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Designing mechanical structures exposed to random vibration loading compromises the central challenges of defining comprehensive load assumptions and of processing these efficiently in a fatigue assessment. For this matter of statistical load description, frequency-domain methods withhold major advantages. They describe random vibration loading by its power spectral density, which allows drastic data reduction, to conduct efficient response analyses and to derive a statistical description of resulting load spectra. Nevertheless, this procedure is limited to stationary Gaussian loading. Thus, this paper proposes an extension of the frequency-domain approach to a special class of non-stationary loading – amplitude-modulated processes. These consist of a unique vibration state that varies in intensity, which is represented by a modulating signal. This paper develops a methodology to test for amplitude-modulated processes, to derive efficient measures for the intensity variation and to include this behavior in a fatigue assessment carried out in frequency-domain. The full methodology is presented via a set of simulated data.