@article{BoeneckeMeyerVogeletal.2020, author = {B{\"o}necke, Eric and Meyer, Swen and Vogel, Sebastian and Schr{\"o}ter, Ingmar and Gebbers, Robin and Kling, Charlotte and Kramer, Eckart and L{\"u}ck, Katrin and Nagel, Anne and Philipp, Golo and Gerlach, Felix and Palme, Stefan and Scheibe, Dirk and Zieger, Karin and R{\"u}hlmann, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Guidelines for precise lime management based on high-resolution soil pH, texture and SOM maps generated from proximal soil sensing data}, series = {Precision Agriculture}, volume = {22}, journal = {Precision Agriculture}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, issn = {1385-2256}, doi = {10.1007/s11119-020-09766-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4890}, pages = {493 -- 523}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Soil acidification is caused by natural paedogenetic processes and anthropogenic impacts but can be counteracted by regular lime application. Although sensors and applicators for variable-rate liming (VRL) exist, there are no established strategies for using these tools or helping to implement VRL in practice. Therefore, this study aimed to provide guidelines for site-specific liming based on proximal soil sensing. First, high-resolution soil maps of the liming-relevant indicators (pH, soil texture and soil organic matter content) were generated using on-the-go sensors. The soil acidity was predicted by two ion-selective antimony electrodes (RMSEpH: 0.37); the soil texture was predicted by a combination of apparent electrical resistivity measurements and natural soil-borne gamma emissions (RMSEclay: 0.046 kg kg-1); and the soil organic matter (SOM) status was predicted by a combination of red (660 nm) and near-infrared (NIR, 970 nm) optical reflection measurements (RMSESOM: 6.4 g kg-1). Second, to address the high within-field soil variability (pH varied by 2.9 units, clay content by 0.44 kg kg-1 and SOM by 5.5 g kg-1), a well-established empirical lime recommendation algorithm that represents the best management practices for liming in Germany was adapted, and the lime requirements (LRs) were determined. The generated workflow was applied to a 25.6 ha test field in north-eastern Germany, and the variable LR was compared to the conventional uniform LR. The comparison showed that under the uniform liming approach, 63\% of the field would be over-fertilized by approximately 12 t of lime, 6\% would receive approximately 6 t too little lime and 31\% would still be adequately limed.}, language = {en} }