@misc{WenigReppeHorbeltetal.2023, author = {Wenig, Charlett and Reppe, Friedrich and Horbelt, Nils and Spener, Jaromir and Berendt, Ferr{\´e}ol and Cremer, Tobias and Burgert, Ingo and Eder, Michaela}, title = {Adhesives free bark panels: an alternative application for a waste material}, doi = {10.17617/3.AZRWF3}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6118}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @article{BerendtBajalanWenigetal.2023, author = {Berendt, Ferr{\´e}ol and Bajalan, Iman and Wenig, Charlett and Hinds, Charlotte and Blaško, Ľubom{\´i}r and Cremer, Tobias}, title = {Estimation of Scots pine bark biomass delivered to the wood industry in Northern Germany}, series = {Central European Forestry Journal}, volume = {69}, journal = {Central European Forestry Journal}, number = {2}, publisher = {Sciendo}, issn = {2454-0358}, doi = {10.2478/forj-2022-0019}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6126}, pages = {89 -- 97}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is the most widely distributed pine species in the world. In Germany, as in many other European countries, it is a very important species both culturally and economically. Few studies have focused on bark volumes being delivered to the wood industry together with the roundwood, being potentially a valuable resource for material or energetic utilization. Therefore, logs from six different forest sites were collected and bark variables including double bark thickness (DBT) in three different categories, diameter, and bark damage (as a degree of miss-DBT) in three different categories, diameter, and bark damage (as a degree of miss-ing bark) were measured and analyzed in order to model bark volume (Vbark) and bark mass (Mbark). The correlation analysis using Pearson's method showed that the highest correlation coefficients were observed from the correla-tion between DBT and Vbark, as well as between DBT and Mbark. Also, results demonstrated that with DBT greater than 20 mm, the percentage of Vbark exceeded 20\%. Finally, different linear regression models were recommended to predict Vbark and Mbark based on the other variables. The results of this study can be used in different wood industries in order to predict bark volume and bark mass of e.g. truckloads or roundwood stacks.}, language = {en} } @article{WenigReppeHorbeltetal.2023, author = {Wenig, Charlett and Reppe, Friedrich and Horbelt, Nils and Spener, Jaromir and Berendt, Ferr{\´e}ol and Cremer, Tobias and Frey, Marion and Burgert, Ingo and Eder, Michaela}, title = {Adhesives free bark panels: An alternative application for a waste material}, series = {PloS one}, volume = {18}, journal = {PloS one}, number = {1}, publisher = {Public Library of Science (PLoS)}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0280721}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6104}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The proportion of bark in tree trunks is in the range of ~ 10-20\%. This large amount of material is currently mainly considered as a by- or even waste-product by the timber processing industry. Recently, efforts towards the use of bark have been made, e.g. as a raw material to harvest different chemical compounds or as an additive for wood particle boards. Our motivation for this work was to keep the bark in an almost natural state and explore alternative processes and applications for use. The traditional method of de-barking tree trunks by peeling was used to harvest large bark pieces. Two pieces of peeled bark were placed crosswise, with the rhytidom side (outer bark) facing each other. After different conditioning steps, bark pieces were hot pressed to panels without adding adhesives. These experiments on bark samples of different Central European tree species suggest that production of panels with species dependent properties is possible and feasible. This is a step towards producing sustainable panels by using a natural waste material, while retaining its beneficial structure and its natural chemical composition.}, language = {en} } @article{FelleEstenfelderWenigetal., author = {Felle, Tim Konrad and Estenfelder, Jannis and Wenig, Charlett and Berendt, Ferr{\´e}ol and Eder, Michaela and Cheng, Tian and Benz, Johan Philipp}, title = {Tree bark as a substrate for mycelium-bound composites with two Ganoderma species}, series = {Discover Materials}, volume = {6}, journal = {Discover Materials}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, issn = {2730-7727}, doi = {10.1007/s43939-025-00507-0}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-10886}, abstract = {Bark is currently considered a by-product of the wood industry and is mostly incinerated for energy, left in forests, or used as a mulch layer in gardens, parks, and forests to help prevent soil from drying out. However, considering that bark makes up about 10-20\% of the tree volume, there is a considerable amount of material that can be exploited and should be investigated in terms of a resource-efficient bioeconomy. One way to use bark as a raw material for innovative products could be as a substrate within mycelium-bound composite materials. However, since one of the natural functions of bark is to inhibit microbial infestation of the trees, it was unclear whether bark could be utilized in this manner. Therefore, we investigate in this study the possibilities of producing such composites by evaluating the performance of several bark-fungus combinations. Three different barks (from Douglas fir, Scots pine and European birch) and two species of fungi ( Ganoderma resinaceum and Ganoderma adspersum ) were selected for the experiments. Mycelium growth rates were evaluated with a newly developed method using fungal "growth tubes". In addition, composites were prepared for performance tests from pure bark and 1:1 mixture of bark and beech wood sawdust. Composites made of mixed bark and beech wood were mostly well overgrown with a thick layer of mycelium on the surface, supporting higher compression strengths. The mycelium layer on the composites made with tree bark only was considerably thinner, resulting in lower compression strength. Water absorption potential was found to be highly dependent on the mycelium layer on the composite surfaces, which has substantial hydrophobic properties. Overall, although the required incubation times tend to be longer than for other commonly used substrates, our experiments demonstrate that bark clearly represents a potential co-substrate for the production of mycelium-bound composites.}, language = {en} }