TY - JOUR A1 - Sequeira, Gerald Joy A1 - Lugner, Robert A1 - Jumar, Ulrich A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas T1 - A validation sensor based on carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic for early activation of automotive occupant restraint systems JF - Journal of sensors and sensor systems (JSSS) N2 - In the automotive industry, sensors and sensor systems are one of the most important components in upcoming challenges like highly automated and autonomous driving. Forward-looking sensors (radar, lidar and cameras) have the technical capability to already provide important (pre-)crash information, such as the position of contact, relative crash velocity and overlap (width of contact) before the crash occurs. Future safety systems can improve crash mitigation with sophisticated vehicle safety strategies based on this information. One such strategy is an early activation of restraint systems compared with conventional passive safety systems. These integrated safety systems consist of a combination of predictive forward-looking sensors and occupant restraint systems (airbags, belt tensioners, etc.) to provide the best occupant safety in inevitable crash situations. The activation of the restraint systems is the most critical decision process and requires a very robust validation system to avoid false activation. Hence, the information provided by the forward-looking sensor needs to be highly reliable. A validation sensor is required to check the plausibility of crucial information from forward-looking sensors used in integrated safety systems for safe automated and autonomous driving. This work presents a CFRP-based (carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic) validation sensor working on the principle of change in electrical resistance when a contact occurs. This sensor detects the first contact, gives information on impact position (where the contact occurs) and provides information on the overlap. The aim is to activate the vehicle restraint systems at near T0 (time of first contact). Prototypes of the sensor were manufactured in house and manually and were evaluated. At first, the sensor and its working principle were tested with a pendulum apparatus. In the next stage, the sensor was tested in a real crash test. The comparison of the signals from the CFRP-based sensor with presently used crash sensors in the vehicle highlights its advantages. The crash event can be identified at 0.1 ms after the initial contact. The sensor also provides information on impact position at 1.2 ms and enables a validation of the overlap development. Finally, a possible algorithm for the vehicle safety system using forward-looking sensors with a validation sensor is described. UR - https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-8-19-2019 Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-8-19-2019 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-9578 SN - 2194-878X VL - 8 IS - 1 SP - 19 EP - 35 PB - Copernicus Publ. CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sequeira, Gerald Joy A1 - Patel, Akshay A1 - Afraj, Shahabaz A1 - Lugner, Robert A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas T1 - FEM-based methodology for crash severity estimation in frontal crash scenarios JF - IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering N2 - With the technological development of forward-looking sensors, researchers are exploring their use not only for advanced driver assistance systems but also to gain important pre-crash information. Based on this pre-crash information, if the occupant motion inside the vehicle structure can be predicted for the oncoming crash scenario, then an optimal restraint strategy can be planned before the crash. This paper introduces a two-step FEM simulation based methodology for predicting the occupant severity in head-on crash scenarios. In the first step, we simulate the vehicle level model with different impact positions and relative approach angles. The results of these simulations, linear velocities in the longitudinal and lateral direction and angular velocities (roll, pitch, and yaw) during in-crash phase are the loading conditions for next simulation step (occupant level). This step simulates the motion of the driver in different crash scenarios. In this paper, we investigate the head, neck, and chest injury risks from vehicle-to-vehicle crash both traveling at 50 kilometers per hour. Prediction of the head injury criterion, identifying the cases where additional deployment of side-airbags and discussion of injury criteria with contour plots are the main outcome of this paper. UR - https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/831/1/012019 Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/831/1/012019 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-13159 SN - 1757-899X SN - 1757-8981 VL - 2020 IS - 831 PB - IOP CY - Bristol ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fadl, Islam A1 - Schön, Torsten A1 - Behret, Valentino A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas A1 - Palme, Frank A1 - Helmer, Thomas ED - Bashford-Rogers, Thomas ED - Meneveaux, Daniel ED - Ammi, Mehdi ED - Ziat, Mounia ED - Jänicke, Stefan ED - Purchase, Helen ED - Radeva, Petia ED - Furnari, Antonino ED - Bouatouch, Kadi ED - Sousa, A. Augusto T1 - Environment Setup and Model Benchmark of the MuFoRa Dataset T2 - Proceedings of the 20th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications - (Volume 3) N2 - Adverse meteorological conditions, particularly fog and rain, present significant challenges to computer vision algorithms and autonomous systems. This work presents MuFoRa a novel, controllable, and measured multimodal dataset recorded at CARISSMA’s indoor test facility, specifically designed to assess perceptual difficulties in foggy and rainy environments. The dataset bridges research gap in the public benchmarking datasets, where quantifiable weather parameters are lacking. The proposed dataset comprises synchronized data from two sensor modalities: RGB stereo cameras and LiDAR sensors, captured under varying intensities of fog and rain. The dataset incorporates synchronized meteorological annotations, such as visibility through fog and precipitation levels of rain, and the study contributes a detailed explanation of the diverse weather effects observed during data collection in the methods section. The dataset’s utility is demonstrated through a baseline evaluation example, asse ssing the performance degradation of state-of-the-art YOLO11 and DETR 2D object detection algorithms under controlled and quantifiable adverse weather conditions. The public release of the dataset (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14175611) facilitates various benchmarking and quantitative assessments of advanced multimodal computer vision and deep learning models under the challenging conditions of fog and rain. UR - https://doi.org/10.5220/0013307900003912 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.5220/0013307900003912 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-58070 SN - 978-989-758-728-3 SP - 729 EP - 737 PB - SciTePress CY - Setúbal ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sezgin, Fatih A1 - Vriesman, Daniel A1 - Steinhauser, Dagmar A1 - Lugner, Robert A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas T1 - Safe Autonomous Driving in Adverse Weather: Sensor Evaluation and Performance Monitoring T2 - IEEE IV 2023: Symposium Proceedings UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/IV55152.2023.10186596 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/IV55152.2023.10186596 SN - 979-8-3503-4691-6 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Böhmländer, Dennis A1 - Hasirlioglu, Sinan A1 - Yano, Vitor A1 - Lauerer, Christian A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas A1 - Zimmer, Alessandro T1 - Advantages in Crash Severity Prediction Using Vehicle to Vehicle Communication T2 - Proceedings: 2015 45th Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks Workshops UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/DSN-W.2015.23 Y1 - 2015 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/DSN-W.2015.23 SN - 978-1-4673-8044-7 SP - 112 EP - 117 PB - IEEE CY - Los Alamitos ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Vriesman, Daniel A1 - Junior, Alceu Britto A1 - Zimmer, Alessandro A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas T1 - Multimodal Early Fusion of Automotive Sensors based on Autoencoder Network: An anchor-free approach for Vehicle 3D Detection T2 - 2023 26th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION) UR - https://doi.org/10.23919/FUSION52260.2023.10224140 KW - early fusion KW - lidar KW - camera KW - radar KW - vehicle detection Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.23919/FUSION52260.2023.10224140 SN - 979-8-89034-485-4 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Chan, Lap Yan A1 - Zimmer, Alessandro A1 - Lopes da Silva, Joed A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas T1 - European Union dataset and annotation tool for real time automatic license plate detection and blurring T2 - 2020 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC45102.2020.9294240 KW - european license plate dataset KW - machine learning KW - license plate detector Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC45102.2020.9294240 SN - 978-1-7281-4149-7 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lopes da Silva, Joed A1 - Tabata, Alan Naoto A1 - Cardoso Broto, Lucas A1 - Pereira Cocron, Marta A1 - Zimmer, Alessandro A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas ED - Campilho, Aurélio ED - Karray, Fakhri ED - Wang, Zhou T1 - Open Source Multipurpose Multimedia Annotation Tool T2 - Image Analysis and Recognition: 17th International Conference, ICIAR 2020, Proceedings, Part I UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50347-5_31 KW - open source KW - video annotation KW - multipurpose KW - generic annotation Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50347-5_31 SN - 978-3-030-50346-8 SN - 978-3-030-50347-5 SN - 0302-9743 SN - 1611-3349 SP - 356 EP - 367 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Cardoso Broto, Lucas A1 - Okimoto, Maria L.R. A1 - Pereira Cocron, Marta A1 - Zimmer, Alessandro A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas ED - Yurish, Sergey Y. T1 - Application of Low-cost Pulse Radar for Heart Rate Detection in Vehicle Interior T2 - Sensors and Electronic Instrumentation Advances: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Sensors and Electronic Instrumentation Advances and Frequency & Time: Proceedings of the 2nd IFSA Frequency & Time Conference Y1 - 2020 UR - https://www.seia-conference.com/publications.html SN - 978-84-09-23483-7 SP - 99 EP - 104 PB - IFSA CY - Castelldefels ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sequeira, Gerald Joy A1 - Elnagdy, Elnagdy A1 - Danapal, Gokulesh A1 - Lugner, Robert A1 - Jumar, Ulrich A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas T1 - Investigation of Different Classification Algorithms for Predicting Occupant Injury Criterion to Decide the Required Restraint Strategy T2 - 2021 IEEE International Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC48978.2021.9564868 KW - pre-crash injury prediction KW - Advanced Vehicle Safety KW - machine learning Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC48978.2021.9564868 SN - 978-1-7281-9142-3 SP - 204 EP - 210 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Tomal Ribas, Luis Gustavo A1 - Pereira Cocron, Marta A1 - Lopes Da Silva, Joed A1 - Zimmer, Alessandro A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas T1 - In-Cabin vehicle synthetic data to test Deep Learning based human pose estimation models T2 - 2021 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/IV48863.2021.9576020 KW - Human Pose Estimation KW - in-cabin vehicle monitoring KW - OpenPose KW - Mask R-CNN Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/IV48863.2021.9576020 SN - 978-1-7281-5394-0 SP - 610 EP - 615 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sequeira, Gerald Joy A1 - Harlapur, Bhuvan A1 - Lugner, Robert A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas T1 - Investigation of three-arc contour prediction algorithm on KITTI LiDAR raw data set T2 - 2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Fall): Proceedings UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC2021-Fall52928.2021.9625355 KW - vehicular and wireless technologies KW - laser radar KW - trajectory planning KW - shape KW - roads KW - image edge detection KW - transportation Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC2021-Fall52928.2021.9625355 SN - 978-1-6654-1368-8 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Vriesman, Daniel A1 - Pederiva, Marcelo Eduardo A1 - De Martino, José Mario A1 - Britto Junior, Alceu A1 - Zimmer, Alessandro A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas T1 - A fusion approach for pre-crash scenarios based on lidar and camera sensors T2 - 2021 IEEE 93rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Spring), Proceedings UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC2021-Spring51267.2021.9449039 KW - sensor fusion KW - lidar KW - camera KW - pre-crash KW - ADAS Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC2021-Spring51267.2021.9449039 SN - 978-1-7281-8964-2 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sequeira, Gerald Joy A1 - Afraj, Shahabaz A1 - Lugner, Robert A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas T1 - LiDAR based prediction and contact based validation of crash parameters for a preemptive restraint strategy T2 - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICVES.2019.8906354 KW - vehicle safety KW - integrated safety KW - predictive safety system KW - contour estimation KW - crash scenario prediction KW - crash validation Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICVES.2019.8906354 SN - 978-1-7281-3473-4 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sequeira, Gerald Joy A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas T1 - Evaluation and characterization of crash-pulses for head-on collisions with varying overlap crash scenarios JF - Transportation Research Procedia N2 - Activation time for activating the occupant restraint systems (airbag and seatbelt) is very critical for an optimal safety action. A crash-pulse is the deceleration of the vehicle measured during in a crash. The shape, slope, maximum deceleration and duration of the crash-pulse provides significant information over the nature of occupant motions during in-crash phase and hence the crash severity. The above parameters of the crash-pulse not only depend on the mass and impact velocity but also on the crash configuration (position of impact, overlap, relative approach angle etc.). This study focuses on analysis and characterization of crash-pulses in head-on collision cases with varying overlap configurations. The paper describes causes for occupant injuries during a crash, crash-pulse and its important physical parameters, and different methodologies used to analyse the crash-pulse. Finite element simulation method is used to study the crash-pulses from different crash configurations. A new severity index that has direct influence on the occupant kinematics is defined. The results show that the steep decrease of crash-pulse for small overlap configurations (less than 25 percent of vehicle width) lags by 20 to 25 milliseconds as compared to configurations with large overlaps. The shape of the crash-pulse also changes for crash scenarios with different overlap configurations. The results, discussion and conclusion sections of this paper provide a summary of crash behaviour of varying overlap crash scenarios and insights that can be used for deployment of restraint systems. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2020.08.156 KW - Crash severity KW - Head-on collision KW - Frontal crash KW - Crash-pulse characterization Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2020.08.156 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-13319 SN - 2352-1465 VL - 2020 IS - 48 SP - 1306 EP - 1315 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zaumseil, Patrick A1 - Steinhauser, Dagmar A1 - Held, Patrick A1 - Kamann, Alexander A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas T1 - Radar-based near field environment perception using back projection algorithm T2 - European Microwave Week 2019: "Universality Through Microwaves" Conference Proceedings KW - back projection approach KW - high resolution radar KW - perception Y1 - 2019 UR - https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8904568 SN - 978-2-87487-057-6 SN - 978-2-87487-054-5 SP - 257 EP - 260 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Steinhauser, Dagmar A1 - Held, Patrick A1 - Kamann, Alexander A1 - Koch, Andreas A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas T1 - Micro-Doppler extraction of pedestrian limbs for high resolution automotive radar T2 - 2019 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2019.8813850 Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2019.8813850 SN - 978-1-7281-0560-4 SN - 2642-7214 SP - 764 EP - 769 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Kilian A1 - Lugner, Robert A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas T1 - LiDAR-based contour estimation of oncoming vehicles in pre-crash scenarios T2 - 2019 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2019.8813825 Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2019.8813825 SN - 978-1-7281-0560-4 SP - 2272 EP - 2277 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Speth, Thomas A1 - Riebl, Raphael A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas A1 - Facchi, Christian A1 - Al-Bayatti, Ali H. A1 - Jumar, Ulrich T1 - Enhanced Inter-Vehicular relative positioning T2 - 2016 IEEE 19th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2016.7795657 KW - vehicular ad hoc networks KW - intelligent transport system KW - satellite navigation system KW - positioning KW - real time kinematic KW - moving base Y1 - 2016 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2016.7795657 SN - 978-1-5090-1889-5 SP - 867 EP - 872 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lugner, Robert A1 - Inderst, Maximilian A1 - Sequeira, Gerald Joy A1 - Schneider, Kilian A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas T1 - Collision Prediction for Irreversible Pre-Crash Safety Measures T2 - FISITA Web Congress 2020 Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.fisita.com/library/f2020-pif-033 N1 - Paper + Video PB - FISITA CY - Bishops Stortford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Huber, Robert A1 - Schneider, Kilian A1 - Wetzel, Alexander A1 - Neitzel, Erik A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas T1 - Light Analysis for Optimized Object Detection with Cameras for Integrated Safety Systems T2 - 2022 International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Energy Technologies (ICECET) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECET55527.2022.9872761 KW - Vehicle safety KW - autonomous driving KW - advanced driver assistance system KW - light simulation Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECET55527.2022.9872761 SN - 978-1-6654-7087-2 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway (NJ) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Speth, Thomas A1 - Riebl, Raphael A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas A1 - Facchi, Christian A1 - Jumar, Ulrich A1 - Al-Bayatti, Ali H. T1 - VANET Coverage Analysis for GPS Augmentation Data in Rural Area JF - IFAC-PapersOnLine UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.11.112 KW - Communication networks KW - Global positioning system KW - Vehicular ad hoc networks KW - Intelligent transportation system KW - Real time kinematic KW - Portable Base Y1 - 2016 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.11.112 SN - 2405-8963 VL - 49 IS - 30 SP - 245 EP - 250 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mühlfeld, Florian A1 - Doric, Igor A1 - Ertlmeier, Rudolf A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas T1 - Statistical behavior modeling for driver-adaptive precrash systems JF - IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2013.2267799 KW - behavior modeling KW - driver adaptation KW - precrash activation Y1 - 2013 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2013.2267799 SN - 1558-0016 SN - 1524-9050 VL - 14 IS - 4 SP - 1764 EP - 1772 PB - IEEE CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Kilian A1 - Lugner, Robert A1 - Inderst, Maximilian A1 - Weigl, Tobias A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas T1 - Verification of Crash Severity Estimation Algorithm for Autonomous Driving Using Real Crash Data T2 - ICVISP 2020: Proceedings of the 2020 4th International Conference on Vision, Image and Signal Processing UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3448823.3448850 KW - crash severity KW - pre-crash KW - autonomous driving KW - vehicle safety KW - driver assistant systems Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3448823.3448850 SN - 978-1-4503-8953-2 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Held, Patrick A1 - Steinhauser, Dagmar A1 - Kamann, Alexander A1 - Holdgrün, Thomas A1 - Doric, Igor A1 - Koch, Andreas A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas T1 - Radar-Based Analysis of Pedestrian Micro-Doppler Signatures Using Motion Capture Sensors T2 - 2018 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2018.8500656 KW - chirp KW - sensors KW - time-frequency analysis KW - radar cross-sections KW - legged locomotion Y1 - 2018 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2018.8500656 SN - 978-1-5386-4452-2 SP - 787 EP - 793 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kamann, Alexander A1 - Held, Patrick A1 - Perras, Florian A1 - Zaumseil, Patrick A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas A1 - Schwarz, Ulrich T1 - Automotive Radar Multipath Propagation in Uncertain Environments T2 - 2018 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2018.8570016 KW - sensors KW - radar KW - receiving antennas KW - surface waves KW - transmitting antennas KW - rough surfaces KW - surface roughness Y1 - 2018 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2018.8570016 SN - 978-1-7281-0323-5 SP - 859 EP - 864 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schöppe, Detlev A1 - Steinhauser, Dagmar A1 - Thöresz, Bernhard A1 - Hasirlioglu, Sinan A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas T1 - Behavior of sensor systems for safety in automated driving with different weather conditions under reproducible conditions T2 - 12. VDI-Tagung Fahrzeugsicherheit: Fahrzeugsicherheit im Umfeld von neuen Rating- und Gesetzesanforderungen UR - https://doi.org/10.51202/9783181023648-205 Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.51202/9783181023648-205 SN - 978-3-18-092364-2 SN - 978-3-18-102364-8 SP - 205 EP - 218 PB - VDI Verlag CY - Düsseldorf ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sequeira, Gerald Joy A1 - Surve, Manasi A1 - Afraj, Shahabaz A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas T1 - A novel concept for validation of pre-crash perception sensor information using contact sensor T2 - 2020 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC45102.2020.9294242 KW - Contacts KW - Accidents KW - Resistance KW - Safety KW - Electron tubes KW - Pins KW - Laser radar Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC45102.2020.9294242 SN - 978-1-7281-4149-7 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sequeira, Gerald Joy A1 - Afraj, Shahabaz A1 - Surve, Manasi A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas T1 - LiDAR point cloud analysis for vehicle contour estimation using polynomial approximation and curvature breakdown T2 - 2020 IEEE 92nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2020-Fall) Proceedings UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC2020-Fall49728.2020.9348457 KW - Three-dimensional displays KW - Laser radar KW - Electric breakdown KW - Shape KW - Estimation KW - Sensors KW - Vehicles Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC2020-Fall49728.2020.9348457 SN - 978-1-7281-9484-4 SN - 2577-2465 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway (NJ) ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Holdgrün, Thomas A1 - Doric, Igor A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas A1 - Fuchs, Therese A1 - Mühlbauer, Julia A1 - Steinert, Philipp A1 - Peldschus, Steffen T1 - A Virtual Reality based Approach for Researching Pedestrian to Vehicle Collisions T2 - 2018 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2018.8500524 KW - FEM simulation KW - pedestrian behavior KW - pedestrian simulator KW - pedestrian to vehicle interaction KW - vR testing Y1 - 2018 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2018.8500524 SN - 978-1-5386-4452-2 SP - 1318 EP - 1325 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mothershed, David Michael A1 - Lugner, Robert A1 - Afraj, Shahabaz A1 - Sequeira, Gerald Joy A1 - Schneider, Kilian A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas A1 - Soloiu, Valentin T1 - Comparison and Evaluation of Algorithms for LiDAR-Based Contour Estimation in Integrated Vehicle Safety JF - IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2020.3044753 KW - contour estimation KW - curve similarity KW - integrated safety KW - intelligent vehicles KW - inverse analysis KW - light detection and ranging (LiDAR) Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2020.3044753 SN - 1558-0016 VL - 23 IS - 5 SP - 3925 EP - 3942 PB - IEEE CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Held, Patrick A1 - Steinhauser, Dagmar A1 - Koch, Andreas A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas A1 - Schwarz, Ulrich T1 - A Novel Approach for Model-Based Pedestrian Tracking Using Automotive Radar JF - IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2021.3066680 KW - pedestrian detection KW - micro-Doppler KW - extended object tracking KW - data association Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2021.3066680 SN - 1558-0016 SN - 1524-9050 VL - 23 IS - 7 SP - 7082 EP - 7095 PB - IEEE CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lugner, Robert A1 - Krause, Robert A1 - Inderst, Maximilian A1 - Schneider, Kilian A1 - Sequeira, Gerald Joy A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas T1 - Interface and Optimizations for Crash Severity Estimation and Inevitability Modelling in Pre-Crash Safety Systems T2 - FISITA World Congress 2021 Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.fisita.com/library/f2021-pif-070 N1 - Paper + Video PB - FISITA CY - Bishops Stortford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schlamp, Anna-Lena A1 - Schneider, Kilian A1 - Lugner, Robert A1 - Sequeira, Gerald Joy A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas T1 - Approximation of the overlap for integral safety systems T2 - Fahrzeugsicherheit: Auf dem Weg zur Fahrzeugsicherheit 2030 UR - https://doi.org/10.51202/9783181023877-407 Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.51202/9783181023877-407 SN - 978-3-18-102387-7 SN - 978-3-18-092387-1 SP - 407 EP - 418 PB - VDI Verlag CY - Düsseldorf ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sequeira, Gerald Joy A1 - Konda, Anudeep Reddy A1 - Lugner, Robert A1 - Jumar, Ulrich A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas T1 - Crash Pulse Prediction Using Regression Algorithm with Gradient Descent Optimization Method for Integrated Safety Systems JF - SAE International journal of transportation safety UR - https://doi.org/10.4271/09-10-02-0009 KW - Crashworthiness KW - Integrated-safety systems KW - Crash-pulse KW - Regression Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.4271/09-10-02-0009 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-27466 SN - 2327-5634 SN - 2327-5626 VL - 10 (2022) IS - 2 PB - SAE International CY - Warrendale ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sequeira, Gerald Joy A1 - Schneider, Kilian A1 - Lugner, Robert A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas T1 - Concepts for Validation Sensor for Pre-Crash Information from Forward-Looking Sensors T2 - Sensoren und Messsysteme: Beiträge der 19. ITG/GMA-Fachtagung; ITG-Fachbericht 281 Y1 - 2018 UR - https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8436219 SN - 978-3-8007-4683-5 SN - 0932-6022 SP - 585 EP - 589 PB - VDE Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sequeira, Gerald Joy A1 - Lugner, Robert A1 - Steinhauser, Dagmar A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas T1 - Investigation of intelligent features for CFRP structure in automotive safety systems T2 - 2017 2nd IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Engineering ICITE 2017 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/icite.2017.8056874 KW - intelligent automotive safety systems KW - CFRP structures KW - crash severity estimation Y1 - 2017 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/icite.2017.8056874 SN - 978-1-5090-6272-0 SN - 978-1-5090-6273-7 SP - 18 EP - 24 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway (NJ) ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lugner, Robert A1 - Sequeira, Gerald Joy A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas ED - Ziemann, Olaf ED - Bogner, Werner ED - Mottok, Jürgen T1 - Crash Detection with Structure-Borne Sound BT - Analysis of Plastic Buckling of Thin-Walled Circular Tubes T2 - Applied Research Conference 2013: ARC 2013 Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-3-8440-2274-2 SP - 50 EP - 53 PB - Shaker Verlag CY - Düren ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Böhmländer, Dennis A1 - Dirndorfer, Tobias A1 - Al-Bayatti, Ali H. A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas T1 - Context-aware system for pre-triggering irreversible vehicle safety actuators JF - Accident Analysis & Prevention UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2017.02.015 KW - Context-aware system KW - Driver behavior KW - Crash severity estimation KW - Collision mitigation KW - Pre-triggering KW - Vehicle safety Y1 - 2017 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2017.02.015 SN - 1879-2057 VL - 2017 IS - 103 SP - 72 EP - 84 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Held, Patrick A1 - Steinhauser, Dagmar A1 - Kamann, Alexander A1 - Koch, Andreas A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas A1 - Schwarz, Ulrich T1 - Normalization of Micro-Doppler Spectra for Cyclists Using High-Resolution Projection Technique T2 - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICVES.2019.8906495 Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICVES.2019.8906495 SN - 978-1-7281-3473-4 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kamann, Alexander A1 - Steinhauser, Dagmar A1 - Gruson, Frank A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas A1 - Schwarz, Ulrich T1 - Extended Object Tracking Using Spatially Resolved Micro-Doppler Signatures JF - IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/TIV.2020.3035433 KW - extended object tracking KW - micro-Doppler signatures KW - radar Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/TIV.2020.3035433 SN - 2379-8904 SN - 2379-8858 VL - 6 IS - 3 SP - 440 EP - 449 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Steinhauser, Dagmar A1 - Held, Patrick A1 - Thöresz, Bernhard A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas T1 - Towards Safe Autonomous Driving BT - Challenges of Pedestrian Detection in Rain with Automotive Radar T2 - Proceedings of the 17th European Radar Conference UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/EuRAD48048.2021.00110 KW - high-resolution radar KW - rain KW - pedestrian detection KW - micro-Doppler signature Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/EuRAD48048.2021.00110 SN - 978-2-87487-061-3 SP - 409 EP - 412 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ben Arab, Amine A1 - Gu, Jing A1 - Mohammadi, Hassan A1 - Book, Mia A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas A1 - Ferdowsizadeh Naeeni, Alireza T1 - From Vehicle Setup to Dataset Generation: A Holistic Approach to Long-Range Automated Valet Parking Development T2 - Uni-DAS: 15. Workshop Fahrerassistenz und automatisiertes Fahren (FAS 2023) KW - AVP KW - Sensors KW - Sensor-2-Sensor Calibration KW - Time Synchronization KW - Reference systems Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.uni-das.de/fas-workshop/2023.html SN - 978-3-941543-74-4 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Uni-DAS e. V. CY - Darmstadt ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Doric, Igor A1 - Reitberger, Andreas A1 - Wittmann, Sebastian A1 - Harrison, Robert A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas T1 - A Novel Approach for the Test of Active Pedestrian Safety Systems JF - IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2016.2606439 Y1 - 2016 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2016.2606439 SN - 1558-0016 SN - 1524-9050 VL - 18 IS - 5 SP - 1299 EP - 1312 PB - IEEE CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Doric, Igor A1 - Frison, Anna-Katharina A1 - Wintersberger, Philipp A1 - Riener, Andreas A1 - Wittmann, Sebastian A1 - Zimmermann, Matheus A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas T1 - A Novel Approach for Researching Crossing Behavior and Risk Acceptance: The Pedestrian Simulator T2 - AutomotiveUI 2016, 8th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, Adjunct Proceedings UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3004323.3004324 Y1 - 2016 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3004323.3004324 SN - 978-1-4503-4654-2 SP - 39 EP - 44 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hasirlioglu, Sinan A1 - Doric, Igor A1 - Lauerer, Christian A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas T1 - Modeling and Simulation of Rain for the Test of Automotive Sensor Systems T2 - 2016 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2016.7535399 Y1 - 2016 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2016.7535399 SN - 978-1-5090-1821-5 SP - 286 EP - 291 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hasirlioglu, Sinan A1 - Kamann, Alexander A1 - Doric, Igor A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas T1 - Test Methodology for Rain Influence on Automotive Surround Sensors T2 - 2016 IEEE 19th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2016.7795918 Y1 - 2016 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2016.7795918 SN - 978-1-5090-1889-5 SP - 2242 EP - 2247 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Speth, Thomas A1 - Kamann, Alexander A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas A1 - Jumar, Ulrich T1 - Precise Relative Ego-Positioning by Stand-Alone RTK-GPS T2 - WPNC’16, Proceedings of the 2016 13th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communication (WPNC) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/WPNC.2016.7822852 Y1 - 2017 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/WPNC.2016.7822852 SN - 978-1-5090-5440-4 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sezgin, Fatih A1 - Vriesman, Daniel A1 - Held, Patrick A1 - Zimmer, Alessandro A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas T1 - A Deep Learning Approach for Pedestrian Behavior Interpretation Based on Radar Point Clouds T2 - 2021 18th European Radar Conference Proceedings UR - https://doi.org/10.23919/EuRAD50154.2022.9784515 KW - radar KW - vehicle safety KW - machine learning Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.23919/EuRAD50154.2022.9784515 SN - 978-2-87487-065-1 SP - 66 EP - 69 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sequeira, Gerald Joy A1 - Harlapur, Bhuvan A1 - Obando Ortegon, David A1 - Lugner, Robert A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas A1 - Soloiu, Valentin ED - Muštra, Mario ED - Vukovic, Josip ED - Zovko-Cihlar, Branka T1 - Investigation of Influence from Variation in Color on LiDAR Sensor for Perception of Environment in Autonomous Vehicles T2 - Proceedings ELMAR-2021: 63rd International Symposium ELMAR-2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ELMAR52657.2021.9550943 KW - Perception KW - LiDAR cloud points KW - Pre-crash systems Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ELMAR52657.2021.9550943 SN - 978-1-6654-4437-8 SP - 71 EP - 76 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Graf, Michael A1 - Steinhauser, Dagmar A1 - Vaculin, Ondrej A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas T1 - Impact of Adverse Weather on Road Safety: A Survey of Test Methods for Enhancing Safety of Automated Vehicles and Sensor Robustness in Challenging Environmental Conditions JF - IEEE Access N2 - Adverse weather conditions can significantly affect environmental sensors and reduce the ability of automated vehicles to interpret the environment. This can lead to the failure of driving and safety functions. To validate and increase the robustness of these, several adverse weather test methods have been introduced in recent years. The survey first gives an overview of the current traffic and accident analysis with a focus on adverse weather influences to assess the most relevant weather phenomena. Overall, rain and glare are the statistically most important adverse weather phenomena in terms of accidents. Heavy fog is rare but can cause very serious accidents. In a second step, meteorological knowledge is incorporated and the key environmental indicators for the respective weather conditions are determined, particularly taking the environmental sensor characteristics into account. Both sets of information are then utilized to provide a qualified overview of simulative and physical test methods used to reproduce critical adverse weather situations. These methods are employed to investigate the disturbance effects of inclement weather on sensors and to test the robustness of automated vehicles. The paper reveals that various approaches are used to reproduce weather effects and that test methods, each with different advantages and disadvantages, have been developed to varying degrees depending on the type of the weather phenomena. Overall, this review integrates perspectives from road safety research, meteorology, and testing methodologies to provide new insights into the validation of automated driving systems in challenging weather conditions. UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3622501 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3622501 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-63190 SN - 2169-3536 VL - 13 SP - 179817 EP - 179838 PB - IEEE CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sequeira, Gerald Joy A1 - Inderst, Maximilian A1 - Xhiku, Redjon A1 - Lugner, Robert A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas T1 - Sigmoid-Based Method for Longitudinal Crash Pulse Prediction in Intelligent Vehicles T2 - 2024 IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICVES61986.2024.10927899 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICVES61986.2024.10927899 SN - 979-8-3503-8727-8 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER -