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Keyboards are omnipresent in modern society. Hospitals, retail stores, offices or at home, the keyboard is still, the main input device for almost anyone that interacts with a computer. However, at some point, many people experience discomfort or even pain while using a keyboard because of the many small and repetitive movements the fingers have to do to operate it. Therefore, in this thesis we try to evaluate an alternative, non-uniform keyboard design where each individual mechanical keyswitch is equipped with a spring that features a resistance appropriate for the specific finger usually operating it. The idea behind this adjusted design is to particularly reduce the load on weaker fingers and still pertain or even enhance typing performance. Additionally, we try to answer the question, whether or not a keyboard with, per finger, adjusted actuation force has a positive impact on efficiency and overall satisfaction. Thus, we evaluated the current availability of resistances for mechanical keyswitches and conducted a preliminary telephone interview (n = 17) to assess preferences, use-cases and previous experiences with keyboards. Further, we ran another preliminary experiment, where we measured the maximum applicable force for each finger in different positions related to keyboarding as a basis for our adjusted keyboard design. Lastly, during a three week laboratory user study with twenty-four participants, the adjusted keyboard design and three traditional keyboards with 35 g, 50 g and 80 g actuation force were compared to each other in terms of performance and user satisfaction. The statistical analysis revealed, that especially error rates are positively influenced by higher actuation forces and that keyboards with neither too heavy nor to light resistance generally perform the best in terms of typing speed. Further, the adjusted keyboard and the 50 g keyboard performed almost identically in all tests and therefore we could not derive any significant improvements in performance or satisfaction over traditional designs that utilize keyswitches with moderate resistance. However, we concluded, that with the equally good results, the adjusted design is still a viable alternative and with further improvements, e.g., complete personalization of spring resistance for each key, could possibly enhance the user experience and performance for sophisticated typists.
WHOIS and WHOCARES?
(2024)
The underlying infrastructure of the Internet is in a state of constant change, necessitating a high degree of resilience against a multitude of intentional attacks, as well as unintentional configuration errors. Nevertheless, the Internet is subject to numerous routing-related incidents on a daily basis. Multiple security mechanisms have been proposed to prevent such incidents, although only a few have been widely adopted, either utilizing data provided by the Internet Routing Registry (IRR) or the Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI). Therefore, in this thesis we seek to answer the questions if the data provided by the IRRs is a sufficient foundation for routing security and how different IRR databases perform when utilized in two common methods of anomaly detection, in comparison to the emerging RPKI. Consequently, we evaluate the availability, recency, accuracy and update behavior of different IRRs and their provided objects. Moreover, we assess the capabilities and performance differences among IRRs when utilized in BGP Origin Validation (OV) and Path Verification (PV). Additionally, we compare the performance between IRR and RPKI when utilized as a data source for OV and PV. Our findings indicate that IRRs that mirror the majority of other IRRs while also utilizing data sanitization by employing RPKI Route Origin Authorizations (ROAs) could potentially provide the highest quantity and quality of data that can be used as a foundation for routing security. Additionally, our findings suggest that the age of objects is related to their validity when verified with the help of ROAs. The findings concerning the verification of Autonomous System (AS) paths by employing AS relationships from aut-num objects indicate that IRR data can only be utilized to a certain extent to verify the AS path in route announcements. Conversely, the remarkable explanatory power observed in IRR route(6) objects when utilized in OV and the recent increase in created objects within the IRRs indicate that these databases remain a viable foundation for validating Prefix Origins (POs) pairs, particularly when combined with data provided by the RPKI.