@incollection{AlffSchmidtSpiesetal.2021, author = {Alff, Henryk and Schmidt, Matthias and Spies, Michael and Steenberg, Rune}, title = {Layered legacies - an introduction}, series = {Beyond post-Soviet: layered legacies and transformations in Central Asia}, booktitle = {Beyond post-Soviet: layered legacies and transformations in Central Asia}, editor = {Schmidt, Matthias and Steenberg, Rune and Spies, Michael and Alff, Henryk}, publisher = {Institut f{\"u}r Geographie, Universit{\"a}t Augsburg}, address = {Augsburg}, organization = {Universit{\"a}t Augsburg}, isbn = {978-3-948283-05-6}, issn = {1862-8680}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4160}, publisher = {Hochschule f{\"u}r nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde}, pages = {4 -- 6}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{ZuberiRaabSpies2022, author = {Zuberi, Mehwish and Raab, Christoph and Spies, Michael}, title = {Landnutzungswandel im Baumwollg{\"u}rtel Pakistans : Gen-Baumwolle, Agrardiversifizierung und {\"o}kologische Herausforderungen im S{\"u}den des Punjab}, series = {Geographische Rundschau}, journal = {Geographische Rundschau}, number = {4}, publisher = {Westermann Bildungsmedien Verlag GmbH}, issn = {0016-7460}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5265}, pages = {20 -- 25}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Baumwolle ist die {\"o}konomisch wichtigste Nutzpflanze Pakistans, weshalb die Region S{\"u}dpunjab mit dem dort gelegenen Baumwollg{\"u}rtel eine zentrale Rolle f{\"u}r die Landwirtschaft des Landes darstellt. Berichte {\"u}ber einen drastischen R{\"u}ckgang der Baumwollproduktion in der Region haben in den letzten Jahren landesweit Besorgnis ausgel{\"o}st. Die derzeitige Baumwollkrise ist zumindest zum Teil auf die unkontrollierte, massive Verbreitung von gentechnisch ver{\"a}nderten Baumwollsorten, auch bekannt als Bt-Baumwolle, zur{\"u}ckzuf{\"u}hren. Im Distrikt Multan, dem Zentrum des S{\"u}dpunjab, haben viele Baumwollproduzenten auf alternative Anbaukulturen umgestellt. Die Diversifizierung als Anpassungsoption steht jedoch nicht allen zur Verf{\"u}gung und schließt insbesondere {\"a}rmere b{\"a}uerliche Haushalte aus.}, language = {de} } @article{Spies2022, author = {Spies, Michael}, title = {Der Chinesisch-Pakistanische Wirtschaftskorridor : Versprechen und Widerspr{\"u}che f{\"u}r den Agrarsektor Pakistans}, series = {Geographische Rundschau}, journal = {Geographische Rundschau}, number = {4}, publisher = {Westermann Bildungsmedien Verlag GmbH}, issn = {0016-7460}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5352}, pages = {4}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Seit einigen Jahren investiert die Volksrepublik China immense Summen in Infrastrukturprojekte in Pakistan zur Etablierung des Chinesisch-Pakistanischen Wirtschaftskorridors, der gleichzeitig der St{\"a}rkung der strategischen und wirtschaftlichen Zusammenarbeit zwischen den beiden L{\"a}ndern dient. Inzwischen verschiebt sich der Fokus der Investitionen zunehmend von Infrastrukturprojekten zu anderen Bereichen, mit einem bemerkenswerten Fokus auf den Agrarsektor Pakistans. Die Aussichten und Einsch{\"a}tzungen dieser Neuausrichtung sind gemischt.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{ZuberiSpiesAlffetal.2021, author = {Zuberi, Mehwish and Spies, Michael and Alff, Henryk and Raab, Christoph and Zakirova, Aksana}, title = {Participatory knowledge mapping as a basis of decision making for sustainable agrarian land use systems}, series = {Landscape 2021 Diversity for sustainable and resilient agriculture, Online conference, 20.-22.09.2021}, booktitle = {Landscape 2021 Diversity for sustainable and resilient agriculture, Online conference, 20.-22.09.2021}, editor = {Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF),}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7716}, pages = {64}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Agricultural systems world-wide are facing an increasing level of uncertainty and risk in light of unprecedented climate and environmental change. The ecological challenges for agrarian sectors are further complicated by social factors such as growing world population and an expanding demand for biomass-based products. Formalized knowledge structures can benefit from approaches that consolidate informal local knowledge networks in understanding social and ecological change related causal chains (Teng{\"o} et al., 2013). This is especially relevant for the research-policy interface concerning sustainable agrarian system management. As part of the junior research group TRANSECT, which investigates the social-ecological effects and interdependencies of agrarian transformations in Central and South Asia, a framework for knowledge mapping on sustainable land use systems is under development. We aim to bring together knowledge from local land users and other relevant stakeholders to develop future policy scenarios related to bio-based economy in the agrarian sector and to critically assess their social and ecological consequences on the ground. Our proposed framework is inspired by previous experiences with the MARISCO method (Ibisch and Hobson, 2014; www.marisco.training), a methodology for the adaptive management of risk and vulnerability, developed at the Center for Econics and Ecosystem Management in the Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development. This approach has been applied in various projects of natural resource management as a tool that allows the collection of complex and diffused knowledge from different sources, and to structure, evaluate, and prepare for the development of integrated solutions. The visual presentation of existing knowledge in the form of 'knowledge maps' that raise awareness of ignorance, and the systemic identification of knowledge gaps and risks are central features of MARISCO method (Ibisch and Hobson, 2014). While the original methodology provides an established and proven toolbox for evaluating the ecological dimension of complex socio-environmental challenges, our inspired methodology elaborates on the social dimension of environmental and societal threats as well as policy interventions, for which we find it crucial to put a stronger emphasis on equity. In contrast to the more ecosystem-focused MARISCO method, a central feature of our approach is a socially differentiated analysis that distinguishes between different social groups or strata when evaluating social (and ecosystem) services and the (social) impact of stresses or threats. We will introduce and elaborate on our proposed participatory and socially differentiated approach for knowledge mapping on sustainable land use systems with illustrative examples from experiences in Central Asia. As our current experience shows, a key challenge in designing and implementing such approaches is to take social-ecological complexity seriously while keeping the method manageable for regular workshop settings without overburdening participants.}, language = {en} } @incollection{SpiesWelp2021, author = {Spies, Michael and Welp, Martin}, title = {Stakeholder-based knowledge mapping for re-establishing agroforestry systems in Central Asia}, series = {Beyond post-Soviet: layered legacies and transformations in Central Asia}, booktitle = {Beyond post-Soviet: layered legacies and transformations in Central Asia}, editor = {Schmidt, Matthias and Steenberg, Rune and Spies, Michael and Alff, Henryk}, publisher = {Institut f{\"u}r Geographie, Universit{\"a}t Augsburg}, address = {Augsburg}, isbn = {978-3-948283-05-6}, issn = {1862-8680}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6205}, publisher = {Hochschule f{\"u}r nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde}, pages = {38 -- 48}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The existing land use policies in Central Asia are not well prepared to tackle current and future risks related to climate change, soil degradation, and increasing global and domestic demand for food, fiber, and biomass. In post-socialist countries with rather short traditions of state-led democracy, it is particularly relevant to strengthen the role of civil society and to test and experiment with participatory methods to increase the fairness, acceptance and effectiveness of policies for sustainable land use. As part of a collaborative project on agroforestry for livelihood improvement in Central Asia, we have developed a participatory method to formalize local and external expert knowledge as a means to inform strategy development for the wider adoption and re-establishment of agroforestry systems. In a sequence of collecting, visualizing, processing and feeding results back to local experts, our approach aimed at cocreating a semi-quantitative systemic knowledge map. Inspired by the MARISCO-methodology, this map included different agroforestry practices, related ecosystem services, as well as factors contributing to or hindering the adoption of agroforestry practices. This paper outlines our systemic approach of formalizing knowledge from diverse stakeholders, provides a brief stepwise description of our developed methodology, and discusses its wider applicability.}, language = {en} }