it is a very important species both culturally and economically. Few studies have focused on bark volumes being delivered to the wood industry together with the roundwood, being potentially a valuable resource for material or energetic utilization. Therefore, logs from six different forest sites were collected and bark variables including double bark thickness (DBT) in three different categories, diameter, and bark damage (as a degree of miss-DBT) in three different categories, diameter, and bark damage (as a degree of miss-ing bark) were measured and analyzed in order to model bark volume (Vbark) and bark mass (Mbark). The correlation analysis using Pearson's method showed that the highest correlation coefficients were observed from the correla-tion between DBT and Vbark, as well as between DBT and Mbark. Also, results demonstrated that with DBT greater than 20 mm, the percentage of Vbark exceeded 20\%. Finally, different linear regression models were recommended to predict Vbark and Mbark based on the other variables. The results of this study can be used in different wood industries in order to predict bark volume and bark mass of e.g. truckloads or roundwood stacks.}, language = {en} } @article{AmponsemBensahAhiekporetal.2022, author = {Amponsem, Bright and Bensah, Edem Cudjoe and Ahiekpor, Julius Cudjoe and Cremer, Tobias and Herold, Nadine and Antwi, Edward and Mensah, Isaac and Narra, Satyanarayana and Boahen, Benjamin}, title = {Cleaner energy potential analysis for composite biomass residues from decentralized sawmills in Ghana- A case study for Oforikrom Municipality}, series = {Cleaner Engineering and Technology}, journal = {Cleaner Engineering and Technology}, number = {11}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {2666-7908}, doi = {10.1016/j.clet.2022.100563}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6154}, pages = {11}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The variation of wood species processed in sawmills in developing countries generates composite waste which presents treatment challenges due to a lack of understanding of their physicochemical characteristics for proper planning for clean energy generation. Most of the waste is discarded or burnt openly which releases harmful gases into the environment. This study investigated the physicochemical characteristics of mixed sawdust generated from five wood species generated at a Ghanaian sawmill in Oforikrom Municipality for improving waste treatment. The particle size distribution (PSD), bulk density, proximate and ultimate values, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and structural analysis were used to characterize the composite sawdust for briquetting and gasification purposes. It was found that the net heating value (17.46 MJ/kg), some proximate and ultimate values meet briquette standard but high percentages of ash (2.95\%), moisture (41.48\%) and the possibility of nitrogen oxides emissions were notable challenges. PSD resulted in different high fine fractions which are unsuitable for densification. The increase of sieving amplitudes at 30, 50 and 80 rpm generated an average increase in sieve efficiency of fines by 4.22\%. Mixing of fines (42.38-46.6\%) and optimum particle size (53.40-57.62\%) fractions was suggested as the best approach to enhance briquette density and durability. The FTIR spectra showed a range of peaks such as 1734.46 cm-1, 1620.48 cm-1, 1506.50 cm-1, 1462.02 cm-1, 1420.32 cm-1 etc. for functional groups identification. Composite sawdust spectra showed high absorbance with no shift of wavenumbers compared with temperate woods, however, it deviated massively when compared with industrial cellulose and organosolv lignin. TGA indicated that exact mixed wood pyrolysis temperatures, volatile and biochar fractions will always depend on sample compositions. The increase in heating rates yielded little significance to volatiles and char increments. Collection of clean sawdust and rooftop drying were recommended as a way of enhancing sawdust properties. Composite sawdust has a promising potential to support Ghana's activities for meeting the renewable energy generation targets. The understanding of these potential assessments is significant to boost the local municipality energy supply.}, language = {en} } @article{Zuberi2021, author = {Zuberi, Mehwish}, title = {Between Disconnects and Flows: Reflections on Doing Fieldwork in Rural South Punjab during the Covid-19 Pandemic}, series = {S{\"u}dasien-Chronik - South Asia Chronicle}, volume = {11}, journal = {S{\"u}dasien-Chronik - South Asia Chronicle}, isbn = {978-3-86004-348-6}, doi = {10.18452/24179}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6186}, pages = {521 -- 540}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{OrtizJameroCrespinetal.2023, author = {Ortiz, Andrea Monica D. and Jamero, Ma. Laurice and Crespin, Silvio Javier and Smith Ramirez, Cecilia and Matias, Denise Margaret and Reyes, Jameela Joy and Pauchard, An{\´i}bal and La Vi{\~n}a, Antonia G. M.}, title = {The land and sea routes to 2030: a call for greater attention on all small islands in global environmental policy}, series = {npj Biodiversity}, journal = {npj Biodiversity}, number = {2}, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group UK}, issn = {2731-4243}, doi = {10.1038/s44185-023-00023-5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6780}, pages = {8}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Islands have unique vulnerabilities to biodiversity loss and climate change. Current Nationally Determined Contributions under the Paris Agreement are insufficient to avoid the irreversible loss of critical island ecosystems. Existing research, policies, and finance also do not sufficiently address small islands' social-environmental challenges. For instance, the new Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) mentions islands in the invasive species management target. This focus is important, as islands are at high risk to biological invasions; however, this is the only GBF target that mentions islands. There are threats of equal or greater urgency to small islands, including coastal hazards and overexploitation. Ecosystems such as coral reefs and mangroves are crucial for biodiversity, coastal protection, and human livelihoods, yet are unaddressed in the GBF. While research and global policy, including targeted financial flows, have a strong focus on Small Island Developing States (SIDS), the situation of other small islands has been largely overlooked. Here, through a review of policy developments and examples from islands in the Philippines and Chile, we urge that conservation and climate change policies place greater emphasis on acknowledging the diversity of small islands and their unique governance challenges, extending the focus beyond SIDS. Moving forward, global policy and research should include the recognition of small islands as metacommunities linked by interacting species and social-ecological systems to emphasize their connectivity rather than their isolation. Coalition-building and knowledge-sharing, particularly with local, Indigenous and traditional knowledge-holders from small islands, is needed to meet global goals on biodiversity and sustainable development by 2030.}, language = {en} } @article{ZellerGoettert2021, author = {Zeller, Ulrich and G{\"o}ttert, Thomas}, title = {Humans, megafauna and landscape structure - Rock engravings from Namibia encourage a comparative approach to central Europe and southern Africa}, series = {Vertebrate Zoology}, volume = {71}, journal = {Vertebrate Zoology}, issn = {1864-5755}, doi = {10.3897/vz.71.e72811}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5538}, pages = {631 -- 643}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This paper deals with reflections that arose after observing prehistoric rock engravings at different locations in Namibia. These observations stimulated comparative considerations with focus on southern Africa and central Europe. Similar to the Aurignacian rock art of European origin, the most common motifs in the Namibian rock engravings are large animals. While in Europe, the species that served as a blueprint for the illustration of Aurignacian rock art have mostly disappeared, the megafauna illustrated on the rock engravings in Namibia can still be found in the immediate vicinity of the rock art. Against this background, we discuss and further develop a comparative regional approach. We reconstruct and evaluate the suitability of African savannas and still-existing megafauna communities as an appropriate reference-frame for natural European grassland systems and extinct associated warm-adapted megafauna (Eemian Interglacial megafauna). Special attention is laid on the unique situation in Africa in the light of a global extinction wave of megafauna following increasing human activity in the Late Quaternary. This leads us to discuss the use of domesticated ungulates as surrogate taxa to fulfill ecosystem functions in Europe as part of concepts termed "rewilding" or "naturalistic grazing". After critically examining these concepts, we conclude that using domesticated forms as representatives of extinct or locally disappeared species in Europe has its justification to some extent. If, however, the naturally occurring megaherbivore community still exists (Africa), these naturally occurring species should be given priority due to their organismic abilities and limitations adapted to the harsh conditions in their specific environment. Finally, we discuss the application of (transboundary) protected areas as effective instruments to mitigate human-wildlife conflicts. A holistic approach, including nature conservation and preservation of cultural achievements (domesticated forms, grazing systems), appears promising for the effective protection of the natural African savanna ecosystems with their unique fauna elements, as illustrated in rock engravings that inspired us to write this paper.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchroederGuerickeKoerner2021, author = {Schr{\"o}der, Jens and Guericke, Martin and K{\"o}rner, Michael}, title = {Fingerprints of biotic agents in tree-ring and NDVI time series of forest stands}, series = {TRACE - Tree Rings in Archeology, Climatology and Ecology - Virtual Conference 2021}, booktitle = {TRACE - Tree Rings in Archeology, Climatology and Ecology - Virtual Conference 2021}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.17808.33286}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5559}, pages = {1}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @misc{WelleIbischBlumroederetal.2021, author = {Welle, Tobias and Ibisch, Pierre L. and Blumr{\"o}der, Jeanette Silvin and Bohr, Yvonne E.-M. B. and Leinen, Loretta and Wohlleben, Tobias and Sturm, Knut}, title = {Accurate use of forest inventories shows that unmanaged forests have a higher climate protection effect than managed forests: A response to the letter by Bolte et al.}, series = {GCB Bioenergy}, volume = {13}, journal = {GCB Bioenergy}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {1757-1707}, doi = {10.1111/gcbb.12796}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6079}, pages = {367 -- 368}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @misc{BolteRockWolff2021, author = {Bolte, Andreas and Rock, Joachim and Wolff, Barbara}, title = {Setting aside forests or harvesting them for bioenergy: Short-term benefits for climate protection are still unknown}, series = {GCB Bioenergy}, volume = {13}, journal = {GCB Bioenergy}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {1757-1707}, doi = {10.1111/gcbb.12769}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6081}, pages = {364 -- 366}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @misc{WelleIbischBlumroederetal.2021, author = {Welle, Torsten and Ibisch, Pierre L. and Blumr{\"o}der, Jeanette Silvin and Bohr, Yvonne E.-M. B. and Leinen, Loretta and Wohlleben, Tobias and Sturm, Knut}, title = {Incorrect data sustain the claim of forest-based bioenergy being more effective in climate change mitigation than forest conservation}, series = {GCB Bioenergy}, volume = {13}, journal = {GCB Bioenergy}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {1757-1707}, doi = {10.1111/gcbb.12738}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6092}, pages = {286 -- 287}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{WenigReppeHorbeltetal.2023, author = {Wenig, Charlett and Reppe, Friedrich and Horbelt, Nils and Spener, Jaromir and Berendt, Ferr{\´e}ol and Cremer, Tobias and Frey, Marion and Burgert, Ingo and Eder, Michaela}, title = {Adhesives free bark panels: An alternative application for a waste material}, series = {PloS one}, volume = {18}, journal = {PloS one}, number = {1}, publisher = {Public Library of Science (PLoS)}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0280721}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6104}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The proportion of bark in tree trunks is in the range of ~ 10-20\%. This large amount of material is currently mainly considered as a by- or even waste-product by the timber processing industry. Recently, efforts towards the use of bark have been made, e.g. as a raw material to harvest different chemical compounds or as an additive for wood particle boards. Our motivation for this work was to keep the bark in an almost natural state and explore alternative processes and applications for use. The traditional method of de-barking tree trunks by peeling was used to harvest large bark pieces. Two pieces of peeled bark were placed crosswise, with the rhytidom side (outer bark) facing each other. After different conditioning steps, bark pieces were hot pressed to panels without adding adhesives. These experiments on bark samples of different Central European tree species suggest that production of panels with species dependent properties is possible and feasible. This is a step towards producing sustainable panels by using a natural waste material, while retaining its beneficial structure and its natural chemical composition.}, language = {en} }