TY - JOUR A1 - Vaculin, Ondrej A1 - Gellrich, Michael A1 - Matawa, Robert A1 - Witschass, Steffen T1 - Testing of automated driving systems JF - MECCA : Journal of Middle European Construction and Design of Cars N2 - The automated driving requires new testing approaches, which are more complex than the current testing systems. The complexity and requirements for accuracy is important, because of interconnection of virtual with physical testing. This paper presents a generic approach to testing of automated driving functions and demonstrates its implementation on measurement of two scenarios. N2 - Automatizované rízení vyžaduje nové testovací prístupy, které jsou daleko komplexnejší než soucasné testovací systémy. Komplexnost a požadavky na presnost jsou duležité z pohledu na propojení fyzického a virtuálního testování. Tento clánek prezentuje obecný prístup k testování funkcí automatizovaného rízení a demonstruje jeho implementaci na mereních dvou scénáru. UR - https://doi.org/10.14311/mecdc.2020.01.02 KW - automated driving KW - testing KW - testing scenarios Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.14311/mecdc.2020.01.02 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-16888 SN - 1804-9338 VL - 17 IS - 1 SP - 7 EP - 13 PB - Czech Technical University CY - Prag ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Itzek, Andreas A1 - Weißbach, Victoria A1 - Meintrup, David A1 - Rieß, Beate A1 - van der Linden, Mark A1 - Borgmann, Stefan T1 - Epidemiological and Clinical Features of Streptococcus dysgalactiae ssp. equisimilis stG62647 and Other emm Types in Germany JF - Pathogens N2 - (1) Background: Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis (SDSE) is an important β-hemolytic pathogen historically described as mainly affecting animals. Studies epidemiologically assessing the pathogenicity in the human population in Germany are rare. (2) Methods: the present study combines national surveillance data from 2010 to 2022 with a single-center clinical study conducted from 2016 to 2022, focusing on emm type, Lancefield antigen, antimicrobial resistance, patient characteristics, disease severity, and clinical infection markers. (3) Results: The nationwide reported invasive SDSE infections suggest an increasing infection burden for the German population. One particular emm type, stG62647, increased over the study period, being the dominant type in both study cohorts, suggesting a mutation-driven outbreak of a virulent clone. The patient data show that men were more affected than women, although in the single-center cohort, this trend was reversed for patients with stG62647 SDSE. Men affected by stG62647 developed predominantly fascial infections, whereas women suffering from superficial and fascial non-stG62647 SDSE infections were significantly younger than other patients. Increasing age was a general risk factor for invasive SDSE infections. (4) Conclusions: further studies are needed to further elucidate the raised questions regarding outbreak origin, underlying molecular mechanisms as well as sex-dependent pathogen adaptation. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12040589 KW - Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis KW - SDSE KW - Germany KW - stG62647 KW - emm type KW - surveillance KW - clinical study Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12040589 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-35164 SN - 2076-0817 VL - 12 IS - 4 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kubis, Lea A1 - Schwab, Julian D. A1 - Werle, Silke D. A1 - Lausser, Ludwig A1 - Tümpel, Stefan A1 - Pfister, Astrid S. A1 - Kühl, Michael A1 - Kestler, Hans A. T1 - A Boolean network of the crosstalk between IGF and Wnt signaling in aging satellite cells JF - PLOS ONE N2 - Aging is a complex biological process, which determines the life span of an organism. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and Wnt signaling pathways govern the process of aging. Both pathways share common downstream targets that allow competitive crosstalk between these branches. Of note, a shift from IGF to Wnt signaling has been observed during aging of satellite cells. Biological regulatory networks necessary to recreate aging have not yet been discovered. Here, we established a mathematical in silico model that robustly recapitulates the crosstalk between IGF and Wnt signaling. Strikingly, it predicts critical nodes following a shift from IGF to Wnt signaling. These findings indicate that this shift might cause age-related diseases. UR - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195126 Y1 - 2018 UR - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195126 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-27280 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 13 IS - 3 PB - PLOS CY - San Francisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bott, Christoph A1 - Dressel, Ingo A1 - Bayer, Peter T1 - Paraffin wax as self-sealing insulation material of seasonal sensible heat storage systems—A laboratory study JF - PLOS ONE N2 - Seasonal heat storage is considered as one of the key elements on the path to a low-emission economy. Embedded in local district heating networks, they raise the share of renewable energies and balance out highly fluctuating supplies of e.g. solar systems or windmills. The technology of seasonal heat storage can be described as almost technically mature, with well-established concepts and some systems being in operation for a considerable time. Nevertheless, the operating experience gained to date also revealed two critical problems. On the one hand, even smallest leakages in sealing foils led to irreparable breakdowns. On the other hand, heat loss in the marginal areas was revealed as a key deficiency, preventing the technology from advancing towards global marketability. This study presents an experimental approach to address these two key issues in the field of seasonal energy storage. Two small-scale laboratory tests were carried out to test paraffin wax as a completely novel component in the marginal area of seasonal storages. This is based on two material properties: As hydrophobic and mobile medium, the warmed and molten paraffin should actively seal the fissures and holes in the event of leakage. Additionally, the latent heat storage properties of the paraffin wax should increase the systems’ total storage capacity and reduce lateral heat losses via its low thermal conductivity. With retardation periods from 2.5 to 4 hours, the results show an effective phase change effect of the paraffin wax, which reduces energy losses and allows to buffer short-term, intensive loading and unloading processes. By storing up to 138 kJ/kg energy in the paraffin wax, increased capacities of application-scale pit storages by up to 40.70 MWh are to be expected. Additionally, the self-healing features could be successfully demonstrated: With only small losses of between 1.5 and 17%, the paraffin wax effectively sealed artificially incised leaks. Thereby, the mechanism was most effective for local defects. Following these positive demonstrations of feasibility, technical design questions still remain, which concern prevention of deformation of the paraffin wax. Once solved, this new component can then provide a path for further optimization of seasonal heat storage technologies. UR - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236056 Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236056 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-34535 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 15 IS - 7 PB - PLOS CY - San Francisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yarza Navarro-Schär, Vanessa Gabriela A1 - Eller, Eric A1 - Schulz, Marco A1 - Lermer, Eva T1 - The trust–NPS correlation: The role of trust in promoting customer loyalty in Swiss financial institutions JF - PLOS ONE N2 - The Net Promoter Score (NPS) is a widely used key performance indicator (KPI) for measuring customer loyalty and guiding customer-centric strategies. While customer trust has been identified as an important influencing factor for NPS, existing research treats trust as a unidimensional construct, leaving the specific trust components that drive customer loyalty behaviors largely unexplored. This study addresses this theoretical gap by examining the relationship between various trust components and NPS in the financial services sector. A survey of 1,370 Swiss consumers assessed trust across ten theoretically-derived dimensions alongside their NPS ratings for five financial service companies. Employing median-split analysis, results demonstrate that high customer trust is associated with a significantly higher NPS (+36.5) compared to low trust (−68.6). Critically, quantile regression analysis revealed heterogeneous effects of trust components across different NPS distribution levels, with ability, experience, and reputation showing consistent positive effects across all quantiles. In contrast, joint interests and continuity emerged as relevant only at higher NPS quantiles, while reciprocity proved significant exclusively at the 25th percentile, demonstrating that distinct trust determinants become salient depending on customers’ advocacy levels. These findings challenge prevailing theoretical assumptions about customer trust’s homogeneous influence on customer loyalty, revealing instead a differentiated pattern of trust component effects. The study advances trust theory by demonstrating that trust dimensions not only vary in their influence on customer advocacy behaviors but also exhibit different effect patterns across the NPS distribution, contradicting assumptions of uniform trust impact on loyalty outcomes. The results indicate that NPS optimization requires strategic focus on specific trust dimensions, particularly those demonstrating consistent positive associations across quantile levels. This research contributes novel theoretical insights into the conditional trust-loyalty relationship while providing empirically-grounded guidance for customer-centric business strategies. UR - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0334423 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0334423 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-63488 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 20 IS - 11 PB - PLOS CY - San Francisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Max, Raphael A1 - Uhl, Matthias T1 - Moral luck in investment contexts: We consciously find unprofitable investments less moral JF - PLOS ONE N2 - Moral luck refers to whether an actor is morally praised or blamed for an action whose outcome they could not influence. In two studies, we investigated the behavioral importance of this phenomenon in the realm of investments, which has become increasingly subject to ethical evaluations. In our first online experiment, we examined whether people’s moral evaluation of an investment decision depended on its arbitrary outcome and whether their interpretation of the nature of the decision was driven by this outcome. Our results showed that profitable investments were considered more moral than unprofitable investments. Moreover, profitable investments were labeled “investments” instead of “speculation” or “gambling” more often than unprofitable ones. In our second study, we asked the subjects to assess investments independent of the outcome. After the outcome was announced, the subjects were given the opportunity to reflect and change their initial decision. The results show that people change the moral evaluation and label of investments when told that it had a bad outcome. This observation was stable across different investment contexts. These findings suggest that we must be careful with the increasing moralization of investment decisions and be sensitive to our cognitive biases. UR - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278677 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278677 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-32059 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 18 IS - 1 PB - PLOS CY - San Francisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hebestreit, Katja A1 - Gröttrup, Sören A1 - Emden, Daniel A1 - Veerkamp, Jannis A1 - Ruckert, Christian A1 - Klein, Hans-Ulrich A1 - Müller-Tidow, Carsten A1 - Dugas, Martin T1 - Leukemia Gene Atlas – A Public Platform for Integrative Exploration of Genome-Wide Molecular Data JF - PLOS ONE N2 - Leukemias are exceptionally well studied at the molecular level and a wealth of high-throughput data has been published. But further utilization of these data by researchers is severely hampered by the lack of accessible integrative tools for viewing and analysis. We developed the Leukemia Gene Atlas (LGA) as a public platform designed to support research and analysis of diverse genomic data published in the field of leukemia. With respect to leukemia research, the LGA is a unique resource with comprehensive search and browse functions. It provides extensive analysis and visualization tools for various types of molecular data. Currently, its database contains data from more than 5,800 leukemia and hematopoiesis samples generated by microarray gene expression, DNA methylation, SNP and next generation sequencing analyses. The LGA allows easy retrieval of large published data sets and thus helps to avoid redundant investigations. It is accessible at www.leukemia-gene-atlas.org. UR - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0039148 Y1 - 2012 UR - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0039148 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-31698 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 7 IS - 6 PB - PLOS CY - San Francisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwan, Hannes A1 - Mohan, Nihesh A1 - Schmid, Maximilian A1 - Saha, Rocky Kumar A1 - Klassen, Holger A1 - Müller, Klaus A1 - Elger, Gordon T1 - Sintering for High Power Optoelectronic Devices JF - Micromachines N2 - Residual-free eutectic Au80Sn20 soldering is still the dominant assembly technology for optoelectronic devices such as high-power lasers, LEDs, and photodiodes. Due to the high cost of gold, alternatives are desirable. This paper investigates the thermal performance of copper-based sintering for optoelectronic submodules on first and second level to obtain thermally efficient thin bondlines. Sintered interconnects obtained by a new particle-free copper ink, based on complexed copper salt, are compared with copper flake and silver nanoparticle sintered interconnects and benchmarked against AuSn solder interconnects. The copper ink is dispensed and predried at 130 °C to facilitate in situ generation of Cu nanoparticles by thermal decomposition of the metal salt before sintering. Submounts are then sintered at 275 °C for 15 min under nitrogen with 30 MPa pressure, forming uniform 2–5 µm copper layers achieving shear strengths above 31 MPa. Unpackaged LEDs are bonded on first level using the copper ink but applying only 10 MPa to avoid damaging the semiconductor dies. Thermal performance is evaluated via transient thermal analysis. Results show that copper ink interfaces approach the performance of thin AuSn joints and match silver interconnects at second level. However, at first level, AuSn and sintered interconnects of commercial silver and copper pastes remained superior due to the relative inhomogeneous thickness of the thin Cu copper layer after predrying, requiring higher bonding pressure to equalize surface inhomogeneities. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16101164 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16101164 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-64984 SN - 2072-666X VL - 16 IS - 10 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meintrup, David A1 - Singer, Peter T1 - A Friendly Guide to the Real Exponential Function JF - The American Mathematical Monthly N2 - We propose an elementary introduction to the real exponential function of Leonhard Euler that combines ideas of Felix Klein and Adolf Hurwitz and uses an approximation of the primitive of the hyperbola. In this way, we can avoid the difficulties of common approaches yet still obtain classical results. UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/00029890.2025.2554556 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/00029890.2025.2554556 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-65107 SN - 1930-0972 VL - 132 IS - 10 SP - 1043 EP - 1047 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meintrup, David A1 - Borgmann, Stefan A1 - Seidl, Karlheinz A1 - Stecher, Melanie A1 - Jakob, Carolin E. M. A1 - Pilgram, Lisa A1 - Spinner, Christoph D. A1 - Rieg, Siegbert A1 - Isberner, Nora A1 - Hower, Martin A1 - Vehreschild, Maria A1 - Göpel, Siri A1 - Hanses, Frank A1 - Nowak-Machen, Martina T1 - Specific Risk Factors for Fatal Outcome in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients BT - Results from a European Multicenter Study JF - Journal of Clinical Medicine N2 - (1) Background: The aim of our study was to identify specific risk factors for fatal outcome in critically ill COVID-19 patients. (2) Methods: Our data set consisted of 840 patients enclosed in the LEOSS registry. Using lasso regression for variable selection, a multifactorial logistic regression model was fitted to the response variable survival. Specific risk factors and their odds ratios were derived. A nomogram was developed as a graphical representation of the model. (3) Results: 14 variables were identified as independent factors contributing to the risk of death for critically ill COVID-19 patients: age (OR 1.08, CI 1.06–1.10), cardiovascular disease (OR 1.64, CI 1.06–2.55), pulmonary disease (OR 1.87, CI 1.16–3.03), baseline Statin treatment (0.54, CI 0.33–0.87), oxygen saturation (unit = 1%, OR 0.94, CI 0.92–0.96), leukocytes (unit 1000/μL, OR 1.04, CI 1.01–1.07), lymphocytes (unit 100/μL, OR 0.96, CI 0.94–0.99), platelets (unit 100,000/μL, OR 0.70, CI 0.62–0.80), procalcitonin (unit ng/mL, OR 1.11, CI 1.05–1.18), kidney failure (OR 1.68, CI 1.05–2.70), congestive heart failure (OR 2.62, CI 1.11–6.21), severe liver failure (OR 4.93, CI 1.94–12.52), and a quick SOFA score of 3 (OR 1.78, CI 1.14–2.78). The nomogram graphically displays the importance of these 14 factors for mortality. (4) Conclusions: There are risk factors that are specific to the subpopulation of critically ill COVID-19 patients. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10173855 KW - COVID-19 KW - SARS-CoV-2 KW - risk factors KW - critically ill patients KW - comorbidities KW - lasso regression KW - nomogram Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10173855 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10999 SN - 2077-0383 VL - 10 IS - 17 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meintrup, David A1 - Nowak-Machen, Martina A1 - Borgmann, Stefan T1 - Nine months of COVID-19 pandemic in Europe BT - a comparative time series analysis of cases and fatalities in 35 countries JF - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health N2 - (1) Background: to describe the dynamic of the pandemic across 35 European countries over a period of 9 months. (2) Methods: a three-phase time series model was fitted for 35 European countries, predicting deaths based on SARS-CoV-2 incidences. Hierarchical clustering resulted in three clusters of countries. A multiple regression model was developed predicting thresholds for COVID-19 incidences, coupled to death numbers. (3) Results: The model showed strongly connected deaths and incidences during the waves in spring and fall. The corrected case-fatality rates ranged from 2% to 20.7% in the first wave, and from 0.5% to 4.2% in the second wave. If the incidences stay below a threshold, predicted by the regression model (R2=85.0%), COVID-19 related deaths and incidences were not necessarily coupled. The clusters represented different regions in Europe, and the corrected case-fatality rates in each cluster flipped from high to low or vice versa. Severely and less severely affected countries flipped between the first and second wave. (4) Conclusions: COVID-19 incidences and related deaths were uncoupled during the summer but coupled during two waves. Once a country-specific threshold of infections is reached, death numbers will start to rise, allowing health care systems and countries to prepare. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126680 KW - COVID-19 KW - SARS-CoV-2 KW - corrected case fatality rate KW - time series analysis KW - multiple regression KW - flip effect KW - death threshold Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126680 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-11001 SN - 1660-4601 VL - 18 IS - 12 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Borgmann, Stefan A1 - Rieß, Beate A1 - Meintrup, David A1 - Klare, Ingo A1 - Werner, Guido T1 - Long-Lasting Decrease of the Acquisition of Enterococcus faecium and Gram-Negative Bacteria Producing Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) by Transient Application of Probiotics JF - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) N2 - Previously it was shown that application of probiotics stopped the acquisition of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) by patients in an early rehabilitation ward. Once the application of probiotics ended, we examined whether acquisition of VRE reoccurred. Furthermore, we examined whether probiotics altered prevalence of vancomycin-susceptible E. faecium (VSE) and Gram-negative bacteria, which produce extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL). Although probiotic application ceased in April 2018, VRE-colonized patients rarely presented on that ward until 2019. Probiotic treatment also resulted in a decreased number of patients with VSE and ESBL. While decreased incidence of VRE occurred immediately, decreased VSE and ESBL numbers occurred months later. A probiotic-mediated decrease of VSE and ESBL incidence cannot be explained when assuming bacterial transmission exclusively as a linear cause and effect event. The decrease is better understood by considering bacterial transmissions to be stochastic events, which depend on various driving forces similar to an electric current. We hypothesize that VRE, VSE and ESBL uptake by patients and by staff members mutually reinforced each other, leading staff members to form a bacterial reservoir, similar to a condenser that stores electrical energy. Probiotic treatment then inhibited regeneration of that store, resulting in a breakdown of the driving force. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176100 KW - colonic bacteria KW - Enterococcus faecium KW - vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium KW - vancomycin-susceptible E. faecium KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - beta-lactamase KW - probiotics KW - health care co-workers KW - electric current KW - transistor KW - condenser KW - electrical current hypothesis of bacterial transmission Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176100 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-9425 SN - 1660-4601 VL - 17 IS - 17 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Borgmann, Stefan A1 - Meintrup, David A1 - Reimer, Kerstin A1 - Schels, Helmut A1 - Nowak-Machen, Martina T1 - Incidence and Death Rates from COVID-19 Are Not Always Coupled: An Analysis of Temporal Data on Local, Federal, and National Levels JF - Healthcare N2 - SARS-CoV-2 has caused a deadly pandemic worldwide, placing a burden on local health care systems and economies. Infection rates with SARS-CoV-2 and the related mortality of COVID-19 are not equal among countries or even neighboring regions. Based on data from official German health authorities since the beginning of the pandemic, we developed a case-fatality prediction model that correctly predicts COVID-19-related death rates based on local geographical developments of infection rates in Germany, Bavaria, and a local community district city within Upper Bavaria. Our data point towards the proposal that local individual infection thresholds, when reached, could lead to increasing mortality. Restrictive measures to minimize the spread of the virus could be applied locally based on the risk of reaching the individual threshold. Being able to predict the necessity for increasing hospitalization of COVID-19 patients could help local health care authorities to prepare for increasing patient numbers. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9030338 KW - time series analysis KW - COVID-19 incidence KW - case-fatality rate KW - herd immunity KW - Upper Bavaria Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9030338 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-11023 SN - 2227-9032 VL - 9 IS - 3 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - de Andrade, Mauren Louise S. C. A1 - Velloso Nogueira, Matheus A1 - Fidelis, Eduardo A1 - Aguiar Campos, Luiz Henrique A1 - Campos, Pietro A1 - Schön, Torsten A1 - de Abreu Faria, Lester ED - Radeva, Petia ED - Farinella, Giovanni Maria ED - Bouatouch, Kadi T1 - Exploiting GAN Capacity to Generate Synthetic Automotive Radar Data T2 - Proceedings of the 18th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications - Volume 4 N2 - In this paper, we evaluate the training of GAN for synthetic RAD image generation for four objects reflected by Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave radar: car, motorcycle, pedestrian and truck. This evaluation adds a new possibility for data augmentation when radar data labeling available is not enough. The results show that, yes, the GAN generated RAD images well, even when a specific class of the object is necessary. We also compared the scores of three GAN architectures, GAN Vanilla, CGAN, and DCGAN, in RAD synthetic imaging generation. We show that the generator can produce RAD images well enough with the results analyzed. UR - https://doi.org/10.5220/0011672400003417 KW - Radar Application KW - Generative Adversarial Network KW - Ground-Based Radar Dataset KW - Synthetic Automotive Radar Data Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.5220/0011672400003417 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-32029 SN - 978-989-758-634-7 SP - 262 EP - 271 PB - SciTePress CY - Setúbal ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schwerd, Simon A1 - Schulte, Axel ED - Paljic, Alexis ED - Ziat, Mounia ED - Bouatouch, Kadi T1 - Interaction-based Implicit Calibration of Eye-Tracking in an Aircraft Cockpit T2 - Proceedings of the 18th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications - Volume 2 N2 - We present a method to calibrate an eye-tracking system based on cockpit interactions of a pilot. Many studies show the feasibility of implicit calibration with specific interactions such as mouse clicks or smooth pursuit eye movements. In real-world applications, different types of interactions often co-exist in the “natural” operation of a system. Therefore, we developed a method that combines different types of interaction to enable implicit calibration in operational work environments. Based on a preselection of calibration candidates, we use an algorithm to select suitable samples and targets to perform implicit calibration. We evaluated our approach in an aircraft cockpit simulator with seven pilot candidates. Our approach reached a median accuracy between 2° to 4° on different cockpit displays dependent on the number of interactions. Differences between participants indicated that the correlation between gaze and interaction position is influenced by individual factors such as experience. UR - https://doi.org/10.5220/0011657200003417 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.5220/0011657200003417 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-65971 SN - 978-989-758-634-7 SP - 55 EP - 62 PB - SciTePress CY - Setúbal ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schwerd, Simon A1 - Schulte, Axel ED - Bashford-Rogers, Thomas ED - Meneveaux, Daniel ED - Ziat, Mounia ED - Ammi, Mehdi ED - Jänicke, Stefan ED - Purchase, Helen ED - Bouatouch, Kadi ED - Sousa, A. Augusto T1 - Evaluating Blink Rate as a Dynamic Indicator of Mental Workload in a Flight Simulator T2 - Proceedings of the 19th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications - Volume 1 N2 - This study assesses blink rate as a potential indicator for mental workload (MWL) in a dual task scenario in a flight simulator. Prior research indicated that blink rate decreases as mental workload increases across various tasks and domains. In our study, we aimed to determine if these findings are consistent in a dual task environment within a fast jet simulator. Furthermore, we evaluated blink rate fluctuations caused by the dynamic shifts in MWL as tasks are executed, switched, or completed. To investigate this, we executed a flight simulator experiment involving ten participants. They were tasked with two distinct activities: first, classifying air and ground targets, and second, maintaining a specific flight altitude. The results validated that blink rate decreases with increasing task difficulty. However, when a secondary task imposes significant workload, blink rates did not reliably indicate the primary task’s difficulty. We also found that the timing of spontaneous blinks w as influenced by task completion and switches. Specifically, blink rates surged immediately after decision-making points and during transitions between tasks. UR - https://doi.org/10.5220/0012319100003660 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.5220/0012319100003660 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-65924 SN - 978-989-758-679-8 SP - 362 EP - 368 PB - SciTePress CY - Setúbal ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schönhofer, Gerhard A1 - Komonen, Pauli A1 - Schwarz, Jan Oliver A1 - Bechthold, Laura T1 - Futures of Everyday Life: A Qualitative Content Analysis of Future Personas in Scenarios JF - Futures & Foresight Science N2 - Scenario reports, holding a long‐standing tradition in foresight and futures studies, act as an essential document for organizations to prepare for possible, plausible, and alternative futures. Focusing on descriptions and representations of everyday life, we examined 29 future persona narratives from six publications—covering a wide field from public to private sector—through qualitative content analysis. Our guiding question is: How can anthropological perspectives such as cultural relativism or postcolonial discourses contribute to an in‐depth, qualitative interpretation depictions of future everyday life? Acknowledging anthropology's colonial origins and its growing commitment to the interests of indigenous and other marginalized groups, we offer alternative readings of prominent scenario reports. Our findings suggest that scenario reports, in addition to anticipating possible futures, construct certain futures based on a systematic analysis of empirical data but also speculative interpretation. The results of these interpretative acts often appear elitist, stereotypical, and technocratic, often replicating dominant societal narratives rather than fostering substantive shifts in how the future is imagined. We therefore call for a more polyphonic representation of futures in scenario writing and foresight work that can produce more discontinuous and transformative images of the future. We understand polyphonic representations as coined by various independent, predominant as well as subaltern perspectives on the same issue at stake while being offered the same amount of space. Therefore, as we will indicate in our analysis, most of the reports referred to are rather monophonic and do not offer discuptive perspectives on the future of everyday life. As an avenue of methodological development, we propose a more nuanced and comprehensive perception of culture and social structures in scenario narrative writing. In addition, ethnographic methods could increase our understanding of how futures are collaboratively constructed and produced by different actors and their respective backgrounds and knowledge in scenario processes. UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/ffo2.70030 Y1 - 2026 UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/ffo2.70030 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-66024 SN - 2573-5152 VL - 8 IS - 1 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwerd, Simon A1 - Schulte, Axel T1 - Triggering Cockpit Alerts Using an Eye-Tracking-Based Measure of Monitoring Performance JF - Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors N2 - This study explored the potential for enhancing pilot performance via an alerting system that adapts according to an eye-tracking-based measure of monitoring. The novel measure combines gaze analysis with system state assessment to estimate the pilot’s understanding of the current system state. On this basis, an alerting system was developed to direct pilot attention to unnoticed system state changes, thereby improving system state monitoring. In a flight simulator study involving 10 participants in a generic jet cockpit, we compared the adaptive alerting system with a no-assistance condition. Although alerting improved the participants’ performance in two tracking tasks, it adversely impacted performance in a third task. Nonetheless, alerting resulted in a decrease in both variance and mean detection time of critical changes. Participants’ subjective ratings were generally positive, yet they criticized the lack of transparency of the alerting mechanism. Alerts triggered based on eye-tracking and system state show potential for improving operator task performance. Nonetheless, for the system to reach its full performance potential, it is critical that the operator understand the principles underlying the alert triggers. False positives and alert design were identified as key areas for improvement to maintain user trust and task flow. UR - https://doi.org/10.1027/2192-0923/a000263 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1027/2192-0923/a000263 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-65916 SN - 2192-0931 VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 22 EP - 37 PB - Hogrefe CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maksimovski, Daniel A1 - Festag, Andreas A1 - Facchi, Christian T1 - Adaptive Message Generation Rules for V2X Maneuver Coordination Service JF - IEEE Access N2 - Maneuver coordination enables connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) to collaboratively plan, negotiate, and execute driving maneuvers, aiming to enhance safety, traffic flow, and energy efficiency. As part of the Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication system, it operates as a dedicated service that relies on detailed, bidirectional interactions between vehicles, unlike traditional broadcast-based V2X services. While maneuver coordination is the focus of ongoing research and standardization, the rules that govern when and how vehicles generate Maneuver Coordination Messages (MCMs) within the Maneuver Coordination Service (MCS) are still not fully defined. These rules are essential for ensuring timely and reliable coordination. This paper proposes three adaptive MCM generation strategies based on the operation mode of the MCS, maneuver priority, and current channel load. The first approach defines MCM rules for intent sharing, maneuver negotiation, and execution phases, factoring in maneuver importance. The second adjusts the frequency of intent MCMs when a negotiation message is received from another vehicle. The third adapts frequency based on real-time channel load during intent sharing. For comparison, two baseline strategies are also evaluated. The proposed rules are tested for highway merging and lane change use cases in traffic scenarios with increasing vehicle density and high channel loads. A comprehensive evaluation is conducted using metrics related to the network, message generation frequency, congestion control, and maneuver coordination. The results demonstrate significantly enhanced channel efficiency and communication reliability across all metrics. For example, under the final approach, maneuver negotiation time is reduced by a factor of five in congested V2X environments. UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2026.3652364 Y1 - 2026 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2026.3652364 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-66051 SN - 2169-3536 VL - 14 SP - 6417 EP - 6437 PB - IEEE CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reuthlinger, Eva A1 - Sinha, Tanja T1 - Impact Investing from an European Perspective – Do Good and Earn Money? JF - Copernican Journal of Finance & Accounting N2 - Impact Investing provides a promising way to fund sustainable development while balancing financial, social, and environmental goals. This study compares the performance of Impact, Conventional, and ESG Portfolios in the European stock market over more than 10 years, using Markowitz Optimization and Naive Diversification. The findings show that Impact Portfolios yield the highest returns, without sacrificing financial performance when integrating sustainability criteria that go beyond the classical ESG investing. UR - http://dx.doi. org/10.12775/CJFA.2025.005 Y1 - 2025 UR - http://dx.doi. org/10.12775/CJFA.2025.005 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-65823 SN - 2300-3065 VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 87 EP - 109 PB - Nicolaus Copernicus University CY - Toruń ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zieher, Simon A1 - Olcay, Ertug A1 - Kefferpütz, Klaus A1 - Salamat, Babak A1 - Olzem, Sebastian-Sven A1 - Elsbacher, Gerhard A1 - Meeß, Henri T1 - Drones for automated parcel delivery: Use case identification and derivation of technical requirements JF - Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives N2 - Drone-based parcel delivery is a rapidly growing domain posing many technological and operational challenges. Drone technologies have been under increasing levels of investigation and development over the past years. Since the realization of drone-based delivery can only be economically feasible at large scales, it requires processes that address the outstanding challenges holistically. However, the majority of research focuses on individual aspects such as environmental perception, route planning, operational design, and business models without addressing the challenges in the overall system. This paper conducts a quantitative analysis of the requirements for identified use cases that are considered relevant for the upcoming future. We provide a comprehensive technology overview and derive requirements and specifications for the targeted use cases that are not fulfilled by the current state-of-the-art. The use cases are not only related to last-mile delivery but also long-distance (hub-to-hub) logistics as well as courier and express delivery. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2024.101253 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2024.101253 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-53303 SN - 2590-1982 VL - 2024 IS - 28 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Salamat, Babak A1 - Elsbacher, Gerhard A1 - Tonello, Andrea M. A1 - Belzner, Lenz T1 - Model-Free Distributed Reinforcement Learning State Estimation of a Dynamical System Using Integral Value Functions JF - IEEE Open Journal of Control Systems UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCSYS.2023.3250089 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCSYS.2023.3250089 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-43492 SN - 2694-085X VL - 2 SP - 70 EP - 78 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Salamat, Babak A1 - Yaghmaei, Abolfazl A1 - Elsbacher, Gerhard A1 - Tonello, Andrea M. A1 - Yazdanpanah, Mohammad Javad T1 - An Innovative Control Design Procedure for Under-Actuated Mechanical Systems: Emphasizing Potential Energy Shaping and Structural Preservation JF - IEEE Open Journal of Control Systems N2 - In this paper, we propose a procedure to solve the controlled design for a class of underactuated mechanical systems. Our proposed method can be viewed as a sub-method of the IDA-PBC or Controlled Lagrangian approaches, with a particular focus on shaping the potential energy. By emphasizing potential energy shaping, we can effectively tackle the bottleneck presented by the matching equation in these approaches. Moreover, our method leverages a suitable coordinate transformation that is inspired by the physics of the system, further enhancing its efficacy. Therefore, our design procedure is based on a coordinate transformation plus potential energy shaping in the new coordinates, and its existence and possibility of potential energy shaping can be verified via some algebraic calculations, making it constructive. To illustrate the results, we consider the cart-pole system and a recently introduced underactuated mechanical system named swash mass pendulum (SMP) [1]. The SMP consists of a pendulum made of a rigid shaft connected to a pair of cross-shafts where two swash masses can move under the action of servo-mechanisms. UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCSYS.2023.3320512 KW - Controller design KW - under-actuated mechanical systems KW - Euler-Lagrange dynamics KW - potential matching equation Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCSYS.2023.3320512 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-40295 SN - 2694-085X VL - 2 SP - 356 EP - 365 PB - IEEE CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Salamat, Babak A1 - Olzem, Sebastian-Sven A1 - Elsbacher, Gerhard A1 - Tonello, Andrea M. T1 - Global Multi-Phase Path Planning Through High-Level Reinforcement Learning JF - IEEE Open Journal of Control Systems N2 - In this paper, we introduce the Global Multi-Phase Path Planning ( GMP3 ) algorithm in planner problems, which computes fast and feasible trajectories in environments with obstacles, considering physical and kinematic constraints. Our approach utilizes a Markov Decision Process (MDP) framework and high-level reinforcement learning techniques to ensure trajectory smoothness, continuity, and compliance with constraints. Through extensive simulations, we demonstrate the algorithm's effectiveness and efficiency across various scenarios. We highlight existing path planning challenges, particularly in integrating dynamic adaptability and computational efficiency. The results validate our method's convergence guarantees using Lyapunov’s stability theorem and underscore its computational advantages. UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCSYS.2024.3435080 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCSYS.2024.3435080 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-52776 SN - 2694-085X VL - 3 SP - 405 EP - 415 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rodríguez-Arozamena, Mario A1 - Matute, Jose A1 - Pérez, Joshué A1 - Ozbay, Burcu A1 - Tezcan, Deryanur A1 - Begecarslan, Enes A1 - Mutlukaya, Irem A1 - Mayer, Kevin A1 - Volkersdorfer, Tina A1 - Hof, Hans-Joachim ED - McNally, Ciaran ED - Carroll, Páraic ED - Martinez-Pastor, Beatriz ED - Ghosh, Bidisha ED - Efthymiou, Marina ED - Valantasis-Kanellos, Nikolaos T1 - A Fail-Safe Decision Architecture for CCAM Applications T2 - Transport Transitions: Advancing Sustainable and Inclusive Mobility, Proceedings of the 10th TRA Conference, 2024 Dublin, Ireland - Volume 6: Connected Mobility Ecosystems N2 - In the context of Connected, Cooperative, and Automated Mobility (CCAM), precise ego-vehicle positioning and environmental status assessment are crucial. However, these tasks can be susceptible to sensor failures, misuse, and cyberattacks. Automation disengagements and system redundancy are common strategies to achieve Minimum Risk Conditions when failures occur. This paper presents a Fail-Safe decision architecture formulated within the framework of the SELFY project (https://selfy-project.eu/). The main aim is to reduce inaccuracies in GNSS-derived positioning through the incorporation of sensor fusion, AI-guided situational assessment, trajectory planning, and mode decision components. Additionally, the architecture has been designed to enable real-time updates and communication with external entities, including the Vehicle Security Operations Centre. UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-06763-0_104 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-06763-0_104 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-65868 SN - 978-3-032-06763-0 SP - 731 EP - 737 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nieto, Marcos A1 - Otaegui, Oihana A1 - Panou, Maria A1 - Birkner, Christian A1 - Vaculin, Ondrej A1 - Rodríguez, Ariadna ED - McNally, Ciaran ED - Carroll, Páraic ED - Martinez-Pastor, Beatriz ED - Ghosh, Bidisha ED - Efthymiou, Marina ED - Valantasis-Kanellos, Nikolaos T1 - AWARE2ALL: Human Centric Interaction and Safety Systems for Increasing the Share of Automated Vehicles T2 - Transport Transitions: Advancing Sustainable and Inclusive Mobility, Proceedings of the 10th TRA Conference, 2024, Dublin, Ireland-Volume 1: Safe and Equitable Transport N2 - The AWARE2ALL project is designed to address the new challenges of Highly Automated Vehicles (HAVs) from a human-centric perspective. These vehicles will allow occupants to engage in non-driving activities, rising research questions about occupant behavior, activities, and Human-Machine Interfaces (HMI) to keep them aware of the situation and the automation mode. The project aims to ensure safe operation of HAVs by developing safety and HMI systems that provide a holistic understanding of the scene. This includes continuous monitoring of the interior situation and advanced passive safety systems for occupant safety, as well as a surround perception system and external HMI for the safety of Human Road Users (HRUs). AWARE2ALL is paving the way for HAV deployment by effectively addressing changes in road safety and interactions between different road users caused by the emergence of HAVs. It is developing innovative technologies, assessment tools, and methodologies to adapt to new scenarios in mixed traffic. The project builds on previous research and aims to mitigate new safety risks associated with the introduction of HAVs. UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-88974-5_112 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-88974-5_112 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-62356 SN - 978-3-031-88974-5 SP - 779 EP - 785 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Fleischmann, Albert A1 - Schmidt, Werner A1 - Stary, Christian A1 - Obermeier, Stefan A1 - Börger, Egon T1 - Subject-Oriented Business Process Management N2 - Activities performed in organizations are coordinated via communication between the people involved. The sentences used to communicate are naturally structured by subject, verb, and object. The subject describes the actor, the verb the action and the object what is affected by the action. Subject-oriented Business Process Management (S-BPM) as presented in this book is based on this simple structure which enables process-oriented thinking and process modeling. S-BPM puts the subject of a process at the center of attention and thus deals with business processes and their organizational environment from a new perspective, meeting organizational requirements in a much better way than traditional approaches. Subjects represent agents of an action in a process, which can be either technical or human (e.g. a thread in an IT system or a clerk). A process structures the actions of each subject and coordinates the required communication among the subjects. S-BPM provides a coherent procedural framework to model and analyze business processes: its focus is the cooperation of all stakeholders involved in the strategic, tactical, and operational issues, sharing their knowledge in a networked structure. The authors illustrate how each modeling activity through the whole development lifecycle can be supported through the use of appropriate software tools. The presentation style focuses on professionals in industry, and on students specializing in process management or organizational modeling. Each chapter begins with a summary of key findings and is full of examples, hints, and possible pitfalls. An interpreter model, a toolbox, and a glossary summarizing the main terms complete the book. UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32392-8 Y1 - 2012 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32392-8 SN - 978-3-642-32392-8 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gelner, Alexander A1 - Rothe, Dieter A1 - Kykal, Carsten A1 - Irwin, Martin A1 - Sommer, Alessandro A1 - Pastoetter, Christian A1 - Härtl, Martin A1 - Jaensch, Malte A1 - Wachtmeister, Georg T1 - Particle emissions of a heavy-duty engine fueled with polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (OME) JF - Environmental Science: Atmospheres N2 - Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (OME) are promising substitutes for fossil diesel fuel. Besides the possibility of closing the carbon cycle, OME also feature soot-free combustion. Although this has been demonstrated sufficiently, nanoparticle emission in OME exhaust is mainly unknown. Many studies provide information about the particle size distribution (PSD) in the exhaust of OME-fueled diesel engines, but lack a distinction between solid particles and particles of a volatile nature. This distinction is necessary in order to evaluate the potential of OME regarding Euro VI and the Euro VII exhaust gas legislation being discussed. This study investigates the PSD of fossil diesel and the OME exhaust of a heavy-duty engine with and without removal of the volatile fraction via a catalytic stripper, by means of a purpose-built sampling system based on proposals from the Particle Measurement Programme (PMP). The experiments showed that most of the nuclei mode investigated in OME operation is of a volatile nature and that the solid particle number (PN) emission is below that of Euro VI diesel operation. Moreover, the results indicate that a state-of-the-art aftertreatment system removes most of the particle emission, regardless of whether it is volatile or solid. Selective catalytic reduction using aqueous urea dosing increases solid particle emission, especially in the sub-23 nm range. However, a PMP-conformant measurement of PN23 and PN10 during WHSC and WHTC runs demonstrated that the PN emission of an OME-fueled engine falls below the average immission level of urban and regional background in Germany. UR - https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EA00084E Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EA00084E UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-54799 SN - 2634-3606 VL - 2 IS - 2 SP - 291 EP - 304 PB - RSC CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gelner, Alexander A1 - Pang, Genny A. A1 - Weber, Markus A1 - Haisch, Christoph A1 - Beck, Harald A. A1 - Pastoetter, Christian A1 - Härtl, Martin A1 - Jaensch, Malte A1 - Wachtmeister, Georg T1 - Gaseous emissions of a heavy-duty engine fueled with polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (OME) in transient cold-start operation and methods for after-treatment system heating JF - Environmental Science: Advances N2 - Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (OME) are promising e-fuels for diesel engines, combining carbon-neutral production and low-emission engine operation by virtue of soot-free combustion. The emissions of diesel engines fueled with OME and in blends with diesel have been studied extensively using single-cylinder research engines under laboratory conditions. Emissions from a series engine using an exhaust after-treatment system (ATS) – especially in cold-start operation – are largely unexplored. This study presents investigations conducted using a heavy-duty engine with ATS in a transient driving cycle including cold-start operation. Measurements from a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) showed that formaldehyde and formic acid form the largest proportion of the monitored tailpipe exhaust emissions due to incomplete combustion in cold-start operation, as long as the catalysts are below their light-off temperature. Non-target screening using a mass spectrometer for online characterization of both gaseous and aerosol exhaust revealed that unburned OME accounts for the majority of gaseous emissions of heavy species in raw exhaust, independent of cold- or hot-start. The ATS removes OME in the exhaust equally in the cold and the hot run. Additionally, this study presents results with specific measures taken for ATS heating such as electrical heating and fuel dosing – demonstrating that electrical heating in combination with an early start of fuel dosing reduces nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions in the transient driving cycle by 64.9%, but at the cost of an increase in formaldehyde emission of 58.3%. A later start of fuel dosing avoids this increase and reduces NOx emissions by 61.8%. UR - https://doi.org/10.1039/D2VA00080F Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.1039/D2VA00080F UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-54800 SN - 2754-7000 VL - 1 IS - 4 SP - 470 EP - 482 PB - RSC CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oetter, Nicolai A1 - Pröll, Jonas A1 - Sievert, Matti A1 - Goncalves, Miguel A1 - Rohde, Maximilian A1 - Nobis, Christopher-Philipp A1 - Knipfer, Christian A1 - Aubreville, Marc A1 - Pan, Zhaoya A1 - Breininger, Katharina A1 - Maier, Andreas A1 - Kesting, Marco A1 - Stelzle, Florian T1 - Oral mucosa - an examination map for confocal laser endomicroscopy within the oral cavity: an experimental clinical study JF - Clinical Oral Investigations N2 - Objectives Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is an optical method that enables microscopic visualization of oral mucosa. Previous studies have shown that it is possible to differentiate between physiological and malignant oral mucosa. However, differences in mucosal architecture were not taken into account. The objective was to map the different oral mucosal morphologies and to establish a “CLE map” of physiological mucosa as baseline for further application of this powerful technology. Materials and methods The CLE database consisted of 27 patients. The following spots were examined: (1) upper lip (intraoral) (2) alveolar ridge (3) lateral tongue (4) floor of the mouth (5) hard palate (6) intercalary line. All sequences were examined by two CLE experts for morphological differences and video quality. Results Analysis revealed clear differences in image quality and possibility of depicting tissue morphologies between the various localizations of oral mucosa: imaging of the alveolar ridge and hard palate showed visually most discriminative tissue morphology. Labial mucosa was also visualized well using CLE. Here, typical morphological features such as uniform cells with regular intercellular gaps and vessels could be clearly depicted. Image generation and evaluation was particularly difficult in the area of the buccal mucosa, the lateral tongue and the floor of the mouth. Conclusion A physiological “CLE map” for the entire oral cavity could be created for the first time. Clinical relevance This will make it possible to take into account the existing physiological morphological features when differentiating between normal mucosa and oral squamous cell carcinoma in future work. UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-024-05664-9 KW - Confocal laser endomicroscopy KW - Oral cavity KW - Oral carcinoma KW - Optical methods KW - Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma KW - Head and neck cancer Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-024-05664-9 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-56000 SN - 1436-3771 VL - 28 IS - 5 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - BOOK ED - Fleischmann, Albert ED - Schmidt, Werner ED - Stary, Christian T1 - S-BPM in the Wild BT - Practical Value Creation N2 - This is the first book to present field studies on the application of subject-oriented business process management (S-BPM). Each case presents a specific story and focuses on an essential modeling or implementation issue, and most end with implications or suggestions for further studies. Significant variables and success factors are identified that were discovered during the respective study and lead to suggesting S-BPM novelties. For each case, the authors explain step-by-step how the story develops, and provide readers guidance by detailing the respective rationale. UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17542-3 Y1 - 2015 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17542-3 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-56730 SN - 978-3-319-17542-3 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ammeling, Jonas A1 - Ganz, Jonathan A1 - Rosbach, Emely A1 - Lausser, Ludwig A1 - Bertram, Christof A1 - Breininger, Katharina A1 - Aubreville, Marc T1 - Benchmarking Foundation Models for Mitotic Figure Classification JF - Machine Learning for Biomedical Imaging N2 - The performance of deep learning models is known to scale with data quantity and diversity. In pathology, as in many other medical imaging domains, the availability of labeled images for a specific task is often limited. Self-supervised learning techniques have enabled the use of vast amounts of unlabeled data to train large-scale neural networks, i.e., foundation models, that can address the limited data problem by providing semantically rich feature vectors that can generalize well to new tasks with minimal training effort increasing model performance and robustness. In this work, we investigate the use of foundation models for mitotic figure classification. The mitotic count, which can be derived from this classification task, is an independent prognostic marker for specific tumors and part of certain tumor grading systems. In particular, we investigate the data scaling laws on multiple current foundation models and evaluate their robustness to unseen tumor domains. Next to the commonly used linear probing paradigm, we also adapt the models using low-rank adaptation (LoRA) of their attention mechanisms. We compare all models against end-to-end-trained baselines, both CNNs and Vision Transformers. Our results demonstrate that LoRA-adapted foundation models provide superior performance to those adapted with standard linear probing, reaching performance levels close to 100 % data availability with only 10 % of training data. Furthermore, LoRA-adaptation of the most recent foundation models almost closes the out-of-domain performance gap when evaluated on unseen tumor domains. However, full fine-tuning of traditional architectures still yields competitive performance. UR - https://doi.org/10.59275/j.melba.2026-a3eb Y1 - 2026 UR - https://doi.org/10.59275/j.melba.2026-a3eb UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-66220 SN - 2766-905X VL - 3 IS - MELBA–BVM 2025 Special Issue SP - 38 EP - 55 PB - Melba editors CY - [s. l.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mohan, Adithya A1 - Schön, Torsten T1 - Toward Robust Agents: A Survey of Adversarial Attacks and Defenses in Deep Reinforcement Learning JF - IEEE Access N2 - Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has demonstrated remarkable success in autonomous decision-making across diverse domains, including robotics, autonomous driving, and game playing. However, recent studies have uncovered a critical vulnerability: DRL agents are highly susceptible to adversarial attacks that can significantly degrade their performance or lead to catastrophic failure. These attacks exploit different components of the learning pipeline observations, actions, rewards, and policies exposing new challenges unique to DRL compared to supervised learning. This survey provides a comprehensive examination of adversarial threats and corresponding defense mechanisms within the DRL paradigm. This also aims to serve as a foundational reference for researchers and practitioners seeking to understand and mitigate adversarial vulnerabilities in DRL. UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2026.3657855 Y1 - 2026 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2026.3657855 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-66232 SN - 2169-3536 VL - 14 SP - 14481 EP - 14497 PB - IEEE CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sprogies, Marc A1 - Schmidt, Werner ED - Fleischmann, Albert ED - Schmidt, Werner ED - Stary, Christian T1 - Introducing S-BPM at an IT Service Providers T2 - S-BPM in the Wild: Practical Value Creation N2 - IT Service consumers have a clear idea of agile, flexible and transparent service processes to quickly get their needs satisfied. For an IT service provider like WK EDV GmbH this arises the challenge of designing its procedures adequately. For that reason WK decided to consolidate and optimize their service processes. It ran a pilot project to analyze, redesign and newly implement the software deployment process which is part of their overall Application Lifecycle Management (ALM) process. The project team applied Subject-oriented Business Process Management (S-BPM) as methodology and the Metasonic Suite as the respective software toolset in order to gain insights into and experience with the S-BPM environment. This contribution reports on the course of the project, the results and the learnings. UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17542-3_4 Y1 - 2015 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17542-3_4 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-56712 SN - 978-3-319-17542-3 SP - 55 EP - 74 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - INPR A1 - Salamat, Babak A1 - Mattern, Dominik A1 - Olzem, Sebastian-Sven A1 - Elsbacher, Gerhard A1 - Seidel, Christian A1 - Tonello, Andrea M. T1 - GMP3: Learning-Driven, Bellman-Guided Trajectory Planning for UAVs in Real-Time on SE(3) N2 - We propose GMP3, a multiphase global path planning framework that generates dynamically feasible three-dimensional trajectories for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) operating in cluttered environments. The framework extends traditional path planning from Euclidean position spaces to the Lie group SE(3), allowing joint learning of translational motion and rotational dynamics. A modified Bellman-based operator is introduced to support reinforcement learning (RL) policy updates while leveraging prior trajectory information for improved convergence. GMP3 is designed as a distributed framework in which agents influence each other and share policy information along the trajectory: each agent refines its assigned segment and shares with its neighbors via a consensus-based scheme, enabling cooperative policy updates and convergence toward a path shaped globally even under kinematic constraints. We also propose DroneManager, a modular ground control software that interfaces the planner with real UAV platforms via the MAVLink protocol, supporting real-time deployment and feedback. Simulation studies and indoor flight experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in constrained 3D environments, demonstrating reliable obstacle avoidance and smooth, feasible trajectories across both position and orientation. The open-source implementation is available at https://github.com/Domattee/DroneManager. UR - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2509.21264 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2509.21264 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-64770 PB - arXiv CY - Ithaca ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kreilinger, Laurens A1 - Zott, Stefan A1 - Hemmert, Werner A1 - Karg, Sonja T1 - Dry electrode impedance: a new approach towards improved characterization JF - Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express N2 - Electrode-skin impedance plays a crucial role in electrophysiological signal acquisition, influencing signal quality and measurement reliability. We designed a reproducibility measurement setup, using a membrane with a saline solution and a three-electrode Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy measurement setup (range 1 Hz–20 kHz), to mimic the electrode-skin impedance. The system allowed controlled application of pressure to the working electrode (WE) and measurement of all setup parameters. With this setup, reproducible results were achieved, with a standard deviation of 5.5% of the mean impedance across three builds. Potentiostatic and impedance analyzer measurements with six types of dry electrodes produced comparable results, with an average error of 10%. The six dry electrode types exhibited impedance variations of up to a factor of 10,000 at low frequencies, depending on material and geometry. Ag/AgCl-coated electrodes exhibited an impedance reduction by a factor of 100 at 1 Hz compared to their uncoated counterparts. The proposed setup provides a standardized and reproducible approach for characterizing electrode impedance across different materials, coatings, and geometries. UR - https://doi.org/10.1088/2057-1976/ae3e9c Y1 - 2026 UR - https://doi.org/10.1088/2057-1976/ae3e9c UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-66800 SN - 2057-1976 VL - 12 IS - 2 PB - IOP Publishing CY - Bristol ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Jimenez, Victor A1 - Reyes de los Mozos, Mario A1 - Perea Paños, Pau A1 - Fritzsche, Paula Cecilia A1 - Mayer, Kevin A1 - Volkersdorfer, Tina A1 - Hof, Hans-Joachim A1 - Couturier, Christophe A1 - Ernst, Thierry A1 - Zhang, Miao A1 - Saied Mohamed, Mohamed A1 - Rodríguez-Arozamena, Mario A1 - Aranguren-Mendieta, Iñigo A1 - Pérez, Joshué A1 - Jousse, Adrien A1 - Murguia, Carlos A1 - van de Wouw, Nathan A1 - Bellessort, Romain A1 - Salami, Behzad A1 - Jevtić, Aleksandar A1 - Bannour, Boutheina A1 - Rodríguez Recasens, Manel A1 - Ropero, Isaac A1 - Ozbay, Burcu A1 - Eren, Ali A1 - Bektas, Mustafa A1 - Tezcan, Deryanur A1 - Pilz, Christoph A1 - Haas, Sarah A1 - Lenz, Gernot ED - McNally, Ciaran ED - Carroll, Páraic ED - Martinez-Pastor, Beatriz ED - Ghosh, Bidisha ED - Efthymiou, Marina ED - Valantasis-Kanellos, Nikolaos T1 - SELFY - Self Assessment, Protection and Healing Tools for a Trustworthy and Resilient CCAM T2 - Transport Transitions: Advancing Sustainable and Inclusive Mobility, Proceedings of the 10th TRA Conference, 2024 Dublin, Ireland - Volume 6: Connected Mobility Ecosy N2 - SELFY envisions an agnostic toolbox for the self-management of security and resilience of the CCAM (Connected, Cooperative and Automated Mobility) ecosystem, which can be easily deployed to extend the current Operational Design Domain (ODD), providing self-awareness, self-resilience and self-healing mechanisms and enhancing trust between stakeholders. SELFY is based on four pillars: Situational awareness, Resilience, Secure Data Sharing and Trust and provides three groups of tools. SACP (Situational Awareness and Collaborative Perception) tools aim at providing all CCAM actors with a comprehensive understanding of their environment, i.e., the perception of objects, such as other traffic participants and stationary objects. CRHS (Cooperative Resilience and Healing System) tools enable self-protection actions whenever a compromising situation is detected in relation to assets, vehicles, operations, or the system itself. TDMS (Trust and Data Management System) tools establish a secure and trusted environment for data in a collaborative and cooperative context, both for infrastructure and assets, as well as for citizen’s data, such as drivers or pedestrians with special attention to privacy considerations. By defining a collaborative environment between the different tools to respond to new threats, risks and attacks SELFY facilitates the comprehension of new challenges in the cybersecurity aspect of CCAMs. UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-06763-0_106 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-06763-0_106 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-66819 SN - 978-3-032-06763-0 SP - 745 EP - 751 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Jimenez, Victor A1 - Reyes de los Mozos, Mario A1 - Perea Paños, Pau A1 - Fritzsche, Paula Cecilia A1 - Mayer, Kevin A1 - Volkersdorfer, Tina A1 - Hof, Hans-Joachim A1 - Couturier, Christophe A1 - Ernst, Thierry A1 - Zhang, Miao A1 - Saied Mohamed, Mohamed A1 - Rodríguez-Arozamena, Mario A1 - Aranguren-Mendieta, Iñigo A1 - Pérez, Joshué A1 - Jousse, Adrien A1 - Murguia, Carlos A1 - van de Wouw, Nathan A1 - Bellessort, Romain A1 - Salami, Behzad A1 - Jevtić, Aleksandar A1 - Bannour, Boutheina A1 - Rodríguez Recasens, Manel A1 - Ropero, Isaac A1 - Ozbay, Burcu A1 - Eren, Ali A1 - Bektas, Mustafa A1 - Tezcan, Deryanur A1 - Pilz, Christoph A1 - Haas, Sarah A1 - Lenz, Gernot T1 - SELFY - Self Assessment, Protection & Healing Tools for a Trustworthy and Resilient CCAM T2 - Proceedings of the Transport Research Arena (TRA2024) Conference N2 - SELFY envisions an agnostic toolbox for the self-management of se-curity and resilience of the CCAM (Connected, Cooperative and Automated Mo-bility) ecosystem, which can be easily deployed to extend the current Operational Design Domain (ODD), providing self-awareness, self-resilience and self-heal-ing mechanisms and enhancing trust between stakeholders. SELFY is based on four pillars: Situational awareness, Resilience, Secure Data Sharing and Trust and provides three groups of tools. SACP (Situational Awareness and Collabo-rative Perception) tools aim at providing all CCAM actors with a comprehensive understanding of their environment, i.e., the perception of objects, such as other traffic participants and stationary objects. CRHS (Cooperative Resilience and Healing System) tools enable self-protection actions whenever a compromising situation is detected in relation to assets, vehicles, operations, or the system itself. TDMS (Trust and Data Management System) tools establish a secure and trusted environment for data in a collaborative and cooperative context, both for infra-structure and assets, as well as for citizen's data, such as drivers or pedestrians with special attention to privacy considerations. By defining a collaborative en-vironment between the different tools to respond to new threats, risks and attacks SELFY facilitates the comprehension of new challenges in the cybersecurity as-pect of CCAMs. UR - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10978183 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10978183 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-53724 PB - Zenodo CY - Genf ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gleißner, Christian A1 - Kotonski, Julia T1 - The classification of rigid torus quotients with canonical singularities in dimension three JF - Rendiconti Lincei: Matematica e Applicazioni N2 - We provide a fine classification of rigid 3-dimensional torus quotients with isolated canonical singularities, up to biholomorphism and diffeomorphism. This complements the classification of Calabi–Yau 3-folds of type III0​, which are those quotients with Gorenstein singularities. UR - https://doi.org/10.4171/RLM/1070 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.4171/RLM/1070 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-64657 SN - 1720-0768 VL - 36 IS - 2 SP - 315 EP - 352 PB - EMS Press CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Radtke, Maximilian-Peter A1 - Huber, Marco F. A1 - Bock, Jürgen ED - Kulkarni, Chetan S. ED - Roychoudhury, Indranil T1 - Increasing Robustness of Data-Driven Fault Diagnostics with Knowledge Graphs T2 - Proceedings of the Annual Conferenceof the PHM Society 2023 N2 - In the realm of prognostics and health management (PHM), it is common to possess not only process data but also domain knowledge, which, if integrated into data-driven algorithms, can aid in solving specific tasks. This paper explores the integration of knowledge graphs (KGs) into deep learning models to develop a more resilient approach capable of handling domain shifts, such as variations in machine operating conditions. We present and assess a KG-enhanced deep learning approach in a representative PHM use case, demonstrating its effectiveness by incorporating domain-invariant knowledge through the KG. Furthermore, we provide guidance for constructing a comprehensive hierarchical KG representation that preserves semantic information while facilitating numerical representation. The experimental results showcase the improved performance and domain shift robustness of the KG-enhanced approach in fault diagnostics. UR - https://doi.org/10.36001/phmconf.2023.v15i1.3552 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.36001/phmconf.2023.v15i1.3552 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-43307 PB - PHM Society CY - Rochester ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Da Silva Junior, Amauri A1 - Müller, Steffen A1 - Birkner, Christian A1 - Jazar, Reza A1 - Marzbani, Hormoz T1 - Fault Tolerant Control With Reinforcement Learning for Evasive Maneuvers Using a Scaled Vehicle JF - IEEE Access N2 - Autonomous vehicle controllers are responsible for handling the vehicle at all times in any situation, including emergency conditions. An emergency might arise from, e.g., adverse weather conditions, short-time detection, and system faults. In this paper, we develop a fault-tolerant controller to handle actuator faults for an over-actuated autonomous vehicle based on reinforcement learning. A worst-case scenario is selected for the controller development, involving short-time detection of the preceding objects, high velocity, and dry to wet road conditions. The design of the vehicle controller is performed in three steps. First, a robust controller based on sliding mode control with lateral and longitudinal coupled strategy was built to ensure stability in emergency scenarios. Secondly, a strategy was proposed to identify the most critical vehicle faults that might lead to a crash. Building on these foundations, this study extends the vehicle controller to handle vehicle faults with a reinforcement learning strategy, enabling adaptive and robust fault handling in complex fault scenarios. The vehicle controller is designed and optimized in IPG-Carmaker®, and proof of concept is carried out in a scaled 1:3.33 test vehicle. The results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed controller in an emergency single-lane change with a velocity of up to 130 km/h. Tests in the scaled vehicle demonstrate the vehicle controller’s accuracy against simulation, with the application of reinforcement learning strategy in real-case scenarios. UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2026.3661179 Y1 - 2026 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2026.3661179 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-66839 SN - 2169-3536 VL - 14 SP - 21353 EP - 21383 PB - IEEE CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vogt, Anna A1 - Mueller, Ralph A1 - Kampa, Thomas A1 - Stark, Rainer A1 - Großmann, Daniel T1 - Concept and architecture for information exchange between digital twins of the product (CPS) and the production system (CPPS) JF - Procedia CIRP N2 - The Digital Twin concept and CPS- and IIoT-based approaches are increasingly important topics concerning future Industry 4.0 architectures. They offer high potential for dynamical aspects in intelligent production planning and control as well as part traceability and documentation. Standardized information exchange is an upcoming requirement among the whole supply chain. This paper presents a concept for a Digital Twin architecture based on motor production in the automotive industry. The key aspect is an information exchange structure for Digital Twins of products and production systems that are combined using principles of Dynamic Aggregation. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2021.11.217 KW - digital twin KW - cyber physical system KW - production system KW - information model KW - information exchange KW - intelligent production systems KW - smart production Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2021.11.217 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-16642 SN - 2212-8271 SP - 1292 EP - 1297 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - INPR A1 - Dönmez, Ömer A1 - Tejero de la Piedra, Ricardo A1 - Klose, Simona A1 - Riolet, Matthieu A1 - Rozek, Lukas A1 - Vaculin, Ondrej A1 - Hach, Christian T1 - Approach for Passive Safety Assessment of Rearward-Sitting Occupants N2 - The introduction of highly automated vehicles (HAVs) will allow vehicle occupants to take advantage of new seating configurations, such as sitting rearward in the first row. One critical aspect of assessing occupant safety during high-speed impacts is the lack of a dedicated safety framework for rearward-facing passengers in the first row. This paper introduces a method to develop new assessment criteria for these novel seat configurations. Thus, this research presents some preliminary results of rearward-facing occupant injury biomechanics analyses carried out employing a variety of anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) and the VIVA+ 50M human body model (HBM), restrained with different belt configurations and considering different seat typologies. It reviews the suitability of 50th percentile male ATDs to capture a biofidelic engagement with the seat structure and belt system and evaluates the reaction loads on the occupant, along with the energy management resulting from seat back rotational stiffness and energy-absorbing foams layered behind the seat cushion. Based on the results, the THOR-AV-50M is a suitable candidate for further biofidelity analysis. Torso occupant loads can be effectively reduced utilizing seat back rotation but pelvis load management requires further studies. UR - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18338626 Y1 - 2026 UR - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18338626 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-66254 PB - Zenodo CY - Genf ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mayr, Thomas A1 - Knollmeyer, Simon A1 - Jeknic, Isidora A1 - Fink, Leon A1 - Hensel, Ralph A1 - Huber, Marco F. A1 - Großmann, Daniel T1 - Enhancing Process Planning in the Automotive Industry: Extracting Procedural Knowledge from Assembly Operation Descriptions using Large Language Models JF - Procedia CIRP N2 - The non-standardized, human-written assembly descriptions have been a long-standing obstacle in the automotive assembly industry, making it difficult to use these data in the planning stage. The paper presents a standardization method based on Large Language Models (LLMs), focusing on consistency and clarity. This approach does not only streamline the planning processes but also facilitates the benchmarking of productivity and process quality across different individual parts and assembly lines, thus enabling comprehensive efficiency analysis and ultimately leading to more informed decision-making. Our method was evaluated at a German OEM in the automotive sector, demonstrating its practical applicability and effectiveness. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2026.01.137 Y1 - 2026 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2026.01.137 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-66843 SN - 2212-8271 VL - 2026 IS - 138 SP - 797 EP - 802 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Reum, Tobias A1 - Schmitt, David A1 - Summ, Thorsten A1 - Schrag, Tobias ED - Fink, Christian ED - Brunner, Christoph T1 - Energetic Potential of Parallel Operation of Two Heat Sources in a Dual-Source Heat Pump T2 - International Sustainable Energy Conference - Proceedings N2 - Dual-source heat pumps can mitigate disadvantages of single source heat pumps: They have fewer geological requirements compared to ground-source heat pumps while having higher efficiencies compared to air-source heat pumps. Parallel operation of two heat sources can also make electric heaters for peak loads obsolete, leading to economic benefits in the operational costs. Parallel operation has not been analysed thoroughly at different evaporation temperature gradients. To address this gap in research, four possible interconnections of two heat sources were analysed using a refrigerant cycle simulation, two with similar and two with separate evaporation pressures. The energetic potential of each interconnection is evaluated and compared to single source operation with an air-source and a ground-source heat pump. The results showed that only the interconnections with separate evaporation pressure allowed significant reduction in evaporation power from the ground source. As expected, the efficiency – compared to single air-source operation – increased for all parallel interconnections but decreased compared to ground-source operation. Efficient peak load coverage with small ground-source collectors therefore requires a more complex interconnection of completely split evaporator branches at different evaporation pressures. While the efficiency and heating power compared to single ground-source operation decreased slightly (by 4% and 6%, respectively), the power load on the GSHX and ASHX reduced to about 54% and 66% compared to the corresponding single-source operation, respectively. This allows high efficiency at reduced GSHX size and ASHX noise emission. Additionally, this interconnection also allows increased flexibility for improved heat source management. UR - https://doi.org/10.52825/isec.v1i.1158 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.52825/isec.v1i.1158 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-58147 SN - 2976-2030 PB - TIB Open Publishing CY - Hannover ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Müller, Simon Nikolaus A1 - Strobel, Rainer A1 - Faigl, Markus A1 - Schrag, Tobias ED - Fink, Christian ED - Brunner, Christoph T1 - Analysis of Industrial 5GDHC System in Ingolstadt BT - A Step Towards CO2-Neutral Industry T2 - International Sustainable Energy Conference - Proceedings N2 - This study comprehensively examines the technical manifestation and planning process for a shared thermal energy network at a 75-hectare industrial area in Ingolstadt. Unlike traditional systems, this (5GDHC) network showcases a smart integration of energy flows across 70 buildings with a yearly heating demand of around 17 GWh and a yearly cooling demand of around 35 GWh. The network spans over 9,100 meters of piping with diameters up to 800 mm. With thermal power from various sources including 1.8 MW waste heat from a data centre and potential for 10 MW from the Danube River, the system epitomizes a dynamic balance of heating and cooling demands. The paper itself examines the planning process of the system and encompasses topics such as defining energy requirements and load profiles, assessing potential energy sources and sinks for enhanced system efficiency, and analysing pipe and network design. Through this investigation, the study provides valuable insights towards a methodology to facilitate the successful implementation of future industrial 5GDHC systems, furthering the cause of sustainable energy. UR - https://doi.org/10.52825/isec.v1i.1152 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.52825/isec.v1i.1152 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-66874 SN - 2976-2030 PB - TIB Open Publishing CY - Hannover ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Raisuddin, Abu Mohammed A1 - Holmblad, Jesper A1 - Haghighi, Hamed A1 - Poledna, Yuri A1 - Funk Drechsler, Maikol A1 - Donzella, Valentina A1 - Aksoy, Eren Erdal T1 - REHEARSE-3D: A Multi-Modal Emulated Rain Dataset for 3D Point Cloud De-Raining JF - Sensors N2 - Sensor degradation poses a significant challenge in autonomous driving. During heavy rainfall, interference from raindrops can adversely affect the quality of LiDAR point clouds, resulting in, for instance, inaccurate point measurements. This, in turn, can potentially lead to safety concerns if autonomous driving systems are not weather-aware, i.e., if they are unable to discern such changes. In this study, we release a new, large-scale, multi-modal emulated rain dataset, REHEARSE-3D, to promote research advancements in 3D point cloud de-raining. Distinct from the most relevant competitors, our dataset is unique in several respects. First, it is the largest point-wise annotated dataset (9.2 billion annotated points), and second, it is the only one with high-resolution LiDAR data (LiDAR-256) enriched with 4D RADAR point clouds logged in both daytime and nighttime conditions in a controlled weather environment. Furthermore, REHEARSE-3D involves rain-characteristic information, which is of significant value not only for sensor noise modeling but also for analyzing the impact of weather at the point level. Leveraging REHEARSE-3D, we benchmark raindrop detection and removal in fused LiDAR and 4D RADAR point clouds. Our comprehensive study further evaluates the performance of various statistical and deep learning models, where SalsaNext and 3D-OutDet achieve above 94% IoU for raindrop detection. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/s26020728 Y1 - 2026 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/s26020728 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-66060 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 26 IS - 2 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bornschlegl, Martin A1 - Kreitlein, Sven A1 - Bregulla, Markus A1 - Franke, Jörg T1 - A method for forecasting the running costs of manufacturing technologies in automotive production during the early planning phase JF - Procedia CIRP N2 - The running costs of production sites are a decisive factor in the overheads of automotive production. Because of this, it is important for many operators to decrease those costs in a sustainable way. Therefore, they try to reduce both the energy consumption costs of production systems, as well as their maintenance costs. However, most parts of the running costs are already determined during the very early phases of the product creation process. The approach in this paper shows how the decision for a specific manufacturing technology influences the factory costs. It is necessary to determine the life-cycle costs with regard to the manufacturing technology. Therefore, deep knowledge about the process itself and the support processes is required. This paper shows how cost relevant parameters can be identified and introduces a method to determine the prospective costs for maintenance and energy consumption in advance. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2014.07.103 KW - factory planning KW - holistic planning process KW - life-cycle costing KW - sustainable manufacturing KW - running costs Y1 - 2015 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2014.07.103 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-23996 SN - 2212-8271 N1 - Part of special issue: "12th Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing – Emerging Potentials" VL - 2015 IS - 26 SP - 412 EP - 417 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bechthold, Laura A1 - Rosendahl Huber, Laura A1 - Eddleston, Kimberly A. T1 - Debiasing entrepreneurial careers: A field experiment on female role model effects on entrepreneurial self-efficacy and early-stage career choices JF - Journal of Business Venturing N2 - Women remain underrepresented not only as founders but also as employees – or “joiners” – in young and small firms, limiting their exposure to entrepreneurial environments that often serve as critical pathways to venture creation. To address this gap, we investigate whether introducing female entrepreneur role models in educational settings can shape young women's entrepreneurial self-efficacy and early career choices. Drawing on role congruity theory and social cognitive career theory (SCCT), we conducted a field experiment involving over 430 university students and 98 early-stage entrepreneurs. Using a pre-test/post-test design and longitudinal tracking of early career choices, we explore the causal effects of exogenously assigned female role models on students' decisions to join a young or small firm. We find that exposure to social interactions with female entrepreneurs significantly boosts female students' entrepreneurial self-efficacy. More importantly, women who were paired with a female entrepreneur were over 10% more likely to join a young firm after graduation compared to those assigned to a male entrepreneur. Mediation analysis confirms that entrepreneurial self-efficacy is a key mechanism linking exposure to same-sex role models with women's decision to join a young firm. These findings highlight the potential of targeted role model interventions to reduce gender disparities in entrepreneurial entry pathways and expand the diversity of entrepreneurial ecosystems. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2026.106582 Y1 - 2026 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2026.106582 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-66745 SN - 1873-2003 SN - 0883-9026 VL - 41 IS - 3 PB - Elsevier CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Morales Torricos, Pablo A1 - Gallenberger, Andreas A1 - Droese, Dominik A1 - Kowal, Julia A1 - Endisch, Christian A1 - Lewerenz, Meinert T1 - Analyzing the Impact of Electrolyte Motion Induced Salt Inhomogeneity Effect on Apparent Aging: Role of Current Rates and Temperature Effects in Accelerated Cyclic Aging Tests in Li-Ion Batteries JF - Batteries & Supercaps N2 - Accurate and rapid assessment of lithium-ion battery lifetime is essential for predicting remaining lifespan, enabling the selection of appropriate cells for specific applications and determining suitability for second-life use. However, accelerated cyclic aging tests may underestimate a cell's total lifespan due to exaggerated capacity fade that does not occur under real-world conditions. This increased capacity fade is primarily driven by electrolyte motion induced salt inhomogeneity (EMSI) and loss of homogeneity of lithium distribution (HLD). This study investigates the impact of varying charge and discharge currents on capacity loss during accelerated testing in compressed NMC-Gr pouch cells. Most of the capacity loss observed during cycling is fully recoverable after a resting period, with some cells regaining up to 81% of their lost capacity. Contrary to expectations, cells subjected to the highest cycling currents do not exhibit the greatest recoverable capacity loss. This phenomenon can be attributed to the interplay between current and temperature: While higher cycling currents exacerbate EMSI and HLD loss, they simultaneously elevate cell temperature, which mitigates EMSI by weakening polarization, enhancing electrolyte salt diffusion and homogenizing lithium distribution in the anode. Consequently, higher temperatures counteract HLD and EMSI-effect and therefore reduce apparent capacity loss. UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202500559 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202500559 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-62944 SN - 2566-6223 VL - 9 IS - 4 PB - Wiley CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Amâncio de Moraes, André A1 - Cristófoli Duarte Silva, Letícia A1 - Tancredi, Thiago Pontin A1 - Vasconcellos Ferreira, Cristiano T1 - Support methodology to the informational and conceptual design of small recreational powerboats JF - Human Factors in Design N2 - This article proposes a methodology for the design of motor recreational boats which are a crucial part of the Brazilian nautical industry. Despite the high demand for these boats, design methodologies for small leisure vessels are not well explored in the literature, leading to not mapped aspects as design information treatment, requirements engineering, and trade-off conflicts. The proposed methodology aims to systematize the obtaining of design specifications, generation and evaluation of solution concepts, employing de- sign support tools. The methodology was evaluated by applying it on a small recreational motorboat, and the results were positively evaluated by nautical industry and academic specialists, leading to acceptation of the methodology and some suggestions for improvement. N2 - Este artigo propõe uma metodologia para o projeto de embarcações de recreio a motor, que são uma parte crucial da indústria náutica brasileira. Apesar da grande demanda por essas embarcações, metodologias de projeto para pequenas embarcações de lazer não são bem exploradas na literatura, levando a aspectos não mapeados como tratamento de informações de projeto, engenharia de requisitos e conflitos de trade-off. A metodologia proposta visa sistematizar a obtenção de especificações de projeto, geração e avaliação de conceitos de soluções, empregando ferramentas de apoio ao projeto. A metodologia foi avaliada aplicando-a em uma pequena lancha de recreio, e os resultados foram avaliados positivamente pela indústria náutica e por especialistas acadêmicos, levando à aceitação da metodologia e a algumas sugestões de melhoria. T2 - Metodologia de suporte ao projeto informativo e conceitual de pequenas lanchas recreativas UR - https://doi.org/10.5965/2316796313252024165 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.5965/2316796313252024165 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-66739 SN - 2316-7963 VL - 13 IS - 25 SP - 165 EP - 186 PB - Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina CY - Florianópolis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwarz, Jan Oliver A1 - Ram, Camelia A1 - Rohrbeck, René T1 - Combining scenario planning and business wargaming to better anticipate future competitive dynamics JF - Futures N2 - The deliberate exploration of how the future competitive landscape may evolve is critical to uncovering threats and opportunities for firms that seek to improve their core businesses and advance to a superior position in the markets of the future. While techniques such as business wargaming can effectively support this process, such techniques can benefit from placing competitive considerations within a broader future landscape shaped by geopolitical, social, technological and economic forces. Scenario planning allows for the exploration of interactions across multiple external forces to create a rich set of narratives on how the future may unfold. This paper will discuss the potential of combining scenario planning and business wargaming to enable strategists to anticipate moves and countermoves and foresee their consequences. We use a real-life case study to illustrate how a scenario-planning exercise can guide the crucial stage of selecting relevant future competitors of a firm prior to engaging in a business-war-gaming exercise. We then introduce what we term the prospective competitive strategy process to guide the analysis of potential competitive dynamics, emphasizing the synergies between scenario planning and business wargaming. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2018.10.001 Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2018.10.001 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-41938 SN - 1873-6378 VL - 2019 IS - 105 SP - 133 EP - 142 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Emberger, Lukas A1 - Nair, Gireesh A1 - Lichtenegger, Klaus A1 - Moser, Maria A1 - Summ, Thorsten A1 - Natiesta, Thomas A1 - Fan, Jianhua A1 - Wang, Pengcheng A1 - Unterberger, Viktor A1 - Ohnewein, Philip T1 - Open data in the solar thermal community: Status, barriers, and opportunities JF - Solar Energy Advances N2 - Open data in the renewable energy sector could contribute to a greener future and reduce carbon emissions. This study investigates existing open datasets in the solar thermal domain, challenges in publishing and using open data and its potential impact. The results support the common belief that open data is useful, offering considerable benefits for data re-users and the solar thermal community. While substantial open data in the solar thermal domain already exists, some datasets like plant statistics and cost data are hard to utilize due to licensing, accessibility, and quality issues. The study shows that data owners benefit less from publishing data compared to data re-users and service providers. While data sharing seems appealing to data owners, several barriers discourage data sharing. Suggestions to promote the use and publications of open data in solar thermal domain are discussed. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seja.2025.100114 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seja.2025.100114 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-66691 SN - 2667-1131 VL - 2025 IS - 5 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - James, Stuart Daniel A1 - Killinger, Markus A1 - Mutanga, Chiedza Ngonidzashe A1 - Pirard, Romain A1 - Einax, Mario A1 - Huber, Matthias A1 - Bader, Tobias T1 - The hybrid renewable energy community approach (HyRECA): Synergising electricity access with bush encroachment mitigation in rural Southern Africa JF - Renewable and Sustainable Energy Transition N2 - Rural electrification and bush encroachment in Southern Africa have long been studied separately. Research shows that hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) offer viable solutions for off-grid communities, and bush encroachment mitigation is widely recognised as an ecological priority. Using Jamataka, Botswana, as a case study, this study integrates both, asking under which conditions encroacher bush-based HRES are economically viable, which electricity access levels local populations can afford, and whether biomass utilisation contributes to mitigation. Findings indicate strong potential for bush-based HRES in off-grid areas, but competitiveness declines where low-cost grid electricity is available. Economic viability is examined through levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) across alternative HRES configurations. HOMER Pro® simulations indicate PV/biomass/battery systems are most cost-effective off-grid, achieving 100 % renewable fractions, near zero CO₂ emissions, and LCOE of 0.246 $/kWh. In grid-connected contexts without feed-in, PV/diesel/grid combinations dominate (LCOE 0.117 $/kWh) due to low tariffs, but with higher emissions. A novel affordability analysis using household willingness to pay and the World Bank Multi-Tier Framework indicates that all households reach at least Tier 3 electricity access under grid-connected systems and >70 % off-grid, supporting household-use of medium-power appliances. Sustainable biomass extraction clears ∼12 ha annually (∼120 t) in Jamataka, aiding bush encroachment mitigation. Upscaling indicates potential to electrify 1.35 million people in >900 bush-encroached villages across Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa, using <1 % of encroached land – highlighting significant untapped potential. Future research should validate findings through geospatial modelling with high-resolution biomass data and spatially sensitive biomass cost models for region-wide planning. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rset.2025.100136 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rset.2025.100136 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-66620 SN - 2667-095X VL - 2026 IS - 9 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER -