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We consider a small helicopter structure that is maneuvered through the control of moving masses. It is referred to as a swash mass helicopter (SMH). This paper addresses the trajectory tracking control problem for the SMH, with a specific focus on the decoupling change of coordinates of both rotational and translational dynamics. We propose a control scheme in which position tracking is the primary objective, while the attitude tracking task is considered as a secondary objective. The intermediate control signals related to the attitude dynamics exploit the structural properties of the SMH and are enhanced with terms that grant a more accurate tracking of the target trajectory. The closed-loop system stability under the trajectory tracking objective is obtained following the Interconnection and Damping Assignment Passivity-Based Control (IDA-PBC) approach. In addition, the presence of external disturbances can diminish the trajectory tracking performance. For this reason, a nonlinear outer loop controller is added to the IDA-PBC to compensate the disturbances. Finally, the results of several simulations are reported to evaluate the performance of the control strategy.
A novel structure learning algorithm for Bayesian Networks based on a Physarum Learner is presented. The length of the connections within an initially fully connected Physarum-Maze is taken as the inverse Pearson correlation coefficient between the connected nodes. The Physarum Learner then estimates the shortest indirect paths between each pair of nodes. In each iteration, a score of the surviving edges is incremented. Finally, the highest scored connections are combined to form a Bayesian Network. The novel Physarum Learner method is evaluated with different configurations and compared to the LAGD Hill Climber showing comparable performance with respect to quality of training results and increased time efficiency for large data sets.
NoiSLU: a Noisy speech corpus for Spoken Language Understanding in the Public Transport Domain
(2024)
Abstract
In the early stages, entrepreneurs encounter significant challenges and extreme uncertainty when founding a young innovative venture. In response to this, a spectrum of wide support mechanisms are available. Typically facilitated not in isolation, but rather through collaborative efforts involving multiple institutions within a startup ecosystem. An exemplary theoretical framework delineating auspicious collaborative efforts among multiple institutions to foster innovation, is the Triple Helix model. The primary objective of this thesis is therefore to analyze the positioning of European top incubator landscape within the Triple Helix Model and the support offers for startups resulting from the cooperation between incubator and a subsystem. Ultimately, implications for the local German incubator brigk should be described. In doing so, the conducted study employed a qualitative data analysis, leveraging 100 datasets within the data analysis software ATLAS.ti. By crawling the "About us" pages on incubators' websites, the methodology involved first-level paragraph coding based on the Triple Helix Model's subsystems. Subsequently, second-level codes were assigned following a consistent schema that highlighted the kind of collaboration. The final step involved the clustering of similar second-level codes, providing a nuanced understanding of the dimensional interaction between incubators and other institutions. The results show that cooperation’s between the analyzed incubators and the three subsystems of the Triple Helix Model do exist. Besides the pronounced frequency of cooperation with the Economic Subsystem, the role reversal revealed by the analysis is a particularly interesting finding in this thesis. It shows that incubators themselves often take on the role of a subsystem to drive innovation. Looking at the results of this work in a broader context, it could represent a benchmark for individual institutions within Europe, improving their cooperation’s with the players of the three subsystems. And in the long run, enhancing their offering and support to young innovative companies.
Feedback kann eine sehr wichtige Rolle für den Lernerfolg spielen. Beim Peer Review Verfahren beurteilen die Studierenden selbst gegenseitig ihre Arbeitsergebnisse, geben also einander Feedback. In diesem Beitrag werden das Peer Review Verfahren mit Gruppenarbeit verknüpft und dabei zwei mögliche Strukturierungsvarianten differenziert. Für die Umsetzung dieser beiden Varianten wird die Moodle-Aktivität „Gegenseitige Beurteilung“ herangezogen, die in der hier verwendeten Moodle-Version aber nicht vollumfänglich auf das Arbeiten mit Gruppen ausgelegt ist. Daher wird in diesem Beitrag aufgezeigt, welche Gestaltungen und manuellen Schritte seitens der Lehrperson zweckmäßig sind, um die Aktivität „Gegenseitige Beurteilung“ auch in Kombination mit Gruppenarbeit in geeigneter Weise einsetzen zu können.
Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems have achieved a mature technology stage and are in an early phase of mass deployment in Europe. Relying on Vehicle-to-X communication, these systems were primarily developed to improve traffic safety, efficiency, and driving comfort. However, they also offer great opportunities for other use cases. One of them is forensic accident analysis, where the received data provide details about the status of other traffic participants, give insights into the accident scenario, and therefore help in understanding accident causes. A high accuracy of the sent information is essential: For safety use cases, such as traffic jam warning, a poor accuracy of the data may result in wrong driver information, undermine the usability of the system and even create new safety risks. For accident analysis, a low accuracy may prevent the correct reconstruction of an accident. This paper presents an experimental study of the first generation of Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems in Europe. The results indicate a high accuracy for most of the data fields in the Vehicle-to-X messages, namely speed, acceleration, heading and yaw rate information, which meet the accuracy requirements for safety use cases and accident analysis. In contrast, the position data, which are also carried in the messages, have larger errors. Specifically, we observed that the lateral position still has an acceptable accuracy. The error of the longitudinal position is larger and may compromise safety use cases with high accuracy requirements. Even with limited accuracy, the data provide a high value for the accident analysis. Since we also found that the accuracy of the data increases for newer vehicle models, we presume that Vehicle-to-X data have the potential for exact accident reconstruction.
In dieser Bachelorarbeit steht das Thema Merchandising im deutschen Profifußball im Fokus. Die wissenschaftliche Untersuchung wurde auf die 1. und 2. Fußball-Bundesliga beschränkt. Mit dem großen Ziel, die Forschungsfrage „auf welchen aktuellen Trend die Vereine das größte Augenmerk legen müssen“ zu beantworten. Um einen weitreichenden Blick über diesen Wirtschaftszweig zu erhalten wurden ebenfalls auch weitere Kriterien, wie Ziele, Chancen und Risiken begutachtet. Als Grundlage diente die Literaturrecherche mittels Fachbücher, Zeitungsartikel sowie Studien. Bei den Zielen konnte ausfindig gemacht werden, dass es sich beim Merchandising um eine sehr wichtige Einnahmequelle handelt. Interessanterweise ließ sich feststellen, dass der Merchandisingkonsum vom Fanverhalten beeinflusst wird. Je stärker die Bindung von Vereinsanhänger zum Fußballclub ist, desto wichtiger ist dieser für den Merchandisingumsatz. Deswegen fokussieren sich die Fußballvereine bereits auf die jüngsten Mitglieder. In sogenannten Kids-Clubs. In der Hoffnung die Verbindung zum Verein zu kräftigen und lebenslang aufrecht zu erhalten. Des Weiteren wird mittels Merchandisingprodukten ein wichtiges Marketingziel verfolgt. Die mit dem Vereinswappen versehenen Artikel repräsentieren den Verein als Marke. Eine durchgeführte Studie des Unternehmens FanQ bekräftigt die Wichtigkeit der Fanartikel für die Anhänger. Auf welche in dieser Bachelorarbeit Bezug genommen wird. Zusätzlich wurden die Chancen mit dem Ergebnis, dass der ausländische Markt noch Potenzial aufweist und Risiken, dass ein Zusammenhang zwischen Merchandising-Artikel und Gewalttaten besteht, untersucht. Hervorzuheben ist die wissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema der Produkttrends. Hier sind mehrere Entwicklungen erkennbar. Bewahrheitet hat sich unter anderem der Erfolg mit den sogenannten „Sondertrikots“. Diesem Erfolgsfaktor bedient sich fast jeder Profifußballverein der ersten Bundesliga. Außerdem ist das Thema der „Nachhaltigkeit“ der stärkste Trend. Eine Auseinandersetzung mit dem ökologischen Fußabdruck der Artikelherstellung wird nicht nur seitens der Vereine durchgeführt, sondern auch vom Bundesministerium sowie von den Produktkäufern gefordert. Auf dieser Grundlage ist es empfehlenswert das sich die Fußballvereine in Zukunft vermehrt auf dieses Thema konzentrieren sollten.
It is well known that lithium-ion batteries pose a certain safety risk. The thermal runaway of a cell and the subsequent thermal propagation through the battery are considered particularly dangerous. Effective solutions for their mitigation are therefore of great interest. Previous studies have shown the significant influence
of a cell’s state of charge (SOC) on its behavior during thermal runaway. This relation may be exploitable in a battery pack to improve its safety. This study aims to assess the leverage of active SOC reduction in the imminent threat of thermal runaway. Implementing such a technique could become feasible with the emergence of reconfigurable battery systems. Four experiments were conducted, each with a module of three fresh 63 Ah high energy pouch cells in a spring-loaded bracing. The experiments studied different stationary SOC configurations, uniform (100% and 60%) and non-uniform (100%–60%–100% and 100%–20%–100%). The results indicate that thermal propagation is substantially delay (87 s) by discharging a cell in its path. The SOC reduction primarily decreases the maximum temperature of the respective cell. Further effects are a calmer thermal runaway and prolonged propagation time within the cell as well as to the next cell. In comparison, the SOC reduction has little impact on the cell’s own triggering time, as the triggering time is mainly determined by the thermal energy transferred from the preceding cell and hence by its SOC. Furthermore, the analysis of the experimental data (temperature, voltage, pressure, video) gives insights into the propagation of thermal runaway through the individual layers of a cell. With reference to the position of a cell relative to the origin of the thermal propagation, a decrease of its mass loss and an increase of its internal propagation time is observed. This effect is attributed to the decreasing module pressure due to progressive loss of material. The assessment shows that active SOC reduction techniques have great leverage for mitigating or even stopping thermal propagation in a battery pack.
In 2020 the new COVID-19-virus brought an external shock to the stock markets. In this situation effective leadership was essential to bring companies through the crisis.
Political observation showed that countries led by women managed the pandemic situation more effectively than those led by men. Therefore, the research objective of this article is to examine whether female leaders were also more successful to guide companies through the pandemic. Success in this study is defined as financial performance based on stock prices.
To find out whether female managers showed a better financial performance during this crisis, this study examined all companies listed on the German Stock Exchange, which have at least 50 % women in the board. To compare this female managed companies to firms managed mainly by male managers, a market value weighted index for the female managed companies was conducted and compared to the German Stock Index DAX by looking at several financial key figures.
The analysis of these key figures shows that female managed companies outperformed male managed companies in terms of return as well as risk in the year of the COVID-pandemic but were not able to keep their overperformance in the subsequent years. This may be an indicator that women are superior in leading a company through a crisis but suffer in terms of performance when times have calmed down.
Automatizované řízení
(2022)
Sustainable UX zielt darauf ab, ökologische und soziale Überlegungen in das Design digitaler Produkte zu integrieren. Die Implementierung von Sustainable UX stellt jedoch Designer, Entwickler sowie Unternehmen vor große Herausforderungen, da etablierte UX-Methoden oft nur bedingt kompatible Ansätze für Nachhaltigkeit bieten. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, wie Sustainable UX in traditionelle UX-Designprinzipien integriert werden kann und welche Herausforderungen dabei entstehen. Ein Hauptproblem besteht im deutlichen Mangel an spezialisierten Werkzeugen und klaren Methodiken, was die effektive Implementierung von Sustainable UX erschwert.
Zur Unterstützung dieser Untersuchung wurde eine qualitative Nutzerstudie durchgeführt, die die Wirkung der Sensibilisierung für ökologische Themen auf die Akzeptanz nachhaltiger Optionen bei den Nutzern erfasst. Die Studie ergänzt die Diskussion um praktische Anwendungen und zeigt, wie durch gezieltes Design und transparente Kommunikation die Akzeptanz und Motivation für umweltfreundlichere Entscheidungen erhöht werden kann.
Die Untersuchungen zeigen, dass die Integration von nachhaltigen Praktiken in bestehende UX-Methoden auf umfangreiche Herausforderungen stoßen. Diese umfassen nicht nur die technische und praktische Umsetzung, sondern auch ethische Überlegungen und die Notwendigkeit, zwischen Nutzerbedürfnissen und ökologischer, sowie sozialer Verantwortung abzuwägen. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen die Notwendigkeit, einen ausgewogenen Ansatz zu finden, der die menschlichen Bedürfnisse berücksichtigt und gleichzeitig die ökologischen und sozialen Auswirkungen der Nutzererfahrung miteinbezieht.
In a world that suffers with waste and pollution and clothing industry being one of the most polluting industries given the short lifespan of fast fashion, the need for sustainable consumption is an appraising study area. This study ascertains the need to identify what are the factor that affects sustainability of clothing consumption in Germany. For the purpose, the researcher has utilized a quantitative, deductive approach by a survey method, where 402 surveys were filled via the online platforms namely Limesurvey, Microsoft survey, and Google forms in which a German consumer sample was recruited through a convenience sampling considering the ease and time effectiveness in data collection. This research continues to explain the understanding of motivating factors, ability, incentives triggers, and social motivation as the independent variables of the study and see how it impact on sustainable consumption. Effects of keys results show that the motivating interest (0.561; 0.000), ability (0.523; 0.000); incentives for triggers (0.401; 0.000), and social motivation (0.409; 0.000) is explaining 43.7% amount of variance found in sustainable consumption. As per the Pearson Correlation all predictor variables had a moderate impact on the dependent variable. ANOVA reveals the model is statistically significant (ANOVA p=0.000) which means that it explains the data pattern sufficiently. Practical implications in conjunction point at the usefulness of Fogg Behavior Model and Theory of Planned Behavior in disclosing the explanation behind sustainable consumption behaviors. The strategic considerations emphasize the relevance of awareness campaigns, improving availability of green alternatives, using incentives as a trigger leverage, and using social favorable as a mediator of the sustainable practices. In general, this research narrows down the practice of green consumption and also helps business firms, policymakers and marketing personnel to promote eco-friendly behavior according to the situation.
This master's thesis investigates a concept study for developing a 100 kW PEM fuel cell, focusing on the layout of the balance of plant. The procedure began with the realization of the system, involving an intense study of the components and market analysis to acquire corresponding data for modeling purposes using CATIA V5. It concludes with an analysis of the energy distribution of the system, along with the presentation of the finalized package.
The strain induced martensitic transformation in austempered ductile iron (ADI) has been investigated using high resolution neutron diffraction on samples compressed ex-situ to different plastic strains. In addition bulk texture measurements using neutron diffraction have been performed to calculate the orientation distribution of ferrite and austenite phases for different strain levels. Combing the detailed texture information with neutron diffraction pattern proved to be essential for quantitative phase analysis and extraction of martensite phase fractions. The martensite content induced by strain in ADI depends on austempering temperature and degree of deformation.
A modified quenching and deformation dilatometer (TA instruments DIL 805A/D/T) is now in operation at the Heinz Maier‐Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ, Germany) neutron center. It is customized for running neutron scattering measurements during the temperature/deformation treatment of the sample, in particular neutron diffraction (phase, texture, and lattice strain) and neutron small angle scattering. The bulk length change of dilatometer specimens is successfully combined with in situ neutron diffraction patterns for analyzing dynamic processes in metallic materials. A detailed introduction to the unique dilatometer is given and examples of recent experiments highlight the use of the added insight provided by combining diffraction and dilatometry.
In-situ synchrotron diffraction and atom probe tomography (APT) have been used to study the carbon diffusion and redistribution process in austempered ductile iron (ADI) during austempering. The process of carbon content change in bainitic ferrite during different austempering temperatures has been determined quantitatively. The transformation in ADI is controlled by decarburization of supersaturated ferrite and carbide precipitation and has been found to be divided into three stages based on a model developed for bainitic steels by Takahashi and Bhadeshia. The formation, morphology and composition of carbides and carbon clusters in ferrite after austempering have been identified unequivocally by APT. Finally, the relationships of carbon content in ferrite, carbon gap values, and austempering temperatures in the ADI alloy were expressed using empirical equations.
The phase transformation to ausferrite during austempered ductile iron (ADI) heat treatment can be significantly influenced by the alloying element Mo. Utilizing neutron diffraction, the phase transformation from austenite to ausferrite was monitored in-situ during the heat treatment. In addition to the phase volume fractions, the carbon enrichment of retained austenite was investigated. The results from neutron diffraction were compared to the macroscopic length change from dilatometer measurements. They show that the dilatometer data are only of limited use for the investigation of ausferrite formation. However, they allow deriving the time of maximum carbon accumulation in the retained austenite. In addition, the transformation of austenite during ausferritization was investigated using metallographic methods. Finally, the distribution of the alloying elements in the vicinity of the austenite/ferrite interface zone was shown by atom probe tomography (APT) measurements. C and Mn were enriched within the interface, while Si concentration was reduced. The Mo concentration in ferrite, interface and austentite stayed at the same level. The delay of austenite decay during Stage II reaction caused by Mo was studied in detail at 400 °C for the initial material as well as for 0.25 mass % and 0.50 mass % Mo additions.
Phase transition and microstructure investigation of perferritic isothermed ductile iron (IDI)
(2020)