TY - JOUR A1 - von Sawitzky, Tamara A1 - Grauschopf, Thomas A1 - Riener, Andreas T1 - “Attention! A Door Could Open.”—Introducing Awareness Messages for Cyclists to Safely Evade Potential Hazards JF - Multimodal Technologies and Interaction N2 - Numerous statistics show that cyclists are often involved in road traffic accidents, often with serious outcomes. One potential hazard of cycling, especially in cities, is “dooring”—passing parked vehicles that still have occupants inside. These occupants could open the vehicle door unexpectedly in the cyclist’s path—requiring a quick evasive response by the cyclist to avoid a collision. Dooring can be very poorly anticipated; as a possible solution, we propose in this work a system that notifies the cyclist of opening doors based on a networked intelligent transportation infrastructure. In a user study with a bicycle simulator (N = 24), we examined the effects of three user interface designs compared to a baseline (no notifications) on cycling behavior (speed and lateral position), perceived safety, and ease of use. Awareness messages (either visual message, visual message + auditory icon, or visual + voice message) were displayed on a smart bicycle helmet at different times before passing a parked, still-occupied vehicle. Our participants found the notifications of potential hazards very easy to understand and appealing and felt that the alerts could help them navigate traffic more safely. Those concepts that (additionally) used auditory icons or voice messages were preferred. In addition, the lateral distance increased significantly when a potentially opening door was indicated. In these situations, cyclists were able to safely pass the parked vehicle without braking. In summary, we are convinced that notification systems, such as the one presented here, are an important component for increasing road safety, especially for vulnerable road users. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/mti6010003 KW - accident prevention KW - awareness message KW - connected traffic KW - cycling KW - head-mounted display KW - lateral position KW - simulation KW - vulnerable road users Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/mti6010003 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-13079 SN - 2414-4088 VL - 6 IS - 1 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weigl, Klemens A1 - Ponocny, Ivo T1 - Group sequential designs applied in psychological research JF - Methodology: European Journal of Research Methods for the Behavioral and Social Sciences N2 - Psychological research is confronted with ever-increasing demands to save resources such as time and money while assuring high ethical standards. In medical and pharmaceutical research, group sequential designs have fundamentally changed traditional statistical testing approaches featuring only one analysis at the end of a single-stage study. They enable early stopping at an interim stage, after a group of observations, for efficacy or futility in case of an overwhelmingly large or small effect, respectively. Otherwise, the trial is continued to the next stage. On average over many studies time and money are saved and more ethical trials are facilitated by diminishing the risk of patients' exposure to inferior treatments. We provide an easy-to-use tutorial for psychological research replete with easily understandable figures highlighting the core idea of different group sequential designs, a workflow chart, an empirical real-world data set, and the annotated R code. Finally, we demonstrate the application of early stopping for efficacy. UR - https://doi.org/10.5964/meth.2811 KW - group sequential designs KW - interim analyses KW - workflow chart KW - R Code KW - tutorial Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.5964/meth.2811 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-13190 SN - 1614-2241 VL - 16 IS - 1 SP - 75 EP - 91 PB - PsychOpen CY - Trier ER - TY - INPR A1 - Flohr, Lukas A. A1 - Schuß, Martina A1 - Wallach, Dieter P. A1 - Krüger, Antonio A1 - Riener, Andreas T1 - Designing for Passengers’ Information Needs on Fellow Travelers: A Comparison of Day and Night Rides in Shared Automated Vehicles N2 - Shared automated mobility-on-demand promises efficient, sustainable, and flexible transportation. Nevertheless, security concerns, resilience, and their mutual influence - especially at night - will likely be the most critical barriers to public adoption since passengers have to share rides with strangers without a human driver on board. As related work points out that information about fellow travelers might mitigate passengers' concerns, we designed two user interface variants to investigate the role of this information in an exploratory within-subjects user study (N = 24). Participants experienced four automated day and night rides with varying personal information about co-passengers in a simulated environment. The results of the mixed-method study indicate that having information about other passengers (e.g., photo, gender, and name) positively affects user experience at night. In contrast, it is less necessary during the day. Considering participants' simultaneously raised privacy demands poses a substantial challenge for resilient system design. UR - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2308.02616 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2308.02616 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-59892 PB - arXiv CY - Ithaca ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rosbach, Emely A1 - Ammeling, Jonas A1 - Krügel, Sebastian A1 - Kießig, Angelika A1 - Fritz, Alexis A1 - Ganz, Jonathan A1 - Puget, Chloé A1 - Donovan, Taryn A1 - Klang, Andrea A1 - Köller, Maximilian C. A1 - Bolfa, Pompei A1 - Tecilla, Marco A1 - Denk, Daniela A1 - Kiupel, Matti A1 - Paraschou, Georgios A1 - Kok, Mun Keong A1 - Haake, Alexander F. H. A1 - de Krijger, Ronald R. A1 - Sonnen, Andreas F.-P. A1 - Kasantikul, Tanit A1 - Dorrestein, Gerry M. A1 - Smedley, Rebecca C. A1 - Stathonikos, Nikolas A1 - Uhl, Matthias A1 - Bertram, Christof A1 - Riener, Andreas A1 - Aubreville, Marc ED - Yamashita, Naomi ED - Evers, Vanessa ED - Yatani, Koji ED - Ding, Xianghua ED - Lee, Bongshin ED - Chetty, Marshini ED - Toups-Dugas, Phoebe T1 - "When Two Wrongs Don't Make a Right" - Examining Confirmation Bias and the Role of Time Pressure During Human-AI Collaboration in Computational Pathology T2 - CHI'25: Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems N2 - Artificial intelligence (AI)-based decision support systems hold promise for enhancing diagnostic accuracy and efficiency in computational pathology. However, human-AI collaboration can introduce and amplify cognitive biases, like confirmation bias caused by false confirmation when erroneous human opinions are reinforced by inaccurate AI output. This bias may increase under time pressure, a ubiquitous factor in routine pathology, as it strains practitioners’ cognitive resources. We quantified confirmation bias triggered by AI-induced false confirmation and examined the role of time constraints in a web-based experiment, where trained pathology experts (n=28) estimated tumor cell percentages. Our results suggest that AI integration fuels confirmation bias, evidenced by a statistically significant positive linear-mixed-effects model coefficient linking AI recommendations mirroring flawed human judgment and alignment with system advice. Conversely, time pressure appeared to weaken this relationship. These findings highlight potential risks of AI in healthcare and aim to support the safe integration of clinical decision support systems. UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3706598.3713319 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3706598.3713319 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-58797 SN - 979-8-4007-1394-1 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Michahelles, Florian A1 - Riener, Andreas A1 - Grundel, Ida A1 - Boztepe, Suzan A1 - Trygg, Kristina A1 - Israel, Habakuk A1 - Pfleging, Bastian A1 - Veenstra, Mettina A1 - Wintersberger, Philipp T1 - Urban-Engage: Pioneering Urban Planning with Citizen-Driven 15-Minute City Solutions T2 - Mensch und Computer 2024 – Workshopband N2 - We propose an innovative approach to empower urban planners by integrating comprehensive and qualified citizen input into the planning of the 15-minute city (15mC) through immersive digital technologies. Our methodology includes (1) enabling citizens to annotate their real environment using augmented reality, (2) generating urban space alternatives based on generative AI and citizen annotations, (3) allowing modifications to AI-generated alternatives, (4) providing immersive 3D simulation environments for experiencing these alternatives, and (5) facilitating better negotiation between citizens and political players to identify the optimal solution. This process aims to account for diverse stakeholder interests, ensuring inclusive contributions and an experiential understanding of potential urban adaptation. UR - https://doi.org/10.18420/muc2024-mci-ws16-393 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.18420/muc2024-mci-ws16-393 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-52073 PB - Gesellschaft für Informatik CY - Bonn ER - TY - INPR A1 - Paula, Daniel A1 - Bauder, Maximilian A1 - Pfeilschifter, Claus A1 - Petermeier, Franziska A1 - Kubjatko, Tibor A1 - Böhm, Klaus A1 - Riener, Andreas A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg T1 - Impact of Partially Automated Driving Functions on Forensic Accident Reconstruction: A Simulator Study on Driver Reaction Behavior in the Event of a Malfunctioning System Behavior N2 - Partially automated driving functions (SAE Level 2) can control a vehicle's longitudinal and lateral movements. However, taking over the driving task involves automation risks that the driver must manage. In severe accidents, the driver's ability to avoid a collision must be assessed, considering their expected reaction behavior. The primary goal of this study is to generate essential data on driver reaction behavior in case of malfunctions in partially automated driving functions for use in legal affairs. A simulator study with two scenarios involving 32 subjects was conducted for this purpose. The first scenario investigated driver reactions to system limitations during cornering. The second scenario examined driver responses to phantom braking caused by the AEBS. As a result, the first scenario shows that none of the subjects could control the situation safely. Due to partial automation, we could also identify a new part of the reaction time, the hands-on time, which leads to increased steering reaction times of 1.18 to 1.74 seconds. In the second scenario, we found that 25 of the 32 subjects could not override the phantom braking by pressing the accelerator pedal, although 16 subjects were informed about the system analog to the actual vehicle manuals. Overall, the study suggests that the current legal perspective on vehicle control and the expected driver reaction behavior for accident avoidance should be reconsidered. UR - https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202311.0947.v1 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202311.0947.v1 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-42173 PB - Preprints CY - Basel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Manger, Carina A1 - Preiwisch, Anna A1 - Gambirasio, Chiara A1 - Golks, Simon A1 - Schuß, Martina A1 - Riener, Andreas ED - Michahelles, Florian ED - Knierim, Pascal ED - Häkkilä, Jonna T1 - We're in This Together: Exploring Explanation Needs and Methods in Shared Automated Shuttle Buses T2 - Proceedings of MUM 2023: the 22nd International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3626705.3627798 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3626705.3627798 SN - 979-8-4007-0921-0 SP - 145 EP - 151 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Manger, Carina A1 - Pusch, Florian A1 - Thöne, Manuel A1 - Wenger, Marco A1 - Löcken, Andreas A1 - Riener, Andreas ED - Michahelles, Florian ED - Knierim, Pascal ED - Häkkilä, Jonna T1 - Explainability in Automated Parking: The Effect of Augmented Reality Visualizations on User Experience and Situation Awareness T2 - Proceedings of MUM 2023: the 22nd International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3626705.3627796 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3626705.3627796 SN - 979-8-4007-0921-0 SP - 146 EP - 152 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Himmels, Chantal A1 - Weigl, Klemens A1 - Riener, Andreas A1 - Venrooij, Joost T1 - Establishing driving simulator validity: drawbacks of null-hypothesis significance testing when compared to equivalence tests and Bayes factors JF - Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922X.2023.2286478 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922X.2023.2286478 SN - 1464-536X VL - 25 IS - 5 SP - 546 EP - 566 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Manger, Carina A1 - Peintner, Jakob A1 - Devaraju, Manoj A1 - Riener, Andreas ED - Michahelles, Florian ED - Knierim, Pascal ED - Häkkilä, Jonna T1 - Good Vibes Only: A Comparative Study of Seat Vibration Concepts for Redirecting Driver Attention During Visual Distraction T2 - Proceedings of MUM 2023: the 22nd International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3626705.3631786 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3626705.3631786 SN - 979-8-4007-0921-0 SP - 492 EP - 494 PB - ACM CY - New York ER -