@article{TakovPilarskaLindeetal.2021, author = {Takov, Danail and Pilarska, Daniela and Linde, Andreas and Barta, Marek}, title = {Infectious and parasitic diseases of phytophagous insect pests in the context of extreme environmental conditions}, series = {Central European Forestry Journal}, volume = {67}, journal = {Central European Forestry Journal}, number = {2}, publisher = {Sciendo}, issn = {2454-0358}, doi = {10.2478/forj-2020-0018}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-2541}, pages = {72 -- 84}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The density of phytophagous insect pest populations is related (directly and indirectly) to several groups of factors that can be broadly divided into: abiotic, biotic and anthropogenic. Each extreme in the abiotic environment at a macro-level leads to a series of consecutive extremes in the biotic environment, which eventually results in micro-level responses in the individual organisms. The manifestation of factors acts in aggregate or in a sequence, creating a chain of processes around us. Insects very efficiently use the abundance of nutritional resources, resulting in a tremendous increase in their population density, and triggering control mechanisms through the emergence of parasitic and pathogenic infections (viruses, bacteria, fungi, microsporidia, protozoa and nematodes). The development of entomopathogenic infections in host populations is directly dependent on the characteristics of both the antagonist and the insect. It is associated with the lifestyle and life cycle of the insect, with features encoded in the mechanism of pathogen action, and limited by the pathogen's virulence and pathogenicity.}, language = {en} } @article{KereselidzePilarskaLindeetal.2020, author = {Kereselidze, Manana and Pilarska, Daniela and Linde, Andreas and Sanscrainte, Neil D. and Hajek, Ann E.}, title = {Nosema maddoxi infecting the brown marmorated Stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (St{\aa}l) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), in the Republic of Georgia}, series = {Biocontrol Science and Technology}, volume = {30}, journal = {Biocontrol Science and Technology}, number = {10}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, issn = {0958-3157}, doi = {10.1080/09583157.2020.1787346}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4942}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Halyomorpha halys is an invasive, polyphagous stink bug from Asia, first reported attacking hazelnut orchards in the Republic of Georgia in 2015. A microsporidian pathogen discovered in Georgian H. halys has been identified as Nosema maddoxi by sequencing the ribosomal small subunit gene. Nosema maddoxi is native to North America and has also been found in China and South Korea; in North America it infects native stink bugs and H. halys. Investigations were carried out during different seasons in three regions of West Georgia in 2018-2019. The highest prevalence of N. maddoxi was detected among overwintered adults collected in May in the Guria region.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KereselidzePilarskaUjmajuridzeetal.2023, author = {Kereselidze, M. and Pilarska, D. and Ujmajuridze, L. and Linde, Andreas and Guntadze, N. and Hajek, A.}, title = {Seasonal prevalence of Nosema maddoxi infection in Halyomorpha halys, an invasive pest of hazelnut orchards in Georgia}, series = {Acta Horticulturae}, booktitle = {Acta Horticulturae}, doi = {10.17660/ActaHortic.2023.1379.64}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-8283}, pages = {449 -- 454}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The prevalence of the microsporidium Nosema maddoxi in populations of brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys) from three sites in Guria and eight sites in Samegrelo, Georgia is described. Investigations were conducted on adults collected in fall and spring from fall 2020 to spring 2022. The prevalence of infection differed by both region and season. Total prevalence of N. maddoxi in adults from the Guria region was significantly higher than the Samegrelo region. Infection levels in fall were higher than in the spring in the Guria region, but inconsistent over seasons in the Samegrelo region. Infection levels did not differ by sex. We hypothesize that higher population densities and more adult aggregation in Guria compared with Samegrelo helps to explain the higher infection levels in Guria.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WeissLinde2023, author = {Weiss, Fabio and Linde, Andreas}, title = {How precise are size-weight equations for estimating carabid biomass and how could they be improved?}, series = {22. Tagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r allgemeine und angewandte Entomologie e.V. (DGaaE) 2023 in Bozen, Italien}, booktitle = {22. Tagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r allgemeine und angewandte Entomologie e.V. (DGaaE) 2023 in Bozen, Italien}, doi = {10.57741/opus4-396}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-3966}, pages = {1}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Insect biomass has been used as an ecological indicator in the past, but in recent years has become a key metric in the study of insect population trends, especially since first reports about the so-called insect decline (e.g. "Krefeld study" of 2017). However, measuring insect biomass can be methodologically challenging, and very labour intensive. For many datasets, weight measurements are not available and the original samples may have already been lost. Size-weight equations provide a straightforward method for estimating insect biomass when the insect's body length is known. If insects have been determined to species level one can also use the average body length given in literature. Based on the correlation between the body length and the weight of an insect, there is a variety of size-weight equations for different groups of insects. They are widely used in insect research, but have rarely been tested with independent data. We evaluated two size-weight models for carabid beetles, by Szyszko (1983) and Booij et al. (1994), drawing on previously published independent data by comparing model predictions with actual measurements of biomass, using relative deviation graphs and observed versus predicted from regression. Moreover, we also tested if the inclusion of additional taxonomic parameters, in this case subfamily, can improve results. We found that both models produced systematically biased results: Szyszko´s model gave more accurate results for larger species, while the model of Booij et al. did so for smaller species. This bias is most likely caused by the different origin of the respective training data. This underlines the restricted applicability of such models. We demonstrate that additional taxonomic parameters have the potential to increase the accuracy of size-weight equations and represent a potential solution to the issue of restricted applicability. As actual biomass measurements for carabids are scarce, data availability is limited to only few subfamilies. Until data on more subfamilies become available, we recommend a combined use of both evaluated models: Szyszko's model for carabids ≥ 11.8 mm, and the model of Booij et al. for carabids < 11.8 mm, respectively.}, language = {en} } @misc{LindeWeiss2023, author = {Linde, Andreas and Weiss, Fabio}, title = {Eberswalde Carabid Abundances 1999-2022}, doi = {10.48548/pubdata-23}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4386}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Ground beetles were caught from 1999 to 2022, between the beginning of May and the end of July each year, on 13 forest plots within one forest site (with the extension of approximately 1x1km) close to Eberswalde, Germany (52.820000, 13.790000). Not all plots were sampled each year and the researchers only included data from plots, which were sampled in three years or more. They used pitfall traps consisting of a 400ml glass jars positioned in a piece of PVC pipe, formaldehyde as trapping fluid and metal roofs. There were four pitfall traps at each plot, organised as either square or transect with approximately 20 meters between the traps. The layout of traps (square or transect) remained consistent for each plot throughout all sampled years. During the sampling period the traps were emptied three times, usually after four weeks (28 days), however, the exact sampling length occasionally varied. Prior to data analysis, the researchers excluded all data from traps that had been disturbed by factors such as rain, wild animals or vandalism. Abundances represent the sum of all individuals of species belonging to the Carabidae family that were caught in one pitfall trap during one sampling interval. This is an updated version of the dataset Eberswalde Carabid Abundances 1999-2021 (DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-11). It includes additional data sampled in 2022. Sampling abundances are no longer pooled for all traps per plot but listed for each trap individually.}, language = {en} } @article{KereselidzePilarskaGuntadzeetal.2022, author = {Kereselidze, Manana and Pilarska, Daniela and Guntadze, Nika and Linde, Andreas}, title = {Halyomorpha halys St{\aa}l, (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae) feeding effects on some agriculturalfruits in Georgia}, series = {Turkish Journal of Zoology}, volume = {46}, journal = {Turkish Journal of Zoology}, number = {3}, publisher = {T{\"u}bitak}, issn = {1300-0179}, doi = {10.55730/1300-0179.3058}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7441}, pages = {298 -- 303}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Feeding effects of the invasive, polyphagous brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae), on some agricultural fruits (hazelnut, blueberry, mandarin, lemon) were investigated in Guria and Samegrelo regions of Georgia in 2019 and 2020. The damage to hazelnut kernels was evaluated when H. halys adults were allowed to feed on kernels in different stages of development. Furthermore, BMSB adults were allowed to feed on almost ripened fruits of blueberry, on small mandarin fruits which were not yet well developed, and on ripened fruits of mandarin. The evaluation of damage on lemon was recorded after allowing adult BMSB on small, not yet developed fruits and on almost developed fruits. It was shown that hazelnuts are susceptible to damage caused by feeding of BMSB throughout the entire period of kernel development (100\% of kernels were damaged and did not develop at all). Furthermore, BMSB damages blueberry severely (100\% damage) when the fruits are almost ripened. Damage to mandarin fruits in early development stages was over 90\%, and 100\% of ripened mandarin fruits dropped to the ground. We did not find any damage when BMSB was allowed to feed on Lemon throughout the development of the fruits.}, language = {en} } @article{WeissvonWehrdenLinde2023, author = {Weiss, Fabio and von Wehrden, Henrik and Linde, Andreas}, title = {Random year intercepts in mixed models help to assess uncertainties in insect population trends}, series = {Insect Conservation and Diversity}, volume = {16}, journal = {Insect Conservation and Diversity}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {1752-4598}, doi = {10.1111/icad.12644}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6496}, pages = {531 -- 537}, year = {2023}, abstract = {1. An increasing number of studies is investigating insect population trends based on time series data. However, the available data is often subject to temporal pseudoreplication. Inter-annual variability of environmental conditions and strong fluctuations in insect abundances can impede reliable trend estimation. Temporal random effect structures in regression models have been proposed as solution for this issue, but remain controversial. 2. We investigated trends in ground beetle abundance across 24 years using generalised linear mixed models. We fitted four models: A base model, a model featuring a random year intercept, a model featuring basic weather parameters, and a model featuring both random year intercept and weather parameters. We then performed a simple sensitivity analysis to assess the robustness of the four models with respect to influential years, also testing for possible spurious baseline and snapshot effects. 3. The model structure had a significant impact on the overall magnitude of the estimated trends. However, we found almost no difference among the models in how the removal of single years (sensitivity analysis) relatively affected trend coefficients. The two models with a random year intercept yielded significantly larger confidence intervals and their p-values were more sensitive during sensitivity analysis. Significant differences of the model with random year intercept and weather parameters to all other models suggest that the random year effects and specific weather effects are rather additive than interchangeable. 4. We conclude that random year intercepts help to produce more reliable and cautious uncertainty measures for insect population trends. Moreover, they might help to identify influential years in sensitivity analyses more easily. We recommend random year intercepts in addition to any variables representing temporally variable environmental conditions, such as weather variables.}, language = {en} } @article{WeissLinde2022, author = {Weiss, Fabio and Linde, Andreas}, title = {How to estimate carabid biomass?—an evaluation of size-weight models for ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and perspectives for further improvement}, series = {Journal of Insect Conservation}, volume = {26}, journal = {Journal of Insect Conservation}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, issn = {1366-638X}, doi = {10.1007/s10841-022-00391-6}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4983}, pages = {537 -- 548}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Biomass is an important metric for monitoring carabid populations and serves as an ecological indicator. Models that predict carabid weight based on body size represent a simple and straightforward method to estimate biomass and are therefore commonly used. However, such models are rarely evaluated against independent validation data. In this study, we evaluated the two widely used size-weight models by Szyszko (1983) and Booij et al. (1994) drawing on previously published independent data. Additionally, we developed and tested four new models to also evaluate the potential effect of taxonomic parameters; and compared model predictions with actual measurements of biomass using relative deviation graphs and observed versus predicted from regression. We show that the two models by Szyszko (1983) and Booij et al. (1994) contain systematic bias towards larger and smaller carabids, respectively, suggesting restricted applicability of such models. Additional taxonomic parameters improved weight predictions, indicating one possible solution to the issue of restricted applicability. We discuss further relevant limitations of size-weight models and their application and recommend a combined use of the models of Szyszko (1983) and Booij et al. (1994) for carabids ≥ 11.8 mm and < 11.8 mm, respectively. Implications for insect conservation: Size-weight models are a suitable and simple method to estimate the biomass of carabids and have great potential to be used in monitoring schemes, the investigation of long-term trends and ecological studies. It is, however, essential that researchers pay special attention to potential restrictions in their applicability and methodological limitations.}, language = {en} } @article{KovačLindeLackovićetal.2021, author = {Kovač, Marta and Linde, Andreas and Lacković, Nikola and Bollmann, Friedrich and Pernek, Milan}, title = {Natural infestation of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria pseudobassiana on overwintering Corythucha arcuata (Say) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) and its efficacy under laboratory conditions}, series = {Forest Ecology and Management}, journal = {Forest Ecology and Management}, number = {491}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {0378-1127}, doi = {10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119193}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4973}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The invasive oak lace bug Corythucha arcuata (Say, 1832) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) was first recorded in lowland stands of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) in Eastern Croatia in 2013, from where it expanded to the west causing summer yellowing and intensive chlorotic damages of oak leaves. In 2018, the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria pseudobassiana Rehner and Humber (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) was isolated from several dead C. arcuata adults found in moss, a typical place for overwintering. The first aim of this study was to estimate the number of overwintering adults per m2 of moss, their natural mortality, and natural infestation by this fungus. Moss and oak lace bugs were collected from oak trees at six different locations in infested forests in Spačva basin. C. arcuata individuals were counted and separated for further analysis and determination of possible fungal infections. Results demonstrated a high rate of mortality among overwintering individuals (65\%), with 19\% of them infested by various entomopathogenic fungi, of which 70\% belonged to B. pseudobassiana. The second aim of this study was to test fungal virulence against C. arcuata under laboratory conditions and to study differences between the isolates. A suspension of conidia (concentration: 1 × 108 conidia/ml) was sprayed on healthy adults of C. arcuata on moss patches. Results showed no difference in mortality rates between the isolates (96-97\%), but one isolate produced a mycosis of 49\% compared to 32\% of the other isolate, with 4\% of mycosis in control. The results presented here demonstrate this fungus as an antagonist, and indicate it as a potential candidate for future biological control of this invasive pest.}, language = {en} } @article{YamanAydinLindeetal.2022, author = {Yaman, Mustafa and Aydin, {\c{C}}i{\c{c}}ek and Linde, Andreas and Radek, Renate}, title = {A new microsporidian pathogen, Vairimorpha gastrophysae sp. nov., isolated from Gastrophysa viridula (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)}, series = {European Journal of Protistology}, journal = {European Journal of Protistology}, number = {86}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {0932-4739}, doi = {10.1016/j.ejop.2022.125913}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4992}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Gastrophysa viridula DeGeer 1775, the green dock leaf beetle, belongs to a group of beneficial insects, which can be used as a classical biological control agent against sorrels (Rumex sp., Polygonaceae). Therefore, any infection by pathogenic organisms in this beetle is undesirable. In the present study, a new microsporidian pathogen isolated from G. viridula was identified based on morphological and ultrastructural characteristics, supported with a molecular phylogenetic analysis. Light and transmission electron microscopy studies indicated that the microsporidium was polymorphic throughout its life cycle. Sporulation stages were not all in direct contact with the host-cell cytoplasm. The fresh single diplokaryotic spores of the secondary sporulation cycle had a long narrow morphology, measuring about 5 × 2.1 µm (n = 50). Octospores produced in the secondary sporulation cycle were also observed. Morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of the life cycle stages place it within the genus Vairimorpha. The phylogenetic tree constructed on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis supports the morphological and ultrastructural characteristics and indicates that the pathogen is closely related to the Vairimorpha clade of microsporidia. The pathogen is named Vairimorpha gastrophysae sp. nov.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MartinKampenLindeetal.2020, author = {Martin, Jakob and Kampen, Helge and Linde, Andreas and Werner, Doreen}, title = {The mosquito fauna (Diptera: Culicidae) of the „forest city" Eberswalde}, series = {Mitteilungen der DGaaE}, volume = {22}, booktitle = {Mitteilungen der DGaaE}, issn = {0344-9084}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4954}, pages = {211 -- 216}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Um einen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber die Stechm{\"u}ckenfauna (Diptera: Culicidae) der Waldstadt Eberswalde in Brandenburg, Deutschland, zu gewinnen, wurden zwischen Ende Mai und Ende September 2016 M{\"u}ckenlarven, -puppen und -imagines in ihren verschiedenen Habitaten auf Friedh{\"o}fen, urbanen und landwirtschaftlichen Fl{\"a}chen, in W{\"a}ldern, Kleing{\"a}rten und Parks gesammelt. Aquatische Stadien wurden mit einem Dipper oder einem Sieb, Adulte mit einem Aspirator, einem Kescher oder per Hand gefangen. Insgesamt konnten so 670 M{\"u}ckenexemplare erhalten werden, die 14 Arten bzw. Artkomplexe aus den f{\"u}nf Gattungen Aedes, Anopheles, Coquillettidia, Culex und Culiseta repr{\"a}sentierten. 550 Individuen, die als Larven und Puppen gesammelt worden waren, geh{\"o}rten vier Taxa an: Aedes annulipes-Gruppe, Ae. geniculatus, An. plumbeus und Culex pipiens-Komplex. Die 120 gefangenen Imagines wiesen eine wesent- lich h{\"o}here Artenvielfalt auf und setzten sich aus 14 Taxa in f{\"u}nf Gattungen zusammen. Die meisten Exemplare geh{\"o}rten zum Cx. pipiens-Komplex, wovon 116 M{\"a}nnchen morphologisch in Cx. pipiens und Cx. torrentium separiert werden konnten. Die Gattung Aedes war mit der h{\"o}chsten Artenvielfalt vertreten (acht Taxa); die Gattungen Coquillettidia und Culiseta waren am seltensten (13 bzw. 5 Exemplare) und wurden nicht im aquatischen Stadium nachgewiesen. Friedh{\"o}fe zeigten die h{\"o}chste Anzahl und Dichte von potenziellen Brutpl{\"a}tzen im urbanen Raum, wurden allerdings fast ausschließlich von M{\"u}cken des Cx. pipiens-Komplexes genutzt. Im Gegensatz dazu besaßen W{\"a}lder und Parks die h{\"o}chste Artenvielfalt (acht bzw. neun Arten). Keine Stechm{\"u}cken wurden auf landwirtschaftlichen Fl{\"a}chen gefunden. Ab Ende August sank die Anzahl der gesammelten aquatischen Exemplare deutlich ab. W{\"a}hrend keine Neozoen, die als {\"U}bertr{\"a}ger von Krankheitserregern gelten, in den Proben festzustellen waren, zeigt die Studie ein Artenspektrum an einheimischen Arten, das m{\"o}gliche Vektoren enth{\"a}lt.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PilarskaSchafellnerGeorgievetal.2020, author = {Pilarska, Daniela and Schafellner, Christa and Georgiev, Georgi and Georgieva, Margarita and Mirchev, Plamen and Zelinka, Peter and Grollnigg, Katrin and Goertz, D{\"o}rte and Linde, Andreas and Hoch, Gernot}, title = {Entomophaga maimaiga, an introduced pathogen of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, in Europe: A joint study in Bulgaria and Austria}, series = {Mitteilungen der DGaaE}, volume = {22}, booktitle = {Mitteilungen der DGaaE}, issn = {0344-9084}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4963}, pages = {285 -- 288}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Der aus Ostasien stammende entomopathogene Pilz Entomophaga maimaiga (Entomophthoromycota: Entomophthorales) hat in Nordamerika sein Potential als wirksamer Antagonist des Schwammspinners Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) gezeigt. In den Jahren 1999 und 2000 wurde der Pilz als Maßnahme der biologischen Bek{\"a}mpfung von L. dispar in Bulgarien freigesetzt. Seither hat sich E. maimaiga rasch auf der Balkanhalbinsel und in S{\"u}dosteuropa ausgebreitet. Untersuchungen an zahlreichen blattfressenden Insekten best{\"a}tigten die hohe Wirtsspezifit{\"a}t. In einem Kooperationsprojekt wurde der Status von E. maimaiga in Bulgarien und {\"O}sterreich untersucht. Achtzehn Jahre nach der Einb{\"u}rgerung ist der Pilz in Bulgarien etabliert, und hohe Mortalit{\"a}ten bei L. dispar werden seither regelm{\"a}ßig dokumentiert. In {\"O}sterreich wurde E. maimaiga in Screenings in den Jahren 2014 und 2018 in insgesamt 15 Eichenw{\"a}ldern mit bekannten L. dispar-Vorkommen nicht nachgewiesen. Im Sommer 2019 wurden in zwei Eichenw{\"a}ldern in Nieder{\"o}sterreich tote L. dispar Larven gefunden, die mit E. maimaiga infiziert waren.}, language = {en} }