@inproceedings{KlingSchroeterVogeletal.2021, author = {Kling, Charlotte and Schr{\"o}ter, Ingmar and Vogel, Sebastian and B{\"o}necke, Eric and R{\"u}hlmann, J{\"o}rg and Gebbers, Robin and L{\"u}ck, Katrin and Schubert, Torsten and Gerlach, Felix and Philipp, Golo and Scheibe, Dirk and Zieger, Karin and Palme, Stefan and Kramer, Eckart}, title = {Optimization of soil pH and crop yield based on a precision liming strategy guided by proximal soil sensing: Results of three on-farm field trails}, series = {Landscape 2021 Diversity for sustainable and resilient agriculture, Online conference, 20.-22.09.2021}, booktitle = {Landscape 2021 Diversity for sustainable and resilient agriculture, Online conference, 20.-22.09.2021}, editor = {Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF),}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7741}, pages = {292}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Soil acidity is a key factor for soil fertility as it simultaneously influences several yield-relevant soil properties and thus the productivity of agricultural soils. Besides natural pedogenetic processes, on agricultural land, soil acidification is amplified by the removal of the harvested biomass as well as by the application of acidifying fertilizers. Therefore, regular lime application on agricultural fields is inevitable to sustain soil quality and productivity. In Germany, the standard method for defining the lime requirement of a soil is the VDLUFA framework of the German Advisory Board for Agricultural Analytics. The VDLUFA method uses look-up tables that define the lime requirement according to soil texture, soil pH (CaCl2) and soil organic matter (SOM) content (LVLF et al., 2008). To determine these lime-relevant parameters, fields should be subdivided into subunits of 3 to 5 ha. Within a subunit, one mixed sample from 15 to 20 samples should form a composite sample for further reference lab analysis. However, a uniform lime requirement determined for subunits of 3 to 5 ha is often in contrast to the real soil variability observed in the field (Kling et al., 2019). In order to reflect the within-field soil variability, a few studies have demonstrated the use of high-resolution proximal soil sensing (PSS) data as tools for variable rate (VR) lime application (B{\"o}necke et al., 2020; P{\"a}tzold et al., 2020). However, there is a lack of studies that evaluate the feasibility and benefit of VR methods in on-farm field trails. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare the performance of site-specific liming based on PSS to optimize soil pH and crop yield with that of commonly applied standard liming methods in Germany. To determine the effect and practicability of the VRA method, a multi-site-multi-year experiment was conducted between 2017 and 2020 on three sites in Brandenburg, Germany. The trial compared the effects on soil pH and crop yield of three lime management practices: variable-rate liming based on PSS data (VR-PS), uniform liming rate based on the VDLUFA standard method (UR), and no liming (ZR). Soil texture and soil pH were assessed with two mobile sensor platforms: the Geophilus system measuring apparent electrical resistivity (ERa) and Gamma-radiation and the Veris pH Manager (Veris Technologies Inc., Salina, KS, USA). Crop yields were obtained from revenue recordings of combine harvesters. Lime prescription maps were generated with an adapted and stepless VDLUFA algorithm, allowing a continuous CaO recommendation (B{\"o}necke et al., 2020). Based on these maps, management zones were delineated to perform lime spreading with state-of-the-art technique. In this study, we outline the conceptual framework of the VR liming approach and present first results from the on-farm field trials to verify the VR approach for an optimized soil acidity management as well as consider whether the higher economic revenue can compensate for added costs for mapping services and spreading technologies.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RossoWallorSesermanetal.2021, author = {Rosso, Pablo and Wallor, Evelyn and Seserman, Diana-Maria and Wehrhan, Marc and Richter, Lars}, title = {Measuring nitrogen in crops at different scales and levels: a comparison of sensors}, series = {Landscape 2021 Diversity for sustainable and resilient agriculture, Online conference, 20.-22.09.2021}, booktitle = {Landscape 2021 Diversity for sustainable and resilient agriculture, Online conference, 20.-22.09.2021}, editor = {Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF),}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7724}, pages = {100}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Crop sensing technology is in continuous development. Proximal and remote sensors measuring different physical properties of plant tissue, as surrogates for nutritional and health status are being developed in response to the ever-increasing need of quick and reliable crop monitoring for precision agriculture. A recently developed fluorescent-based device, Multiplex, is of particular interest for high spatial resolution modeling and managing systems, given its capacity of measuring fluorescence properties of chlorophyll and other pigments at both leaf and canopy levels, and both in discrete ("one-shot") and continuous ("on-the-go") measuring modes. The goal of this research was to assess the ability of Multiplex to measure nitrogen (N) content of different crops and compare it with the performance of other well-established sensors. Several fields with spring and winter barley and corn at three locations in Brandenburg representing different levels of N fertilization were chosen for the measurements. Leaf N content (\% weight) from plant samples was compared to measurements of: Fluorescence (Multiplex Research sensor), light transmittance (SPAD sensor), and reflectance (ASD Field Spectrometer). Additionally, direct canopy fluorescence (Multiplex Research sensor) was compared to canopy reflectance (ASD Field Spectrometer), light transmittance of leaf composites (SPAD sensor) and remote reflectance from multispectral sensors on remotely piloted aircrafts (RPA) or drones. Out of the 25 variables Multiplex produces at each reading, the Chlorophyll Index, the Flavonoid Index and the Nitrogen Balance Index showed the closest relationships to N. All these variables contain infrared and red fluorescence components suggesting that these have a key role in chlorophyll and N determination. In general, however, SPAD showed higher accuracy than fluorescence as a predictor of N content in leaves. Despite of this, Multiplex seems particularly convenient for fast on-field assessment of crop canopy status. At the canopy level, drone-based sensors can be as accurate as Multiplex to assess the N status of the crops under study. In the case of Multiplex, however, since the device reads are taken below the canopy and parallel to the ground, measurements are not affected by canopy density and soil background, which can be an inconvenience for vertical reflectance measurements as provided by drones and spectrometers.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ZuberiSpiesAlffetal.2021, author = {Zuberi, Mehwish and Spies, Michael and Alff, Henryk and Raab, Christoph and Zakirova, Aksana}, title = {Participatory knowledge mapping as a basis of decision making for sustainable agrarian land use systems}, series = {Landscape 2021 Diversity for sustainable and resilient agriculture, Online conference, 20.-22.09.2021}, booktitle = {Landscape 2021 Diversity for sustainable and resilient agriculture, Online conference, 20.-22.09.2021}, editor = {Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF),}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7716}, pages = {64}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Agricultural systems world-wide are facing an increasing level of uncertainty and risk in light of unprecedented climate and environmental change. The ecological challenges for agrarian sectors are further complicated by social factors such as growing world population and an expanding demand for biomass-based products. Formalized knowledge structures can benefit from approaches that consolidate informal local knowledge networks in understanding social and ecological change related causal chains (Teng{\"o} et al., 2013). This is especially relevant for the research-policy interface concerning sustainable agrarian system management. As part of the junior research group TRANSECT, which investigates the social-ecological effects and interdependencies of agrarian transformations in Central and South Asia, a framework for knowledge mapping on sustainable land use systems is under development. We aim to bring together knowledge from local land users and other relevant stakeholders to develop future policy scenarios related to bio-based economy in the agrarian sector and to critically assess their social and ecological consequences on the ground. Our proposed framework is inspired by previous experiences with the MARISCO method (Ibisch and Hobson, 2014; www.marisco.training), a methodology for the adaptive management of risk and vulnerability, developed at the Center for Econics and Ecosystem Management in the Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development. This approach has been applied in various projects of natural resource management as a tool that allows the collection of complex and diffused knowledge from different sources, and to structure, evaluate, and prepare for the development of integrated solutions. The visual presentation of existing knowledge in the form of 'knowledge maps' that raise awareness of ignorance, and the systemic identification of knowledge gaps and risks are central features of MARISCO method (Ibisch and Hobson, 2014). While the original methodology provides an established and proven toolbox for evaluating the ecological dimension of complex socio-environmental challenges, our inspired methodology elaborates on the social dimension of environmental and societal threats as well as policy interventions, for which we find it crucial to put a stronger emphasis on equity. In contrast to the more ecosystem-focused MARISCO method, a central feature of our approach is a socially differentiated analysis that distinguishes between different social groups or strata when evaluating social (and ecosystem) services and the (social) impact of stresses or threats. We will introduce and elaborate on our proposed participatory and socially differentiated approach for knowledge mapping on sustainable land use systems with illustrative examples from experiences in Central Asia. As our current experience shows, a key challenge in designing and implementing such approaches is to take social-ecological complexity seriously while keeping the method manageable for regular workshop settings without overburdening participants.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ViewegerDoeringBlochetal.2021, author = {Vieweger, Anja and D{\"o}ring, Thomas Felix and Bloch, Ralf and Bachinger, Johann}, title = {Inspiring change in agricultural practices}, series = {Landscape 2021 Diversity for sustainable and resilient agriculture, Online conference, 20.-22.09.2021}, booktitle = {Landscape 2021 Diversity for sustainable and resilient agriculture, Online conference, 20.-22.09.2021}, editor = {Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF),}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7700}, pages = {50}, year = {2021}, abstract = {An international group of 15 organic and biodynamic farmers have collaborated since early 2015 to develop their own strategies and learning concepts to increase health on their farms. After jointly formulating ten core statements as their own practical principles for managing healthy farming systems, they went on to develop a training strategy to transfer this knowledge about promoting health on organic farms, describing a co-learning concept to collaborate with their peers in a long-term process. Most suitable, appropriate methods and optimal conditions were discussed for successfully spreading such complex tacit knowledge among other farmers, and crucially, for invoking change in behavior. One core concept emerged as being most critical for success - inspiration. It was the group members' or peers' ability to inspire, which, in their experience, was key to stimulate their own change of practices, motivate trials with new methods, or adopt a new perspective or philosophy for managing their farm. They described that it was not only the reading about different techniques, or seeing new machinery in action during a farmer field day - the actual spark that triggered their own action was in most cases personal interaction. The personal exchange and inspiration among peers, who have established a sound level of trust, who share their experiences, as well as passions and failures seemed to be most likely the key element of farmer learning. This was particularly true for learning and enhancing soft skills, such as intuition, gut-feeling or self-reflection - all essential skills for running healthy organic farms according to the farmer group. The farmers of this project series have attributed great value to learning with and from each other during a co-learning process, in particular when the group is regularly stimulated by and collaborating with interdisciplinary researchers who are embedded in this co-learning process. We could therefore conclude that not only participatory-/action research or multi-actor approaches, but agricultural research in general benefits from a deep connection and understanding between researchers and farmers, to successfully inspire change in practices, and the adoption of new philosophies and perspectives that trigger long lasting transformation.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BrucknerKlingDroscha2021, author = {Bruckner, August and Kling, Charlotte and Droscha, Anne}, title = {Concepts to include farmers as co-researchers - the living lab approach of the project "NutriNet"}, series = {Landscape 2021 Diversity for sustainable and resilient agriculture, Online conference, 20.-22.09.2021}, booktitle = {Landscape 2021 Diversity for sustainable and resilient agriculture, Online conference, 20.-22.09.2021}, editor = {Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF),}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7698}, pages = {49}, year = {2021}, abstract = {A key characteristic of current and future challenges towards a climate-resilient and sustainable agricultural landscape is their complexity, that leads to difficulties in implementation of scientific findings in agricultural practice. The implementation of new strategies in nutrient management on organic farms is such a complex challenge due to regional differences in perception and soil resources as well as individual prerequisites on farms. The project "NutriNet: competence- and co-research network for development of nutrient management in organic farming" meets this challenge by building a living lab according to Dell'Erra \& Landoni (2014) and Rose et al. (2018) and aims i) to derive region-specific nutrient management advice for organic farms from scientific findings in field trials (nutrient management research), ii) to ensure implementation of these advice through group motivation and enable an exchange of expert knowledge in Field Schools (transformative research), iii) as well as to evaluate key methods, roles, competences and resources for an implementation-oriented co-research process (process research). Sixty farmers organized in six regions in Germany build the basis of the "NutriNet" living lab, each accompanied by a regional consultant and a group of scientists on a joint level. All actors are involved in the co-research process to varying degrees depending on the stage of the process and can take on different roles. Process steps are ideation, development of the experimental question and design, trial implementation, data analysis, interpretation of data and implementation and transfer of results. The living lab character is especially addressed in the structure of the co-research process for conducting field trials in the "NutriNet" project as it describes a learning system within the system. The co-research concept allows to take different experimental designs into account, namely field trials with a demonstrative character that provide methodological skills for farmers and pre-test results as well as field trials with spatial and temporal repetitions that meet scientific requirements. In order to reduce the scientific framework conditions to such an extent that, on the one hand, scientifically valid results and, on the other hand, the highest possible feasibility of the experiments by the farmers can be guaranteed, so-called regional and network trials are being tested in NutriNet. The concept is based on taking randomization and spatial repetition into account by repeatedly setting up the trial at several locations. In order to take environmental influences (soil, climate) into account, the possible sites are divided into groups according to site characteristics by using a cluster analysis. By involving not only one but many farmers throughout the whole co-research process and enabling exchange among them in Field-Schools, methodological training and implementation of findings are addressed as a part of the research. After one year of field trials two regional trials with ten and seven farmers were set up as well as one network trial on thirteen farms in four regions. Methodological evaluation of the process led to adjustments in experimental design, data collection and coordination between experts that are implemented in a new series of network trials starting in autumn 2021.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DoeringViewegerKlingetal.2021, author = {D{\"o}ring, Thomas Felix and Vieweger, Anja and Kling, Charlotte and Bruckner, August and Stumm, Christoph and Bloch, Ralf}, title = {The three freedoms required by transformative agricultural research}, series = {Landscape 2021 Diversity for sustainable and resilient agriculture, Online conference, 20.-22.09.2021}, booktitle = {Landscape 2021 Diversity for sustainable and resilient agriculture, Online conference, 20.-22.09.2021}, editor = {Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF),}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7680}, pages = {48}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Societies' calls for addressing the urgent problems of climate change, biodiversity loss and other environmental crises are becoming ever louder. Responding to this, and to the growing severity of global threats to agricultural and food systems, national and international research funders are increasingly demanding that funded projects achieve real-world transformation of farming systems towards true sustainability and resilience. This development is not only a new funding opportunity for researchers. Because separating the roles of knowledge generation and knowledge exchange with practice will often fail to achieve the necessary transformation, (at least some) researchers will need to engage in this transdisciplinary process of transformative agricultural research. As a consequence, the roles of these researchers need to shift towards stronger integration in farming practice, and deeper exchange with practitioners, adding a new key role to teaching and research. We argue that meeting the goals of the mission of transformative research in agriculture requires three essential freedoms. First, researchers need to be free to engage in this transformative research. This entails a freed mindset, which enables researchers to leave behind traditional roles, e.g. for true knowledge exchange, co-design of projects, and learning from farmers. In addition, there needs to be a stronger appreciation for transdisciplinary and transformative research in the research community, accompanied by a reduced pressure to perform in other currently dominating assessment categories. Second, farmers need to be free to engage in this process as well. Again, this requires an open mindset, e.g. to engage in, and learn from collaborative research, but also available funds and time to engage in the process. Third, transformative agricultural research needs freedom in the project structure and in administrative rules. This includes the permission to fail and to tolerate errors, so that the people involved in the process are able to learn from mistakes. In addition, this is required so that projects are not set up to avoid risks, and can really be transformative and contain innovative elements. Finally, funders will need to show trust in the parties and to reduce administrative burden. Within this framework we discuss the success factors and limitations of transformative agricultural research using examples from various recent national and international projects.}, language = {en} } @article{LauterbachBrunsHaering2023, author = {Lauterbach, Josephine and Bruns, Antonia Johanna and H{\"a}ring, Anna Maria}, title = {Exploring Consumer Preference towards the On-Farm Slaughtering of Beef in Germany: A Discrete Choice Experiment}, series = {Foods}, journal = {Foods}, number = {12}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2304-8158}, doi = {10.3390/foods12183473}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7753}, pages = {15}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Current production standards and communication campaigns about animal welfare in relation to beef strongly emphasise the "humane" rearing of cattle. Aspects such as transport and slaughtering conditions are often overlooked in both production standards and communications with consumers. Long transport routes and conventional slaughtering can cause significant stress to animals and have negative impacts on their welfare and on meat quality. On-farm slaughter can address these criticisms. Communicating the value of low-stress slaughtering conditions like on-farm slaughtering may offer significant sales potential for a premium market segment. In this study, we explore consumers' preferences and willingness to pay for beef that is slaughtered on-farm rather than in conventional abattoirs. We conducted an online survey (n = 400) in 2022, with a sample that is representative of the German population with respect to gender, age, income and education. Our survey included a discrete choice experiment for the purchase of minced beef, incorporating product attributes that influence purchase decisions. These included: price, information on the social, economic and environmental benefits of regional production, different production standards (conventional/organic) and information on on-farm slaughtering. Our findings indicate that consumers derive the highest utility from a low price, followed by information about on-farm slaughtering. Participants indicated a preference for information on high animal welfare over high beef quality. We conclude that highlighting on-farm slaughtering could be a significant benefit in marketing premium beef products.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{vonMuenchhausenBehrendtCronienetal.2022, author = {von M{\"u}nchhausen, Susanne and Behrendt, Gerlinde and Cronien, Evelien and Fieldsend, Andrew and H{\"a}ring, Anna Maria}, title = {The role of different types of organisations supporting interactive innovation in agriculture and forestry}, series = {Digital Book of Proceedings 14th European IFSA Symposium Farming Systems Facing Climate Change and Resource Challenges}, booktitle = {Digital Book of Proceedings 14th European IFSA Symposium Farming Systems Facing Climate Change and Resource Challenges}, editor = {Faustina, Sandra and Pinto-Correas, Teresa}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.6562671}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7668}, pages = {195}, year = {2022}, abstract = {A large variety of organisations provides support for cooperative approaches in the field of research and innovation in agriculture, forestry and rural development, and acts as Innovation Support Services (ISS). The findings from ProAkis (2015) show that different types of organisations such as administrative offices, public or semi-public advisory services, rural academies/universities, producer organisations, other NGOs or private consultants engaged in the Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation System (AKIS) can act as ISS. The funding of ISS can be public, private or a mix of both. A first literature review indicates that studies often focus on the larger "enabling environment" and the structure of the Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation Systems (AKIS). Moreover, many authors pay particular attention to the role of public or semi-public advisory organisations (Knierim et al., 2015; Sulaiman 2015). The aim of this paper is to assess the different types of organisations that provide support for interactive innovation, and to analyse the particular role of each type of organisation for interactive innovation projects. Particular attention will be payed to the divers group of organisations that are not part of a (semi)-public advisory organisation. The paper is based on the analysis of more than 200 case studies of publically or privately funded interactive innovation projects within the EU and beyond. The selection of cases took place under the framework of the project LIAISON funding by the EU research and innovation programme Horizon 2020 (grant agreement No 773418). European and national databases contain several thousands of projects in agriculture, forestry and rural development. We selected projects applying the interactive innovation approach from a) EU programmes (EIP-Agri, Horizon2020, Interreg, and LIFE+); b) nationally/regionally or privately funded projects; and c) informal initiatives or networks in the agri-food, forestry, bioeconomy or nature conservation area. Preliminary results indicate that publically funded IIS play a core role for legal/administrative compliance of projects. Semi-public advisory services take up this role as well, and they are strong in linking farmers with scientists, technicians, entrepreneurs etc. However, they often exist and offer efficient ISS only for those industries that have a long tradition for a sector or area (e.g. dairy, pork, poultry or club fruit). Niche sectors or industries with little policy engagement often lack the support of a publically funded advisory service but profit more from producer organisations or rural academies/universities when they take up the role of ISS.}, language = {en} } @article{VijayanKaecheleGirindranetal.2021, author = {Vijayan, Dhanya and K{\"a}chele, Harald and Girindran, Renoy and Chattopadhyay, Srikumar and Lukas, Martin C. and Arshad, Muhammad}, title = {Tropical forest conversion and its impact on indigenous communities Mapping forest loss and shrinking gathering grounds in the Western Ghats, India}, series = {Land Use Policy}, journal = {Land Use Policy}, number = {102}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {1873-5754}, doi = {10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.105133}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7395}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Conversions of natural forests to forest plantations threaten ecosystems and forest-dependent indigenous populations in many parts of the world. It is crucial to understand the scale and nature of such forest conversions and how they affect forest-dependent communities as a basis for prudent forest management and protection of indigenous livelihoods. This study analyses natural forest conversions and their impacts on tribal communities in the southern Western Ghats, a globally significant biodiversity hotspot. It focuses on two tribal settlements in protected forests within the catchment of the Achankovil River. The study involves time series analysis of forest cover change, based on a historical map and satellite images, field mapping of changes in the tribal communities' areas of operation, household surveys, and focus group discussions. The analysis shows that the area of protected forest decreased by 53 \% from 1978 to 2015. As a result, the size of the tribal communities' gathering areas considerably shrunk, resulting in a decline in their collection of non-timber forest products and increased dependency on forest plantations labour for their livelihood. This is especially critical as the tribal communities still prefer to depend on natural forests for their sustenance. Preservation of natural forests is hence crucial not only for biodiversity conservation, but also to protect socio-economic and cultural traits of tribal populations.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LenzGolleeKuehnetal.2023, author = {Lenz, Claudia and Gollee, Paul and K{\"u}hn, Michael and Leich, Christian and Pfriem, Alexander}, title = {Artificial irradiation (indoors) of European wood species at different irradiation intensities and at different temperatures}, series = {Proceedings of the 19th Meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE) 10-12 October 2023}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 19th Meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE) 10-12 October 2023}, editor = {Larn{\o}y, Erik}, publisher = {Published with support from SNS - The Nordic Forest Research Cooperation Commitee}, address = {{\AA}s, Norway}, doi = {10.57741/opus4-765}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7654}, pages = {125 -- 127}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The background of the topic is to compare the colour changes at different irradiances and temperatures at constant relative humidity. The issue is important because evaluation in terms of irradiance has not been studied in more detail. Irradiation intensities were reported in many studies but tended to have metadata status. The concrete influence of the irradiance on chemical and colour changes in the wood remains open. This paper presents an approach to inquiry-based teaching within a basic research project. Initial results from a large-scale data series are presented here. Irradiance is the term for the total power of incoming electromagnetic energy striking a surface, related to the size of the area, measured in watts per square metre [W/m²].}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LautnerLenzHammeletal.2017, author = {Lautner, Silke and Lenz, Claudia and Hammel, J{\"o}rg and Moosmann, Julian and K{\"u}hn, Michael and Caselle, Michele and Vogelgesang, Matthias and Kopmann, Andreas and Beckmann, Felix}, title = {Using SRμCT to define water transport capacity in Picea abies. SPIE Optics+Photonics}, doi = {10.57741/opus4-763}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7636}, pages = {1}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchweigerSchmidtAasetal.2019, author = {Schweiger, Julienne and Schmidt, Henriette and Aas, Gregor and Gebauer, Gerhard and G{\"o}tz, Bernhard and Hartmann, Holger and Lenz, Claudia and Pflugmacher, Candy and Schmidt, Markus and Schill, Harald}, title = {Carbon isotopes elucidate drought stress in rare native tree species in NE-Germany}, doi = {10.57741/opus4-762}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7627}, pages = {1}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchmidtSchmidtSchweigeretal.2018, author = {Schmidt, Henriette and Schmidt, Markus and Schweiger, Julienne M.-I. and Lenz, Claudia and Hartmann, Holger and Pflugmacher, Candy and G{\"o}tz, Bernhard and Gebauer, Gerhard and Schill, Harald}, title = {Climate sensitivity of rare native tree species in NE-Germany - A dendroecological and ecophysiological approach}, doi = {10.57741/opus4-761}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7610}, pages = {1}, year = {2018}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LenzLautnerMelcheretal.2014, author = {Lenz, Claudia and Lautner, Silke and Melcher, Eckhard and M{\"o}ller, Ralf}, title = {Microscopic investigations concerning in situ copper oxalate formation}, series = {Proceedings of the 10th annual meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE 2014)}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th annual meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE 2014)}, editor = {Wilson, P.}, doi = {10.57741/opus4-759}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7597}, pages = {231 -- 231}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SanneKampeLenzetal.2017, author = {Sanne, Moritz and Kampe, Anja and Lenz, Claudia and Gossel, Stefan and Wagner, Sabine and Haibel, Astrid and Melcher, Eckhard and Leu, Carsten and Pfriem, Alexander and Lautner, Silke}, title = {Anatomical studies of wood treated with pressure pulse shock waves}, series = {Proceedings of the 13th annual meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE2017)}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 13th annual meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE2017)}, editor = {Engelund Thybring, Emil}, doi = {10.57741/opus4-684}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6841}, pages = {1}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Similar to a normal wave, a shock wave travels as energy through matter but it causes an abrupt raise of pressure, temperature and density. In this study the influence of shock waves on wood structure were investigated in the light of possible future industrial utilization e.g. timber impregnating treatment.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Zuberi2021, author = {Zuberi, Mehwish}, title = {Agriculture in flux : Insights into agricultural transformations and possible scenarios in South Punjab, Pakistan}, series = {Aktuelle Forschungsbeitr{\"a}ge zu S{\"u}dasien: 10. Jahrestagung des AK S{\"u}dasien, 24./25. Januar 2020, Freiburg}, booktitle = {Aktuelle Forschungsbeitr{\"a}ge zu S{\"u}dasien: 10. Jahrestagung des AK S{\"u}dasien, 24./25. Januar 2020, Freiburg}, editor = {Follmann, Alexander and M{\"u}ller, Judith and Falk, Gregor C.}, isbn = {978-3-948791-04-9}, doi = {10.11588/xabooks.796}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7556}, pages = {31 -- 34}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{delRioPretzschRuizPeinadoetal.2022, author = {del R{\´i}o, Miren and Pretzsch, Hans and Ruiz-Peinado, Ricardo and Jactel, Herv{\´e} and Coll, Llu{\´i}s and L{\"o}f, Magnus and Aldea, Jorge and Ammer, Christian and Avdagić, Admir and Barbeito, Ignacio and Bielak, Kamil and Bravo, Felipe and Brazaitis, Gediminas and Cern{\´y}, Jakub and Collet, Catherine and Cond{\´e}s, Sonia and Dr{\"o}ssler, Lars and Fabrika, Marek and Heym, Michael and Holm, Stig-Olof and Hylen, Gro and Jansons, Aris and Kurylyak, Viktor and Lombardi, Fabio and Matović, Bratislav and Metslaid, Marek and Motta, Renzo and Nord-Larsen, Thomas and Nothdurft, Arne and den Ouden, Jan and Pach, Maciej and Pardos, Marta and Poeydebat, Charlotte and Ponette, Quentin and P{\´e}rot, Tomas and Reventlow, Ditlev Otto Juel and Sitko, Roman and Sramek, Vit and Steckel, Mathias and Svoboda, Miroslav and Verheyen, Kris and Vospernik, Sonja and Wolff, Barbara and Zlatanov, Tzvetan and Bravo-Oviedo, Andr{\´e}s}, title = {Emerging stability of forest productivity by mixing two species buffers temperature destabilizing effect}, series = {Journal of Applied Ecology}, volume = {59}, journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology}, number = {11}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {1365-2664}, doi = {10.1111/1365-2664.14267}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-5778}, pages = {2730 -- 2741}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @article{LoftSchleyerKlingleretal.2022, author = {Loft, Lasse and Schleyer, Christian and Klingler, Michael and Kister, Jutta and Zoll, Felix and Stegmaier, Peter and Aukes, Ewert and Sorge, Stefan and Mann, Carsten}, title = {The development of governance innovations for the sustainable provision of forest ecosystem services in Europe: A comparative analysis of four pilot innovation processes}, series = {Ecosystem Services}, volume = {58}, journal = {Ecosystem Services}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {2212-0416}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecoser.2022.101481}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7457}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In the past decades, novel governance and management approaches that support the provision of non-marketable Forest Ecosystem Services (FES) have emerged throughout Europe. However, it remains unclear under which circumstances such modes of FES governance develop and which sets of social-ecological parameters, management formats, and interests enable or constrain these processes. In this paper, we aim to shed light on the development processes of such governance innovations. We combine approaches from natural resource governance with insights from innovation studies to identify the close interrelations between designing governance approaches and the inherent innovation dynamics in their development. Empirically, we apply an adapted innovation journey approach to reconstruct the development history of four governance innovations in Europe. We analyse key turning points and crucial influencing factors of the innovation processes, focussing on interests, resources, and values of actors, biophysical and technical conditions of the forest resource systems, institutions and governance arrangements, and features of the innovation management. Our findings show that often individual actors became mainstays of the innovation developments, whereas governmental organisations took up an important role in managing the innovation development process, without being the main change agents. Further, in cases with a reliable legal environment and existing funding schemes innovation development was fostered effectively. While various natural disturbances negatively impacted upon innovation development, most crisis-related interruptions provided an opportunity for radically changing pathways. We conclude that to cope with these uncertain development dynamics, conditions for innovation development need to be created that allow for continuous monitoring and adaptation of innovation processes along their development. For future governance innovation development processes, this calls for the setup of protected spaces that allow for stakeholder participation and open deliberation of interests and expectations regarding FES provisioning as preconditions for governance co-design work based on mutual learning and reflection.}, language = {en} } @article{KereselidzePilarskaGuntadzeetal.2022, author = {Kereselidze, Manana and Pilarska, Daniela and Guntadze, Nika and Linde, Andreas}, title = {Halyomorpha halys St{\aa}l, (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae) feeding effects on some agriculturalfruits in Georgia}, series = {Turkish Journal of Zoology}, volume = {46}, journal = {Turkish Journal of Zoology}, number = {3}, publisher = {T{\"u}bitak}, issn = {1300-0179}, doi = {10.55730/1300-0179.3058}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7441}, pages = {298 -- 303}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Feeding effects of the invasive, polyphagous brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae), on some agricultural fruits (hazelnut, blueberry, mandarin, lemon) were investigated in Guria and Samegrelo regions of Georgia in 2019 and 2020. The damage to hazelnut kernels was evaluated when H. halys adults were allowed to feed on kernels in different stages of development. Furthermore, BMSB adults were allowed to feed on almost ripened fruits of blueberry, on small mandarin fruits which were not yet well developed, and on ripened fruits of mandarin. The evaluation of damage on lemon was recorded after allowing adult BMSB on small, not yet developed fruits and on almost developed fruits. It was shown that hazelnuts are susceptible to damage caused by feeding of BMSB throughout the entire period of kernel development (100\% of kernels were damaged and did not develop at all). Furthermore, BMSB damages blueberry severely (100\% damage) when the fruits are almost ripened. Damage to mandarin fruits in early development stages was over 90\%, and 100\% of ripened mandarin fruits dropped to the ground. We did not find any damage when BMSB was allowed to feed on Lemon throughout the development of the fruits.}, language = {en} } @article{UllahMishraBavorovaetal.2022, author = {Ullah, Ayat and Mishra, Ashok K. and Bavorova, Miroslava and K{\"a}chele, Harald}, title = {The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on market integration: Evidence from vegetable farmers in Pakistan}, series = {International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction}, journal = {International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction}, number = {80}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {2212-4209}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103220}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7430}, pages = {14}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the agriculture sector and farming communities to unprecedented risks. This study investigates the impact of the pandemic, identifying the suggestions of community elders for effective resilience via in-depth interviews (IDIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). We also examine determinants of vegetable farmers' inputs and outputs market participation using a binary logit model. The findings reveal poor business owners' support, difficulties accessing inputs and outputs markets, non-availability/shortage of inputs recommended by extension services, and poor access to mechanizations. Labor shortages, lack of access to agricultural credit, and lack of information on innovations and markets are also barriers to market integration of farming communities in Pakistan. Results of the logit model show that farming experience and support from market owners drive the participation of both the inputs and outputs market. Similarly, ownership of personal vehicles and the availability of farm machinery drive the participation of farmers in outputs markets. Various strategies are suggested to mitigate the risks of the Covid-19 pandemic, including the establishment of inputs and outputs markets, strategies for transportation, access to information, and farm machinery at the local level.}, language = {en} } @article{MehmoodArshadKaechele2022, author = {Mehmood, Yasir and Arshad, Muhammad and K{\"a}chele, Harald}, title = {Effects of wastewater reuse on perceived health risks of farmers in Pakistan: Application of the Zero-Inflated Poisson regression model}, series = {Journal of Cleaner Production}, journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production}, number = {369}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {1879-1786}, doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133430}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7423}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Not only is the reuse of wastewater, particularly for irrigation purposes, an increasingly common practice in developing countries, it is also encouraged by many governments and official entities. Although exposure to wastewater has noteworthy hazardous effects on human health and the environment, this is poorly understood by farmers who reuse wastewater for crop production. Using household-level survey data of 321 respondents, this study investigates the effects of wastewater reuse on farmers' perceived health risks and the determinants of farmers' reuse of wastewater for vegetable production in Punjab, Pakistan. A Zero-Inflated Poisson (ZIP) regression model shows that wastewater irrigation has a significant positive effect (P < 0.05) on farmers' perceived health risks. Farmers using wastewater have relatively little knowledge of its negative effects on human health compared to their counterparts using freshwater. Around 85\% and 80\% of farmers who used wastewater state that water scarcity and decreased production costs were the key reasons why they use wastewater for vegetable production, respectively. A logit regression model indicates that farmer age, household size, irrigation experience, income, access to institutional credit, awareness of health risks, access to canal water, ownership of tube well, and perceived health risks are the key determinants of wastewater reuse. The findings of this study and subsequent recommendations may guide policymakers in educating and updating farmers' knowledge about the hazardous effects of wastewater through frequent training and workshops. Installation of plants for wastewater treatment by collecting a pollution premium from farmers seems to be a viable option for sustainable agricultural development.}, language = {en} } @article{UllahZebSaqibetal.2022, author = {Ullah, Ayat and Zeb, Alam and Saqib, Shahab E. and K{\"a}chele, Harald}, title = {Constraints to agroforestry diffusion under the Billion Trees Afforestation Project (BTAP), Pakistan: policy recommendations for 10-BTAP}, series = {Environmental Science and Pollution Research}, journal = {Environmental Science and Pollution Research}, number = {29}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, doi = {10.1007/s11356-022-20661-9}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7419}, pages = {68757 -- 68775}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Effective agroforestry diffusion under the newly started 10-Billion Trees Afforestation Project (10-BTAP) needs a thorough understanding of the policy and implementation shortfalls of the already completed BTAP. This study examines the factors that affected the diffusion of the agroforestry in the Hindu-Kush Himalayan (HKH) region of Pakistan under BTAP. The data were gathered through in-depth interviews with Village Development Committee (VDC) members, Forest Department (FD) officials, and local farmers. Important factors positively affecting agroforestry diffusion included locations of crop fields on the river sides, community dependency on firewood, and market value of agroforestry timber. The logistic regression model shows that household head's age, access to information, and area under cropland positively affected household level adoption of agroforestry under BTAP; forest cover was negatively related. In-depth interviews show that key barriers to FD in diffusion of agroforestry included provision of false information by farmers to monitoring teams, non-availability of extension staff, lack of communication among project staff and community, as well as a lack of sufficient budget for activities. Primary barriers to community adoption of agroforestry included no participation of VDCs in planning and monitoring of agroforestry programs, lack of plant need assessments on the part of the project staff, poor quality of plants distributed by FD, farmers' poor know-how of plantations, lack of trust among community and project staff, as well as the waste of plants by farming community. Thus, this study recommends that policy-makers and project designers should consider these factors when planning agroforestry diffusion under 10-BTAP to improve its success.}, language = {en} } @article{UllahZebSaqibetal.2022, author = {Ullah, Ayat and Zeb, Alam and Saqib, Shahab E. and K{\"a}chele, Harald}, title = {Landscape co-management and livelihood sustainability: Lessons learned from the billion trees afforestation project in Pakistan}, series = {Land Use Policy}, journal = {Land Use Policy}, number = {115}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {1873-5754}, doi = {10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106034}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7407}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @article{SusanSamAbbasSurendranPadmajaetal.2021, author = {Susan Sam, Anu and Abbas, Azhar and Surendran Padmaja, Subash and Raghavan Sathyan, Archana and Vijayan, Dhanya and K{\"a}chele, Harald and Kumar, Ranjit and M{\"u}ller, Klaus}, title = {Flood vulnerability and food security in eastern India: A threat to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals}, series = {International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction}, volume = {66}, journal = {International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction}, number = {66}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {2212-4209}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102589}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7383}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The food security situation in India has improved due to economic growth, increased agricultural productivity, public policies and hunger eradication programmes. Nevertheless, much of India's population still suffers from hunger and poverty. Floods obstruct agricultural production; destroy infrastructure; and disrupt livelihoods, normal services, health care, etc. In this way, floods ultimately affect households' food security. We examined household food security in flood-prone rural areas of India in a more extensive way than in previous studies by constructing an index that incorporates various factors of the food security dimensions. Factors determining the level of flood-prone households' food security were also analyzed. By polychoric principal component analysis, an aggregate food security index was constructed. The food security score was regressed on different explanatory variables to evaluate their effect on the overall food security situation in the study area. Our results showed that three-fourths of the respondent households faced food security issues to varying degrees. Family type, physical assets and employment scheme showed positive impacts on the level of food security of the respondents. In contrast, households with female household heads and those suffering losses of property due to floods were adversely affected in terms of negative impacts on overall food security. The results suggest the need for the adoption of integrated strategies to effectively address food security issues amidst the increased severity of flood events. The study findings are useful for policy makers in India and countries with similar backgrounds to tackle the food insecurity brought about by flood hazards.}, language = {en} } @article{MahmoodArshadMehmoodetal.2021, author = {Mahmood, Nasir and Arshad, Muhammad and Mehmood, Yasir and Faisal Shahzad, Muhammad and K{\"a}chele, Harald}, title = {Farmers' perceptions and role of institutional arrangements in climate change adaptation: Insights from rainfed Pakistan}, series = {Climate Risk Management}, volume = {32}, journal = {Climate Risk Management}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {2212-0963}, doi = {10.1016/j.crm.2021.100288}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7375}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Rainfed farmers are among the most vulnerable farming communities to climate change in Pakistan because of the heavy reliance of crop farming on rain and of farmers' livelihoods on crop farming. The best and most timely responses against climate change are suitable adaptation measures. Accurately perceiving the risks associated with climate change is an essential factor for planning and then implementing adaptations. Using farm household-level data of 400 rainfed farmers collected through a well-designed and field-tested questionnaire, this study examines the association between various adaptation stages (climate risk perceptions, adaptation planning, and implementation of adaptation) and their determinants using a multivariate probit (MVP) model. The findings indicate that farmers' perceptions of climatic changes are in line with historical climatic data. Climate risk management (CRM) trainings and digital agriculture extension and communication (DAEC) services (indicators of formal institutional arrangements) show a highly significant impact on all adaptation stages. Input market distance, farmer cooperative meetings (an indicator of informal institutional arrangement), off-farm income, education, and number of male family members are among the other key determinants. A highly significant association between various adaptation stages indicates that accurate climate risk perceptions lead to planning and implementation of adaptations. When risk perceptions are underestimated or lacking, then adaptations do not occur. The results further indicate that the timely availability of reliable information on advanced agricultural inputs, weather parameters, crop farming advisory services, and market information could help rainfed farmers devise sound adaptations to minimize risks associated with climate change. The study recommends the provision of CRM trainings and DAEC services to provide a better understanding and promote sound adaptation planning through the adaptive capacity enhancement of rainfed farming communities for sustainable production and livelihood security.}, language = {en} } @article{MehmoodArshadMahmoodetal.2021, author = {Mehmood, Yasir and Arshad, Muhammad and Mahmood, Nasir and K{\"a}chele, Harald and Kong, Rong}, title = {Occupational hazards, health costs, and pesticide handling practices among vegetable growers in Pakistan}, series = {Environmental Research}, journal = {Environmental Research}, number = {200}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {1096-0953}, doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2021.111340}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7366}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Disregarding protective measures when handling pesticides in agricultural production imposes increased health risks and health costs on farmers as well as degrades the natural ecosystem. In Pakistan, where agriculture is the prime occupation in rural communities, there is overwhelming evidence of indiscriminate use of hazardous pesticides by farmers without taking adequate precautions. Using cross-sectional data, we examined personal protection and health costs to vegetable growers due to pesticide exposure and determinants of farmers' pesticide handling practices. The theory of averting behavior was used, and the possible factors affecting farmers' adoption of safety equipment and of disposal methods for pesticide containers were estimated using a logit model. Health effects (P < 0.05) and farmers' protection and health costs (P < 0.01) are found as important determinants of farmers' adoption of safety equipment and of disposal methods for pesticide containers. The mean protection and health cost of pesticide exposure per farmer per vegetable season in 2019 was US \$3.60. Analytical outcomes indicate that safe and recommended pesticide handling practices are needed to be introduced through adequate integrated pest management (IPM) training programs and by improving farmers' formal education. Thus, creating awareness through IPM training programs among vegetable growers and enhancing formal education to encourage the adoption of precautionary measures and safe disposal methods for pesticide containers may reduce health risks and health costs. Findings imply that adoption of adequate pesticide handling practices would further help reduce occupational hazards and promote sustainable agriculture in Pakistan.}, language = {en} } @article{KhaliliArshadKaecheleetal.2021, author = {Khalili, Niloofar and Arshad, Muhammad and K{\"a}chele, Harald and Farajzadeh, Zakariya and M{\"u}ller, Klaus}, title = {Drought shocks and farm household consumption behaviour: Insights from Fars province of Iran}, series = {International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction}, journal = {International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction}, number = {66}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {2212-4209}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102625}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7359}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Drought is one of the most important shocks that has affected many farm households in rural Iran. This paper presents cross-sectional quantitative research with a micro-level analysis of the impacts of drought shocks on food and non-food expenditures of smallholders in rural Iran. Quantile regression model was applied to analyse the data obtained from 300 small farmers in the county of Marvdasht in Fars province, Iran. The results show that households who experience moderate and severe drought, apply a combination of different strategies, which are usually used to deal with idiosyncratic shocks and covariate shocks. A reduction in consumption expenditures is not the only and the first choice coping strategy but is one of the main strategies used by most drought-affected households. Our results further indicate that the non-food expenditures of smallholders in severe drought-affected villages are negatively affected by drought, however, food expenditures are not significantly affected. Non-food expenditures of households with overall lower consumption level were significantly affected. These findings point out the importance of the provision of compensation schemes for smallholders and the designing and implementation of coping mechanisms including non-agricultural job opportunities in drought-affected areas of Fars, Iran.}, language = {en} } @article{JhaKaecheleSieber2021, author = {Jha, Srijna and K{\"a}chele, Harald and Sieber, Stefan}, title = {Factors influencing the adoption of agroforestry by smallholder farmer households in Tanzania: Case studies from Morogoro and Dodoma}, series = {Land Use Policy}, journal = {Land Use Policy}, number = {103}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {1873-5754}, doi = {10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105308}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7340}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The adoption of agricultural innovations is a critical adaptation mechanism for smallholder farmers to prepare and deal with potential shocks and uncertainty. Agroforestry is proven to be highly impactful at improving the adaptive capacity of farmers, the resilience of local farming systems and in providing diversified livelihood benefits. The adoption of agroforestry in Tanzania is generally uneven, with some successes and some failures and could be better supported. To do so, understanding the most significant factors influencing the adoption of agroforestry is key. Logistic regression (logit model) is used to analyse household survey data collected from 697 smallholder farmers. Results indicate that only 71 farmers (10.19 \%) report planting new trees and actively practicing agroforestry. Farmers who are part of a project, are able to rent land and have a source of seedlings are more likely to adopt agroforestry. When farmers perceive rainfall to be changing, their land rights to be only moderately secure and their right to plant trees to be dependent on obtaining permission from the land owner or family members, they are less likely to adopt agroforestry. If the farmer perceives the land to be relatively fertile and has the intention to improve or maintain the fertility of his plot in the future then the likelihood of adopting agroforestry increases. Policy interventions ought to promote the participation of farmers in agroforestry projects to facilitate knowledge and experience building. Policy interventions should provide a reliable source of agroforestry inputs, such as seedlings to ensure that the resource requirements for agroforestry are well fulfilled. Farmer perceptions of land and agroforestry rights must be emphasized, clarified and streamlined to facilitate better policies. Farmer perceptions related to rainfall and soil fertility highlight a lack of awareness concerning the soil and water conservation benefits of agroforestry. Therefore, these must be better addressed through improved education and extension services. Consideration of farmer perceptions is crucial for the adoption of agroforestry.}, language = {en} } @article{UllahZebLiuetal.2021, author = {Ullah, Ayat and Zeb, Alam and Liu, Jinlong and Mahmood, Nasir and K{\"a}chele, Harald}, title = {Transhumant pastoralist knowledge of infectious diseases and adoption of alternative land use strategies in the Hindu-Kush Himalayan (HKH) region of Pakistan}, series = {Land Use Policy}, journal = {Land Use Policy}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {1873-5754}, doi = {10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105729}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7338}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Pastoralists' awareness of infectious disease outbreaks depends on their socioeconomic characteristics and considerably affects their land use strategies. This study aimed to identify the factors that affect transhumant communities' awareness of recently emerged Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in humans and foot and mouth disease (FMD) in animals. This study also investigated the key factors that govern the adoption of alternative land use strategies by nonmigrating transhumants to avoid seasonal migration in the Hindu-Kush Himalayan (HKH) region of Pakistan. To link the awareness of disease spread to the adoption of alternative land use strategies, a focus group discussion and a socioeconomic survey were conducted in the study area. A total of 300 households were randomly selected from a nonmigrating transhumant community. The results of the binary logit model showed that landholding size, good relationships with extension field staff, and extension contact were positively related, whereas household education was negatively related to pastoralists' awareness of infectious disease outbreaks. In the case of adopting alternative strategies to avoid future long-distance migration, our model showed that pastoralists' awareness of infectious disease outbreaks significantly and positively affected pastoralists' adoption of these strategies. The other variables that were positively associated with the pastoralists' adoption of these strategies included good relationships with extension field staff, household size and primary dependence on pastoral-based livelihood, whereas the education level of the head of the household, lack of financial resources and disputes over agricultural lands/forests were negatively associated with the pastoralists' adoption of these strategies. We conclude that to avoid infectious disease spread and promote adoption of alternative strategies, the government should pay attention to creating awareness among transhumant communities. Communicating the latest scientific research on infectious disease outbreaks and effective control measures that are translated in an understandable (pictographic) manner could be an effective policy intervention.}, language = {en} } @article{UllahSamSathyanetal.2021, author = {Ullah, Ayat and Sam, Anu Susan and Sathyan, Archana Raghava and Mahmood, Nasir and Zeb, Alam and K{\"a}chele, Harald}, title = {Role of local communities in forest landscape restoration: Key lessons from the Billion Trees Afforestation Project, Pakistan}, series = {Science of The Total Environment}, journal = {Science of The Total Environment}, number = {772}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {1879-1026}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145613}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7326}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The Billion Trees Afforestation Project (BTAP) was launched in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan to conserve existing forests and to increase the area under forest cover. It also aimed to restore environmental conditions, promote rural livelihoods and reduce poverty. To improve the effectiveness of afforestation projects, it is essential to know the role of various factors and their impacts on community participation in landscape restoration. However, these factors and their impacts remain unexplored for the BTAP. This study identifies the factors that influenced rural household participation in the BTAP in Pakistan. The data were collected from participants and nonparticipants in the BTAP as well as from various officials. We employed both qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the data. The results of the focus group discussions and the professional evaluation of the BTAP revealed that participant farmers enjoyed all the benefits of the project at the individual and community levels. However, the project provided only partial benefits to nonparticipant farmers at both levels. The household-level results showed that age, income from forest resources, a friendly relationship with forest department staff, a risk-bearing attitude and membership or involvement in village development committee activities had positive and significant effects on farmer participation, while disputes over land and forest resources, household size and experience with/dependence on livestock farming had negative and significant impacts on farmer participation in the BTAP. Our results suggest that policymakers and project designers should pay more attention to the factors that hindered farmer participation in the BTAP. The participation of landless and disadvantaged groups in the 10-BTAP should be increased to ensure equal and widespread benefits for all users and to ensure a win-win situation of sustainable management of the forest, the environment and livelihood opportunities for all types of forest users.}, language = {en} } @article{ArshadAbbasKaecheleetal.2022, author = {Arshad, Muhammad and Abbas, Faisal and K{\"a}chele, Harald and Mehmood, Yasir and Mahmood, Nasir and Mueller, Klaus}, title = {Analyzing the Impact of Government Social Spending, Population Growth and Foreign Remittances on Human Development in Pakistan: Implications for Policy}, series = {The European Journal of Development Research}, journal = {The European Journal of Development Research}, number = {34}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, issn = {0957-8811}, doi = {10.1057/s41287-021-00435-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7314}, pages = {1607 -- 1626}, year = {2022}, abstract = {To achieve sustainable future for all, United Nations' (UNs') Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs-2030) reinforced the formulation of social, economic and human development policies. Pakistan is a country with high population growth rate, among top ten recipients of foreign remittances but facing an acute problem of stagnant human development outcomes over the years. Of note, Pakistan's economic growth is considered as growth without human face (see Easterly in The political economy of growth without development: A case study of Pakistan, 2001). It is, therefore, important from public policy point of view to understand the short-and long-run dynamics of the relationships between important social, demographic and economic factors. Accordingly, this paper investigates the short-and long-run relationships between population growth, government social spending, foreign remittances inflow and aggregate level of human development in Pakistan using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach of cointegration and error correction models. The cointegration test results showed that there is cointegration among the variables to proceed with the estimations of long-run relationships. Our empirical results confirm the existence of short-and long-run relationships between population growth, remittances inflow and human development in Pakistan. Population growth inversely while remittances inflow positively influenced Pakistan's human development status both in the short-and long-run. The empirical findings of our study call for designing and implementing robust development policies—that result in effective and sustainable human development—mainly towards viewing population from a more humanitarian and equitable perspective in Pakistan.}, language = {en} } @incollection{NautiyalSmithaKaechele2020, author = {Nautiyal, Sunil and Smitha, K. C. and K{\"a}chele, Harald}, title = {Medicinal Plant Biodiversity in India: Harnessing Opportunities for Promoting Livelihood and Food Security}, series = {Socio-economic and Eco-biological Dimensions in Resource use and Conservation - Strategies for Sustainability}, booktitle = {Socio-economic and Eco-biological Dimensions in Resource use and Conservation - Strategies for Sustainability}, editor = {Roy, Niranjan and Roychoudhury, Shubhadeep and Nautiyal, Sunil and Agarwal, Sunil K. and Baksi, Sangeeta}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, isbn = {978-3-030-32462-9}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-32463-6_7}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7306}, publisher = {Hochschule f{\"u}r nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde}, pages = {135 -- 169}, year = {2020}, abstract = {India's rich biodiversity is distributed across its ecological regions. Traditional medicinal plants are recognised for their value and they constitute source of livelihood and food security for large Indian population. Cultivation of medicinal plants is also a source of income; thereby improve the standard of living for local communities and reduce poverty. Yet, today Indian medicinal habitat and ecosystem are going through tremendous pressure for meeting the requirement of various pharmaceutical and aroma-chemicals related industries. The objective of this paper is to synthesis the existing information on current status; explore the potential opportunities and constraints in medicinal plant cultivation in India. Based on the documentation of two cases i.e., Bhotiya tribe of Central Himalayan Region and Soliga tribe of Biligiri Ranga-swamy Temple Tiger Reserve (BRTTR), an attempt has been made to suggest a framework for harnessing medicinal plant cultivation for promoting food security in India. Finally, SWOT analysis of medicinal plants and food security in India has been presented.}, language = {en} } @article{KhaliliArshadFarajzadehetal.2021, author = {Khalili, Niloofar and Arshad, Muhammad and Farajzadeh, Zakaria and K{\"a}chele, Harald and M{\"u}ller, Klaus}, title = {Does drought affect smallholder health expenditures? Evidence from Fars Province, Iran}, series = {Environment, Development and Sustainability}, journal = {Environment, Development and Sustainability}, number = {23}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, issn = {1573-2975}, doi = {10.1007/s10668-020-00608-1}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7294}, pages = {765 -- 788}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Drought is one of the most frequently occurring natural disasters and results in long-term social, economic and environmental impacts that affect large areas and populations. Over the past decade, Iran has experienced a very severe drought that has affected millions of people. In this paper, we employ a standard consumption regression model to perform a microlevel analysis of the effects of drought on small-farm household health expenditures in rural Iran. We surveyed a sample of 300 small-farm households in the Marvdasht County in Fars Province, Iran. The results showed that drought significantly negatively affects smallholder health spending. Farm households that are affected by severe drought decrease their health expenditures more than less-affected households. Further, for drought-affected farmers, health expenditures are a necessity, as the income elasticity of health expenditures is as low as 0.15. Our findings indicate the importance of designing and implementing a health policy that includes the provision of healthcare services in drought-affected villages by the government, which plays an important role in coping with the health effects of drought.}, language = {en} } @article{MahmoodArshadKaecheleetal.2020, author = {Mahmood, Nasir and Arshad, Muhammad and K{\"a}chele, Harald and Ullah, Ayat and M{\"u}ller, Klaus}, title = {Economic efficiency of rainfed wheat farmers under changing climate: evidence from Pakistan}, series = {Environmental Science and Pollution Research}, journal = {Environmental Science and Pollution Research}, number = {27}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, issn = {1614-7499}, doi = {10.1007/s11356-020-09673-5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7287}, pages = {34453 -- 34467}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Rainfed wheat farming directly depends upon climatic indicators and is mostly at the mercy of climatic extremes. This study analyzed the relationship between the economic efficiency of rainfed wheat farmers and indicators of climate variability in Pakistan employing a two-stage methodological framework. We used farm household level crop input-output and management data and secondary data on climate. In the first stage, a stochastic production frontier (SPF) approach was used to calculate economic efficiency. Then, in the second stage, the calculated economic efficiency scores were regressed against the temperature threshold, temperature anomaly, and total rainfall, in addition to socioeconomic, institutional, and farm variables, using OLS and quantile regression models. The results showed that temperature anomaly and the number of days when temperatures exceed 30 °C have negative and significant impacts on the economic efficiency of rainfed wheat farmers. Total rainfall showed positive and significant impacts across both OLS and quantile regression models. Further, we modeled a novel and very important variable in the context of rainfed wheat production in Pakistan, that is, farmers' participation in trainings in climate-resilient crop farming. This variable showed a positive and highly significant impact on economic efficiency of wheat farmers across all regression models. Our findings call for important policy implications, including developing up-to-date climate resilient adaptation strategies that are particularly focused on rainfed wheat farming. Establishing strong linkages between extension departments and rainfed wheat farmers could help sustain and improve the efficiency of rainfed wheat farmers and hence food and livelihood security.}, language = {en} } @article{HossainArshadQianetal.2020, author = {Hossain, Md. Shakhawat and Arshad, Muhammad and Qian, Lu and K{\"a}chele, Harald and Khan, Imran and Islam, Md Din Il and Mahboob, M. Golam}, title = {Climate change impacts on farmland value in Bangladesh}, series = {Ecological Indicators}, journal = {Ecological Indicators}, number = {112}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {1872-7034}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106181}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7278}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Many studies have examined the effects of climate change on farmland value in developed countries, but our understanding of the impact of climate change on farmland value is still very limited, especially in developing countries. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of climate change on farmland value in Bangladesh using the Ricardian model. Household-level data collected from seven selected agroecological zones in Bangladesh were used to estimate the relationships among farmland value and long-term climate, farm household, and policy variables. The results showed that the current land values of farmers are sensitive to climate. A new variable called "flooding" was added to the Ricardian model, and the results indicated that floods are responsible for reductions in farmland value, especially in lowland areas. Among the socio-economic variables, the availability of extension services and access to irrigation facilities were positively correlated with farmland value. The estimated marginal impact results suggested that increases in temperature were associated with losses in small farmland value, whereas the precipitation levels in both seasons positively influenced farmland value. Selected global climate models predicted that climate change would have a negative impact on land value depending on the climate model and source of farm income. The empirical findings obtained from this study are expected to contribute to the formulation of sustainable adaptation strategies to maintain farm productivity and farmland value in Bangladesh in the context of climate change.}, language = {en} } @article{SamPadmajaKaecheleetal.2020, author = {Sam, Anu Susan and Padmaja, Subash Surendran and K{\"a}chele, Harald and Kumar, Ranjit and M{\"u}ller, Klaus}, title = {Climate change, drought and rural communities: Understanding people's perceptions and adaptations in rural eastern India}, series = {International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction}, volume = {44}, journal = {International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {2212-4209}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101436}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7269}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Household's adaptation to drought risk consists of two steps. First step is acquiring knowledge on drought from previous drought experiences. Second step is formulation of local adaptation measures that can reduce drought risk. Lack of knowledge regarding households' perception about droughts and local adaptation measures are identified as barriers in formulating effective adaptation strategies and polices. Therefore, this paper aims to gather information on households' perceptions about drought impacts and local adaption and coping measures. We also analysed the potential determinants that affect the household's preferences for future adaptation and coping strategies. Data for the study was collected from 157 drought prone rural households of Odisha state in India. We employed both qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the data. The major impacts of drought reported by rural people were the yield reduction/loss and issues of various diseases during drought. Although more than half of rural households reported adverse effects of drought, it was not their predominate concern. The most common coping measure adopted by the rural people during drought was reduction in the consumption of rice/cereals. The results indicate that rural people prefer to follow reduction in the food consumption strategy in future also. Family size, gender and education of household head and distance to nearby town influenced the preference of adaptation and coping strategies. This research can stand as one mainstay in providing insights to researches and policy makers in formulating strategies and policies for vulnerability reduction in rural India.}, language = {en} } @article{KhaliliArshadFarajzadehetal.2020, author = {Khalili, Niloofar and Arshad, Muhammad and Farajzadeh, Zakariya and K{\"a}chele, Harald and M{\"u}ller, Klaus}, title = {Effect of drought on smallholder education expenditures in rural Iran: Implications for policy}, series = {Journal of Environmental Management}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Management}, number = {260}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {1095-8630}, doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110136}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7250}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Drought is a major global environmental challenge. It affects the livelihoods of many people, mainly in developing countries. Iran is one of the most affected and vulnerable countries in the Middle East to drought. In this paper, we present a microlevel analysis by employing the Tobit multiplicative heteroscedasticity regression to examine the effects of drought on small farm household education expenditures in rural Iran. We collected primary data from a sample of 300 smallholders in Marvdasht County in Fars Province of Iran. The results revealed a negative relationship between the farm income and education expenditures. This means that the farm households in rural Iran that were affected by the drought increased their expenditures on education for their children. The analysis of income elasticity indicated that a one percent decrease in farm income led to a 0.86\% increase in education expenditures, which indicated that the education expenditures were necessary. Furthermore, we observed that in drought-affected families, girls were more likely to be pulled out of university education than were boys; however, for school education, there were no significant differences between the boys and girls. Our findings revealed the need to provide improved facilities and further finances for education expenditures, especially for female university students, and to formulate environmental management policies that include the provision of education facilities by the government of Iran in drought-affected villages. Our findings also shed light on the presence of positive externalities and the important role of education in helping rural households better cope with the negative repercussions of drought on their livelihoods.}, language = {en} } @article{UllahArshadKaecheleetal.2020, author = {Ullah, Ayat and Arshad, Muhammad and K{\"a}chele, Harald and Khan, Ayesha and Mahmood, Nasir and M{\"u}lle, Klaus}, title = {Information asymmetry, input markets, adoption of innovations and agricultural land use in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan}, series = {Land Use Policy}, volume = {90}, journal = {Land Use Policy}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {0264-8377}, doi = {10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104261}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7240}, year = {2020}, abstract = {This paper presents empirical evidence on the effects of information asymmetry in input markets on the adoption of innovations and agricultural land use in rainfed districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Farmers' input market integration may contribute to innovation and adoption among farmers, which may in turn positively influence the sustainable use of agricultural land. To examine this hypothesis, we conducted a study of farmers and input providers to assess the potential constraints on quality inputs, prices, and extension information. We used a multistage random sampling technique to collect data from 395 respondents. We then compared differences among adopters and non-adopters using the Mann-Whitney U test and Mood's median test. Our results indicate that there is a significant difference between the adopters and non-adopters when considering their perceptions of asymmetric market information. Non-adopters are suspicious of exaggerated prices, the non-availability of price lists, adulteration of agricultural inputs, unbalanced input weight and the supply of low-quality alternate commodities (e.g., fertilizers and pesticides) in place of the recommended commodities in the markets. Our results call for the reformulation and implementation of appropriate policies to ensure transparent and equal information sharing among farmers engaged in input markets and for the provision of timely and quality inputs assured by regulatory checks and price checks. Free availability of information on innovations and appropriate oversight over markets appear not only to motivate farmers to adopt agricultural technologies but also to influence more sustainable land use practices.}, language = {en} } @article{UllahArshadKaecheleetal.2020, author = {Ullah, Ayat and Arshad, Muhammad and K{\"a}chele, Harald and Zeb, Alam and Mahmood, Nasir and M{\"u}ller, Klaus}, title = {Socio-economic analysis of farmers facing asymmetric information in inputs markets: evidence from the rainfed zone of Pakistan}, series = {Technology in Society}, volume = {63}, journal = {Technology in Society}, number = {101405}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {1879-3274}, doi = {10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101405}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7235}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Information asymmetry plays an important role in the non-adoption of modern agricultural inputs like improved seeds, pesticides and fertilizers etc. Therefore, this study investigated the role of farmers' socio-economic attributes and farm level characteristics in avoiding asymmetry of information in agricultural input markets (i.e. exaggerated prices and low quality). The approach captures the farm level heterogeneity and complexity that may help the authorities in strengthening existing market regulations to control price and quality disparities. We analysed 395 randomly selected farm households using multinomial logit model. We found that farmers with large landholding size are less likely to face quality and more likely to face price information asymmetry. Farmers with higher education, more physical assets and better access to other sources of information are less likely to face both quality and price information asymmetry. Borrowers as compared to purchasers are more likely to face information asymmetry on prices of agricultural inputs. Non-adopters of improved agricultural technologies are more suspicious of information asymmetry than adopters. The paper thus provides evidence that the socio-economic dynamics of information asymmetry can have an important influence on wide spread adoption of technology. Paying more attention to farm level heterogeneity and complexity would help to develop general market management plan and improve the adoption of technology by farmers.}, language = {en} } @article{NautiyalKaecheleUmeshBabuetal.2020, author = {Nautiyal, Sunil and K{\"a}chele, Harald and Umesh Babu, M. S. and Imran Khan, Y. D. and Dutta, Himangshu}, title = {Avian conservation under two management regimes: a case study from the viewpoint of governance and social dimension}, series = {Environment Systems and Decisions}, journal = {Environment Systems and Decisions}, number = {40}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, issn = {2194-5403}, doi = {10.1007/s10669-019-09745-z}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7229}, pages = {148 -- 169}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The tropical regions of the world are highly vulnerable to the loss of biodiversity and the biodiversity of various ecologically important ecosystems in the tropics seems to be in jeopardy. The protected areas alone cannot conserve all the species and, hence, there is the need to expand the conservation approach beyond the boundaries of the protected areas. A study was carried out in two areas known for the conservation of bird species in India, viz. Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary (RBS) and Kokkare Bellur Village Ecosystem (KBV) in the state of Karnataka in South India. In RBS, the top-down approach is followed and bird species are conserved through policy instruments, whereas KBV is a rural ecosystem in which the social instrument has been introduced for the conservation of bird species. Two near-threatened birds Spot-billed Pelican (Pelecanus philippensis) and the Painted Stork (Mycteria leucocephala) are conserved in KBV. KBV is one of the five last breeding sites for the globally threatened bird species, the Spot-billed in India. A study was conducted to document the avifaunal diversity using standard methods and understand various important aspects of bird conservation in both the sites. It revealed that both RBS and KBV efficiently conserved several important bird species and had completely different mechanisms to do so. This helped to develop a proper understanding on different facets of top-down and bottom-up approaches of wildlife conservation.}, language = {en} } @article{MehmoodArshadKaecheleetal.2021, author = {Mehmood, Yasir and Arshad, Muhammad and K{\"a}chele, Harald and Mahmood, Nasir and Kong, Rong}, title = {Pesticide residues, health risks, and vegetable farmers' risk perceptions in Punjab, Pakistan}, series = {Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal}, volume = {27}, journal = {Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal}, number = {3}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, doi = {10.1080/10807039.2020.1776591}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7218}, pages = {846 -- 864}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Extensive use of pesticides in agricultural production results in increased health risks and health costs, productivity loss, and degradation of the environment. Farmers' risk perceptions of pesticide residues can help mitigate these issues. This paper applies an ordered probit model to analyze farmers' perceptions of pesticide residues using a cross-sectional dataset of 209 vegetable cultivators in Punjab, Pakistan. Important determinants of farmers' perceptions include their educational level, family labor, ratio of self-consumed foodstuffs, health effects, integrated pest management (IPM) training, knowledge, and awareness. Among these determinants, farmers' awareness and IPM training programs are the principle indicators of risk perception. These results have significant implications for policymakers because farmers' perceptions including overuse of pesticides tend to worsen if supported by the internalization of social norms, which, in turn, is restricted by farmers' awareness and knowledge. The study findings suggest that special attention should be given to farmers who are limited to receiving information directly from agricultural extension officers. Moreover, intensive IPM training programs should be designed with the aim of conveying precautionary measures for human health and a sustainable agro-ecosystem.}, language = {en} } @misc{MackSchickGeyeretal.2021, author = {Mack, Kevin and Schick, Axel and Geyer, Juliane and Kruhlov, Ivan and Dichte, Angela and Ibisch, Pierre L.}, title = {Ecosystem-based Adaptation in Ukraine based on three UNESCO Biosphere Reserves : Toolbox}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.30597.01768}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-7205}, pages = {97}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{SabatiniBluhmKunetal.2021, author = {Sabatini, Francesco Maria and Bluhm, Hendrik and Kun, Zoltan and Aksenov, Dmitry and Atauri, Jos{\´e} A. and Buchwald, Erik and Burrascano, Sabina and Cateau, Eug{\´e}nie and Diku, Abdulla and Duarte, In{\^e}s Marques and Fern{\´a}ndez L{\´o}pez, {\´A}ngel B. and Garbarino, Matteo and Grigoriadis, Nikolaos and Horv{\´a}th, Ferenc and Keren, Srđan and Kitenberga, Mara and Kiš, Alen and Kraut, Ann and Ibisch, Pierre L. and Larrieu, Laurent and Lombardi, Fabio and Matovic, Bratislav and Melu, Radu Nicolae and Meyer, Peter and Midteng, Rein and Mikac, Stjepan and Mikol{\´a}š, Martin and Mozgeris, Gintautas and Panayotov, Momchil and Pisek, Rok and Nunes, Le{\´o}nia and Ruete, Alejandro and Schickhofer, Matthias and Simovski, Bojan and Stillhard, Jonas and Stojanovic, Dejan and Szwagrzyk, Jerzy and Tikkanen, Olli-Pekka and Toromani, Elvin and Volosyanchuk, Roman and Vrška, Tom{\´a}š and Waldherr, Marcus and Yermokhin, Maxim and Zlatanov, Tzvetan and Zagidullina, Asiya and Kuemmerle, Tobias}, title = {European primary forest database v2.0}, series = {Scientific Data}, volume = {8}, journal = {Scientific Data}, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group UK}, issn = {2052-4463}, doi = {10.1038/s41597-021-00988-7}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-4173}, pages = {14}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Primary forests, defined here as forests where the signs of human impacts, if any, are strongly blurred due to decades without forest management, are scarce in Europe and continue to disappear. Despite these losses, we know little about where these forests occur. Here, we present a comprehensive geodatabase and map of Europe's known primary forests. Our geodatabase harmonizes 48 different, mostly field-based datasets of primary forests, and contains 18,411 individual patches (41.1 Mha) spread across 33 countries. When available, we provide information on each patch (name, location, naturalness, extent and dominant tree species) and the surrounding landscape (biogeographical regions, protection status, potential natural vegetation, current forest extent). Using Landsat satellite-image time series (1985-2018) we checked each patch for possible disturbance events since primary forests were identified, resulting in 94\% of patches free of significant disturbances in the last 30 years. Although knowledge gaps remain, ours is the most comprehensive dataset on primary forests in Europe, and will be useful for ecological studies, and conservation planning to safeguard these unique forests.}, language = {en} } @article{MacPhersonVoglhuberSlavinskyOlbrischetal.2022, author = {MacPherson, Joseph and Voglhuber-Slavinsky, Ariane and Olbrisch, Mathias and Sch{\"o}bel, Philipp and D{\"o}nitz, Ewa and Mouratiadou, Ioanna and Helming, Katharina}, title = {Future agricultural systems and the role of digitalization for achieving sustainability goals. A review}, series = {Agronomy for Sustainable Development}, journal = {Agronomy for Sustainable Development}, number = {42}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, issn = {1773-0155}, doi = {10.1007/s13593-022-00792-6}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6886}, pages = {18}, year = {2022}, abstract = {By leveraging a wide range of novel, data-driven technologies for agricultural production and agri-food value chains, digital agriculture presents potential enhancements to sustainability across food systems. Accordingly, digital agriculture has received considerable attention in policy in recent years, with emphasis mostly placed on the potential of digital agriculture to improve efficiency, productivity and food security, and less attention given to how digitalization may impact other principles of sustainable development, such as biodiversity conservation, soil protection, and human health, for example. Here, we review high-level policy and law in the German and European context to highlight a number of important institutional, societal, and legal preconditions for leveraging digital agriculture to achieve diverse sustainability targets. Additionally, we combine foresight analysis with our review to reflect on how future frame conditions influencing agricultural digitalization and sustainability could conceivably arise. The major points are the following: (1) some polices consider the benefits of digital agriculture, although only to a limited extent and mostly in terms of resource use efficiency; (2) law as it applies to digital agriculture is emerging but is highly fragmented; and (3) the adoption of digital agriculture and if it is used to enhance sustainability will be dependent on future data ownership regimes.}, language = {en} } @article{CreamerHagensBaartmanetal.2021, author = {Creamer, Rachel E. and Hagens, Mathilde and Baartman, Jantiene and Helming, Katharina}, title = {Editorial for special issue on "understanding soil functions - from ped to planet"}, series = {European Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {72}, journal = {European Journal of Soil Science}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {1365-2389}, doi = {10.1111/ejss.13099}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6870}, pages = {1493 -- 1496}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @incollection{TechenHelmingBrueggemannetal.2020, author = {Techen, Anja-K. and Helming, Katharina and Br{\"u}ggemann, Nicolas and Veldkamp, Edzo and Reinhold-Hurek, Barbara and Lorenz, Marco and Bartke, Stephan and Heinrich, Uwe and Amelung, Wulf and Augustin, Katja and Boy, Jens and Corre, Marife and Duttman, Rainer and Gebbers, Robin and Gentsch, Norman and Grosch, Rita and Guggenberger, Georg and Kern, J{\"u}rgen and Kiese, Ralf and Kuhwald, Michael and Leinweber, Peter and Schloter, Michael and Wiesmeier, Martin and Winkelmann, Traud and Vogel, Hans-J{\"o}rg}, title = {Chapter Four - Soil research challenges in response to emerging agricultural soil management practices}, series = {Advances in Agronomy}, booktitle = {Advances in Agronomy}, number = {161}, editor = {Sparks, Donald L.}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {0065-2113}, doi = {10.1016/bs.agron.2020.01.002}, publisher = {Hochschule f{\"u}r nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde}, pages = {179 -- 240}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Agricultural management is a key force affecting soil processes and functions. Triggered by biophysical constraints as well as rapid structural and technological developments, new management practices are emerging with largely unknown impacts on soil processes and functions. This impedes assessments of the potential of such emerging practices for sustainable intensification, a paradigm coined to address the growing demand for food and nonfood products. In terms of soil management, sustainable intensification means that soil productivity is increased while other soil functions and services, such as carbon storage and habitat for organisms, are simultaneously maintained or even improved. In this paper we provide an overview of research challenges to better understand how emerging soil management practices affect soil processes and functions. We distinguish four categories of soil management practices: spatial arrangements of cropping systems, crops and rotations, mechanical pressures, and inputs into the soil. Key research needs identified for each include nutrient efficiency in agroforestry versus conventional cropping systems, soil-rhizosphere microbiome elucidation to understand the interacting roles of crops and rotations, the effects of soil compaction on soil-plant-atmosphere interactions, and the ecotoxicity of plastics, pharmaceuticals and other pollutants that are introduced into the soil. We establish an interdisciplinary, systemic approach to soil science and include cross-cutting research activities related to process modeling, data management, stakeholder interaction, sustainability assessment and governance. The identification of soil research challenges from the perspective of agricultural management facilitates cooperation between different scientific disciplines in the field of sustainable agricultural production.}, language = {en} } @article{MarkowFieldsendvonMuenchhausenetal.2023, author = {Markow, Jekaterina and Fieldsend, Andrew and von M{\"u}nchhausen, Susanne and H{\"a}ring, Anna Maria}, title = {Building agricultural innovation capacity from the bottom up: Using spillover effects from projects to strengthen agricultural innovation systems}, series = {Agricultural Systems}, journal = {Agricultural Systems}, number = {209}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {0308-521X}, doi = {10.1016/j.agsy.2023.103670}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6853}, pages = {10}, year = {2023}, abstract = {CONTEXT Current research emphasises that agricultural innovation projects are influenced in multiple ways by the Agricultural Innovation Systems (AIS) in which they operate. Yet little attention has been paid to the reverse direction of this relationship, i.e. how agricultural innovation projects affect AIS in the course of their innovative activities. Accordingly, there are currently no tools to measure such AIS spillovers from agricultural innovation projects. OBJECTIVE This paper shows that even where agricultural innovation projects have not been designed with the explicit aim of influencing AIS they can have spillovers on the AIS in which they operate. Based on this finding, it argues that designing agricultural innovation projects in a way that maximises such positive and reduces negative AIS spillovers would be a useful tool for strengthening agricultural innovation capacities in a particular territory or sector. METHODS Based on the concept of agricultural innovation projects as Organisational Innovation Systems (OIS) that are embedded in AIS, the paper develops an analytical framework for assessing spillovers of such projects on AIS and applies it to a case study of an Operational Group in the German Federal State of Hessen. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The case study shows that agricultural innovation projects may yield diverse spillovers on the AIS in which they operate. In addition to considering how agricultural innovation projects are shaped - constrained and/or enabled - by AIS, the research community on agricultural innovation should pay more attention to this side of the interrelation of AIS and agricultural innovation projects. Designing agricultural innovation projects responsibly so that spillovers on AIS are monitored can help to improve national or sectoral AIS. SIGNIFICANCE This paper points to an underexplored issue in research on agricultural innovation and, related to this, a thus far unused potential policy tool for improving national and sectoral AIS. It further develops the concept of innovation projects as OIS into an approach for assessing the effects of projects on AIS; an area of project assessment that until now has not been adequately covered.}, language = {en} } @article{AlffKonysbayevSalmyrzauly2023, author = {Alff, Henryk and Konysbayev, Talgarbay and Salmyrzauly, Ruslan}, title = {Old stereotypes and new openness: discourses and practices of trans-border re- and disconnection in south-eastern Kazakhstan's agricultural sector}, series = {Eurasian Geography and Economics}, journal = {Eurasian Geography and Economics}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, issn = {1538-7216}, doi = {10.1080/15387216.2023.2169184}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6340}, pages = {23}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Since the Soviet breakup, rural communities in the Kazakhstan-China borderlands have faced cataclysmic social, economic, and ecological transformations. Collective and state farms have been replaced by precarious smallholder agriculture suffering from a decline in financial inputs and the deterioration of infrastructure. At the same time, dynamic transformations of border permeability (and trans-border reconnections) between Kazakhstan and China have challenged the until relatively recent widespread Soviet rhetoric on Western China (or rather Xinjiang) as an underdeveloped space across the border. This article is based on several months of fieldwork between 2019 and 2021 in Panfilov District, located at major cross-border road and railway intersections and hosting important infrastructural objects, such as a dry port, a major railway transhipment hub, and a trans-border special economic zone. The article explores how the border situation (and the border's changing permeability for people, commodities, and ideas since the early 1990s) as well as the implementation of new trans-border infrastructures eventually shaped local discourses and practices in the socio-economic development of south-east Kazakhstan's agricultural sector. It is scrutinized herein how various forms of trans-border socio-economic interactions (although heavily regulated) and China's (agri-) economic policy in Xinjiang started to affect farmers' ambitions and practices across the border.}, language = {en} } @article{LauterbachHaackHaering2022, author = {Lauterbach, Josephine and Haack, Michaela and H{\"a}ring, Anna Maria}, title = {Co-production of Business Models for Pasture-Based Beef in North-East Germany - Integrating Consumers Preferences}, series = {Proceedings in system dynamics and innovation in food networks 2022}, journal = {Proceedings in system dynamics and innovation in food networks 2022}, issn = {2194-511X}, doi = {10.18461/pfsd.2022.2213}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6839}, pages = {167 -- 177}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Pasture-based cattle rearing systems provide numerous ecosystem services and meet current consumer demands for animal welfare. However, the development of regional value chains from pasture-based beef are inhibited in economically less developed regions, such as North East Germany, as they lack regional slaughtering and processing capacities and show weak cooperation between stakeholders. The real world lab "WertWeideVerbund" aims to co-produce new beef value chains and business models, addressing consumer demands and value chain actors' interests at the same time. Target group specific and regionally adapted communication approaches are part of these business models and aimed at unlocking market potentials. We conducted an online survey to define consumer groups for pasture-based beef, evaluate their preferences for communication approaches and define their willingness to pay for those products. The questionnaire was partly based on previously collected qualitative data from focus groups and on an extended literature review of existing quality standards for pasture-based beef. The survey revealed different consumer segments based on demographics, frequency of beef purchase, general shopping behaviour and willingness to pay for pasture-raised beef. Respondents preferred communication approaches with a focus on animal welfare and were not particularly interested in regional origin and ranked it equal to other aspects such as information on producers, quality and taste, and biodiversity and climate protection, indicating that there is a demand for further explanation on the advantages of regional production.}, language = {en} } @article{OrtizJameroCrespinetal.2023, author = {Ortiz, Andrea Monica D. and Jamero, Ma. Laurice and Crespin, Silvio Javier and Smith Ramirez, Cecilia and Matias, Denise Margaret and Reyes, Jameela Joy and Pauchard, An{\´i}bal and La Vi{\~n}a, Antonia G. M.}, title = {The land and sea routes to 2030: a call for greater attention on all small islands in global environmental policy}, series = {npj Biodiversity}, journal = {npj Biodiversity}, number = {2}, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group UK}, issn = {2731-4243}, doi = {10.1038/s44185-023-00023-5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:eb1-opus-6780}, pages = {8}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Islands have unique vulnerabilities to biodiversity loss and climate change. Current Nationally Determined Contributions under the Paris Agreement are insufficient to avoid the irreversible loss of critical island ecosystems. Existing research, policies, and finance also do not sufficiently address small islands' social-environmental challenges. For instance, the new Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) mentions islands in the invasive species management target. This focus is important, as islands are at high risk to biological invasions; however, this is the only GBF target that mentions islands. There are threats of equal or greater urgency to small islands, including coastal hazards and overexploitation. Ecosystems such as coral reefs and mangroves are crucial for biodiversity, coastal protection, and human livelihoods, yet are unaddressed in the GBF. While research and global policy, including targeted financial flows, have a strong focus on Small Island Developing States (SIDS), the situation of other small islands has been largely overlooked. Here, through a review of policy developments and examples from islands in the Philippines and Chile, we urge that conservation and climate change policies place greater emphasis on acknowledging the diversity of small islands and their unique governance challenges, extending the focus beyond SIDS. Moving forward, global policy and research should include the recognition of small islands as metacommunities linked by interacting species and social-ecological systems to emphasize their connectivity rather than their isolation. Coalition-building and knowledge-sharing, particularly with local, Indigenous and traditional knowledge-holders from small islands, is needed to meet global goals on biodiversity and sustainable development by 2030.}, language = {en} }