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Optimization Model of Hybrid Renewable Energy Generation for Electric Bus Charging Stations

  • This paper introduces a comprehensive approach for sizing grid-connected hybrid renewable energy systems tailored for electric bus fleet operations. The study involves two main steps. First, a mathematical model that optimizes the configuration of such systems by considering daily electric bus consumption, solar irradiance, wind speed, and biomass potential is formulated. The model utilizes Pareto frontier multi-objective optimization to minimize the net present cost, the cost of energy, and greenhouse gas emissions. Second, the model is rigorously applied and tested in a real-world case study in Fez, Morocco, using HOMER Pro; the case study centers on the daily energy requirements of the buses, estimated at 2.5 megawatt hours per day, with a peak demand of 345 kilowatts. Two scenarios are explored, revealing a discernible trade-off dilemma between the full hybrid renewable energy scenario (Scenario 1) and the grid-connected hybrid renewable energy scenario (Scenario 2). In Scenario 2, the grid-connected hybrid renewable energy systemThis paper introduces a comprehensive approach for sizing grid-connected hybrid renewable energy systems tailored for electric bus fleet operations. The study involves two main steps. First, a mathematical model that optimizes the configuration of such systems by considering daily electric bus consumption, solar irradiance, wind speed, and biomass potential is formulated. The model utilizes Pareto frontier multi-objective optimization to minimize the net present cost, the cost of energy, and greenhouse gas emissions. Second, the model is rigorously applied and tested in a real-world case study in Fez, Morocco, using HOMER Pro; the case study centers on the daily energy requirements of the buses, estimated at 2.5 megawatt hours per day, with a peak demand of 345 kilowatts. Two scenarios are explored, revealing a discernible trade-off dilemma between the full hybrid renewable energy scenario (Scenario 1) and the grid-connected hybrid renewable energy scenario (Scenario 2). In Scenario 2, the grid-connected hybrid renewable energy system demonstrates a notable 42.8% reduction in the net present cost, totaling USD 984,624. Similarly, the levelized cost of energy experiences a significant decrease, reaching approximately 0.08 USD/kWh, marking a 38.1% reduction. However, this apparent economic advantage is juxtaposed with a critical consideration—an increase in greenhouse gas emissions from null to 330,418 kg/year.show moreshow less

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Metadaten
Author:Ahmed BazziORCiD, Hamza El HafdaouiORCiD, Ahmed KhallaayounORCiD, Kedar MehtaORCiD, Kamar Ouazzani, Wilfried Zörner
Language:English
Document Type:Article
Year of first Publication:2023
published in (English):Energies
Publisher:MDPI
Place of publication:Basel
ISSN:1996-1073
Volume:17
Issue:1
Pages:22
Article Number:53
Review:peer-review
Open Access:ja
Version:published
Tag:HOMER; electric bus charging station; electric buses; grid-connected renewable energy system; hybrid renewable energy generation; on-site renewable energy generation; sustainable transport
URN:urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-47109
Related Identifier:https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010053
Faculties / Institutes / Organizations:Fakultät Maschinenbau
Institut für neue Energie-Systeme (InES)
Licence (German):License Logo Creative Commons BY 4.0
Release Date:2024/04/24